WO2009140805A1 - 一种提高样本分类准确性的方法及试剂盒 - Google Patents

一种提高样本分类准确性的方法及试剂盒 Download PDF

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WO2009140805A1
WO2009140805A1 PCT/CN2008/001767 CN2008001767W WO2009140805A1 WO 2009140805 A1 WO2009140805 A1 WO 2009140805A1 CN 2008001767 W CN2008001767 W CN 2008001767W WO 2009140805 A1 WO2009140805 A1 WO 2009140805A1
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masp2
cancer
ykl40
sample
ykl
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PCT/CN2008/001767
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English (en)
French (fr)
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林标扬
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Lin Biaoyang
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Priority to JP2011509836A priority Critical patent/JP5250809B2/ja
Priority to US12/992,363 priority patent/US11193934B2/en
Publication of WO2009140805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009140805A1/zh
Priority to US12/949,420 priority patent/US11480574B2/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/46Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • G01N2333/47Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
    • G01N2333/4701Details
    • G01N2333/4716Complement proteins, e.g. anaphylatoxin, C3a, C5a
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/475Assays involving growth factors
    • G01N2333/50Fibroblast growth factors [FGF]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the accuracy of sample classification, and a kit for detecting YKL40 and MASP2 proteins in a sample. Background technique
  • liver cancer is a common and fatal malignancy. According to statistics, about 500,000 liver cancer patients are added each year, and nearly 500,000 people die from the disease (see Parkin, DM, Bray, F., Ferlay, J., and Pisani, P. (2001) Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 94, 153-156. ).
  • Existing liver cancer diagnostic tools include ultrasound testing and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing, which are often combined
  • the detection threshold is usually 20 ng/ml (see: Chen Jiwu, Fan Peichang, Development of immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection of alpha-fetoprotein, Analytical Science Journal, 2002, No. 4, pp. 273-276).
  • the sensitivity and specificity of combined ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein detection are 50-85% and 70-90%, respectively, but its false positive and false negative rates are as high as 40% (see Tu, DG, Wang, ST, Chang, ⁇ . ⁇ , Chiu, ⁇ .
  • YKL-40 is a shorthand for human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HcGP-39) (or chitinase 3-like 1 ), and is abbreviated as CHI3L1, YKL40c. It has been found that serum YKL-40 The level is related to many diseases such as osteoarthritis, primary colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and recurrent ovarian cancer, and thus can be used for diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, therapeutic effect monitoring, and disease development monitoring of some diseases. For example, it can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer (see: Cheng Minggang, et al. The application of serum YKL-40 in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ovarian fistula.
  • YKL-40 circulating serum will be more, and it is also related to the severity of asthma.
  • CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
  • lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase.
  • the high serum YKL-40 level in the general population increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer by 2.7. Times, and the prognosis is poor after diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors (see the online edition of China Medical Tribune. Website:
  • MASP2 is an abbreviation for mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2, which is involved in human immunodeficiency disease and plays an important role in the body's innate immune defense (see: Cai Xuemin, Et. Prokaryotic expression of the N-terminal fragment of human mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2, J. Immunol., 2007, pp. 235-238. Its application in the diagnosis of liver cancer has not been reported.
  • the MASP2 gene is a gene specifically expressed in the liver.
  • the inventors unexpectedly found that both proteins are associated with liver cancer symptoms, wherein the content of YKL-40 in the serum of liver cancer patients is significantly higher than that of normal samples, and the expression level of MASP2 in liver cancer patients is lower than that. Normal sample.
  • a protein that is highly expressed in cancer this protein may not be specific to a certain cancer, can be highly expressed in different cancers
  • a tissue or organ-specific expression protein in the tissue or organ Low expression downregulation of specific proteins that perform tissue or organ specific functions due to cancer
  • We use YKL-40 and MASP2 as examples to see if they can be used as biomarkers for clinical application of liver cancer, and whether their combined detection can improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis and prognosis. Disclosure of invention
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for jointly detecting YKL40 and
  • MASP2 protein to improve the accuracy of sample classification.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a kit for detecting YKL40 and MASP2 proteins in a sample. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for improving sensitivity of sample analysis by jointly detecting a cancer-expressed protein and a tissue or organ-specific protein expressed in a sample. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a kit for detecting cancer-expressed proteins and tissue- or organ-specifically expressed proteins in a sample.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical means:
  • a method for improving the accuracy of sample classification which is characterized by jointly detecting proteins YKL-40 and MASP2 in a sample.
  • the above joint tests include:
  • kits for detecting YKL40 and MASP2 proteins in a sample comprising:
  • a method of increasing the sensitivity of an individual's cancer detection including:
  • a kit for detecting cancer high expression protein and tissue or organ specific expression protein in a sample comprising:
  • a protein highly expressed by cancer and/or a tissue or organ-specific expression protein binds to an antibody defined in (1), it is capable of binding to a cancer-highly expressed protein and a labeled antibody which specifically expresses a protein of a tissue or an organ.
  • Figure 1 shows the ROC curve interface for YKL-40 detection of serum samples from patients with liver cancer.
  • Figure 2 is a ROC curve interface for MASP2 detection of serum samples from liver cancer patients.
  • Figure 3 is a ROC curve interface for the combined detection of YKL40 and MASP2 in serum samples from liver cancer patients. The best way to implement the invention
  • the cancer virus or cancer gene is highly expressed.
  • This highly expressed protein such as YKL-40 can be used as a biomarker for cancer; on the other hand, the individual is concerned.
  • the tissue or organ function is decreased, resulting in a decrease in the expression level of a protein specifically expressed in the tissue or organ, such as MASP2 specifically expressed in the liver, and thus a low expression level of a tissue- or organ-specific protein is also used as a cancer biomarker.
  • the potential of things It is well known to those skilled in the art that testing of a single biomarker can sometimes result in an increase in false positive or false negatives, reducing the accuracy of the test.
  • the method and related kit for improving the sensitivity of individual cancer detection of the present invention can be applied to diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, therapeutic effect evaluation and course monitoring of various cancers and organ diseases.
  • the application of cancer or disease to a specific tissue or organ includes the following steps: measuring a protein or gene highly expressed in cancer or disease in an individual blood sample; measuring a specific tissue or organ Low expression of specific proteins or genes in the blood; mathematical analysis of measured protein content or gene expression results; and classification of individual samples to make cancer or disease diagnosis based on mathematical analysis results.
  • This result can be divided into: health, cancer or pre-disease, cancer or mid-stage disease, cancer or advanced disease.
  • joint detection in the present specification means: including not only detecting the content of a specific protein in a sample; but also including performing mathematical analysis on the measured protein content; and further including determining the result based on the mathematical analysis Samples are classified.
  • the present invention uses an ELISA technique to detect a high expression protein of a cancer such as YKL40 and a tissue or organ specific expression protein such as MASP2.
  • An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is a commonly used method for analyzing protein content in the field of molecular biology, which can be used for the determination of antigens and for the determination of antibodies.
  • ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
  • the present invention can be used in a variety of different types, such as: double antibody sandwich method, Two-site, one-way assay, indirect assay, competitive assay, capture assay for IgM antibodies, and application of avidin and biotin
  • the ELISA of the present invention is preferably carried out using a kit, which allows for a quick operation, thereby avoiding the cumbersome routine experimental detection.
  • the ELISA kit of the present invention comprises YKL40 immunolabeling kit, MASP2 immunolabeling kit, YKL40 and MASP2 detection kits.
  • YKL40 and MASP2 detection kits In order to improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of disease diagnosis, it is preferable to use the YKL40 and MASP2 detection kits, which can detect the two sets of detection results separately or simultaneously to achieve rapid efficacy.
  • the YKL40 and MASP2 detection kits of the present invention comprise at least:
  • YKL40 and/or MASP2 bind to the antibody defined in (1), they are capable of binding to the labeled antibodies of YKL40 and MASP2.
  • the above kit may further comprise:
  • a standard sample consisting of a solution containing known amounts of YKL40 and MASP2, which may be derived from genetically engineered bacterial expression, animal or human body fluids;
  • An antibody marker for detection for example, an enzyme label as a reporter method such as horseradish peroxidase, or a fluorescent label, which can bind to an antibody to form a conjugate.
  • the more optional kit may further comprise at least one of the subordinate items: (5) a carrying tool that is divided into spaces defining a space in which one or more containers, 96-well plates or slats can be received, such as A vial, test tube, and the like, each container containing a separate component for use in the method of the invention; (6) ancillary reagents, for example, color reagents, enzyme inhibitors, buffers, stabilizers, diluents , washing reagents and the like; (7) instructions, which can be written on bottles, test tubes and the like, or written on a separate piece of paper, or on the outside or inside of the container; or in the form of multimedia, such as CD, computer CD, video, etc.
  • a carrying tool that is divided into spaces defining a space in which one or more containers, 96-well plates or slats can be received, such as A vial, test tube, and the like, each container containing a separate component for use in the method of the invention
  • the antibody can be immobilized on a solid support to form a capture antibody.
  • the antibody contained includes any antibody fragment capable of binding to YKL40 and MASP2, and may be a recombinant, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, and a murine antibody.
  • the antibody may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody, preferably a monoclonal antibody
  • the antibody conjugate can be photometrically determined using an ELISA reader, such as a microplate reader.
  • the sample used in the present invention may comprise various forms such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, or tears. Among them, serum is preferred.
  • Sample preparation can be carried out according to common methods such as centrifugation, for example, see the following documents: Young, DS & Bermes, EW "Specimen collection and processing" in Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry
  • a mathematically analyzed method can be used to detect a highly expressed protein such as YKL40 and a tissue or organ-specific expression protein in the sample.
  • the MASP2 concentration was statistically processed, and on this basis, a classification standard having the meaning of sample classification was obtained.
  • Such mathematical methods are preferably performed by a computer, such as using these data to plot ROC curves to classify individual samples.
  • the ROC curve is called the receiver operator characteristic curve, also known as the receiver operating characteristic curve, and is mainly used for clinical biochemical diagnostic tests.
  • the ROC curve is a comprehensive index reflecting the true positive rate (sensitivity, also known as sensitivity) and the false positive rate (1-specificity). It is a compositional method that reveals the relationship between sensitivity and specificity. It calculates a series of sensitivities and specificities by setting a series of different cut-off values (threshold or cut-off value, which is the boundary value separating the normal and abnormal results of the diagnostic test), and then calculating a series of sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity is plotted on the ordinate and 1-specific is plotted on the abscissa.
  • AUC area under the curve
  • the evaluation method of the ROC curve is different from the traditional evaluation method. According to the actual situation, an intermediate state is allowed, and the test result can be divided into multiple ordered classifications, such as: normal, roughly normal, suspicious, roughly abnormal, and abnormal.
  • the above ordered classification, for the diagnosis of diseases, can be divided into: negative, uncertain, positive. Further, for cancer diagnosis, it can be divided into: cancer, health.
  • the method for improving the classification accuracy of the present invention may include the following steps:
  • test sample cancer or health
  • the ROC curve can be drawn using software or systems of the prior art, such as: MedCalc 9.2.0.1 Medical Statistics Software, SPSS 9.0, ROCPOWER.SAS, DESIGNROC.FOR, MULTIREADER-POWER. S AS, CREATE_ROC.SAS, GB STAT VI 0.0 (Dynamic Microsystems, Inc. Silver Spring, MD, USA) and so on.
  • the specific application of the invention in the medical field is mainly embodied in the diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, treatment effect monitoring or course monitoring of liver cancer, including the operation method and the kit for realizing the method.
  • the course of hepatitis is closely related to the transformation of liver cancer.
  • the typical course of disease is: hepatitis (such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C) ⁇ cirrhosis ⁇ liver cancer.
  • the present inventors have found that the expression of hepatitis virus can also be used as a biomarker for detection of liver cancer, which is combined with the expression of YKL40 and MASP2, and the combined detection can significantly improve the success rate of diagnosis of liver cancer.
  • the present invention also provides a method for diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, therapeutic effect monitoring or course monitoring of liver cancer, comprising: detecting expression of hepatitis virus in an individual blood sample; detecting expression of YKL40 and MASP2 in an individual blood sample Mathematical analysis of measured hepatitis virus expression levels and expression levels of YKL40 and MASP2; and classification of blood samples based on mathematical analysis results to determine the results of liver cancer. This result can be divided into: precancerous liver cancer, mid-stage liver cancer, and advanced liver cancer.
  • hepatitis virus can be carried out by standard methods in the art, such as a standard blood sample test paper method, a blood sample test kit method, and a conventional blood sample test method, and the like.
  • the present invention also provides a combined test kit for diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, therapeutic effect monitoring or course monitoring of liver cancer, comprising at least: (1) an antibody capable of binding hepatitis virus, YKL40 and MASP2; 2) When hepatitis virus and/or YKL40 and/or MASP2 bind to the antibody defined in (1), it is capable of binding to a hepatitis virus and/or a labeled antibody of YKL40 and MASP2.
  • the kit further comprises: (3) a standard consisting of a solution containing a known amount of hepatitis virus, YKL40 and MASP2, which may be derived from genetically engineered bacterial expression, animal or human body fluids; and (4)
  • the detected antibody label for example, an enzyme label as a reporter method such as horseradish peroxidase, or a fluorescent label, can bind to the antibody to form a conjugate.
  • Example 1 Sample collection
  • ELISA was performed using the YKL-40 kit from Quidel (San Diego, CA, USA) and using the Bio-Rad 680 microplate reader (US) according to the manufacturer's instructions, including:
  • microplate is incubated at room temperature (18-28 °C) for 55-65 minutes.
  • Figure 1 shows that the AUC of the ROC curve is 0.98.
  • the threshold of YKL-40 concentration is 0.87 (ng/mL)
  • the sensitivity for diagnosing liver cancer is 0.92 (ie 92%)
  • 1-specificity is 0.87 (ie 87%)
  • the success rate for diagnosing liver cancer is 0.9 (ie 90) %).
  • Example 1 A procedure similar to that of Example 1 was used, except that: ELISA was performed using the MASP2 kit from the Dutch Hycult Biotech (Uden, Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions to detect the concentration of MASP2 protein in the serum samples. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • MASP2 concentration of MASP2 is also closely related to the symptoms of liver cancer.
  • the content of MASP2 protein in serum of patients with liver cancer is significantly lower than that in healthy volunteers.
  • the ROC curve was plotted against the sensitivity and specificity of the cancer diagnosis based on different thresholds, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, as shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 shows that when the threshold of MASP2 concentration is 292.9 ng/mL, the sensitivity of diagnosis of liver cancer is 0.87, 1-specificity is 0.77, and the success rate of actual diagnosis of liver cancer is 0.8.
  • Example 3 shows that when the threshold of MASP2 concentration is 292.9 ng/mL, the sensitivity of diagnosis of liver cancer is 0.87, 1-specificity is 0.77, and the success rate of actual diagnosis of liver cancer is 0.8.
  • Figure 3 shows that when the threshold is 12.57 (ratio), the sensitivity of the diagnosis is 100%, and the success rate of actually diagnosed liver cancer is 90%. It is much higher than the commonly used alpha-fetoprotein detection success rate (basically 70%).

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Description

一种提高样本分类准确性的方法及试剂盒 技术领域
本发明属于生物医学技术领域。 具体地说, 本发明涉及一种提高样本分类准确性的方 法、 以及一种用于检测样本中 YKL40和 MASP2蛋白的试剂盒。 背景技术
肝癌 (HCC) 是一种常见的且致命的恶性肿瘤。 据统计, 每年约新增 500,000肝癌患 者,并且近 500,000人死于该疾病(参见 Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., and Pisani, P. (2001) Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 94, 153-156. ) 。 现有的肝癌 诊断手段包括超声波检测和甲胎蛋白 (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) 检测, 两者通常结合使用
(参见 Spangenberg, H. C, Thimme, R., and Blum, H. E. (2006) Serum markers of
hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 26, 385-390. ) 。 当以甲胎蛋白为生物标志物通过 ROC曲线进行肝癌诊断时, 其检测阳性阈值通常为 20ng/ml (参见: 陈季武、 范培昌, 快 速检测甲胎蛋白的免疫层析试条的研制, 《分析科学学报》, 2002年第 4期第 273-276页)。 超声和甲胎蛋白联合检测的灵敏度和特异性分别是 50-85%和 70-90%, 但它的假阳性和假 阴性率高达 40% (参见 Tu, D. G., Wang, S. T., Chang, Τ. Τ·, Chiu, Ν. Τ·, and Yao, W. J. (1999) The value of serum tissue polypeptide specific antigen in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 85, 1039-1043; Buscarini, L., Sbolli, G., Cavanna, L., Civardi, G., Di Stasi, M., Buscarini, E., and Fornari, F. (1987) Clinical and diagnostic features of 67 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 44, 93-97. ) 。 因此, 人们迫切需要科技工作者开发出检 测更方便、 灵敏度和特异性更高、 而且准确率高的肝癌诊断手段。
YKL-40是人类软骨糖蛋白 39(HcGP-39) (或称为类几丁质酶蛋白, chitinase 3-like 1 ) 的简写, 又简写为 CHI3L1、 YKL40c 人们经研究发现, 血清中 YKL-40的水平与许多疾 病状况比如在骨关节炎、 原发性大肠癌、 乳腺癌、 复发的卵巢癌有关, 因而可用于一些疾 病的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测及病情发展监测。 例如, 可用于卵巢癌的诊断和预后 (参见: 程明刚, 等。血清 YKL-40在卵巢痺患者诊断和预后中的应用。 《广东医学》 2008 年 29卷 2期第 255-256页) 。 耶鲁大学医学院研究人员在 2007年 1 1月 15日出版的 《新 英格兰医学期刊》 (The New England Journal of Medicine) 上发表文章称, 临床试验结果 表明该分子可能在决定严重哮喘病生理反应时发挥重要作用, 与常人相比, 哮喘病患者的
YKL-40循环血清会更多, 同时也与哮喘的严重程度有关。 (参见生物通网址: · http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2007-l 1/20071 1 16165039.htm) 。 美国圣迭戈加州大学 Johansen等称, YKL-40是独立于癌胚抗原 (CEA) 和乳酸脱氢酶的生物标志物, 普通人 群血清 YKL-40水平高者, 其胃肠道肿瘤患病风险增加 2.7倍, 且诊断为胃肠道肿瘤后预 后欠佳 (参见中国医学论坛报网络版。 网址:
http://www.cmt.com.cn/article/080221/a080221b0301.htm)。人们还发现, 血清 YKL-40水平 还可作为肝纤维化指标 (参见 Johansen, J. S., Christoffersen, P., Moller, S., Price, P. A., Henriksen, J. H., Garbarsch, C, and Bendtsen, F. (2000) Serum YKL-40 is increased in patients with hepatic fibrosis. Journal of hepatology 32, 91 1-920. )。然而, 迄今未检索到关于 YKL-40 检测应用于肝癌诊断的报道。
MASP2是甘露聚糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶 2 (mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2 ) 的缩写, 与人的免疫缺损病有关, 在机体的固有性免疫防御中发挥重要 作用 (参见: 蔡学敏, 等。 人甘露聚糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶 2 N端片段的原核表 达, 《免疫学杂志》 , 2007年 03期第 235-238页) 。 其在肝癌诊断中的应用尚未有报道。
本发明人的研究表明, MASP2基因是一种在肝脏中特异表达的基因。经过大量的研究, 本发明人意外地发现这两种蛋白都与肝癌症状有关, 其中 YKL-40在肝癌患者血清中的含 量明显高于正常样本, 而 MASP2在肝癌患者体内的表达量则低于正常样本。 于是, 我们 提出一个假说: 将一种癌症中高表达的蛋白 (这个蛋白可以不是对某一癌症特异, 可以在 不同的癌症中都高表达) 和一个组织或器官特异表达蛋白在该组织或器官的低表达 (由于 癌症造成执行组织或器官特异功能的特异蛋白的下调) 联系起来, 可以作为诊断癌症的联 合生物标记物, 提高癌症检测的灵敏度和特异性。 我们以 YKL-40和 MASP2这两种蛋白 为例, 看它们可否作为肝癌临床应用的生物标志物、 以及其联合检测可否提高疾病诊断和 预后的准确性。 发明的公开
基于上述发现, 本发明的首要目的在于提供一种通过联合检测样本中 YKL40 和
MASP2蛋白来提高样本分类准确性的方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于检测样本中 YKL40和 MASP2蛋白的试剂盒。 本发明的又一目的在于提供一种通过联合检测样本中癌症高表达蛋白和组织或器官 特异表达蛋白来提高样本分析敏感度的方法。 本发明的再一目的在于提供一种用于检测样本中癌症高表达蛋白和组织或器官特异 表达蛋白的试剂盒。
为实现上述目的, 本发明采用如下技术手段:
一种提高样本分类准确性的方法, 其特征在于, 联合检测样本中的蛋白 YKL-40 和 MASP2。
上述联合检测包括:
( 1 ) 检测样本中 YKL-40和 MASP2的含量;
(2) 对测得的 YKL-40和 MASP2含量进行数学分析; 以及
(3 ) 根据数学分析结果, 对测定样本进行分类。
一种上述方法在疾病包括癌症的诊断、预后评估、治疗效果监测及病程监测中的应用。 一种用于检测样本中 YKL40和 MASP2蛋白的试剂盒, 其包含:
( 1 ) 能够结合 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体; 以及
(2) 当 YKL40和 /或 MASP2结合于 (1 ) 中限定的抗体时, 能够结合于 YKL40和 MASP2的标记抗体。
一种提高个体癌症检测敏感度的方法, 包括:
( 1 ) 测试个体样本内癌症高表达的蛋白含量;
(2) 测试个体样本内特定组织或器官特异表达的蛋白含量;
( 3 ) 对测得的样本内癌症高表达蛋白含量和组织或器官特异表达的蛋白含量进行数 学分析; 以及
(4) 根据数学分析结果, 将个体分为癌症或健康。
一种用于检测样本中癌症高表达蛋白和组织或器官特异表达蛋白的试剂盒, 其包含:
( 1 ) 能够结合癌症高表达蛋白和组织或器官特异表达蛋白的抗体; 以及
(2 )当癌症高表达的蛋白和 /或组织或器官特异表达蛋白结合于(1 )中限定的抗体时, 能够结合于癌症高表达蛋白和组织或器官特异表达蛋白的标记抗体。
研究表明,采用本发明的方法及试剂盒对个体的样本中蛋白 YKL40和 MASP2进行联 合检测, 可以有效提高癌症诊断的灵敏度、 特异性和准确率, 并且可以推广至许多疾病的 诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果评估及病程监测。 附图的简要说明
图 1是对肝癌患者血清样本进行 YKL-40检测的 ROC曲线界面。
图 2是对肝癌患者血清样本进行 MASP2检测的 ROC曲线界面。 图 3是对肝癌患者血清样本进行 YKL40和 MASP2联合检测的 ROC曲线界面。 实现本发明的最佳方式
以下结合具体实施例, 对本发明作进一步说明。 应理解, 以下实施例仅用于说明本发 明而不用于限定本发明的范围。
众所周知, 当个体开始罹患癌症、 或处于癌症临床阶段时, 癌症病毒或癌症基因会高 表达, 这种高表达的蛋白比如 YKL-40可以作为癌症的生物标志物; 另一方面, 该个体的 有关组织或器官功能会下降, 致使在该组织或器官中特异表达的蛋白、 比如在肝脏中特异 表达的 MASP2的表达水平降低, 因此组织或器官特异表达蛋白的低表达水平同样具有用 作癌症生物标志物的潜力。 本领域技术人员熟知, 单一生物标志物的测试有时会造成假阳 性或假阴性的增加, 降低了测试的准确率。 因此, 同时测试个体样本内癌症高表达的蛋白 比如 YKL-40含量和特定组织或器官特异表达的蛋白比如在肝脏中特异表达的 MASP2低 表达水平, 即, 在原有的配对标记物的基础上进一步增加新标记物以提高检测敏感度, '将 会提高癌症测试的敏感度, 这已在下述的实施例中得以验证。
毫无疑问, 本发明提高个体癌症检测敏感度的方法及相关试剂盒可以应用于各种癌症 和器官病变的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果评估及病程监测。
比如, 以血液样本的联合检测为例, 针对某一特定组织或器官的癌症或疾病的应用, 其包括如下步骤: 测定个体血液样本中癌症或疾病高表达的蛋白或基因; 测定特定组织或 器官特异的蛋白或基因在血液中的低表达; 对测得的蛋白含量或基因表达结果进行数学分 析; 以及根据数学分析结果, 对测定个体样本进行分类, 做出癌症或疾病的诊断结果。 这 种结果可分为: 健康、 癌症或疾病前期、 癌症或疾病中期、 癌症或疾病晚期等。
应理解, 本说明书中术语 "联合检测"的含义为: 不仅包括检测样本中特定蛋白的含 量; 还可以包括对测得的蛋白含量进行数学分析; 并且还可以进一步包括根据数学分析结 果, 对测定样本进行分类。
ELISA
本发明使用 ELISA技术对个体的样本进行癌症高表达蛋白比如 YKL40和组织或器官 特异表达蛋白比如 MASP2的检测。
酶联免疫吸附剂测定 (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 上分子生物学领 域常用的蛋白质含量分析方法, 其可用于测定抗原, 也可用于测定抗体。根据试剂的来源、 样本的性状以及检测的具备条件, 本发明可以采用多种不同类型, 比如: 双抗体夹心法、 双位点一歩法、 间接法测抗体、 竞争法、 捕获法测 IgM抗体、 以及应用亲和素和生物素的
ELISA等。
试剂盒
本发明的 ELISA优选使用试剂盒完成, 这样可以实现快捷操作, 从而避免常规实验检 测的繁琐。本发明的 ELISA试剂盒包括 YKL40的免疫酶标试剂盒、 MASP2免疫酶标试剂 盒、 YKL40和 MASP2检测试剂盒。 为提高疾病诊断的灵敏度、 特异性和准确率, 优选使 用 YKL40和 MASP2检测试剂盒,其可以分别或同时测得两组检测结果,以达到快捷功效。
本发明的 YKL40和 MASP2检测试剂盒至少包含:
( 1 ) 能够结合 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体; 以及
(2 ) 当 YKL40和 /或 MASP2结合于 (1 ) 中限定的抗体时, 能够结合于 YKL40和 MASP2的标记抗体。
上述试剂盒还可包含:
( 3 ) 由含有己知量 YKL40和 MASP2的溶液组成的标准样, 该标准样可以来源于基 因工程菌表达、 动物或人的体液; 以及
(4) 用于检测的抗体标记物, 例如, 作为报告方法的酶标签比如辣根过氧化物酶, 或者荧光标记, 其可以与抗体结合形成偶联物。
更有选试剂盒还可进一步包括下属物品中的至少之一: (5 ) 携带工具, 其空间划分为 可以收容一种或多种容器、 96孔板或板条的限定空间, 该容器例如是药瓶、 试管、 和类似 物, 每样容器都含有一个单独的用于本发明方法的组分; (6) 辅助试剂, 比如, 显色剂、 酶抑制剂、 缓冲液、 稳定剂、 稀释剂、 洗涤试剂以及类似物; (7) 说明书, 其可以写在瓶 子、 试管和类似物上, 或者写在一张单独的纸上, 或者在容器的外部或内部; 也可以是多 媒体的形式, 比如 CD、 电脑光盘、 录像等等。
优选抗体可以固定于固相载体上, 形成捕获抗体。
所含抗体包括任何能够结合 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体片段, 并且可以是重组体、 嵌合 抗体、 人源化抗体和鼠源性抗体。 所述抗体可以是单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体, 优选单克隆 抗体
优选抗体偶联物能够用 ELISA阅读机, 比如, 酶标仪进行光度测定。
样本
本发明所用样本可以包含多种形式, 比如全血、 血浆、 血清、 尿液、 脑脊液、 唾液、 或眼泪。 其中优选血清。
样本制备可根据普通方法比如离心等进行, 例如, 参见如下文献: Young, D. S. & Bermes, E. W. "Specimen collection and processing" in Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry
2nd Edition" Eds. Burtis, C. A. & Ashwood, E. R., Saunders (1994); Methods in Enzymology, H. Van Vunakis and J. J. Langone (Eds), 1981, 72(B); Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays, P Tijssen, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. J. Burden and P. H. Van Knippenberg (Eds), Elsevier, 1985; Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques, T. Chard, ibid, 3rd Edition, 1987; Methods in Enzymology, H. Van Vunakis and J. J. Langone (Eds) 1981, 74(C)。
ROC曲线
在用 ELISA检测出样本中癌症高表达蛋白比如 YKL40和组织或器官特异表达蛋白比 如 MASP2的浓度后,可用数学分析方法对测得的样本中癌症高表达蛋白比如 YKL40和组 织或器官特异表达蛋白比如 MASP2浓度进行统计学处理, 在此基础上获得具有样本分类 意义的分级标准。 这样的数学方法优选由计算机完成, 比如用这些数据绘制 ROC 曲线, 从而对个体的样本进行分类。
ROC曲线全称为受试者工作特征曲线 (receiver operator characteristic curve), 又称为 接收者操作特性曲线, 主要用于临床生化诊断试验。 ROC曲线是反映真阳性率 (灵敏度, 又称敏感性, sensitivity) 和假阳性率 (1-特异性, specificity) 连续变量的综合指标, 是用 构图法揭示灵敏度和特异性的相互关系。 它通过设定一系列不同的的分界值 (阈值或临界 值, cut-off value, 是划分诊断试验结果正常与异常的界值) 作为连续变量, 从而计算出一 系列灵敏度和特异性, 再以灵敏度为纵坐标、 1-特异性为横坐标绘制的曲线, 曲线下面积 (AUC) 越大, 诊断准确性越高。 在 ROC 曲线上, 最靠近坐标图左上方的点为灵敏度和 特异性均较高的临界值。 ROC曲线 AUC值在 1.0和 0.5之间。 在 AUO0.5的情况下, AUC越接近于 1, 说明诊断效果越好。 AUC在 0.5〜0.7时有较低准确性, AUC在 0.7〜0.9 时有一定准确性, AUC在 0.9以上时有较高准确性。
ROC曲线的评价方法与传统的评价方法不同, 根据实际情况, 允许有中间状态, 可以 把试验结果分为多个有序分类, 比如: 正常、 大致正常、 可疑、 大致异常和异常五个等级。
上述有序分类, 对于疾病的诊断而言, 可分为: 阴性、 不确定、 阳性。 进一步地, 对 于癌症诊断而言, 可分为: 癌症、 健康。
因此,以检测样本中蛋白 YKL40和 MASP2为例,本发明提高样本分类准确性的方法, 可以包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 分别测定样本中蛋白 YKL-40和 MASP2的含量;
(2 ) 以 YKL40与 MASP2蛋白含量的比值为变量, 根据不同的阈值对癌症诊断的灵 敏度和特异性绘制出 ROC曲线, 并计算曲线下面积 AUC; 以及
(3 ) 按照期望的灵敏度和特异性, 对测定样本进行分类 (癌症或健康)。
ROC曲线的绘制可以使用现有技术领域的软件或系统, 比如: MedCalc 9.2.0.1医学统 计软件、 SPSS 9.0、 ROCPOWER.SAS、 DESIGNROC.FOR、 MULTIREADER— POWER. S AS、 CREATE_ROC.SAS、 GB STAT VI 0.0 (Dynamic Microsystems, Inc. Silver Spring, MD, USA) 等等。
肝癌的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或病程监测
本发明在医学领域的具体应用, 主要体现在肝癌的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或 病程监测方面, 包括操作方法以及实现该方法的器具一试剂盒。 众所周知, 肝炎的病程与 肝癌转化密切相关, 典型的病程为: 肝炎 (比如乙肝、 丙肝) →肝硬化→肝癌。 本发明人 的研究发现, 肝炎病毒的表达也可以作为肝癌检测的生物标志, 其与 YKL40和 MASP2的 表达结合起来, 进行联合检测可以显著提高肝癌诊断的成功率。 因此, 本发明还提供了一 种用于肝癌的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或病程监测的方法, 其包括: 检测个体血液 样本中肝炎病毒的表达; 检测个体血液样本中 YKL40和 MASP2的表达; 对测得的肝炎病 毒表达水平和 YKL40和 MASP2的表达水平进行数学分析; 以及根据数学分析结果, 对测 定血液样本进行分类, 做出肝癌的判断结果。 这种结果可分为: 肝癌前期、 肝癌中期、 肝 癌晚期等。
其中, 肝炎病毒的表达可以采用本技术领域标准的方法进行, 比如标准的血样检测试 纸法、 血样检测试剂盒法, 以及常规的血样化验方法, 等等。
显而易见, 将血液样本中肝炎病毒表达、 YKL40和 MASP2的表达整合在一个试剂盒 中检测, 将会带来肝癌检测的便利性、 时效性、 经济性。 因此, 本发明还提供了一种用于 肝癌的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或病程监测的联合测试试剂盒, 其至少包含: (1 ) 能够结合肝炎病毒、 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体; 以及 (2) 当肝炎病毒和 /或 YKL40和 /或 MASP2结合于 (1 ) 中限定的抗体时, 能够结合于肝炎病毒和 /或 YKL40和 MASP2的标 记抗体。 优选试剂盒还包含: (3 ) 由含有已知量肝炎病毒、 YKL40和 MASP2的溶液组成 的标准样, 该标准样可以来源于基因工程菌表达、 动物或人的体液; 以及 (4) 用于检测 的抗体标记物, 例如, 作为报告方法的酶标签比如辣根过氧化物酶, 或者荧光标记, 其可 以与抗体结合形成偶联物。
以下以个体的血清为样本进行肝癌诊断为例, 对本发明作进一步详细说明。 实施例 1 样本的采集
在浙江大学医学院一附院随机采取 25例 50-60岁肝癌患者的血清 1 mL; 作为阳性对 照,另采取 15例 50-60岁健康志愿者的正常血样 1 mL,进行 YKL40和 MASP2浓度测试。
测 YKL-40含量
根据厂商的指导, 使用 Quidel公司 (San Diego, CA, 美国) 的 YKL-40试剂盒、 并且 使用 Bio-Rad 680型酶标仪 (美国) 进行 ELISA操作, 包括:
1、 取出冷藏储存的试剂盒, 放置, 恢复温度至室温 (20-25 °C)。 计算要检测的标本总 数和质控数。 每个标本需要一个抗原包被孔。 每次实验都要做阳性对照、 阴性对照和校准 品。 确定需要的微孔数量。 当板条温度至室温时, 打开板条的保护袋, 拿出抗原包被的微 孔板条。 本次实验不需要使用的试剂条应放入这个可重新密封的袋子, 密封, 重新存放在 2-8 °C。
2、依次在微孔板上加入 20 的标准液、对照液和血清样本。此过程务必在三十分钟 内完成。
3、 在每个微孔中加入 100 的捕获液, 用移液器在孔中反复吹打进行混匀。
4、 用微孔板盖盖好板, 在室温下 (18-25 °C)进行温育 55— 65分钟。
5、 按下述步骤手工洗板 3次:
A、 剧烈摇动并倒掉板中的液体;
' B、 在孔中加满洗液。 保证孔中无残余气泡。
C、 再重复前两步骤两次。
D、 摇动并去除孔中的洗液。 把板翻转, 在纸巾上轻拍, 以便能拍干所有洗液。 观察 微孔板, 确保无残留的洗液。
6、 在酶标抗体复合物的瓶子里加入 7 mL的再生缓冲液, 存放于室温下待用。
7、 按照同样的次序把稀释好的酶复合物加 100 到微孔板上
8、 用微孔板盖盖好板, 在室温下 (18-28 °C ) 进行温育 55— 65分钟。
9、 配制底物, 在底物缓冲液中加入一片底物固体, 30-60分钟后溶解, 强烈摇晃, 使 溶液完全混合。
10、 按照步骤 5中 A到 D的方法进行洗板。
11、 以同样的速度和次序把底物液加 100 到每孔中。
12、 微孔板在室温下 (18-28 °C)进行温育 55— 65分钟。
13、 以同样的速度和次序在每个孔中加入 100 的终止液。加了终止液后应轻轻敲打 微孔板, 确保样品全部混匀。 14、 设置酶标仪的检测波长在 405 nm处。 检测每个孔的 OD值。 应在加了终止液的 钟之内进行读数。
15、 用一线性校准曲线 "Y=mx+b"来分析 YKL-40或 MASP2的结果。
16、 通过标准曲线来读出血清样本和对照液中 YKL-40或 MASP2的浓度。
结果
经上述步骤, 得到的检测结果如表 1所示。
表 1
血清中蛋白浓度 (ng/mL)
样品编号 诊断结果 YKL-40 MASP-2 YKL-40/MASP2的比值
1 肝癌 782.2 1359.9 57.52
2 肝癌 76.8 250.2 30.70
3 肝癌 705 195.7 360.25
4 肝癌 1444.6 90.3 1599.78
5 肝癌 165.3 281.75 58.67
6 肝癌 98.7 248.4 39.73
7 肝癌 317.2 58.5 542.22
8 肝癌 354.1 81.6 433.95
9 肝癌 21 1 .7 167.2 126.61
10 肝癌 87.8 33.9 259.00
1 1 肝癌 734.4 292.9 250.73
12 肝癌 184.4 935.9 19.70
13 肝癌 94.6 206.4 45.83
14 肝癌 313 208.3 150.26
15 肝癌 137.3 124.7 1 10.10
16 肝癌 475.3 241 .6 196.73
17 肝癌 66.5 282.7 23.52
18 肝癌 177.62 244.54 72.63
19 肝癌 59.96 426.67 14.05
20 肝癌 44.96 80.29 56.00
21 肝癌 99.9 630.05 15.86
22 肝癌 1 15.68 215.56 53.66
23 肝癌 183.47 339.71 54.01
24 肝癌 440.81 106.86 412.51
25 肝癌 36.09 244.06 14.79
26 健康 34.4 185 18.59
27 健康 21 .5 171 12.57
28 健康 57.3 724 7.91
29 健康 54 443.9 12.16
30 健康 62.9 356.2 17.66
3 1 健康 47.5 330.7 14.36
32 健康 25.8 699.9 3.69
33 健康 43.8 837.7 5.23
34 健康 48.5 470.5 10.3 1
35 健康 16.7 384.2 4.35
36 健康 14.8 739.4 2.00
37 健康 39.6 469.4 8.44
38 健康 1 1 363.2 3.03
39 健康 10.4 330.1 3.15
40 健康 265.8 530.1 50.14 由表 1可以看出, YKL-40的浓度与肝癌症状有密切的相关性, 即, 肝癌患者血清中 YKL-40蛋白的含量明显高于健康志愿者血清中的含量。
ROC曲线绘制
使用 GB STAT V10.0 (Dynamic Microsystems, Inc. Silver Spring, MD USA)系统, 以 YKL-40蛋白含量为变量,根据不同的阈值对癌症诊断的灵敏度和特异性绘制出 ROC曲线, 并计算曲线下面积 AUC; 绘制出 ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积 (AUC), 如图 1所示。
图 1显示, ROC曲线的 AUC为 0.98。 当 YKL-40浓度的阈值为 0.87 (ng/mL) 时, 诊 断肝癌的灵敏度为 0.92 (即 92%), 1-特异性为 0.87 (即 87%), 诊断肝癌的成功率为 0.9 (即 90%)。 实施例 2
测 MASP2含量
采用与实施例 1项类似的步骤, 不同之处在于: 根据厂商的指导, 使用荷兰 Hycult生 物技术公司 (Uden, 荷兰) 的 MASP2试剂盒进行 ELISA操作, 检测血清样本中 MASP2 蛋白的浓度。 结果如表 1所示。
由表 1可以看出, MASP2的浓度也与肝癌症状有密切的相关性, gP, 肝癌患者血清中 MASP2蛋白的含量明显低于健康志愿者血清中的含量。
ROC曲线绘制
使用 GB STAT V10.0系统, 以 MASP2蛋白含量为变量, 根据不同的阈值对癌症诊断 的灵敏度和特异性绘制出 ROC曲线, 并计算曲线下面积 (AUC), 如图 2所示。
图 2显示, 当 MASP2浓度的阈值为 292.9 ng/mL时, 诊断肝癌的灵敏度为 0.87, 1- 特异性为 0.77, 实际诊断肝癌的成功率为 0.8。 实施例 3
结合使用 YKL40和 MASP2, 即, 使用 GB STAT V10.0系统, 以 YKL40和 MASP2 蛋白含量的比值为变量, 根据不同的阈值对癌症诊断的灵敏度和特异性绘制出 ROC曲线, 绘制出 ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积 AUC, 如图 3所示。
图 3显示, 当阈值为 12.57 (比值) 时, 诊断的灵敏度为 100%, 实际诊断肝癌的成功 率为 90%。 大大高于目前常用的甲胎蛋白检测成功率 (基本为 70%)。
另外, 通过图 3与图 1和 2的比较可以看出, 当阈值为 12.57时, 联合检测 YKL40和 MASP2时的肝癌诊断的灵敏度高于使用任何一种单一标记物 (结合使用时的灵敏度为 1, 使用单一 YKL40或 MASP2时灵敏度分别为 0.92和 0.87), 实际诊断肝癌的成功率为 0.9。
虽然以上以各自独立的 YKL40或 MASP2试剂盒进行 ELISA操作, 以肝癌诊断为例, 绘制出联合检测 YKL40和 MASP2的 ROC曲线, 对本发明的技术方案进行了阐述, 但是 根据本发明的公开, 本发明的方法毫无疑问可以推广至其他一些疾病的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测及病情发展监测, 这对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。 因此, 在不 违背本发明的思想下, 本领域技术人员可以在此基础上对本发明作出的各种改动或者修 改, 同样应属于本发明的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种提高样本分类准确性的方法, 其特征在于, 联合检测样本中的蛋白 YKL-40和 MASP2。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述联合检测包括:
( 1 ) 检测样本中 YKL-40和 MASP2的含量;
(2 ) 对测得的 YKL-40和 MASP2含量进行数学分析; 以及
(3 ) 根据数学分析结果, 对测定样本进行分类。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 YKL-40和 MASP2的含量分别
4. 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述数学分析为绘制 ROC曲线, 其中以 Y L40与 MASP2蛋白含量的比值为变量, 根据不同的阚值绘制出 ROC曲线, 并计算曲 线下面积 AUC; 并且按照期望的灵敏度和特异性, 对测定样本进行分类。
5. 如权利要求 1~4中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 YKL-40和 MASP2中的 至少一个的含量使用 ELISA技术完成。
6. 如权利要求 1~4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述样本选自于由全血、血浆、 血清、 尿液、 脑脊液、 唾液、 和眼泪所构成的组。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 用于癌症的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监 测及病程监测。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述癌症是肝癌。
9. 一种用于实施如权利要求 1~8中任一项所述方法的试剂盒, 其包含:
( 1 ) 能够结合 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体; 以及
(2) 当 YKL40和 /或 MASP2结合于 (1 ) 中限定的抗体时, 能够结合于 YKL40和 MASP2的标记抗体。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 还包含:
( 3 ) 由含有己知量 YKL40和 MASP2的溶液组成的标准样; 以及
(4) 用于检测的抗体标记物, 其可以与抗体结合形成偶联物。
11. 一种对个体特定组织或器官的癌症或疾病进行诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或 病程监测的方法, 其包括:
(1) 测定个体血液样本中癌症或疾病高表达的蛋白或基因;
(2) 测定特定组织或器官特异的蛋白或基因在血液中的低表达;
(3) 对测得的蛋白含量或基因表达结果进行数学分析; 以及
(4) 根据数学分析结果, 对测定个体样本进行分类, 做出癌症或疾病的诊断结果。
12. 一种用于肝癌的诊断、 预后评估、 治疗效果监测或病程监测的方法, 其包括:
(1) 检测个体血液样本中肝炎病毒的表达;
(2) 检测个体血液样本中 YKL40和 MASP2的表达:
(3) 对测得的肝炎病毒表达水平和 YKL40和 MASP2的表达水平进行数学分析; 以 及
(4) 根据数学分析结果, 对测定血液样本进行分类, 做出肝癌的判断结果。
13. 一种用于实施如权利要求 12所述方法的试剂盒, 其包含:
(1) 能够结合肝炎病毒、 YKL40和 MASP2的抗体; 以及
(2) 当肝炎病毒和 /或 YKL40和 /或 MASP2结合于 (1) 中限定的抗体时, 能够结合 于肝炎病毒和 /或 YKL40和 MASP2的标记抗体。
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