Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
  • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
  • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
  • G01K13/024—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving gases
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
  • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
  • G01K2205/04—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle for measuring exhaust gas temperature
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
  • Y10T29/49085—Thermally variable

Definitions

• the present invention relates to temperature sensors, and in particular to a temperature sensor capable of operating in high vibration environments with improved accuracy and a high temperature range.
• the temperature of a process fluid in an industrial process is typically measured by a temperature sensor or probe that is positioned in the fluid.
• the temperature sensor may use a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector (RTD) to produce an electrical signal that is a function of temperature.
• RTD resistance temperature detector
• a thermocouple makes use of two dissimilar metals with different Seebeck coefficients.
• the thermocouple generates a voltage based upon a temperature difference between the thermocouple junction and a reference junction.
• the thermocouple offers a wide temperature operating range (typically from 0°C to 1450°C), and does not require a power source to generate an output signal.
• Thermocouples also are capable of operating in high vibration environments. However, thermocouples are less accurate than RTD devices.
• a resistance temperature detector senses temperature by a change in electrical resistance of a metal. The higher the temperature of the RTD, the higher the resistance.
• An output signal of the RTD sensor is generated by passing a constant electrical current through the RTD and measuring the voltage produced.
• An RTD may be either a wire wound or a thin film device.
• the RTD may be encapsulated in a temperature probe and used in conjunction with an industrial process transmitter to generate a transmitter output representing the temperature of the fluid in contact with the probe.
• Platinum is commonly used in wire wound and thin film RTDs, and provides stable and accurate measurement of temperatures up to about 600°C to 65O 0 C.
• RTD devices When compared to thermocouples, RTD devices are capable of higher accuracy but have smaller overall temperature range. Also, RTD devices are more susceptible to damage or failure in high vibration environments than are thermocouples. There is a need for a temperature sensor capable of operation in high vibration environments with the accuracy of an RTD and with a better high temperature range than is currently available with RTDs designed for high vibration environments.
• a temperature sensor includes a sensor sheath mounted at a distal end of a cable carrying electrical leads.
• An RTD sensing element positioned within the sheath is connected to leads from the cable.
• a ceramic thermal adhesive holds the RTD sensing element in place within the sheath.
• FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a distal portion of the RTD temperature sensor of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a distal portion of RTD temperature sensor 10, which is capable of operating in high vibration environments, which provides improved high temperature performance.
• RTD sensor 10 includes mineral insulator (MI) cable 12, sheath 14, and RTD sensing element 16.
• MI mineral insulator
• MI cable 12 extends from the proximal end (not shown) of RTD sensor 10 to sheath 14 at the distal end of RTD sensor 10.
• MI cable 12 includes outer tube 20, electrical leads 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d, and a filling of a mineral insulator powder.
• outer tube 20 is a metallic tube made of 321 stainless steel, leads 22a-
• mineral insulator filler 24 is magnesium oxide (MgO) powder.
• Sheath 14 includes extension tube 30 and end cap 32. Distal end of extension tube 30 is welded to the distal end of tube 20. End cap 32 is welded to the distal end of extension tube 30 to close the distal end of sheath 14. In one embodiment, both extension tube 30 and end cap 32 are 316 stainless steel. In other embodiments, extension tube 30 may be formed of 316L, 321, or 316Ti stainless steel.
• RTD sensing element 16 is positioned within sheath 14 near end cap 32. Leads 34a and 34b of RTD sensing element 16 extend in a proximal direction to make connection with leads 22a- 22d of cable 12. Lead 34a of RTD sensing element 16 is connected to the distal ends of leads 22a and 22b by laser weld 36a. Lead 34b of RTD sensing element 16 is connected to the distal ends of cable leads 22c and 22d by laser weld 36b.
• RTD sensing element 16 is a thin film RTD device, such as the HD-421 sensing element manufactured by Heraeus Sensor GmbH. In that embodiment, lead 34a and 34b are platinum leads. In other embodiments, wire wound
• RTD sensing elements may be used.
• ceramic adhesive filler 38 is a two-component thermoepoxy Thermoguss 2000, which provides stable temperature performance up to about 450 0 C.
• ceramic adhesive filler 38 is Cerastil V336, a two-component ceramic adhesive, which provides stable operation up to about 600 0 C.
• Ceramic adhesive filler 38 must provide electrical insulation, stable characteristics up to the desired maximum temperature, and must prevent relative movement of RTD sensing element 16 and sheath 14. Ceramic adhesive filler 38 prevents relative movement by forming a rigid mass within sheath 14, so that RTD sensing element 16 cannot move relative to capsule 14 during vibration of RTD sensor
• the vibrational load on sensor 10 can exceed an acceleration of 100m/s at frequencies in range of 10Hz to 500Hz. In some cases, the acceleration can be up to 600m/s over the frequency range of 10Hz to 500Hz.
• Cerastil V336 offers a higher operating range (up to 600 0 C), but does not have as high a thermal conductivity as Thermoguss 2000. It is possible, however, to achieve enhanced temperature range and response times by using a combination of Cerastil V336 and
• Thermoguss 2000 In one embodiment, approximately two thirds of the interior of sheath 14 is filled with Cerastil V336, and one third of sheath 14 is filled with Thermoguss 2000. In that embodiment, the portion filled by Thermoguss 2000 is at the distal end, nearest RTD sensing element 16. Other combinations of layers of ceramic adhesives are also possible.
• RTD sensor 10 is fabricated by laser welding leads 34a and 34b to leads 22a-22d that extend from the distal end of MI cable 12. Extension tube 30 is then placed over leads 22a-22d, leads 34a, 34b, and RTD sensing element 16 so that the proximal end of extension tube 30 abuts the distal end of tube 20 of cable 12. A laser welded butt joint is then formed between tube 20 and extension tube 30.
• Ceramic adhesive filler 38 is then introduced into the interior of sheath 14 as defined by extension tube 30. End cap 32 has not yet been joined to extension tube 30, so that ceramic adhesive filler 38 can be introduced through the distal opening of sheath
• Ceramic adhesive filler 38 may be allowed to cure and harden before end cap 32 is inserted into the distal opening and welded to extension tube 30.
• RTD sensors in which the entire capsule was filled with Thermoguss 2000 also provided satisfactory operation in vibrational loads of acceleration up to 600m/s in a range of frequency from 10Hz to 500Hz.
• the RTD sensors in which Thermoguss 2000 filled the entire capsule provided satisfactory stable temperature performance up to about

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-30 US US12/156,144 patent/US7982580B2/en active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-06-01 WO PCT/US2009/045836 patent/WO2009146447A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-06-01 EP EP09755807.6A patent/EP2291625A4/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-06-01 CN CN200980119759.9A patent/CN102047087B/zh active Active
  • 2009-06-01 JP JP2011511895A patent/JP5395897B2/ja active Active

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