WO2009142303A1 - 食細胞の機能評価方法 - Google Patents
食細胞の機能評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009142303A1 WO2009142303A1 PCT/JP2009/059453 JP2009059453W WO2009142303A1 WO 2009142303 A1 WO2009142303 A1 WO 2009142303A1 JP 2009059453 W JP2009059453 W JP 2009059453W WO 2009142303 A1 WO2009142303 A1 WO 2009142303A1
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- phagocytic
- scd14
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- cells
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56966—Animal cells
- G01N33/56972—White blood cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70596—Molecules with a "CD"-designation not provided for elsewhere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2896—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against molecules with a "CD"-designation, not provided for elsewhere
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5047—Cells of the immune system
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for evaluating the function of phagocytic cells and a method for detecting diseases associated with phagocytic phagocytosis.
- a phagocytic cell is a general term for cells having phagocytic activity.
- Specialized phagocytic cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, whose main role is phagocytosis in vivo, and non-specialized phagocytes that exhibit phagocytic activity depending on the situation (amateur phagocyte) Broadly divided.
- Non-specialized phagocytic cells include brain microglial cells, liver Kupffer cells, testicular Sertoli cells, and the like.
- White blood cells are cellular components contained in blood, and are mainly composed of granulocytes (about 60%), lymphocytes (about 25%), and monocytes (about 5%). Granulocytes are further classified into neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, but the number of neutrophils is the largest, and about half of leukocytes are neutrophils. Monocytes migrate to each tissue to become macrophages. Leukocytes contain many phagocytic cells and can be easily isolated, so that they are preferably used as phagocytic resources.
- Phagocytosis goes through a series of steps: recognition of foreign bodies by phagocytes, entrapment of foreign bodies, formation of phagosomes, digestion of foreign bodies in the phagosome, absorption or excretion of digested substances. Phagocytosis is not only caused by foreign substances such as bacteria and fungi, but is also related to the removal of unnecessary self-derived substances such as residues of self-tissues at the site of inflammation and obsolete autologous cells.
- a phagocytic cell may not only digest the phagocytic substance inside the cell, but may also release active oxygen and proteolytic enzymes to the outside of the cell with phagocytosis. This allows efficient local sterilization and tissue digestion, but on the other hand, excessive phagocytosis may destroy the self tissue.
- RA rheumatoid arthritis
- cells that engulfed the autoimmune complex excessively are observed, and proteolytic enzymes released from the RA cells damage the tissue, causing arthritis. It is known to be involved in the progression.
- Methods for measuring the phagocytic function of phagocytic cells include contacting phagocytic cells with latex particles, and counting latex particles incorporated into the cells by cytometry or microscopy, or phagocytic substances with fluorescent labels (E. coli, zymosan). Phagocytosed by phagocytic cells and the amount taken up into the cells is detected, after phagocytosing viable bacteria, the number of remaining viable bacteria is confirmed by culture, and the activity released upon phagocytosis A method for detecting light emission by oxygen is known.
- CD14 molecule is a glycoprotein identified as one of differentiation markers expressed on monocyte membranes, and is known to have a function as a receptor for LPS (lipopolysaccharide) (non-patented). Reference 1).
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- CD14 molecules membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) expressed on the cell surface.
- mCD14 membrane-bound CD14
- sCD14 soluble CD14
- SCD14 having a molecular weight of about 55 kDa and about 49 kDa is sepsis (SEPSIS), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), etc. It has been reported to show high levels in patients' blood in many diseases. Therefore, it is considered that these sCD14 are not disease-specific markers (Non-Patent Documents 5 to 6). On the other hand, it has been reported that sCD14-ST (soluble CD14 antigen subtype) exists as a new molecular species of sCD14 whose blood concentration is characteristically increased in septic patients.
- SEPSIS sepsis
- AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- SCD14-ST is characterized in that it migrates to a molecular weight of 13 ⁇ 2 kDa in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, and retains the N-terminal part of CD14. Compared with high molecular weight sCD14, it has an amino acid sequence that is largely deleted on the C-terminal side, and unlike high molecular weight sCD14, it does not have LPS binding ability. Moreover, since sCD14-ST shows immunogenicity different from high molecular weight sCD14, both can be distinguished using an antibody. The blood concentration of sCD14-ST specifically increases in septic patients (Patent Document 1).
- Non-patent Document 7 sCD14-ST is a specific diagnostic marker for sepsis, as compared with a patient with systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), which is difficult to distinguish from sepsis, and shows a high level in the blood of a sepsis patient.
- a disease associated with a local phagocytic reaction eg, rheumatoid arthritis
- the degree of phagocytic reaction can be measured by measuring a marker molecule in a sample such as a body fluid, it will be useful for diagnosis of the disease.
- it is easy to measure the humoral factor in the specimen, but no humoral factor having a phagocytosis-specific stability suitable for measurement has been known so far.
- SCD14-ST was known to be a disease marker that is elevated in plasma of sepsis patients, but its production mechanism was not clear. Under such circumstances, the present inventors have found that blood sCD14-ST does not increase in endotoxin-induced rabbit sepsis model animals, but increases in rabbit sepsis model animals (CLP (cecal serosa detachment) model) caused by live bacteria infection. It was. From this experimental fact, it was found that the activation of leukocytes by endotoxin alone is insufficient for the production of sCD14-ST, and the phagocytosis process of bacteria by leukocytes is important.
- CLP rabbit sepsis model animals
- sCD14-ST in vitro, the relationship between various leukocyte stimulating substances and the amount of sCD14-ST produced was examined in detail. As a result, sCD14-ST was produced only when a substance that causes phagocytic activity on leukocytes was added. It was found that it decreases by adding an inhibitory substance. Furthermore, the inventor found that sCD14-ST in the synovial fluid was increased with the onset of arthritis in rabbit arthritis model animals.
- sCD14-ST is a liquid factor that is specific for phagocytosis and has stability suitable for measurement.
- the present invention provides a new method for evaluating the function of phagocytes.
- (1-1) A method for evaluating the function of phagocytic cells, comprising measuring sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells.
- (1-2) The method according to (1-1) above, wherein the phagocytic function is phagocytic ability.
- (1-3) The method according to (1-1) or (1-2) above, which comprises a step of bringing a phagocytic substance into contact with a phagocytic cell.
- (1-4) A method for evaluating the function of phagocytic cells, comprising the following steps: 1) contacting phagocytic cells with phagocytic substances, 2) a step of measuring sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells, and 3) a step of comparing the measured value with a standard value to determine the presence and / or extent of phagocytic phagocytic activity.
- (1-5) The method according to any one of (1-1) to (1-4) above, wherein the phagocytic cells are neutrophils, granulocytes and / or leukocytes.
- the present invention provides various detection / evaluation methods by evaluating the function of a phagocyte derived from a subject.
- a method for detecting a disease accompanied by abnormal phagocytic function by evaluating phagocytic function 1) a step of evaluating the function of a phagocyte derived from a subject by the method according to any one of (1-1) to (1-6) above, 2) a step of comparing the evaluated result with a normal value, and 3) a step of determining the presence and / or extent of a disease depending on whether the function of a phagocyte derived from a subject is higher or lower than the normal value
- a method comprising the steps of:
- An evaluation method of immune function by evaluating the function of phagocytic cells 1) a step of evaluating the function of a phagocyte derived from a subject by the method according to any one of (1-1) to (1-6) above, 2) a step of comparing the evaluated result with a normal value, and 3) a step
- the present invention also provides a screening method for a phagocytic function regulating substance.
- a screening method for a phagocytic function-regulating substance comprising the following steps: 1) A step of bringing a phagocyte into contact with a test substance, 2) a step of measuring sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells, and 3) a step of evaluating the effect of the test substance on the phagocytic ability of phagocytic cells.
- (3-2) The method according to (3-1) above, wherein the phagocytic cell is contacted with the test substance in the presence of a phagocytic substance.
- (3-3) The method according to any one of (3-1) to (3-2) above, wherein the phagocytic cells are neutrophils, granulocytes and / or leukocytes.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting a disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells.
- a method for detecting a disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells comprising the following steps: 1) a step of measuring sCD14-ST contained in a subject-derived specimen (excluding blood), 2) a step of comparing the measured value with a normal value, and 3) a step of determining whether or not the amount of sCD14-ST in the sample is higher than the normal value.
- (4-2) The method according to (4-1) above, wherein sCD14-ST is measured after adding a phagocytic substance to the specimen.
- (4-3) The method according to (4-1) or (4-2) above, wherein the disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells is rheumatoid arthritis and the specimen is joint fluid.
- (4-4) The method according to (4-1) or (4-2) above, wherein the disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells is mastitis, and the specimen is milk.
- (4-5) The method according to any one of (4-1) to (4-4) above, wherein the phagocytic cells are neutrophils, granulocytes and / or leukocytes.
- the function of phagocytic cells can be specifically and easily measured by measuring sCD14-ST, which is a humoral factor released from phagocytic cells upon phagocytosis.
- sCD14-ST which is a humoral factor released from phagocytic cells upon phagocytosis.
- the phagocytosis function-regulating substance can be screened using the measurement system.
- a disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells can be specifically and easily detected.
- the dose-dependent reactivity of recombinant rabbit sCD14-ST in the sCD14-ST measurement system described in Example 3 is shown.
- the horizontal axis represents the recombinant sCD14-ST concentration (pg / mL), and the vertical axis represents the absorbance.
- the measurement result of blood sCD14-ST before and after LPS administration in the LPS-loaded rabbit sepsis model described in Example 4 is shown.
- the vertical axis shows blood sCD14-ST concentration (pg / mL).
- the measurement result of blood sCD14-ST before and after surgery in the rabbit sepsis model due to live bacterial infection described in Example 4 is shown.
- the vertical axis shows blood sCD14-ST concentration (pg / mL).
- the state of sCD14-ST production when rabbit granulocytes described in Example 5 are stimulated with various leukocyte stimulants is shown.
- the mode of high molecular weight sCD14 production when rabbit granulocytes described in Example 5 are stimulated with various leukocyte stimulants is shown.
- the effect of a phagocytic inhibitor on sCD14-ST production when rabbit granulocytes described in Example 5 are stimulated with a phagocytic substance is shown.
- cleaning liquid of a rabbit arthritis model described in Example 6 is shown.
- Example 7 The state of sCD14-ST production when human granulocytes described in Example 7 are stimulated with various leukocyte stimulants is shown.
- sCD14-ST (soluble CD14 antigen subtype)
- the present invention is based on the finding that sCD14-ST is produced in the process of phagocytosing and digesting foreign microorganisms and foreign substances.
- sCD14-ST is characterized in that it migrates to a molecular weight of 13 ⁇ 2 kDa under SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, and retains the amino acid sequence at the N-terminal part of CD14.
- sCD14-ST shows an immunogenicity different from that of high molecular weight sCD14.
- human high molecular weight sCD14 is recognized by 3C10 antibody (ATCC TIB-228), but human sCD14-ST does not bind to 3C10 antibody.
- Such an antibody is a peptide antibody having a peptide at a specific site of sCD14-ST as an epitope.
- the specific site is a region between ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 in the secondary structure of CD14 (Kim et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280: 11347-11351, 2005.).
- human CD14 SEQ ID NO: 1
- rabbit CD14 SEQ ID NO: 2
- mouse CD14 SEQ ID NO: 3
- bovine CD14 (SEQ ID NO: 4), the 36th to 77th amino acid sequence corresponds.
- An antibody is produced using a peptide consisting of a sequence of 8 or more amino acids in the region as a antigen.
- Preferable examples include a peptide consisting of 16 amino acids 53 to 68 of human CD14 and a peptide consisting of 20 amino acids 40 to 59 of rabbit CD14.
- the high molecular weight sCD14 has a ⁇ sheet structure or an ⁇ helix structure in the ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4 region (including ⁇ 3- ⁇ 2- ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4), but sCD14-ST is largely lacking on the C-terminal side compared to the high molecular weight sCD14. Since it has the lost sequence, the original three-dimensional structure cannot be maintained in the ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4 region, and the difference in the three-dimensional structure is considered to cause a difference in antibody recognition. It is done.
- sCD14-ST is characterized by being migrated to a molecular weight of 13 ⁇ 2 kDa in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, and in addition to retaining the amino acid sequence at the N-terminal part of CD14, it has a specific immunogenicity Can be characterized by.
- the specific immunogenicity is recognized by an antibody prepared using a peptide consisting of a sequence of 8 or more amino acids in the ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4 region of CD14 as an antigen.
- sCD14-ST is a factor that specifically increases blood concentration in sepsis due to live bacterial infection or in a sepsis model.
- human sCD14-ST migrates to a molecular weight of 13 ⁇ 2 kDa in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, and has the first to eighth amino acid sequences of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 at the N-terminal sequence. 1. It specifically binds to an antibody that binds to a peptide consisting of the 16th amino acid residue at positions 53 to 68 of the amino acid sequence described in 1.
- an antibody that binds to a peptide consisting of the 17th to 26th amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, does not bind to 3C10 antibody, does not bind to MEM-18 antibody, LPS binding ability Any one or more of the following characteristics may be added: absence of sucrose, obtainability from human serum, and specific increase in blood concentration in septic patients.
- sCD14-ST retains the amino acid sequence at the N-terminal part of CD14, when sCD14-ST is isolated and analyzed for the N-terminal amino acid sequence, it has the same amino acid sequence as the N-terminal part of CD14. Can be confirmed. It suffices that at least the first to eighth amino acid sequences from the N-terminus are identical. For example, in the case of humans, it can be confirmed that the first to eighth sequences of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 are held at the N-terminus. 1 to 8 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 for rabbits, 1 to 8 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 for mice, and 1 to 8 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 for bovines. Is held at the N end.
- the phagocytic cells in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are cells derived from mammals and have phagocytic activity, but neutrophils are preferred.
- white blood cells or granulocytes may be used as a sample containing neutrophils.
- An isolated cell line having a function of differentiating into granulocytes may be used, and HL-60 is mentioned as an example.
- mammals include humans, rabbits, mice, rats, monkeys, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, dogs and cats.
- Phagocytic cells can be prepared from body fluids such as blood, tissue fluid, lymph fluid, joint fluid, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, pus, saliva, tear fluid, mucus, nasal discharge, sputum, urine, ascites, amniotic fluid, semen and the like. It can also be prepared from a washing solution after washing the nasal cavity, bronchi, lungs, skin, abdominal cavity, various organs, joints, bones and the like. In addition, phagocytic cells can be prepared from tissues such as skin, lungs, kidneys and mucous membranes.
- phagocytic cells When preparing phagocytic cells from a living body, only phagocytic cells may be strictly isolated or used, or a fraction containing phagocytic cells may be prepared and used. For example, leukocytes prepared from blood, granulocytes prepared from blood, granulocytes prepared from an abdominal cavity washing solution, and the like can be used as phagocytic cells used in the method of the present invention.
- a phagocytic function is a physiological function possessed by a phagocytic cell.
- phagocytic ability is used as an index of phagocyte activity, and phagocytic function is evaluated.
- phagocytic cells have various functions such as cytokine production ability and migration ability, but the common function of phagocytic cells is phagocytic ability. Therefore, phagocytic ability is preferably used as an index to determine whether or not phagocytic cells have normal functions as cells.
- evaluating the phagocytic ability of phagocytic cells leads to evaluating the immune function of phagocytic cells.
- one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is a method for measuring the phagocytic ability of neutrophils, granulocytes and / or leukocytes.
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating immune function by measuring the phagocytic ability of neutrophils, granulocytes and / or leukocytes.
- the phagocytic function evaluation method of the present invention is characterized by measuring sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells.
- sCD14-ST is useful as a marker for evaluating phagocytic cell function.
- Phagocytic cells produce sCD14-ST with phagocytic activity. Phagocytosis of phagocytic cells begins with the contact of phagocytic cells with phagocytic substances.
- the phagocytic substance causes phagocytic activity in phagocytic cells
- the phagocytic activity here means at least the process of phagocytic substance uptake (phagocytosis) by the phagocytic cell and the process of digesting the incorporated substance in the cell.
- phagocytic substances that are taken up and digested by phagocytic cells include bacterial bodies such as bacteria and fungi, zymosan, and the like.
- substances that are not digested even if taken up such as microbeads and latex beads, do not correspond to the phagocytic substances in the present invention.
- SCD14-ST is measured on a solution containing phagocytes or the supernatant of the solution.
- the solution here refers to a medium, a cell fraction, a cell assay solution, a physiological saline, a body fluid, and the like.
- the prepared phagocyte-containing solution or its supernatant can be directly measured to Can evaluate functions.
- the phagocytic substance When the phagocytic substance is brought into contact with the phagocytic cell, the phagocytic substance may be added to the solution containing the phagocytic cell. Or you may add the solution containing a phagocytic cell to the container by which the phagocytic substance was couple
- the phagocytic substance zymozan is preferably used from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- the measurement of sCD14-ST is not particularly limited as long as it can detect sCD14-ST, but it is preferably measured by an immunological measurement system using an antibody that specifically binds to sCD14-ST.
- the immunological measurement system can be preferably selected from a direct adsorption method, a sandwich method, an aggregation method, a solid phase binding method, a solution reaction method, and the like.
- a particularly preferred method is the sandwich method (sandwich immunoassay).
- Sandwich immunoassay is a method of measuring by forming an antibody-antigen-antibody complex using two or more types of antibodies that recognize different sites of the protein to be measured.
- a known technique can be used for the sandwich immunoassay.
- For the principle, application, and improvement of the measurement method see, for example, “Super Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay” written by Eiji Ishikawa, Society of Publishing Press (1993), edited by Nao Matsuhashi et al. "Application to therapeutic drug development", Management Education Publishing (1985), Eiji Ishikawa et al., “Enzyme Immunoassay” (3rd edition), Medical School (1987).
- An antibody that specifically binds to sCD14-ST is an antibody that binds to a peptide consisting of a sequence of 8 or more amino acids in the region between ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 in the secondary structure of CD14.
- examples of such antibodies include the S68 antibody described in International Publication WO2005 / 108429, the F1301-9-1 antibody described in Example 1 of the present specification, and the like.
- sandwich immunoassay another kind of antibody is required, but the specificity is not particularly limited as long as it is an antibody that binds to sCD14-ST.
- Antibodies that recognize both high molecular weight sCD14 and sCD14-ST can also be used.
- antibodies examples include the F1106-13-3 antibody and the F1031-8-3 antibody described in International Publication WO2005 / 108429, the F1258-7-2 antibody described in Example 2 of the present specification, and the like. It is done. These antibodies may be polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies, and are not particularly limited. When using a sandwich immunoassay, monoclonal antibodies are preferred. Further, it may be a fragment of the monoclonal antibody. The antibody fragment referred to here is one of Fab, Fab ′, and F (ab ′) 2 of the monoclonal antibody.
- a complex of sCD14-ST and an antibody is formed, and then the presence of sCD14-ST is measured by detecting the formed complex with a label.
- the label may be peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -D-galactosidase, oxidase, uricase, or other enzyme, acridinium or a derivative thereof, chemiluminescent material such as aequorin or a variant thereof, FITC, europium (Eu), or samarium (Sm).
- Fluorescent substances such as lanthanoids, dyes, colloidal gold, colored latex, or isotopes may be used.
- a chemiluminescent substance, a fluorescent substance, a colored label, or an isotope When a chemiluminescent substance, a fluorescent substance, a colored label, or an isotope is used as a label, it can be optically measured by a measuring instrument corresponding to the label.
- a dye, gold colloid or colored latex is used as a label and measurement is performed with a kit using an immunochromatography method or a flow-through method, the measurement can be performed visually.
- kits can also be provided in the form of a kit.
- the kit includes an antibody that specifically binds to sCD14-ST as an essential element, and further includes a component for detecting a complex formed after forming a complex of sCD14-ST and an antibody.
- insoluble carriers plastic plates, latex particles, etc.
- labeling enzymes such as peroxidase
- labeling substances such as gold colloids
- coloring substances such as tetramethylbenzine (TMB), and the like for increasing detection sensitivity
- TMB tetramethylbenzine
- Specific binding substances such as biotin-streptavidin, blocking agents, diluents, washing solutions, standard substances, etc. may be included.
- sCD14-ST Qualitatively and / or quantitatively measure sCD14-ST in a solution containing phagocytes or in the supernatant of the solution.
- the measured result is compared with a standard value to determine the presence and / or amount of sCD14-ST.
- the presence and / or extent of phagocytic activity of phagocytes is determined from the presence and / or amount of sCD14-ST.
- the standard value can be appropriately determined according to the purpose of measurement. For example, a negative standard value is a measured value of a solution containing no phagocytic cells, a solution before contact with a phagocytic substance, or the supernatant of those solutions.
- a calibration curve obtained from a measured value of a standard substance of sCD14-ST can be used as a standard value.
- the phagocytic ability of phagocytes is evaluated by comparing the measured value of the sample with a calibration curve and quantifying sCD14-ST in the sample.
- the level of phagocytic function in the sample, the degree of activation, and the like can be evaluated.
- sCD14-ST purified from blood, sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic stimulation of phagocytes, recombinant sCD14-ST, peptide synthesized sCD14-ST, etc. can be used.
- a method for purifying sCD14-ST and a method for producing a recombinant are described in International Publication No. WO2005 / 108429.
- phagocytic cells When phagocytic cells are used for regenerative medicine, they can be used as an index for evaluating cell quality.
- An evaluation step may be included, and the presence and / or degree of the disease is determined based on the step of comparing the evaluation result with a normal value, and whether the function of the phagocyte derived from the subject is higher or lower than the normal value.
- a process can further be included.
- the normal value is obtained by measuring the function of a phagocytic cell derived from a subject not suffering from a disease in advance, that is, a normal subject, and taking the average value or range of the measurement result. Standardized values can be used. In comparing the measured value of the sample with the normal value, it is possible to compare the level as it is, but the measured value of the sample is higher than the cut-off value with the average value ⁇ 2SD or ⁇ 3SD of normal subjects as the cut-off value. Or when it is low, it can be judged that there is a dysfunction of phagocytes. The degree of disease progression and / or disease severity can also be evaluated based on the magnitude of the measured value.
- Diseases with phagocytic dysfunction include, for example, uremia, decreased serum opsonin activity, complement deficiency, congenital phagocytic dysfunction, chronic granulomas, myeloperoxidase deficiency, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, bacterial intracardiac Examples include membrane inflammation, diabetes, and cirrhosis.
- Chronic granuloma is a congenital phagocytic dysfunction that is deficient in the production of active oxygen in neutrophils and thus repeats severe bacterial and fungal infections.
- Neutrophils derived from patients with chronic granulomas have phagocytosis (foreign substance uptake) but no digestive function. Therefore, abnormalities cannot be detected by examination using latex bead uptake, but abnormal phagocytic functions can be detected by phagocytic evaluation using sCD14-ST production as an index.
- the method for evaluating immune function is the same as that for detecting / evaluating diseases associated with phagocytic dysfunction described above.
- the function of phagocytic cells, particularly phagocytosis is an important biological defense mechanism that works at the earliest stage in the immune response of the living body, and dysfunctional functions of phagocytes lead to abnormal immune functions. What is necessary is just to apply dysfunction of a phagocyte as an immune function.
- Method for evaluating phagocytic function The step of evaluating the function of phagocytic cells can be included, the step of comparing the evaluated result with the normal value and / or the evaluation result before administration of the drug, and the function of the phagocyte derived from the subject by administration of the drug.
- the method may further include a step of determining the presence and / or degree of the change.
- the normal value here is a result of measuring the function of a phagocyte derived from a normal subject, and is as described above.
- an immunosuppressant, immunostimulant, anticancer agent, etc. is administered, whether the drug is acting effectively by detecting changes in phagocyte function during and / or after drug administration, Alternatively, it is possible to confirm how many side effects are caused by the drug, and it is possible to obtain useful guidelines for drug selection and dosage.
- the degree of effect of a drug can be evaluated using the degree of change in phagocyte function, that is, the magnitude or smallness of change in the amount of sCD14-ST production. For example, the phagocytic ability of neutrophils in peripheral blood can be compared before and after the administration of G-CSF to evaluate how much normal functioning neutrophils have increased by the administration of G-CSF.
- phagocytic cells When phagocytic cells are used for regenerative medicine, when the quality of the cells is evaluated, the phagocytic ability of the phagocytic cells used is measured using sCD14-ST production as an index, so that the cells have normal functions and / or Alternatively, cell activity can be assessed.
- Regenerative medicine here refers to autologous cell transplantation in which autologous leukocytes are cultured and treated outside the body and then returned to the subject, and autologous cell transplantation in which leukocytes from normal donors are transplanted into patients. It is done. After preparing cells for transplantation, the method described in the section of “2. Method for evaluating the function of phagocytes” can be used to test whether the cells have a certain quality.
- the function of the prepared cells is compared with a reference value, and if the reference value is satisfied, it is determined that the quality is usable.
- the reference value can be appropriately set according to the purpose of regenerative medicine, but it is usually sufficient to compare with the phagocytic ability of normal phagocytic cells. When it is lower than the reference value, it can be judged that the quality is not suitable for transplantation because the function of the phagocytic cell or the activity of the cell is lost in the preparation process.
- the phagocytic function regulating substance can be screened using the method described in the above section “2. That is, the present invention provides a screening method for a phagocytic function-regulating substance, which comprises the following steps. 1) A step of bringing a phagocyte into contact with a test substance, 2) a step of measuring sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells, and 3) a step of evaluating the effect of the test substance on the phagocytic ability of phagocytic cells. In the step of 1) contacting the phagocytic cell with the test substance, the phagocytic cell and the test substance may be contacted in the presence of the phagocytic substance.
- a phagocytic function-regulating substance is a substance that promotes or suppresses phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells.
- sCD14-ST produced by phagocytic cells is measured by contacting phagocytic cells using wortmannin or cytochalasin D as known test substances, which are known phagocytic function-inhibiting substances.
- wortmannin or cytochalasin D as known test substances
- a substance to be examined for phagocytic function regulating activity can be contacted with phagocytic cells as a test substance, and the effect on phagocytic ability can be evaluated using the production amount of sCD14-ST as an index.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting a disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells.
- the detection method measures sCD14-ST contained in a specimen derived from a subject, compares the measured value with a normal value, and determines whether or not the amount of sCD14-ST in the specimen is higher than the normal value.
- the subject is not particularly limited as long as it is a mammal, but can be a mammal such as a human, monkey, rat, mouse, rabbit, cow, pig, sheep, goat, horse, dog, or cat.
- a disease associated with phagocytosis by phagocytic cells is a disease in which phagocytic activity by phagocytic cells occurs in the affected area.
- it is a disease in which local autoimmune reactions and phagocytosis associated with infection occur.
- local diseases such as autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, mastitis, gout, glomerulonephritis, ulcerative colitis, Mediterranean fever, otitis media, rhinitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cystitis, amniotic fluid infection, or purulosis
- diseases associated with systemic infection and sepsis are excluded.
- Samples include body fluids such as tissue fluid, lymph fluid, joint fluid, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, pus, saliva, tears, mucus, runny nose, sputum, urine, ascites, amniotic fluid, semen, nasal cavity, bronchial, lung, skin
- body fluids such as tissue fluid, lymph fluid, joint fluid, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, pus, saliva, tears, mucus, runny nose, sputum, urine, ascites, amniotic fluid, semen, nasal cavity, bronchial, lung, skin
- a washing solution after washing the abdominal cavity, various organs, joints, bones and the like can be used.
- blood is excluded in the present invention.
- the measuring method of sCD14-ST is the above-mentioned 2.
- a normal value use a value that is standardized by, for example, obtaining a result obtained by measuring a specimen from a subject who does not suffer from a disease in advance, that is, a normal subject, and taking an average value or a range of the measurement result. Can do. If the measured value of a sample from a normal subject is almost the same as the background value of the measurement system, standardize the value by setting the average value or range of the background value in the measurement system. It may be used.
- the background value in the measurement system is a measurement value when a buffer or an assay solution is added to the measurement system instead of a specimen.
- the level In comparing the measured value of the sample with the normal value, the level can be compared as it is, but when the measured value of the sample is higher than the cutoff value with the average value + 2SD or + 3SD of normal subjects as the cutoff value, It can also be judged as positive. Further, it can be determined that the higher the measured value, the higher the degree of progression of the disease and / or the degree of serious injury of the disease.
- Specimens may or may not contain phagocytic cells.
- the degree of phagocytosis in vivo that is, the presence and / or degree of disease can be evaluated. This is one of the reasons that sCD14-ST produced as a result of phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells in vivo is present in the specimen.
- sCD14-ST produced as a result of phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells in vivo is present in the specimen.
- diseases associated with inflammation in the joint specifically rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periarthritis, etc. Diagnosis is possible. This is one of the reasons that an increase in sCD14-ST concentration in joint fluid or joint washing fluid can be detected.
- a phagocytic substance may be added to the specimen and the produced sCD14-ST may be measured.
- a phagocytic substance can be added to milk and sCD14-ST produced can be measured to diagnose mastitis. It is particularly useful for detecting bovine mastitis.
- Example 1 Preparation of F1301-9-1 Antibody Using Synthetic Peptide as Antigen 1-
- Peptide as Antigen Sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (Sequence from Position 40 to Position 59 of Rabbit CD14 Amino Acid Sequence)
- cysteine was inserted into the N-terminus and synthesized using a peptide synthesizer ABI433A (Applied Biosystems). Purification by a conventional method gave 2-3 mg as a purified peptide.
- peptide prepared in 1- (1) is dissolved in distilled water at 10 mg / mL, mixed with an equal amount of 10 mg / mL Image Maleimide Activated Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (PIERCE), and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours.
- BSA Image Maleimide Activated Bovine Serum Albumin
- the peptide and the carrier protein were bound (referred to as peptide-BSA of SEQ ID NO: 5).
- peptide-KLH of SEQ ID NO: 5 was diluted with 200 ⁇ L of physiological saline and again administered to the footpad.
- lymphocytes were separated from the iliac lymph nodes, and the resulting lymphocytes were mixed with Sp2 / O-Ag14 (ATCC CRL-1581), and then using the polyethylene glycol Minami Ando and Takeshi Chiba / work Cell fusion was performed according to the method described in “Introduction to Monoclonal Antibody Experimental Procedures” (Kodansha). Hybridomas were selected using a HAT medium, and one week later, hybridomas producing the desired antibody were selected by ELISA.
- the peptide-BSA of SEQ ID NO: 5 was diluted to 10 ⁇ g / mL with 0.076 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (hereinafter referred to as D-PBS), and 50 ⁇ L / well on an immunoplate (Maxisorb, Nunc). Added. After reacting overnight at 4 ° C., it was washed 5 times with ion-exchanged water. 100 ⁇ L of D-PBS (pH 7.4) containing 2% Stabilgurd was added to each well for blocking. Next, the culture supernatant of the hybridoma was added to each well and reacted at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by washing with physiological saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 three times.
- D-PBS 0.076 M phosphate buffer
- Peroxidase-labeled anti-rat immunoglobulin antibody was diluted 1000-fold with D-PBS (pH 7.4) containing 10% rabbit serum, and 50 ⁇ L was added to each well. After reacting at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, it was washed three times in the same manner. A TMB solution (BioFX) was added to each well, reacted at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then stopped with a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. Absorbance at 450 nm was measured with a plate spectrophotometer (NJ-2100, Nippon Intermed). Cells in wells where an increase in absorbance was observed were selected and cloned by the limiting dilution method. After 11 days, screening was carried out in the same manner to obtain clone F1301-9-1 producing an antibody that reacts with the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 5.
- Example 3 Production of Rabbit sCD14-ST Measurement System
- the antibodies described in Examples 1- (4) and 2- (4) were used.
- a sandwich ELISA system was made.
- the pepsin-treated antibody was applied to Prosep G (Millipore), and the adsorbed fraction was acid-eluted. Further, this adsorbed fraction was subjected to Superdex 200 (Amersham) to remove uncut antibody, and F (ab ′) 2 of F1258-7-2 was obtained. Purified F (ab ′) 2 was subjected to SDS-PAGE to confirm the purity, and protein quantification was performed using Protein Assay Dye Reagent (BioRad) with bovine serum IgG as a standard.
- F1258-7-2 F (ab ′) 2 antibody thus obtained was partially reduced using Peroxidase Labeling Kit SH (Dojindo Laboratories), and the cysteine residue present in the hinge part was labeled with Peroxidase to give F1258-7.
- -2 Fab'-HRP was prepared.
- F1258-7-2 Fab′-HRP was diluted with 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.4) containing 4% rat serum and 0.05% Tween 20, and 50 ⁇ L was added to each well. After reacting at 25 ° C. for 2 hours, it was washed 5 times in the same manner. Tetramethylbenzidine solution (TMB, BioFX) was added to each well and reacted at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction was stopped with a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution, and the absorbance at 450 nm was measured with a plate spectrophotometer (NJ-2100, Nippon Intermed). Recombinant rabbit sCD14-ST was used as a standard substance.
- TMB Tetramethylbenzidine solution
- Example 4 Production examination of sCD14-ST in a rabbit animal model 4-
- LPS-loaded rabbit sepsis model was New Zealand White (1.8-2.6 kg, Kitayama Labes) LPS (Salmoella Minnesota Re595, Sigma) was administered into the ear vein at a dose of 10 ⁇ g / kg. Blood was collected from the auricular artery (citric acid addition) before LPS administration and 1.5 hours after administration.
- CLP model live rabbit infection model
- the rabbit CLP (cecal ligation and puncture) model was prepared by performing surgical operations on New Zealand White species (1.8-2.6 kg, Kitayama Labes). . That is, the animals fasted overnight were anesthetized by administering 0.35 mg / kg of domitol (medetomidine hydrochloride, Meiji Seika) and 5 mg / kg of ketal for animals (ketamine, Sankyo) into the ear vein. After the abdomen was incised and the cecum was brought out of the abdominal cavity, the downstream of the ileocecum was squeezed with a suture, and two incisions were made with an ophthalmic scissors to a width of about 2 cm.
- domitol medetomidine hydrochloride, Meiji Seika
- ketal for animals ketamine, Sankyo
- the cecum was pushed with tweezers and it was confirmed that the contents of the cecum emerged from the puncture hole.
- the cecum was returned to the abdominal cavity, and the peritoneum and skin were closed with sutures.
- physiological saline was subcutaneously administered at 50 mL / kg.
- antisedan atipamezole hydrochloride, Meiji Seika
- Blood was collected from the auricular artery (citric acid addition) before and 2 hours after the operation for preparing the CLP model.
- Example 5 Phagocytosis experiment using rabbit peritoneal exudate granulocytes 5- (1) Collection of rabbit peritoneal exudate granulocytes Glycogen was dissolved in physiological saline to a concentration of 0.1%. 150 mL of this was administered intraperitoneally to a New Zealand white rabbit (Kitayama Labes) male, 1.64-1.92 kg. 16 hours after administration, the rabbits were euthanized by excessive anesthesia, and the abdominal cavity was washed with physiological saline to collect granulocytes.
- Example 5- (2) Production of sCD14-ST by various stimulants Various leukocyte stimulants were added to granulocytes to evaluate the amount of sCD14-ST produced. That is, the rabbit peritoneal exudate granulocytes collected in Example 5- (1) were concentrated in HBSS buffer (GIBCO 14025) (hereinafter referred to as cell assay buffer) containing 2% normal rabbit serum, 2 mM Glutamin, 10 mM HEPES. It suspended so that it might become 1 * 10 ⁇ 7 > Cells / mL, and 100 microliters was added to each well of a 96-well culture plate (Nunclon Surface, Nunc).
- Example 5- (3) Effects of various inhibitors on sCD14-ST production
- Example 5- (2) it was suggested that the phagocytic activity of granulocytes was involved in the production of rabbit sCD14-ST. Therefore, the relationship between sCD14-ST production and phagocytosis was examined using various phagocytosis inhibitors. That is, the rabbit peritoneal exudate granulocytes collected in Example 5- (1) were suspended in a cell assay buffer so as to have a cell concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 7 Cells / mL, and a 48-well culture plate (48 Well Cell Culture cluster, 200 ⁇ L was added to each well of Corning.
- Example 6 Measurement of sCD14-ST in synovial fluid of rabbit arthritis model 6- (1) Preparation of methylated BSA 1 g of BSA (SIGMA) was dissolved in 100 mL of D-PBS (pH 7.4) containing 4% Paraformaldehyde. Then, the pH was adjusted to 8.5 using an alkali, and then reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. Next, 80 mg of sodium borohydride was added and subjected to a reduction reaction at 4 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, the buffer was exchanged with D-PBS (pH 7.4) using an ultra membrane.
- D-PBS pH 7.4
- each rabbit blood sample (serum) subjected to the test in Example 6- (3) was diluted with D-PBS (pH 7.4) containing 1% StabilGuard (SurModics), and 100 ⁇ L was added to each well. did. After reacting at room temperature for 1 hour, it was washed 5 times with physiological saline containing 0.05% Tene20.
- peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibody (DAKO, P448) was diluted 1000-fold with D-PBS containing 5% goat serum, and 50 ⁇ L was added to each well. After reacting at room temperature for 1 hour, the plate was washed 5 times in the same manner, and TMB solution (BioFX) was added to each well. After 10 minutes of reaction at room temperature, the reaction was stopped with a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution, and the absorbance at 450 nm was measured with a plate spectrophotometer (Multiscan JX, Dainippon Pharmaceutical).
- methylated BSA 5 mg
- 500 ⁇ L of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (DIFCO) were mixed with the antigen-sensitized group for resensitization.
- the solvent which did not add methylated BSA was similarly administered with respect to the solvent control group.
- blood was collected from the rabbit ear artery and the antibody titer in blood was measured by the ELISA method of Example 6- (2) to confirm that sensitization was established in the antigen-sensitized group.
- methylated BSA was adjusted to 5 mg / mL with D-PBS (pH 7.4), and 1 mL was administered into the knee joint cavity of the antigen-sensitized group to induce arthritis.
- Example 7- (2) Production of sCD14-ST by granulocyte phagocytic activity
- Various leukocyte stimulants were added to granulocytes to evaluate the amount of sCD14-ST produced. That is, the human peripheral blood granulocytes collected in Example 7- (1) were placed in RPMI1640 medium (SIGMA R8758) containing 10% normal human serum, 2 mM Glutamin, 10 mM HEPES, 10 ng / ml G-CSF at a cell concentration of 0.5 ⁇ . It suspended so that it might become 10 ⁇ 7 > Cells / mL.
- SIGMA R8758 RPMI1640 medium
- sandwich assay kit comprising an antibody (S68 antibody) that specifically recognizes human sCD14-ST and binds to a peptide consisting of amino acid sequences 53 to 68 of human CD14.
- another antibody used was a peroxidase-labeled antibody (F1106-13-3) that binds to a peptide consisting of amino acid sequences 17 to 26 of human CD14.
- F1106-13-3 peroxidase-labeled antibody
- sCD14-ST was increased in the phagocytic stimulant (E. coli or zymosan) as in Example 5, but not in LPS or microbeads.
- Example 7- (3) of International Publication WO2005 / 108429 The result is shown in FIG. In the same manner as in Example 5- (3), Wortomannin and Cytochalasin D inhibited the production of sCD14-ST.
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Abstract
Description
一方、敗血症患者において特徴的に血中濃度が上昇する、新たなsCD14の分子種として、sCD14-ST(可溶性CD14抗原サブタイプ)が存在することが報告されている。
(1-1)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定することを特徴とする、食細胞の機能評価方法。
(1-2)食細胞の機能が、貪食能である、上記(1-1)に記載の方法。
(1-3)食細胞に貪食物質を接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする、上記(1-1)または(1-2)に記載の方法。
(1-4)下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、食細胞の機能評価方法、
1)食細胞と貪食物質を接触させる工程、
2)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定する工程、および
3)測定値を標準値と比較し、食細胞の貪食活動の有無および/または程度を判定する工程。
(1-5)食細胞が、好中球、顆粒球および/または白血球である、上記(1-1)乃至(1-4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(1-6)食細胞が顆粒球であり、食細胞の機能が貪食能である、上記(1-1)乃至(1-4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
また、本発明は、sCD14-STを含有する食細胞の機能を評価するためのマーカーである。
(2-1)食細胞の機能を評価することによる食細胞の機能異常を伴う疾患の検出方法であって、
1)上記(1-1)乃至(1-6)のいずれかに記載の方法により、被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)被験体由来の食細胞の機能が正常値より高値または低値であるかにより疾患の有無および/または程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
(2-2)食細胞の機能を評価することによる免疫機能の評価方法であって、
1)上記(1-1)乃至(1-6)のいずれかに記載の方法により、被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)被験体由来の食細胞の機能が正常値より高値または低値であるかにより免疫機能の程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
(2-3)食細胞の機能を評価することによる薬剤の効果の評価方法であって、
1)上記(1-1)乃至(1-6)のいずれかに記載の方法により、薬剤投与中および/または薬剤投与後の被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値および/または薬剤投与前の評価結果と比較する工程、および
3)薬剤の投与による被験体由来の食細胞の機能の変化の有無および/または程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
(2-4)移植用の食細胞の品質を評価する方法であって、
1)上記(1-1)乃至(1-6)のいずれかに記載の方法により、移植用の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を基準値と比較する工程、および
3)移植用の食細胞の機能が基準値を満たしているかを判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
(2-5)食細胞が、好中球、顆粒球および/または白血球である、上記(2-1)乃至(2-4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(2-6)食細胞の機能が、貪食能である、上記(2-1)乃至(2-5)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(2-7)食細胞が顆粒球であり、食細胞の機能が貪食能である、上記(2-1)乃至(2-4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(3-1)下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、貪食機能調節物質のスクリーニング方法、
1)食細胞と被験物質を接触させる工程、
2)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定する工程、および
3)食細胞の貪食能に対する被験物質の効果を評価する工程。
(3-2)貪食物質の存在下で、食細胞と被験物質を接触させることを特徴とする上記(3-1)に記載の方法。
(3-3)食細胞が、好中球、顆粒球および/または白血球である、上記(3-1)乃至(3-2)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(4-1)下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患の検出方法、
1)被験体由来の検体(血液を除く)に含まれるsCD14-STを測定する工程、
2)測定した値を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)検体中のsCD14-STの量が正常値より高値であるか否かを判定する工程。
(4-2)検体に貪食物質を添加後、sCD14-STを測定することを特徴とする、上記(4-1)に記載の方法。
(4-3)食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患が関節リウマチであり、検体が関節液である、上記(4-1)または(4-2)に記載の方法。
(4-4)食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患が乳房炎であり、検体が乳汁である、上記(4-1)または(4-2)に記載の方法。
(4-5)食細胞が、好中球、顆粒球および/または白血球である、上記(4-1)乃至(4-4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
本発明は、食細胞が、外来微生物や異物を貪食し、消化する過程で、sCD14-STが産生されることを見出したことに基づいている。sCD14-STは、sCD14のうち、非還元条件下SDS-PAGEにおいて分子量13±2kDaに泳動されることを特徴とし、CD14のN端部のアミノ酸配列を保持しているものである。また、sCD14-STは、高分子量sCD14とは異なる免疫原性を示す。たとえば、ヒト高分子量sCD14は、3C10抗体(ATCC TIB-228)により認識されるが、ヒトsCD14-STは3C10抗体に結合しない。
本発明における食細胞は、哺乳類由来の、貪食活性を持つ細胞であれば特に限定されないが、好中球が好適である。調製のしやすさから、好中球を含む試料として、白血球や顆粒球を用いてもよい。顆粒球へ分化する機能を有している単離された細胞株でもよく、例としてHL-60が挙げられる。哺乳類としては、ヒト、ウサギ、マウス、ラット、サル、ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウマ、イヌ、ネコなどが挙げられる。
前記の「2.食細胞の機能評価方法」の項に説明した方法を用いて、被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価することにより、以下の検出・評価が可能となる。
A)被験体が食細胞の機能異常を伴う疾患に罹患しているかどうか、疾患の進行度、および/または疾患の重傷度を検出・評価できる。
B)被験体の免疫機能の低下、亢進などの変化もしくは異常の有無および/または程度を検出・評価できる。
C)薬剤投与中および/または薬剤投与後の被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価することで、薬剤の効果を検出・評価できる。
D)食細胞を再生医療に用いるにあたって、細胞の品質評価の指標とすることができる。
前記の「2.食細胞の機能評価方法」の項に説明した方法を用いて、貪食機能調節物質のスクリーニングを行うことができる。すなわち、本発明は、下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、貪食機能調節物質のスクリーニング方法を提供する。
1)食細胞と被験物質を接触させる工程、
2)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定する工程、および
3)食細胞の貪食能に対する被験物質の効果を評価する工程。
なお、1)食細胞と被験物質を接触させる工程に際して、貪食物質の存在下で、食細胞と被験物質を接触させてもよい。
本発明は、また、食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患の検出方法を提供する。該検出方法は、被験体由来の検体に含まれるsCD14-STを測定し、その測定した値を正常値と比較し、該検体中のsCD14-STの量が正常値より高値であるか否かを判定して、被験体が食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患に罹患しているかどうか、疾患の進行度、および/または疾患の重傷度を検出できる。
正常値としては、予め疾患に罹患していない被験体、すなわち正常な被験体由来の検体を測定した結果を求めておき、その測定結果の平均値もしくは範囲をとる等により標準化した値を用いることができる。正常な被験体由来の検体の測定値が、測定系のバックグラウンドの値とほぼ同等になるような場合は、測定系におけるバックグラウンドの値の平均値もしくは範囲を設定する等により標準化した値を用いてもよい。測定系におけるバックグラウンドの値とは、検体ではなくバッファーやアッセイ溶液などを測定系に添加した場合の測定値である。検体の測定値と正常値を比較するにあたっては、そのまま高低を比較することができるが、正常被験体の平均値+2SDまたは+3SDをカットオフ値として、カットオフ値より検体の測定値が高い場合、陽性と判断することもできる。また、測定値が大きいほど、疾患の進行度、および/または疾患の重傷度が高いと判断することができる。
1-(1)抗原とするペプチドの調製
配列番号5に記載の配列(ウサギCD14アミノ酸配列の40位から59位の配列に該当)からなるペプチドを、N末端でSH基を介してキャリア蛋白質と結合させるため、N末端にシステインを挿入してペプチド合成機ABI433A(アプライドバイオシステムズ)を用いて合成した。定法により精製し、精製ペプチドとして2~3mgを得た。
1-(1)で調製したペプチドを蒸留水で10mg/mLに溶解し、10mg/mLのImject Maleimide Activated Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin(KLH)(PIERCE)と等量混合し室温で2時間反応することで、ペプチドとキャリア蛋白質を結合した(以下、配列番号5のペプチド-KLHと記す)。また1-(1)で調製したペプチドを蒸留水で10mg/mLに溶解し、10mg/mLのImject Maleimide Activated Bovine Serum Albumin(BSA)(PIERCE)と等量混合し室温で2時間反応することで、ペプチドとキャリア蛋白質を結合した(配列番号5のペプチド-BSAと記す)。
1-(1)で調製したペプチドに対するモノクローナル抗体を作製するため、配列番号5のペプチド-KLHを用いてラットを免疫した。すなわち、配列番号5のペプチド-KLH各100μgを100μLの生理食塩水で希釈した後、100μLのフロインド完全アジュバント(DIFCO)と等量混合した。これをWistar rat(日本エスエルシー)メス8週令のフットパッド内に各100μLずつ投与した。11日後、配列番号5のペプチド-KLH 100μgを200μLの生理食塩水で希釈し、再度フットパッドに投与した。さらに3日後、腸骨リンパ節よりリンパ球を分離し、得られたリンパ球をSp2/O-Ag14(ATCC CRL-1581)と混合した後、ポリエチレングリコールを用いて安東民衛・千葉丈/著「単クローン抗体実験操作入門」(講談社)に記載の方法にしたがって細胞融合を行った。HAT培地によりハイブリドーマを選択し、1週間後、目的の抗体を産生しているハイブリドーマをELISA法にて選定した。すなわち、0.076Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)(以下D-PBSと記載)で配列番号5のペプチド-BSAを10μg/mLに希釈し、イムノプレート(Maxisorb、Nunc)に50μL/ウエルで添加した。4℃で一晩反応後、イオン交換水で5回洗浄した。2%Stabilgurdを含むD-PBS(pH7.4)を各ウエルに100μL添加してブロッキングした。次にハイブリドーマの培養上清を各ウエルに添加して37℃で1時間反応させた後、0.05%Tween20を含む生理食塩水で3回洗浄した。ペルオキシダーゼ標識抗ラットイムノグロブリン抗体(DAKO)を10%ウサギ血清を含むD-PBS(pH7.4)で1000倍に希釈し、各ウエルに50μL添加した。37℃で1時間反応後、同様に3回洗浄した。TMB溶液(BioFX)を各ウエルに添加し、室温で10分間反応後、0.5M硫酸溶液で反応を停止した。プレート分光光度計(NJ-2100、日本インターメッド)で450nmの吸光度を測定した。吸光度の上昇が認められたウエルの細胞を選択し、限界希釈法によりクローニングを行った。11日後、同様にスクリーニングを行い、配列番号5のペプチドと反応する抗体を産生するクローンF1301-9-1を得た。
1-(3)で得たクローンF1301-9-1をSFM培地(GIBCO)にて3Lスケールで培養した。この培養上清を0.45μmのフィルターに供して細胞を取り除いた後に、Protein Gカラムに供した。次いで、吸着画分を酸溶出し、直ちに1/10倍量の1M Tris-HCl(pH8.0)を添加する事により中和した。溶出液を限外膜にて生理食塩水にバッファー交換し、精製抗体とした。
2-(1)抗原とするペプチドの調製
配列番号6に記載の配列(ウサギCD14アミノ酸配列の1位から30位の配列に該当)からなるペプチドを、N末端でSH基を介してキャリア蛋白質と結合するため、N末端にシステインを挿入してペプチド合成機ABI433A(アプライドバイオシステムズ)を用いて合成した。定法により精製し、精製ペプチドとして2~3mgを得た。
1-(2)記載の方法に準じて、配列番号6のペプチド-KLHおよび配列番号6のペプチド-BSAを調製した。
1-(3)記載の方法に準じて、2-(2)で調製した配列番号6のペプチドに対するモノクローナル抗体を産生するクローンF1258-7-2を得た。
2-(4)ハイブリドーマ培養上清からの抗体精製
1-(4)記載の方法に準じて、2-(3)で調製した配列番号6のペプチドに対するハイブリドーマクローンの培養上清からモノクローナル抗体精製した。
ウサギsCD14-STを特異的に検出可能な系を作製するため、実施例1-(4)、2-(4)に記載の抗体を用いてサンドイッチELISA系を作製した。
F1258-7-2抗体のF(ab´)2を作製するために、実施例2-(4)で得た精製F1258-7-2抗体をPepsinで処理した。すなわち、精製F1258-7-2抗体を2M尿素を含む100mM酢酸バッファー(pH4.4)にバッファー交換した後、Pepsin(Boehringer)を抗体:酵素=30:1(重量比)となるように添加し、37℃で6時間反応した。反応終了時には1Mトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH8.0)を添加して、pHを中性付近に戻した。次にF(ab´)2の精製を行った。すなわち、Fc部位とPepsinを取り除く目的で、Pepsin処理した抗体をProsep G(Millipore)に供し、吸着画分を酸溶出した。さらにこの吸着画分をSuperdex200(Amersham)に供することで未切断の抗体を取り除き、F1258-7-2のF(ab´)2を得た。精製したF(ab´)2はSDS-PAGEに供して純度を確認し、ウシ血清IgGを標準品としたProtein Assay Dye Reagent(バイオラッド)を用いてタンパク定量した。続いて得られたF1258-7-2 F(ab´)2抗体をPeroxidase Labeling Kit SH(同仁化学)を用いて部分還元し、ヒンジ部分に存在するシステイン残基をPeroxidase標識することによりF1258-7-2 Fab´-HRPを作製した。
固相抗体として実施例1-(4)で得たF1301-9-1抗体を、標識抗体として実施例3-(1)で作製したF1258-7-2 Fab´-HRP抗体を使用する2ステップサンドイッチELISA系を作製した。すなわちF1301-9-1抗体をD-PBS(pH7.4)で10μg/mLに希釈し、イムノプレート(Maxisorb、Nunc)の各ウエルに50μL添加した。4℃で一晩反応した後、イオン交換水で5回洗浄した。5%StabilGuard(SurModics)と0.1%Tween20を含むD-PBS(pH7.4)を各ウエルに200μL添加しブロッキングした。次に5%の正常ウサギ血清(ウサギCD14アフィニティー抗体カラムを用いて可溶型CD14抗原を除去した血清)、1%BSA、0.1%Tween20を含む150mMリン酸バッファー(pH6.0)を希釈液として検体を希釈調製し、ウエル当たり50μL添加し、25℃で3時間反応した。反応終了後、0.05%Tween20を含む生理食塩水で5回洗浄した。4%ラット血清、0.05%Tween20を含む75mM リン酸バッファー(pH6.4)でF1258-7-2 Fab´-HRPを希釈し、各ウエルに50μL添加した。25℃で2時間反応した後、同様に5回洗浄した。テトラメチルベンジジン溶液(TMB、BioFX)を各ウエルに添加し、室温で15分間反応した。0.5M硫酸溶液で反応を停止し、プレート分光光度計(NJ-2100、日本インターメッド)で450nmの吸光度を測定した。
標準物質としては、組換え体ウサギsCD14-STを用いた。組換え体ウサギsCD14-STの作製は、国際公開WO2005/108429号公報に記載の方法に準じて行った。すなわち、ウサギCD14の66番目のアミノ酸配列の後にトロンビン切断サイトを導入したプラスミドを作製し、COS細胞を用いて培養上清中に一過性に発現させた。培養上清中のsCD14を精製した後、トロンビンで切断し、ゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーにて組換え体ウサギsCD14-STを精製した。
作製したサンドイッチELISA系は、図1に示すように組換え体sCD14-STを用量依存的に検出した。
4-(1)LPS負荷ウサギ敗血症モデルの作製
LPS負荷ウサギ敗血症モデルは、ニュージーランドホワイト種(1.8-2.6kg、北山ラベス)にLPS(Salmoella Minnesota Re595、シグマ)を10μg/kgの用量で耳静脈内投与することにより作製した。LPS投与前および投与1.5時間後に耳介動脈より採血(クエン酸加血)した。
ウサギCLP(cecal ligation and puncture)モデルは、ニュージーランドホワイト種(1.8-2.6kg、北山ラベス)に外科的手術を行い作製した。すなわち、一晩絶食した動物をドミトール(塩酸メデトミジン、明治製菓)の0.35mg/kgおよび動物用ケタラール(ケタミン、三共)の5mg/kgを耳静脈内投与して全身麻酔した。腹部を切開して盲腸を腹腔外に出した後、回盲部の下流を縫合糸で絞やくし、眼科バサミにより約2cmの幅で2箇所切開した。盲腸をピンセットで押し穿刺孔から盲腸内容物が出ることを確認した後に盲腸を腹腔内に戻し、腹膜および皮膚を縫合糸で閉じた。閉腹後、生理食塩水を50mL/kgで皮下投与し。また、アンチセダン(塩酸アチパメゾール、明治製菓)を0.35mg/kgで耳静脈内投与して手術終了とした。CLPモデル作製の手術前および手術2時間後に耳介動脈より採血(クエン酸加血)した。
実施例4-(1)と4-(2)で採取した血液から遠心にて血漿を調製し、実施例3-(2)記載の方法に準じてsCD14-STを測定した。結果を図2および図3に示す。LPS負荷敗血症モデルでは血中sCD14-STの上昇が認められなかった(図2)。一方、生菌感染による敗血症モデルにおいては血中sCD14-STの上昇が見られた(図3)。また、生菌感染による敗血症モデルにおける血中sCD14-STの上昇は、手術(感染)後2時間で検出可能であり、IL-6やd-dimerなどの他のマーカーに比べ、感染の早期に検出が可能なマーカーであることが確認された。これらのことから、sCD14-ST産生はエンドトキシンによる白血球の活性化のみでは不十分であり、感染に対する最も早い免疫応答である白血球による細菌の貪食活動が必要であると考えられた。
5-(1)ウサギ腹腔滲出顆粒球の採取
グリコーゲンを生理食塩水で0.1%となるように溶解した。これをニュージーランド白色ウサギ(北山ラベス)オス1.64-1.92kgの腹腔内に150mL投与した。投与16時間後に過剰麻酔にてウサギを安楽殺した後に、生理食塩水にて腹腔内を洗浄して顆粒球を採取した。
顆粒球に各種白血球刺激剤を添加してsCD14-STの産生量を評価した。すなわち実施例5-(1)で採取したウサギ腹腔滲出顆粒球を2%正常ウサギ血清、2mM Glutamin、10mM HEPESを含むHBSSバッファー(GIBCO 14025)(以下、細胞アッセイバッファーと記す。)中に細胞濃度1×107Cells/mLとなるように懸濁し、96穴培養プレート(Nunclon Surface、Nunc)の各ウェルに100μL添加した。次いで各種刺激剤を細胞アッセイバッファーにて目的濃度の3倍に調製し、各ウェルに50μL添加した。37℃で2時間インキュベーションした後に遠心にて上清を採取し、実施例3-(2)の測定系でsCD14-STを測定した。結果を図4に示す。白血球による貪食・消化が起こる刺激剤(大腸菌菌体またはザイモザン)ではsCD14-STの上昇が認められた。一方、LPS、PMA(phorbol myristate acetate)、fMLP(formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine)等の貪食が起こらない刺激剤ではsCD14-STの上昇は認められなかった。また、貪食はおこるが消化はされないマイクロビーズでもsCD14-STの上昇は認められなかった。さらに、高分子量sCD14測定用のキット(R&D)を用いて高分子量sCD14の産生を測定したところ、図5に示す様に、LPSやPMAによる刺激で高分子量sCD14の産生上昇が認められた。この事は、sCD14-STと高分子量sCD14は産生機序が異なることを示している。
実施例5-(2)においてウサギsCD14-STの産生に顆粒球の貪食活動が関わっていることが示唆された。そこで各種貪食阻害剤を用いてsCD14-STの産生と貪食の関係を検討した。すなわち、実施例5-(1)で採取したウサギ腹腔滲出顆粒球を細胞アッセイバッファー中に細胞濃度1×107Cells/mLとなるように懸濁し、48穴培養プレート(48 Well Cell Culture cluster、Corning)の各ウェルに200μL添加した。次いで各種阻害剤を細胞アッセイバッファーにて目的濃度の3倍に調製したものを各ウェルに100μL添加した。37℃で30分間反応した後に大腸菌を顆粒球の20倍量となるように添加した(大腸菌は1コロニー形成ユニットを1個として添加する)。37℃で2時間インキュベーションした後、遠心にて上清を採取し、実施例3-(2)の測定系を用いてsCD14-STを測定した。結果を図6に示す。貪食におけるメンブレントラフィックを阻害するPI3キナーゼ阻害剤Wortomaninと、細胞骨格を変性させることにより貪食を阻害するアクチンの脱重合剤Cytochalasin DによりウサギsCD14-STの産生が阻害された。
6-(1)メチル化BSAの調製
BSA(SIGMA)1gを4% Paraformaldehydeを含むD-PBS(pH7.4)100mLに溶解し、アルカリを用いてpHを8.5に調整した後、室温で1時間反応した。次いで水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを80mg添加し、4℃で2時間還元反応した後、限外膜を用いてD-PBS(pH7.4)にバッファー交換した。
抗原に対する免疫反応の確認をELISA法にて行った。すなわちメチル化BSAをD-PBS(pH7.4)で10μg/mLに希釈し、イムノプレート(Maxisorp、Nunc)に50μL/ウェルで添加した。37℃で1時間反応後、イオン交換水で5回洗浄し、5%StabilGuard(SurModics)を含むD-PBS(pH7.4)を各ウエルに100μL添加してブロッキングした。次に実施例6-(3)の試験に供した各ウサギの血液サンプル(血清)を、1%StabilGuard(SurModics)を含むD-PBS(pH7.4)にて希釈し、各Wellに100μL添加した。室温で1時間反応させた後、0.05%Teen20を含む生理食塩水で5回洗浄した。次にペルオキシダーゼ標識抗ウサギイムノグロブリン抗体(DAKO、P448)を5%ヤギ血清含有D-PBSで1000倍に希釈し各ウエルに50μL添加した。室温で1時間反応後、同様に5回洗浄しTMB溶液(BioFX)を各ウエルに添加した。室温で10分間反応後、0.5M硫酸溶液で反応を停止し、プレート分光光度計(マルチスキャンJX、大日本製薬)で450nmの吸光度を測定した。
実施例6-(1)で調製したメチル化BSA500μL(5mg)とフロインド完全アジュバント(DIFCO)500μLを混合し、これをニュージーランド白色ウサギ(北山ラベス)オス10-11週齢の背部皮下、後肢足底部、大腿部筋肉内に投与した(以下、抗原感作群と記す)。また、同時に同じ数のウサギに対してメチル化BSAを加えていない溶媒投与した(以下、溶媒対照群と記す)。2週間後、抗原感作群に対してメチル化BSA500μL(5mg)と不完全フロインドアジュバント(DIFCO)500μLを混合し、再感作した。なお、溶媒対照群に対してはメチル化BSAを加えていない溶媒を同じように投与した。さらに1週間後ウサギ耳動脈より採血し、実施例6-(2)のELISA法にて血中抗体価を測定して、抗原感作群において感作が成立していることを確認した。次いでメチル化BSAをD-PBS(pH7.4)にて5mg/mLに調製し、1mLを抗原感作群の膝関節腔内に投与して関節炎を惹起した。また同時に溶媒対照群に対してはD-PBS(pH7.4)を膝関節腔内に1mL投与した。惹起4日後と10日後に両群の膝関節腔内洗浄液を採取してsCD14-STの測定、塗沫による血球画分の分析を行った。また同時に耳介動脈より採血(クエン酸加血)し血中のsCD14-STを測定した。塗沫検体において、抗原感作群には多くの顆粒球の集積が認められた。また、膝関節腔内洗浄液を実施例3-(2)に記載のsCD14-ST測定系に供したところ、図7に示す様に抗原感作群では、抗原感作後4日後および10日後においてsCD14-STの上昇が認められた。なお、10日後においても高値を示していたことは、関節炎に伴う自己組織への過剰な免疫反応による貪食活動によりsCD14-STが産生されたことを示している。一方、両群において血中sCD14-STの上昇は認められなかった。
7-(1)ヒト末梢血顆粒球の調製
正常人より採取した末梢血より、比重d=1.077とd=1.119の二層を使った比重遠心法にて顆粒球画分を調製した。
顆粒球に各種白血球刺激剤を添加してsCD14-STの産生量を評価した。すなわち実施例7-(1)で採取したヒト末梢血顆粒球を10%正常ヒト血清、2mM Glutamin、10mM HEPES、10ng/mlG-CSFを含むRPMI1640培地(SIGMA R8758)中に細胞濃度0.5×107Cells/mLとなるように懸濁した。これを96穴培養プレート(Nunclon Surface、Nunc)の各ウェルに100μLで添加し、5%二酸化炭素存在下で37℃で一晩インキュベーションした。次いで各種刺激剤を10%正常ヒト血清、2mM Glutamin、10mM HEPESを含むHBSSバッファーにて1.5倍濃度に調製し、各ウェルに200μLで添加した。37℃で2時間インキュベーションした後に、遠心にて上清を採取し、ヒトsCD14-STを測定した。ヒトsCD14-STの測定には、国際公開WO2005/108429号公報の実施例7-(3)に記載の測定キットを用いた。すなわち、ヒトsCD14-STを特異的に認識する、ヒトCD14の53~68番目のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドに結合する抗体(S68抗体)を含むサンドイッチ測定キットである。サンドイッチ測定系とするため、もう一種の抗体として、ヒトCD14の17~26番目のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドに結合する抗体(F1106-13-3)をペルオキシダーゼ標識したものを使用した。図8に示す様に、実施例5と同様に貪食刺激剤(大腸菌菌体またはザイモザン)でsCD14-STの上昇が認められたがLPSやマイクロビーズでは認められなかった。
ヒト顆粒球によるsCD14-STの産生に対する貪食阻害剤の作用を検討した。すなわち実施例7-(2)と同様にヒト末梢血顆粒球を96穴培養プレートで一晩インキュベーションした。次いで各種貪食阻害剤を10%正常ヒト血清、2mM Glutamin、10mM HEPESを含むHBSSバッファーにて3倍濃度に調製し、各ウェルに100μLで添加した。37℃で1時間インキュベーションした後、大腸菌を顆粒球の30倍量となるように添加した(大腸菌は1コロニー形成ユニットを1個として添加する)。37℃で2時間インキュベーションした後に遠心にて上清を採取し、国際公開WO2005/108429号公報の実施例7-(3)に記載の測定キットを用いてヒトsCD14-STを測定した。その結果、図9に示す。実施例5-(3)と同様にWortomanin、Cytochalasin DはsCD14-STの産生を阻害した。
HL-60細胞をDMSO存在下で培養し顆粒球へと分化させ、実施例7-(2)と同様の実験に供した。実施例7-(2)と同様にザイモザンまたは大腸菌添加でsCD14-STの産生が認められた。
Claims (11)
- 下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、食細胞の機能評価方法、
1)食細胞と貪食物質を接触させる工程、
2)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定する工程、および
3)検体の測定値を標準値と比較し、食細胞の貪食活動の有無および/または程度を判定する工程。 - 食細胞の機能を評価することによる食細胞の機能異常を伴う疾患の検出方法であって、
1)請求項1に記載の方法により、被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)被験体由来の食細胞の機能が正常値より高値または低値であるかにより疾患の有無および/または程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 食細胞の機能を評価することによる免疫機能の評価方法であって、
1)請求項1に記載の方法により、被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)被験体由来の食細胞の機能が正常値より高値または低値であるかにより免疫機能の程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 食細胞の機能を評価することによる薬剤の効果の評価方法であって、
1)請求項1に記載の方法により、薬剤投与中および/または薬剤投与後の被験体由来の食細胞の機能を評価する工程、
2)評価した結果を正常値および/または薬剤投与前の評価結果と比較する工程、および
3)薬剤の投与による被験体由来の食細胞の機能の変化の有無および/または程度を判定する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、貪食機能調節物質のスクリーニング方法、
1)食細胞と被験物質を接触させる工程、
2)食細胞により産生されるsCD14-STを測定する工程、および
3)食細胞の貪食能に対する被験物質の効果を評価する工程。 - 貪食物質の存在下で、食細胞と被験物質を接触させることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 下記の工程を含むことを特徴とする、食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患の検出方法、
1)被験体由来の検体(血液を除く)に含まれるsCD14-STを測定する工程、
2)測定した値を正常値と比較する工程、および
3)検体中のsCD14-STの量が正常値より高値であるか否かを判定する工程。 - 検体に貪食物質を添加後、sCD14-STを測定することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患が関節リウマチであり、検体が関節液である、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 食細胞による貪食が関連する疾患が乳房炎であり、検体が乳汁である、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- sCD14-STを含有する食細胞の機能を評価するためのマーカー。
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JP5956434B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-19 | 2016-07-27 | 持田製薬株式会社 | 血液検体を用いた呼吸器感染症の診断 |
JPWO2012157751A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-19 | 2014-07-31 | 持田製薬株式会社 | 尿検体を用いた呼吸器感染症の診断 |
US10054585B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2018-08-21 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Diagnosis of respiratory tract infectious disease using urine specimens |
US10024869B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2018-07-17 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Diagnosis of respiratory tract infectious disease using blood specimens |
US9951142B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2018-04-24 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Anti-presepsin antibody |
US10676532B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2020-06-09 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Anti-presepsin antibody |
US11685788B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2023-06-27 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Anti-presepsin antibody |
US20180237537A1 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2018-08-23 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Specifically purified anti-presepsin antibody |
US11117974B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2021-09-14 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Specifically purified anti-presepsin antibody |
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JP5788956B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
ES2628944T3 (es) | 2017-08-04 |
CA2725144C (en) | 2018-11-06 |
EP2280279A1 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
CN102037359A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
JP2014052387A (ja) | 2014-03-20 |
JPWO2009142303A1 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
CN102037359B (zh) | 2017-12-12 |
CA2725144A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
US20160377615A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
US20110086381A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
US10852302B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
US9476872B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
JP5435587B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2280279B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
EP2280279A4 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
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