WO2009130815A1 - 排ガス処理システム及び排ガス中の水銀除去方法 - Google Patents
排ガス処理システム及び排ガス中の水銀除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009130815A1 WO2009130815A1 PCT/JP2008/071052 JP2008071052W WO2009130815A1 WO 2009130815 A1 WO2009130815 A1 WO 2009130815A1 JP 2008071052 W JP2008071052 W JP 2008071052W WO 2009130815 A1 WO2009130815 A1 WO 2009130815A1
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- hydrochloric acid
- exhaust gas
- hydrogen chloride
- mercury
- boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8665—Removing heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/50—Inorganic acids
- B01D2251/502—Hydrochloric acid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system for removing mercury from the exhaust gas of a boiler and a method for removing mercury from the exhaust gas.
- coal fired boilers are equipped with a wet desulfurization device for removing sulfur content in exhaust gas.
- a desulfurization device for removing sulfur content in exhaust gas.
- chlorine (Cl) content in the exhaust gas increases, the proportion of divalent metal mercury soluble in water increases. It is widely known that mercury is easily collected by the desulfurization apparatus.
- a removal method using an adsorbent such as activated carbon or a selenium filter is known.
- an adsorbent such as activated carbon or a selenium filter
- a special adsorption removal means is required, and a large-capacity exhaust gas such as power plant exhaust gas is treated. Not suitable for.
- a chlorinating agent is gas-sprayed in the upstream process of the high-temperature denitration equipment in the flue, and mercury is oxidized (chlorinated) on the denitration catalyst to produce water-soluble chloride.
- a method has been proposed in which mercury is absorbed by a downstream wet desulfurization apparatus (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the apparatus and technique for gas spraying into the flue has been put to practical use in the NH 3 spraying apparatus of the denitration apparatus, and the same means can be adopted for gas spraying of the chlorinating agent.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a conventional mercury removal system.
- the exhaust gas treatment system 100 removes nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas 12 from the coal fired boiler 11 that supplies coal as the fuel F, and sprays hydrogen chloride 23 into the gas.
- Denitration device 13 for mercury oxidation air heater 14 for recovering heat in the gas after removal of nitrogen oxides
- dust collector 15 for removing soot and dust in the gas after heat recovery
- sulfur oxidation in the gas after dust removal It comprises a desulfurization device 16 that removes substances, a chimney 17 that discharges the gas after desulfurization to the outside, and a hydrochloric acid vaporization device 21 that generates the hydrogen chloride 23.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional mercury removal system.
- reference numerals 41 and 42 are mercury monitors, 43 is a redox potential measurement control device (ORP controller), 45 is gypsum slurry (dilute sulfuric acid) containing mercury discharged from the desulfurization device, and 46 is a belt filter. , 47 is gypsum, 60 is a lime supply device, and 61 is lime (powder or slurry).
- Patent Document 3 instead of spraying hydrogen chloride into the exhaust gas, it has been proposed to supply a chlorine compound in the fuel in order to generate hydrogen chloride during combustion of the boiler.
- coal type depending on the type of coal used in the power plant (so-called coal type), the chlorine concentration varies, but even when using a coal type with a high chlorine concentration, a large amount of 35% hydrochloric acid is required, of which 80% Dilute hydrochloric acid will be discharged. For this reason, when a recycling plant is constructed as ancillary equipment in order to treat the dilute hydrochloric acid in the waste, it is necessary to install a set of the plant, and the installation cost and the maintenance cost increase.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas treatment system and a method for removing mercury in exhaust gas, which can reduce operating costs.
- a first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a denitration apparatus that removes nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas from an industrial boiler and oxidizes mercury by spraying hydrogen chloride into the exhaust gas, and denitration A desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas later, a chimney that discharges the desulfurized gas to the outside, a hydrochloric acid vaporizer that supplies concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate hydrogen chloride, and a hydrochloric acid vaporizer that is discharged from the hydrochloric acid vaporizer A dilute hydrochloric acid or a hydrochloric acid neutralization tank for neutralizing either one or both of the concentrated hydrochloric acid with an alkaline agent, supplying the neutralized chloride to the fuel, and then burning it in an industrial boiler,
- An exhaust gas treatment system is characterized in that mercury is generated together with sprayed hydrogen chloride by generating hydrogen chloride therein.
- a second invention is a spraying device for spraying hydrogen chloride onto exhaust gas from a coal fired boiler, a denitration device for removing mercury oxide in the exhaust gas after spraying with hydrogen chloride and oxidizing mercury, and nitrogen oxide removal
- An air heater that recovers the heat in the later gas
- a dust collector that removes the soot and dust in the gas after the heat recovery
- a desulfurizer that removes sulfur oxide in the gas after the dust removal, and exhausts the desulfurized gas to the outside
- a chimney that generates hydrogen chloride by supplying concentrated hydrochloric acid
- a hydrochloric acid neutralization tank that neutralizes one or both of dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid discharged from the hydrochloric acid vaporizer with an alkaline agent
- a third invention is characterized in that in the first or second invention, the desulfurization waste water discharged from the desulfurization device or the treated waste water from which heavy metals are removed from the desulfurization waste water is supplied to a hydrochloric acid neutralization tank. In the processing system.
- the apparatus includes a hydrogen chloride monitor that measures a hydrogen chloride concentration between the boiler and the denitration apparatus, and feedback control of supply of chloride
- the exhaust gas treatment system is characteristic.
- the fifth invention is an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein a chlorine concentration in the exhaust gas between the boiler and the denitration apparatus is 1000 ppm or less.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention while removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas from an industrial boiler, hydrogen chloride is sprayed into the exhaust gas to oxidize mercury, and the diluted hydrochloric acid discharged after generating the hydrogen chloride is alkalinized.
- the exhaust gas characterized by neutralizing with an agent, then supplying the neutralized chloride to the fuel, burning it in a boiler, generating hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas, and removing mercury together with the sprayed hydrogen chloride Mercury removal method.
- dilute hydrochloric acid discharged as waste is neutralized, and hydrogen chloride is generated by supplying it to a boiler as a chloride and combusting it. Can be removed.
- the desulfurization effluent discharged from the desulfurizer is neutralized and burned in a boiler as a chloride aqueous solution, the amount of wastewater discharged to the outside can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system showing an example of application of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system showing an example of application of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system showing another example of application of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system of a conventional facility.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fuel supply apparatus.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system according to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system according to a first embodiment.
- the exhaust gas treatment system 10 removes nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas 12 from the coal fired boiler 11, and sprays hydrogen chloride 23 into the gas to oxidize mercury.
- Denitration device 13 air heater 14 for recovering heat in the gas after removal of nitrogen oxides, dust collector 15 for removing dust in the gas after heat recovery, and sulfur oxide in the gas after dust removal Desulfurization device 16, chimney 17 for discharging the gas after desulfurization to the outside, hydrochloric acid vaporization device 21 for vaporizing concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% HCl) to obtain hydrogen chloride 23, dilute hydrochloric acid discharged from hydrochloric acid vaporization device 21 ( And a hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30 for neutralizing 22% HCl) with an alkali agent 31, and a fuel supply device for neutralized chloride (for example, calcium chloride when calcium carbonate is used as chloride) To 33 After mixing with coal as a fuel 70 is burned in the boiler 11 as a fuel F, to generate hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas, and removing the mercury together with sprayed hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid vaporizer 21.
- reference numerals 41 and 42 denote mercury monitors
- 43 denotes an
- the desulfurization device 16 is supplied with lime (slurry or powder) 61 from the lime supply device 60 to desulfurize sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas and discharge it to the outside as a gypsum slurry 45, and a solid filter such as a belt filter 46.
- the gypsum 47 is separated by the liquid separation means, and the desulfurization waste water 48 which is the separation liquid is agglomerated and precipitated by the waste water treatment device 50 with the flocculant by the waste water treatment device 50 and discharged to the outside as the treated waste water 51. I have to.
- concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% hydrochloric acid) as a raw material is carried from the outside through a carry-in tank trolley 23A, temporarily stored in a 35% hydrochloric acid tank 22A, and supplied to the hydrochloric acid vaporizer 21, where it is chlorinated. Hydrogen 23 is vaporized.
- the recovered diluted hydrochloric acid recovered by vaporizing the hydrogen chloride 23 has a concentration of about 22% and is stored in the 22% hydrochloric acid tank 22B.
- the dilute hydrochloric acid is supplied to the hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30 and neutralized with an alkaline agent to obtain a chloride 32.
- concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% hydrochloric acid) supplied to the hydrochloric acid vaporizer 21 may be supplied to the hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30 alone or in combination instead of the dilute hydrochloric acid to be recovered.
- supplying concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% hydrochloric acid) is preferable because hydrogen chloride can be reliably generated in the exhaust gas from boiler 11.
- the alkali agent is not particularly limited, but it is not necessary to purchase an alkali agent separately by using lime (calcium carbonate) used in the desulfurization apparatus.
- lime calcium carbonate
- known alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide can be used.
- the obtained chloride is supplied to the fuel supply facility 33 through the supply pipe 33c as calcium chloride (aqueous solution state) as shown in FIG. 6, where the fuel (coal) 70 and the feeder 33b are supplied from the hopper 33a. It is mixed in, supplied to the boiler 11 as fuel (containing calcium chloride) F, and mixed and burned. During this combustion, the chloride 32 in the fuel is burned, and as a result, hydrogen chloride is generated.
- recovered dilute hydrochloric acid (22% HCl) discharged as waste is neutralized in the hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30, and the neutralized chloride 32 is supplied to the boiler 11 and combusted.
- hydrogen chloride is generated, and mercury in the exhaust gas can be surely removed together with separately sprayed hydrogen chloride.
- the recovered dilute hydrochloric acid is neutralized and reused as a chlorine compound, and the chlorine compound is combusted in a boiler to generate second hydrogen chloride from the boiler, which is derived from concentrated hydrochloric acid installed in the past. Since mercury in the exhaust gas can be removed together with the first hydrogen chloride from the hydrochloric acid vaporizer 21, the first chloride derived from the hydrochloric acid vaporizer 21 is generated by the amount of second hydrogen chloride derived from the boiler 11. The amount of hydrogen generated can be reduced. As a result, the carry-in amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% HCl) purchased from the outside in order to remove mercury is also greatly reduced.
- the conversion rate to be hydrogen chloride by combustion in the boiler is generally about 40 to 60% (about 50%) although it depends on the combustion conditions of the boiler. Therefore, as the supply amount of the chloride 32 to the fuel 70, the supply ratio of chloride to coal is preferably about 2000 mg / Kg or less in consideration of corrosion of equipment such as the boiler 11.
- the chlorine concentration in the exhaust gas between the boiler 11 and the denitration device 13 should be 1000 ppm or less. Is preferred. For this reason, a hydrogen chloride monitor 71 for measuring the hydrogen chloride concentration is installed between the boiler 11 and the denitration device 13 so that the supply of the chloride 32 is feedback controlled.
- mercury in the exhaust gas can be efficiently removed, and the concentration of chlorine in the treated waste water 51 discharged to the outside from the desulfurization device 16 is reduced to a predetermined environment by setting the concentration of hydrogen chloride sprayed in the exhaust gas to 1000 ppm or less. It can be below the emission standard value.
- PRB coal when using coal as the fuel 70 supplied to the boiler 11, besides using bituminous coal, PRB coal can also be used.
- PRB Powder. River Basin
- PRB Low-chlorine coal
- the amount of hydrogen chloride generated is small. Therefore, when the recovered diluted hydrochloric acid is not reused as in the present invention, the consumption of concentrated hydrochloric acid is normal bituminous coal. Larger than the case.
- recovered dilute hydrochloric acid (22% HCl) generated from hydrogen chloride from concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% HCl) is neutralized to form chloride 32, which is burned in boiler 11 as hydrogen chloride.
- dilute hydrochloric acid discharged as a by-product generated during the exhaust gas treatment is not discarded as it is, but reused again in the boiler.
- hydrogen chloride is generated and mercury in the exhaust gas is oxidized and removed together with the sprayed hydrogen chloride, so that the dilute hydrochloric acid can be reused to greatly improve the recycling efficiency.
- the amount of chlorine contained will vary greatly, and as a result, the supply amount of hydrogen chloride will vary depending on the type of coal, Even when the amount of hydrochloric acid consumed varies depending on the type of coal, the amount of hydrogen chloride generated can be adjusted by reusing the recovered diluted hydrochloric acid.
- the recovered dilute hydrochloric acid is reused to generate hydrogen chloride from the chloride to make up for it, so the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid to be carried in is reduced and the cost is greatly reduced compared to the conventional case.
- the present invention is applied to removing mercury in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas treatment system 10A in FIG. 2 is a coal fired boiler as the boiler of the exhaust gas treatment system 10 in FIG.
- the exhaust gas treatment systems 10B and 10C in FIGS. 3 and 4 are modifications thereof.
- the exhaust gas treatment system 100A of FIG. 5 is a comparative example and is a schematic diagram of the prior art exhaust gas treatment system 100 shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the exhaust gas treatment system is the same as that in FIG. 2 to 4, reference numeral 63 is limestone, 64 is a lime supply device, and 65 is lime (calcium carbonate).
- the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid used is reduced to about 1.3 t / h and the disposal cost is eliminated.
- a part 48B of the desulfurization waste water 48 discharged from the desulfurization device 16 is supplied to the hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30 to dilute the aqueous chloride solution, By burning, the amount of wastewater discharged to the outside can be greatly reduced.
- this desulfurization waste water 48 calcium chloride produced by the lime gypsum method is present in an aqueous solution state (about 20000 ppm).
- the chloride concentration can be increased. it can.
- the supply amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid can be reduced by about 20% to 1.0 t / h.
- the dilution amount is set so as not to hinder the operation of the boiler, and about 55 to 60% may be used as the dilution water.
- the treated waste water 51B may be supplied to the hydrochloric acid neutralization tank 30 as shown in the exhaust gas treatment system 10C of FIG.
- the purchase cost of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 790 million yen / year, and the treatment cost of dilute hydrochloric acid is 410 million yen / year.
- the purchase cost of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 490 million yen / year, and the purchase cost of concentrated hydrochloric acid is about 300 million yen / year less than the conventional equipment.
- dilute hydrochloric acid treatment costs are eliminated. Therefore, overall, a reduction of 710 million yen / year is possible compared to the conventional equipment.
- the purchase cost of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 350 million yen / year, and the purchase cost of concentrated hydrochloric acid is about 4.4 billion yen / year less than the conventional equipment. And dilute hydrochloric acid treatment costs are eliminated. Therefore, overall, a reduction of 850 million yen / year is possible compared with the conventional equipment.
- a coal fired boiler using coal as a fuel has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a fuel such as RDF or industrial waste is combusted and exhaust gas is discharged.
- a fuel such as RDF or industrial waste
- exhaust gas is discharged.
- hydrogen chloride may be generated by combustion, and mercury in the exhaust gas may be surely removed together with the sprayed hydrogen chloride.
- the hydrogen chloride supply device neutralizes the dilute hydrochloric acid discharged as waste to make chloride, and it can be reused as hydrogen chloride by burning it in a boiler. It is suitable for use in hydrochloric acid treatment of exhaust gas at a place.
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Abstract
Description
図7に示すように、従来技術に係る排ガス処理システム100は、燃料Fとして石炭を供給する石炭焚ボイラ11からの排ガス12中の窒素酸化物を除去すると共に、ガス中に塩化水素23を噴霧して水銀酸化する脱硝装置13と、窒素酸化物除去後のガス中の熱を回収するエアヒータ14と、熱回収後のガス中の煤塵を除去する集塵機15と、除塵後のガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置16と、脱硫後のガスを外部に排出する煙突17と、前記塩化水素23を発生させる塩酸気化装置21とを具備するものである。
なお、図7中、符号41、42は水銀モニタ、43は酸化還元電位測定制御装置(ORPコントローラ)、45は脱硫装置から排出される水銀を含んだ石膏スラリー(希硫酸)、46はベルトフィルタ、47は石膏、60は石灰供給装置、61は石灰(粉体又はスラリー)を図示する。
このため、廃棄物の希塩酸を処理するために、付帯設備としてリサイクルプラントを建設するとなると、プラントを一式設置する必要があり、その設置費用及び維持費用が嵩むこととなる。
12 排ガス
13 脱硝装置
14 エアヒータ
15 集塵機
16 脱硫装置
17 煙突
21 塩酸気化装置
23 塩化水素
30 塩酸中和槽
32 中和後の塩化物
64 石灰供給装置
先ず、図1に示すように、本実施例に係る排ガス処理システム10は、石炭焚ボイラ11からの排ガス12中の窒素酸化物を除去すると共に、ガス中に塩化水素23を噴霧して水銀酸化する脱硝装置13と、窒素酸化物除去後のガス中の熱を回収するエアヒータ14と、熱回収後のガス中の煤塵を除去する集塵機15と、除塵後のガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置16と、脱硫後のガスを外部に排出する煙突17と、濃塩酸(35%HCl)を気化して塩化水素23を得る塩酸気化装置21と、塩酸気化装置21から排出される希塩酸(22%HCl)をアルカリ剤31で中和する塩酸中和槽30とを具備してなり、中和後の塩化物(例えば塩化物として炭酸カルシウムを用いた場合には塩化カルシウム)を燃料供給装置33に供給して燃料70である石炭と混合した後に燃料Fとしてボイラ11で燃焼させ、排ガス中に塩化水素を発生させて、塩酸気化装置21からの噴霧した塩化水素と共に水銀を除去するものである。
なお、図1中、符号41、42は水銀モニタ、43は酸化還元電位測定制御装置(ORPコントローラ)、44は空気を各々図示する。
塩化水素23を気化して回収された回収希塩酸は22%程度の濃度となり、22%塩酸タンク22Bに貯蔵される。
そして、希塩酸は塩酸中和槽30に供給して、アルカリ剤で中和され、塩化物32を得ている。
特に塩酸気化装置21が停止した場合等において、濃塩酸(35%塩酸)を供給することで、塩化水素をボイラ11からの排ガス中に確実に発生することができ好ましいものとなる。
この燃焼の際に、燃料中の塩化物32が燃焼される結果、塩化水素を発生することとなる。
また、回収希塩酸を中和して塩素化合物として再利用すると共に、当該塩素化合物をボイラで燃焼させることで、ボイラからの第2の塩化水素を発生させ、従前から設置されている濃塩酸由来の塩酸気化装置21からの第1の塩化水素と共に、排ガス中の水銀を除去することができるので、ボイラ11由来の第2の塩化水素の発生量分だけ、塩酸気化装置21由来の第1の塩化水素の発生量を低減することができる。この結果、水銀を除去するために、外部から購入する濃塩酸(35%HCl)の搬入量も大幅な低減となる。
よって、塩化物32の燃料70への供給量としては、ボイラ11など設備の腐食を考慮して石炭に対する塩化物の供給割合を約2000mg/Kg以下とするとよい。
このため、前記ボイラ11と脱硝装置13との間において塩化水素濃度を計測する塩化水素モニタ71を設置し、塩化物32の供給をフィードバック制御するようにしている。
ここで、PRB(Powder. River Basin)炭とは、米国内で安価かつ豊富に得られるものであり、瀝青炭よりもその塩素分濃度が低く、約1/10程度である。
よって、このような低塩素分の石炭の場合には、塩化水素の発生量が少ないので、本発明のように、回収希塩酸を再利用しない場合には、濃塩酸消費量が通常の瀝青炭を用いる場合より多量となる。しかしながら、本発明のように、濃塩酸(35%HCl)から塩化水素を発生した回収希塩酸(22%HCl)を中和して塩化物32とし、これをボイラ11で燃焼させて、塩化水素として補完することにより、希塩酸の再利用を図ると共に、濃塩酸の使用量を大幅に低減することができることとなる。
ここで、図2の排ガス処理システム10Aは、図1の排ガス処理システム10のボイラを石炭焚ボイラとしたものである。図3及び図4の排ガス処理システム10B及び10Cはその変形例である。また、図5の排ガス処理システム100Aは、比較例であり図7に示す従来技術の排ガス処理システム100の概略図である。なお、排ガス処理システムの構成は図1と同様であるので、重複した部分の説明は省略する。
なお、図2~図4中、符号63は石灰石、64は石灰供給装置、65は石灰(炭酸カルシウム)である。
なお、希釈量はボイラの運転に支障が生じない程度とし、約55~60%程度を希釈水として用いるようにしてもよい。
これに対し、図2に示す排ガス処理システム10Aの場合は、濃塩酸の購入費用が4.9億円/年であり、従来設備よりも濃塩酸の購入費用が約3億円/年の削減が可能となると共に、希塩酸の処理費用は皆無となる。よって、総合的には従来設備よりも7.1億円/年の削減が可能となる。
また、従来設備の希塩酸を外部へ廃棄する場合には、希塩酸を発電所設備内に貯蔵する貯蔵タンクを耐酸性のタンクとする必要があるので、従来設備の建設コストも大幅に向上するものとなる。
Claims (6)
- 産業ボイラからの排ガス中の窒素酸化物を除去すると共に、排ガス中に塩化水素を噴霧して水銀を酸化する脱硝装置と、
脱硝後の排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置と、
脱硫後のガスを外部に排出する煙突と、
濃塩酸を供給して塩化水素を発生させる塩酸気化装置と、
前記塩酸気化装置から排出される希塩酸又は前記濃塩酸のいずれか一方又は両方をアルカリ剤で中和する塩酸中和槽とを具備してなり、
前記中和後の塩化物を燃料に供給した後に産業ボイラで燃焼させ、排ガス中に塩化水素を発生させて噴霧した塩化水素と共に水銀を除去することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 石炭焚ボイラからの排ガスに塩化水素を噴霧する噴霧装置と、
塩化水素噴霧後の排ガス中の窒素酸化物を除去すると共に、水銀を酸化する脱硝装置と、
窒素酸化物除去後のガス中の熱を回収するエアヒータと、
熱回収後のガス中の煤塵を除去する集塵機と、
除塵後のガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置と、
脱硫後のガスを外部に排出する煙突と、
濃塩酸を供給して塩化水素を発生させる塩酸気化装置と、
前記塩酸気化装置から排出される希塩酸又は前記濃塩酸のいずれか一方又は両方をアルカリ剤で中和する塩酸中和槽とを具備してなり、
中和後の塩化物を石炭供給装置に供給して石炭と混合した後に石炭焚ボイラで燃焼させ、排ガス中に塩化水素を発生させて噴霧した塩化水素と共に水銀を除去することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記脱硫装置から排出される脱硫排水又は脱硫排水から重金属類を除去した処理排水を塩酸中和槽に供給してなることを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つにおいて、
前記ボイラと脱硝装置との間において塩化水素濃度を計測する塩化水素モニタを有し、塩化物の供給をフィードバック制御することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つにおいて、
前記ボイラと脱硝装置との間の排ガス中の塩素分濃度が1000ppm以下であることを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 産業ボイラからの排ガス中の窒素酸化物を除去しつつ、排ガス中に塩化水素を噴霧して水銀を酸化すると共に、
前記塩化水素を発生させた後に排出される希塩酸をアルカリ剤で中和し、
その後中和後の塩化物を燃料に供給した後にボイラで燃焼させ、排ガス中に塩化水素を発生させて噴霧した塩化水素と共に水銀を除去することを特徴とする排ガス中の水銀除去方法。
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