WO2009123633A1 - Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009123633A1
WO2009123633A1 PCT/US2008/059127 US2008059127W WO2009123633A1 WO 2009123633 A1 WO2009123633 A1 WO 2009123633A1 US 2008059127 W US2008059127 W US 2008059127W WO 2009123633 A1 WO2009123633 A1 WO 2009123633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
exhaust stream
heater
diesel
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/059127
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey A. Brooks
Original Assignee
Mack Trucks, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mack Trucks, Inc. filed Critical Mack Trucks, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2008/059127 priority Critical patent/WO2009123633A1/fr
Priority to CN2008801281645A priority patent/CN101981281A/zh
Priority to US12/936,151 priority patent/US20110016848A1/en
Priority to AU2008353964A priority patent/AU2008353964A1/en
Priority to JP2011502921A priority patent/JP5458090B2/ja
Priority to EP08744933.6A priority patent/EP2262983A4/fr
Publication of WO2009123633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009123633A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/04—Combinations of different methods of purification afterburning and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/06—Combinations of different methods of purification afterburning and filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/14—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, generally, to systems and methods for treating diesel exhaust gases and, more particularly, to systems and methods for treating non-stationary diesel exhaust gases.
  • Diesel engines tend to have low emissions of gas phase hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, however, they tend to have relatively high emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates. As standards for NOx and particulate emissions become more stringent, it is increasingly important to devise strategies for reducing these emissions.
  • a DPF can be used downstream of the engine to filter particulates from the engine exhaust. If too much soot collects in the DPF, the soot can burn in an uncontrolled manner and may crack or melt the DPF. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as a "runaway" or uncontrolled regeneration. Other problems can result from excessive soot accumulation in the DPF as well, such as an increase in engine backpressure, which can have an adverse effect on engine operation and affect fuel consumption.
  • the DPF is periodically cleaned by burning off the soot, through a so-called active regeneration operation in a controlled manner that does not ordinarily do serious damage the DPF.
  • Carbon in the filter reacts with NO 2 in the exhaust gas stream by the reactions NO 2 + C -> NO + CO and 2NO 2 + 2C -> N 2 + CO 2 .
  • the carbon soot particles typically require temperatures in excess of 500-550 0 C. Those temperatures are much higher than typical diesel exhaust temperatures.
  • a solution to this problem is to install a heater, such as a burner or electrical coils, upstream of the DPF to raise the exhaust stream temperature to a temperature suitable for regeneration, a technique typically referred to as "active" regeneration. Active regeneration results in some efficiency losses and thermal stress on the filter, and it is desirable to limit its use. Also, care must be taken to ensure that "runaway" regeneration, essentially uncontrolled combustion, does not occur and cause damage to the filter.
  • a heater such as a burner or electrical coils
  • a catalyst can be used.
  • the catalyst can be a so-called diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) that can be provided upstream of or on the DPF and causes NO in the exhaust stream to convert to NO 2 , thereby facilitating passive regeneration when the NO 2 reacts with the particles in the DPF.
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • NOx catalysts such as selective catalytic reduction catalysts
  • SCR lean NOx catalyst
  • LNC lean NOx catalysts
  • SCR catalysts are presently most common and can be very efficient at reducing NOx emissions to N 2 using NH 3 over a catalyst such as zeolite or V/Ti.
  • these catalysts typically operate most efficiently at relatively high temperatures, such as >300 0 C, which is often above the exhaust temperature for a diesel engine used in a vehicle application.
  • a system for treating diesel exhaust gases comprises an engine for producing a diesel exhaust stream, a diesel particulate filter downstream of the engine and adapted to remove particulates from the exhaust stream, a heater upstream of the filter adapted to deliver energy in sufficient amounts to the exhaust stream to cause active regeneration of the filter, and a diesel oxidation catalyst upstream of the heater adapted to cause passive regeneration of the filter when the exhaust stream is above a light-off temperature of the diesel oxidation catalyst.
  • a system for treating diesel exhaust gases comprises an engine for producing a diesel exhaust stream, a diesel particulate filter downstream of the engine and adapted to remove particulates from the exhaust stream, a heater upstream of the filter adapted to deliver energy to the exhaust stream, and a NOx reduction catalyst downstream of the heater.
  • a method for treating diesel exhaust gases comprises producing a diesel exhaust stream with a diesel engine, removing particulates from the exhaust stream with a diesel particulate filter downstream of the engine, periodically delivering energy from a heater to the exhaust stream upstream of the filter in sufficient amounts to cause active regeneration of the filter, and periodically heating a diesel oxidation catalyst upstream of the heater to a light-off temperature of the diesel oxidation catalyst to cause passive regeneration of the filter.
  • a method for treating diesel exhaust gases comprises producing a diesel exhaust stream with a diesel engine, removing particulates from the exhaust stream with a diesel particulate filter downstream of the engine, causing NOx reduction in the exhaust stream with a NOx reduction catalyst, and delivering energy from a heater upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst sufficient to raise a temperature of the NOx reduction catalyst to a temperature in an optimal range for NOx reduction by the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for treating diesel exhaust gases according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system for treating diesel exhaust gases according to another aspect of the present invention.
  • the system 21 includes an engine 23 for producing a diesel exhaust stream.
  • a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 25 is disposed in an exhaust line 27 downstream of the engine and is adapted to remove particulates from the exhaust stream.
  • a heater 29 is disposed upstream of the DPF 25 and is adapted to deliver energy in sufficient amounts to the exhaust stream to cause active regeneration of the DPF.
  • the heater 29 can be of any suitable type, such as a burner, electrical coils, or a diesel oxidation catalyst.
  • a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 31 is disposed upstream of the heater 29 and is adapted to cause passive regeneration of the DPF when the exhaust stream is above a light-off temperature of the DOC. If the heater 29 includes a diesel oxidation catalyst, the DOC 31 is a different diesel oxidation catalyst.
  • a diesel oxidation catalyst forming part or all of the heater 29 will be of a type adapted to raise temperatures upstream of the DPF 25 to temperatures sufficient to cause active regeneration.
  • the DOC 31 will typically be of a type that is adapted to cause NO in the exhaust stream to form NO 2 , usually at ordinary diesel exhaust temperatures.
  • regeneration of the DPF 25 can occur through passive regeneration when exhaust stream temperatures are above the light-off temperature of the DOC 31 and, when exhaust stream temperatures are too low to permit for adequate passive regeneration, the heater 29 can be operated to cause active regeneration. It is ordinarily desirable to increase exhaust stream temperatures to about 650 0 C upstream of the DPF 25 for active regeneration, however, an oxidation catalyst can be provided on the DPF, in which case temperature of the exhaust stream can be lower, such as around 600-625 0 C.
  • a NOx reduction catalyst 33 (shown in phantom) can be provided downstream of the heater 29.
  • the NOx reduction catalyst 33 will ordinarily be provided downstream of the DPF 25.
  • the heater 29 can be adapted to elevate the exhaust stream temperature to a temperature in an optimal range for NOx reduction by the catalyst, such as a temperature greater than 300 0 C.
  • an oxidation catalyst is provided on the DPF 25, it can be of a type designed to produce a desired ratio of the N0/N0 2 (usually about 1 : 1) for a fast, low temperature NOx reduction across the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • Providing an oxidation catalyst on the DPF 25 can lower the temperature required for active regeneration of the DPF, and can condition the exhaust gas going into the NOx reduction catalyst 33.
  • the oxidation catalyst on the DPF 25 can be formulated to increase passive regeneration activity in the DPF when the catalyst light-off temperature is met, regardless whether there is DOC upstream of the heater.
  • a controller 35 such as a suitable computer, can be provided for controlling operation of the heater 29.
  • a temperature sensor 37 can be provided for sensing a temperature in the exhaust stream. The temperature sensor 37 can send a signal corresponding to the temperature in the exhaust stream to the controller 35, and the controller can control the heater in response to the temperature signal.
  • the controller 35 can initiate control the heater 29 to deliver energy sufficient to cause active regeneration of the DPF.
  • a signal to the controller 35 from the temperature sensor 37 can also be used to cause the controller to control the heater 29 to deliver only enough energy to elevate the exhaust stream temperature to an optimal temperature range for NOx reduction.
  • the controller 35 may also receive a signal from a NOx sensor 39 that can provide a signal to the controller to cause the controller to control the heater 29 to deliver sufficient heat to the exhaust stream to reduce the NOx level.
  • the controller 35 can control the heater 29 in response to a variety of signals and inputs, including one or both of temperature and NOx levels from the temperature sensor 38 and the NOx sensor 39. There can, of course, be multiple temperature sensors, multiple NOx sensors, and multiple other sensors throughout the system 21 and the heater 29 can be controlled to optimize catalyst performance or regeneration as required.
  • a diesel exhaust stream is produced and particulates are removed from the exhaust stream with a diesel particulate DPF 25 downstream of the engine 23.
  • a heater 29 periodically delivers energy to the exhaust stream upstream of the DPF 25 in sufficient amounts to cause active regeneration of the DPF.
  • a DOC 31 upstream of the heater 29 is periodically heated to a light-off temperature of the DOC to cause passive regeneration of the DPF.
  • the DOC 31 can be heated to the light-off temperature by any suitable means, such as by increasing the load on the engine 23 so that the engine exhaust stream is hotter, or heating the exhaust stream with another heater (not shown).
  • a NOx reduction catalyst 33 can be provided to remove NOx from the exhaust stream downstream of the heater 29.
  • a temperature in the exhaust stream can be sensed by the temperature sensor 37 which can send a signal corresponding to the temperature in the exhaust stream to the controller 35 for controlling operation of the heater 29.
  • the heater 29 can be controlled by the controller 35 in response to the temperature signal for tuning the temperature of the exhaust stream to achieve optimal DPF 25 regeneration temperatures (whether for a catalyzed or uncatalyzed DPF) and/or optimal temperatures for NOx reduction by the particular NOx reduction catalyst 33.
  • FIG. 2 shows a system 121 for treating diesel exhaust gases according to another aspect of the present invention.
  • the system 121 includes an engine 123 for producing a diesel exhaust stream, a DPF 125 in an exhaust line 127 downstream of the engine and adapted to remove particulates from the exhaust stream, a heater upstream 129 of the DPF adapted to deliver energy to the exhaust stream, and a NOx reduction catalyst 133 downstream of the heater.
  • the system 121 can be arranged to tune the amount of energy delivered to the exhaust stream by the heater 129 to achieve optimal performance of the NOx reduction catalyst 133.
  • the heater 129 can be arranged to tune the amount of energy delivered to the exhaust stream by the heater to cause active regeneration of the DPF 125, usually about 650 0 C upstream of the DPF for an uncatalyzed DPF and about 600-626 0 C for a catalyzed DPF having a diesel oxidation catalyst coating.
  • a DOC 131 (shown in phantom) can be provided upstream of the heater 129.
  • the DOC 131 can be adapted to cause passive regeneration of the DPF 125 when the exhaust stream is above a light-off temperature of the DOC.
  • a controller 135 can be provided for controlling operation of the heater 129.
  • a temperature sensor 137 can be provided for sensing a temperature in the exhaust stream and sending a signal corresponding to the temperature in the exhaust stream to the controller 135.
  • the controller 135 can control the heater 129 in response to the temperature signal to achieve optimal performance of the NOx reduction catalyst and/or to cause active regeneration of the DPF.
  • Other sensors such as a NOx sensor 139, can be provided to provide input to the controller 135 for determining when operation of the heater 129 should be initiated, usually based upon modeling for the particular system involved.
  • a diesel exhaust stream is produced by an engine 123.
  • the NOx reduction catalyst 133 reduces NOx emissions in the exhaust stream.
  • Energy can be delivered to the exhaust stream from a heater 129 upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst 133 sufficient to raise a temperature of the NOx reduction catalyst to a temperature in an optimal range for NOx reduction by the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • Energy can also/instead be delivered to the exhaust stream from the heater 129 in sufficient amounts to elevate the temperature of the exhaust stream to a temperature sufficient to cause active regeneration of the DPF 125.
  • a controller 135 can control operation of the heater 129 to tune delivery of energy to the exhaust gas stream to obtain optimal temperatures for NOx reduction and/or to reach temperatures for active regeneration of the DPF 125.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système, pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel, qui comprend un moteur pour produire un courant d'échappement de diesel, un filtre à particules diesel en aval du moteur et conçu pour éliminer des particules du courant d'échappement, un élément chauffant en amont du filtre conçu pour distribuer au courant d'échappement de l'énergie en des quantités suffisantes pour provoquer une régénération active du filtre, et un catalyseur à oxydation de diesel en amont de l'élément chauffant conçu pour provoquer une régénération passive du filtre lorsque le courant d'échappement est au-dessus d'une température de réchauffage du catalyseur à oxydation de diesel. Un catalyseur de réduction de NOx peut être disposé en aval de l'élément chauffant. L'invention porte également sur des procédés pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel.
PCT/US2008/059127 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel WO2009123633A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/059127 WO2009123633A1 (fr) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel
CN2008801281645A CN101981281A (zh) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 用于处理柴油机排气的系统和方法
US12/936,151 US20110016848A1 (en) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 System and method for treating diesel exhaust gases
AU2008353964A AU2008353964A1 (en) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 System and method for treating diesel exhaust gases
JP2011502921A JP5458090B2 (ja) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 ディーゼル排気ガスを処理するためのシステムおよび方法
EP08744933.6A EP2262983A4 (fr) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/059127 WO2009123633A1 (fr) 2008-04-02 2008-04-02 Système et procédé pour traiter des gaz d'échappement de diesel

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EP (1) EP2262983A4 (fr)
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US9976459B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2018-05-22 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Regeneration of diesel particle filter
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US11499463B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2022-11-15 Paccar Inc Methods for evaluating diesel exhaust fluid quality
US11608766B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2023-03-21 Paccar Inc Ammonia storage capacity of SCR catalyst unit
US11661878B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2023-05-30 Paccar Inc Control of selective catalytic reduction in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines
US11725560B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2023-08-15 Paccar Inc Heater control in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines
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US11927126B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2024-03-12 Paccar Inc Methods for evaluating diesel exhaust fluid quality
US11976582B2 (en) 2020-07-21 2024-05-07 Paccar Inc Methods for diagnostics and operation of an emissions aftertreatment system
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EP2262983A4 (fr) 2015-10-14
JP2011516778A (ja) 2011-05-26
US20110016848A1 (en) 2011-01-27
JP5458090B2 (ja) 2014-04-02
AU2008353964A1 (en) 2009-10-08
CN101981281A (zh) 2011-02-23
EP2262983A1 (fr) 2010-12-22

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