WO2009123222A1 - 醗酵アルコールの精製処理方法 - Google Patents
醗酵アルコールの精製処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009123222A1 WO2009123222A1 PCT/JP2009/056726 JP2009056726W WO2009123222A1 WO 2009123222 A1 WO2009123222 A1 WO 2009123222A1 JP 2009056726 W JP2009056726 W JP 2009056726W WO 2009123222 A1 WO2009123222 A1 WO 2009123222A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
- C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- the present invention is a method for purifying fermentation alcohol, and in particular, in a method for purifying fermentation alcohol that combines a mash tower, a distillation column, and a membrane separation device, purifies the fermentation alcohol more easily and extremely efficiently. Regarding the method.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method in which an azeotropic mixture is distilled in a distillation tower, vapor of the azeotropic mixture is supplied to a membrane separation device, and separated by a separation membrane.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a separation apparatus comprising a distillation means and a membrane separation means having a zeolite membrane for separating mixed vapor distilled from the top of the distillation means.
- a separation apparatus comprising a distillation means and a membrane separation means having a zeolite membrane for separating mixed vapor distilled from the top of the distillation means.
- the ethanol / water mixture is vaporized with an ethanol concentration of 91.0% by mass by distillation means, and then purified with a zeolite membrane to an ethanol concentration of 99.5% by mass.
- the object of the present invention is to supply a fermentation alcohol aqueous solution to the mash tower, heat the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution in the mash tower to distill a distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water, and this distillate.
- a first condensate obtained by condensing the distillate is supplied to a distillation column, and the distillate or the first condensate is heated to distill a mixed vapor of alcohol and water from the distillation column.
- the second condensate obtained by condensing a part of the mixed steam of alcohol and water is refluxed to the distillation tower, and the remaining mixed steam of alcohol and water is superheated and then supplied to the membrane separator, and then the membrane
- a purification method for obtaining anhydrous alcohol from a fermented alcohol aqueous solution having a step of selectively removing water vapor from a mixed steam of alcohol and water in a separator the entire process is simpler and extremely energy-saving. It is to provide a method for purification treatment over efficiently.
- the present invention relates to the following matters. 1.
- Step 1) A fermented alcohol aqueous solution is supplied to the mash tower, and the distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water is distilled by heating the fermented alcohol aqueous solution in the mash tower, and this distillate or this distillate. Supplying the first condensate condensed with the product to the distillation column;
- Step 2) Second condensate obtained by heating the distillate or the first condensate in the distillation column to distill the mixed vapor of alcohol and water from the distillation column and condensing a part of this mixed vapor.
- Step 3 A purification treatment method for obtaining anhydrous alcohol from a fermented alcohol aqueous solution having a step of selectively removing water vapor from a mixed steam of alcohol and water in a membrane separator,
- the mash tower is controlled so that the alcohol concentration of the distillate distilled by the mash tower is less than 50% by mass
- the second condensate is distilled so that the operating pressure in the distillation column is 150 kPa (absolute pressure) or higher and the alcohol concentration of the mixed vapor distilled by the distillation column is 55 to 85% by mass.
- Item 3 The method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein, in Step 2, the reflux amount is less than 50% of the mixed steam of alcohol and water distilled by the distillation column.
- Item 5 The method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein an alkaline component is added and neutralized before feeding the aqueous fermentation alcohol solution to the mash tower.
- a fermentation alcohol aqueous solution is supplied to the mash tower, the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution in the mash tower is heated to distill a distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water, and the distillate or this distillate.
- the first condensate obtained by condensing the product is supplied to a distillation column, and the distillate or the first condensate is heated to distill a mixed vapor of alcohol and water from the distillation column.
- the second condensate having condensed the part is refluxed to the distillation column, and the mixed vapor of the remaining alcohol and water is superheated and then supplied to the membrane separator, and then the alcohol and water are mixed in the membrane separator.
- the solid line indicates the flow of liquid or gas (vapor), and the broken line indicates the connection of the control system.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of an example of an embodiment according to the present invention.
- anhydrous alcohol has a purity of 99.0% by mass or more, preferably 99.5% by mass or more, more preferably 99.7% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 99.8% by mass or more.
- the alcohol includes lower alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol, and is preferably ethanol.
- the fermented alcohol aqueous solution is not limited.
- it is a fermented alcohol aqueous solution obtained by fermenting raw materials such as saccharides, starches, and celluloses. These materials are fermented in a fermenter to form a fermented alcohol aqueous solution.
- the alcohol concentration of the aqueous fermentation alcohol solution is usually about 5 to 12% by mass.
- this fermented alcohol aqueous solution includes alcohols such as yeast, fungus, methanol, fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, Esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, acetals such as diethyl acetal, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, amines such as pyridine, picoline, 3-methylamine and 4-methylpyridine, and higher alcohols and fatty acid esters It contains various by-produced compounds such as so-called fusel oil which is a mixture. Moreover, normally, unfermented raw material components and the like remain as insoluble components to form a slurry.
- alcohols such as yeast, fungus, methanol
- fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid
- This aqueous fermentation alcohol solution is directly supplied from the fermentation tank or once stored in a tank and then indirectly supplied to the mash tower 10. It is preferable that a large insoluble component is removed from the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution by rough filtration before being supplied to the mash tower.
- the fermented alcohol aqueous solution after fermenting in the fermenter may have a pH of about 3 to 5 depending on by-product fatty acids. For this reason, it is preferable to neutralize the acid component contained in the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution by adding an alkali component or the like. By performing this neutralization treatment, it is possible to reliably prevent the acid from being mixed into the purified anhydrous alcohol.
- Suitable examples of the alkali component to be added include water-soluble alkali compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium permanganate.
- the aqueous fermentation alcohol solution is heated to distill a distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water, and a condensate obtained by condensing the distillate is supplied to the distillation tower 20.
- the distillate containing a mixture of alcohol and water is preferably a mixed vapor of alcohol and water (in a gaseous state), but a mixture containing droplets of a fermented alcohol aqueous solution in a mixed vapor of alcohol and water ( It may be a gas-liquid mixed state).
- the main role of the moromi tower 10 is to suppress the discharge (loss) of alcohol outside the system as much as possible from the aqueous solution of fermentation alcohol, insoluble components such as unfermented raw material components, and high-boiling components such as fusel oil. Is preferably separated and removed together with low-boiling by-product components and water.
- the moromi tower is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known type can be suitably used. Simple distillation or continuous distillation may be used. The number of distillation stages is preferably about several stages. For example, a tray-type tray such as a mountain-cap tray or a baffle tray with little scale adhesion can be suitably used. Furthermore, it may be a single distillation type such as flash distillation or a combination of a plurality of them.
- the operating pressure of the moromi tower is preferably reduced pressure or atmospheric pressure.
- the raw fermentation alcohol aqueous solution is introduced into the tower from a feed port relatively close to the top of the moromi tower 10.
- steam steam
- This water vapor rises in the tower while exchanging heat and materials with the liquid flowing down the tower.
- the steam component at the bottom of the tower is almost water, and the alcohol concentration in the steam increases near the top of the tower.
- water containing almost no alcohol is discharged from the bottom of the tower together with insoluble components as a bottom liquid.
- the distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water taken out from the top of the moromi tower 10 or the concentration stage is sent to the condenser 11 and condensed. A part of this condensate is refluxed to the mash column, and the remaining condensate is supplied to the distillation column 20.
- the alcohol concentration of the alcohol aqueous solution of the condensate supplied from the mash tower 10 to the distillation tower 20 can be controlled by changing the ratio of the condensate refluxed to the mash tower 10.
- the distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water taken out from the top of the mash tower 10 or the concentration stage is not condensed and is in a gaseous state or a gas-liquid mixture. It can also be supplied to the distillation column 20 in a state.
- a part of the distillate containing a mixed vapor of alcohol and water was supplied to the distillation column 20 and the remaining distillate was condensed by a condenser. The entire amount of the condensate can be refluxed to the mash tower.
- the alcohol concentration of the distillate supplied from the mash column 10 to the distillation column 20 can be controlled by the ratio of the distillate supplied to the condenser.
- the top of the mash column 10 is used to protect the separation membrane.
- the mixed vapor of alcohol and water extracted from the water is partially condensed (some low boiling components remain as vapor and other distillates are condensed), and low boiling components such as aldehyde are mixed with alcohol and water. It is preferable to separate from the vapor and remove it from the system.
- the alcohol concentration of the distillate supplied from the mash column 10 to the distillation column 20 or the condensate of this distillate is for improving the energy efficiency in the entire process from the mash column to the membrane separation apparatus.
- the concentration is higher than the concentration of the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution
- the concentration is less than 50% by mass, preferably 12% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass, more preferably 20% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass, and further preferably 30% by mass or more and 50% by mass. Controlled to be less than%.
- the above-mentioned role of the mash tower insoluble components such as unfermented raw material components and high-boiling components such as fusel oil are preferably added to the low-boiling side while suppressing the discharge of alcohol as much as possible.
- the role of concentrating the alcohol is excessively added, so that it is necessary to further increase the concentration stage above the supply port of the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution of the mash tower 10 Therefore, the size and complexity of the device cannot be avoided.
- the alcohol concentration of the condensate supplied to the distillation column 20, that is, the distillate from the mash column is less than 50% by mass, preferably 12% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass, more preferably 20% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass, Preferably, 30% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass can be easily achieved by a simple apparatus having about several distillation stages or less, and a part of the mixed steam of alcohol and water distilled from the distillation column. This is because, even when the water is condensed or refluxed to the mash tower, the rate of reflux can be made extremely low, so that rapid processing becomes possible and energy consumption can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the condensate refluxed in the moromi tower is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less.
- the role of the distillation column 20 in the present invention is that the distillate from the mash column is 150 kPa (absolute pressure) or more, preferably 150 to 700 kPa (absolute pressure), more preferably 200 to 600 kPa (absolute pressure), and still more preferably. Distilling at an operating pressure of 200 to 500 kPa (absolute pressure), the alcohol concentration is 55% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 62% by mass or more, and 85% by mass or less, preferably 80% by mass. % Or less, more preferably 78% by mass or less.
- the mixed vapor of alcohol and water whose alcohol concentration is concentrated by the distillation column 20 is partially condensed and refluxed as a condensed liquid to the distillation column, and the remaining mixed vapor of alcohol and water is subjected to membrane separation. After being superheated to a temperature that does not condense in the apparatus, it is supplied to the membrane separation apparatus 30 at substantially the operating pressure of the distillation column 20.
- the burden on the membrane separation device in the next step increases, so the membrane separation device becomes large, and the entire process is simpler and extremely energy efficient. It is not preferable because the fermented alcohol cannot be refined well to obtain anhydrous alcohol. On the other hand, when the alcohol concentration is concentrated to more than 85% by mass (for example, close to the azeotropic composition), it is preferable because the fermentation alcohol cannot be purified and the anhydrous alcohol cannot be obtained by simple and extremely energy efficient as the whole process. Absent.
- the operation pressure of the distillation column 20 is set to 150 kPa (absolute pressure) or more, preferably 150 to 700 kPa (absolute pressure), in order to increase the pressure of the mixed vapor of alcohol and water supplied to the membrane separator. This is to increase efficiency (purification efficiency).
- a pressure of less than 150 kPa (absolute pressure) is not preferable because the separation efficiency in the membrane separation device 30 is lowered.
- the pressure exceeds 700 kPa (absolute pressure) the separation efficiency in the membrane separation apparatus is improved, but the pressure resistance performance of the distillation apparatus and the membrane separation apparatus is excessively required, and there is a problem that the apparatus is enlarged. Since it occurs, it is not necessarily preferable.
- the distillation column 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for a normal high-pressure distillation operation, such as a plate type or a packed column.
- a supply unit for supplying a distillate from the mash column or a condensate of the distillate is disposed in the middle of the distillation column.
- a part of the column bottom liquid is heated by the reboiler 21 to become vapor, and rises in the column while exchanging heat and materials with the liquid flowing down in the column.
- a part of the mixed vapor of alcohol and water is cooled by the condenser 22 to become a condensate, and is returned to the top of the distillation column 20 or the concentration stage through the condensate tank 23 by, for example, a condensate pump.
- the remainder of the mixed steam of alcohol and water distilled by the distillation column 20 is superheated by the superheater 24 and then supplied to the membrane separation device 30 at substantially the same pressure as the operation pressure of the distillation column.
- the reboiler 21 that heats the bottom liquid of the distillation column 20 can use the condensation heat of steam supplied from the outside, but the condensation heat of the non-permeated vapor of the membrane separation device 30 can be suitably used as, for example, preheating. it can.
- the operating pressure of the distillation column 20 is suitably controlled by increasing the temperature at which the bottom liquid of the distillation column is heated. Specifically, it can be suitably performed by adjusting the flow rate of steam for heating the bottom of the distillation column. At that time, the flow rate of the mixed steam distilled from the distillation column may be controlled.
- the mixed steam distilled from the top or the concentration stage is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the mixed vapor of alcohol and water distilled from the top or the concentration stage to the distillation tower 20 as a condensate.
- the alcohol concentration of can be suitably controlled.
- the ratio of the condensed liquid to be refluxed is relatively low. Is preferred. Preferably it is less than 50% of the condensate, more preferably less than 40%, even more preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 10%.
- the condensation heat of the condenser 22 is suitably recovered by heating the bottom liquid of the mash column 10 or preheating the condensate circulated from the permeate side of the membrane separation device 30 to the mash column 10.
- the condensate necessary for refluxing to the distillation column 20 cannot be condensed in the condenser 22, it is preferable to condense with cooling water using an auxiliary condenser provided separately.
- a part of the mixed vapor of alcohol and water distilled from the top of the distillation column 20 or the concentrating stage is heated by the superheater 24 preferably at 5 ° C. or more, more preferably at 10 ° C. or more. 30.
- the mixed vapor of alcohol and water may be condensed during the treatment with the membrane separator, which is not preferable. If condensation occurs on the surface of the separation membrane, the separation performance may deteriorate.
- the mixed vapor of alcohol and water supplied to the membrane separator 30 flows while in contact with the selectively permeable separation membrane. At that time, since the water vapor selectively permeates the separation membrane, the mixed vapor having a reduced alcohol concentration mainly composed of water vapor is recovered on the permeation side of the separation membrane.
- the alcohol concentration of this mixed steam is about several to several tens of mass% (for example, 20 mass% of alcohol), and is preferably circulated and supplied to the distillation column 20 in order to increase the alcohol recovery rate.
- water vapor is removed on the non-permeating side of the separation membrane, high-purity anhydrous alcohol can be recovered.
- the permeation amount of water vapor that permeates the separation membrane is proportional to the partial pressure difference between the water vapors on both sides of the membrane. For this reason, separation efficiency (purification efficiency) can be increased by increasing the partial pressure difference between the water vapors on both sides of the membrane.
- a high-pressure mixed vapor of alcohol and water of 150 kPa (absolute pressure) or more, preferably 150 to 700 kPa (absolute pressure) is generated in the distillation column 20 and supplied to the membrane separation apparatus. At the same time, it is also preferable to reduce the pressure on the permeate side of the separation membrane.
- the space on the permeate side of the separation membrane is connected to a vacuum pump 32 via a heat exchanger (condenser) 31 to reduce the pressure, and the permeated vapor that has permeated the separation membrane is condensed by the condenser to be condensed.
- This condensate is preferably stored in the condensate tank 33 and then circulated and supplied to the distillation column 20.
- the membrane separation device 30 is not limited as long as it can separate water vapor from the mixed vapor of water vapor and ethanol vapor with a separation membrane.
- the separation membrane is not particularly limited as long as it selectively permeates water vapor with respect to alcohol vapor. It may be made of a polymer such as polyimide, polyetherimide, polycarbonate, polysulfone or high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol, or may be made of an inorganic material such as zeolite or zirconia.
- the form of the membrane separation device is also a hollow fiber separation membrane module made of, for example, an asymmetric polyimide hollow fiber membrane, a shell-and-tube module comprising a tubular separation membrane element in which a zeolite is formed on a porous tubular support, etc.
- the conventionally known ones can be suitably used. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 2000-262828 and 2001-62257 using polyimide hollow fiber membranes, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-93844 using zeolite membranes. Preferred examples include those described in JP-A-2006-263574, JP-A-2007-203210 and the like.
- the water vapor transmission rate (P ′ H 2 O 2 ) is preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 3 (STP) / cm 2 ⁇ sec ⁇ cm Hg or more, more preferably 1.0 in use.
- ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 3 (STP) / cm 2 ⁇ sec ⁇ cmHg or more, ratio of water vapor transmission rate (P ′ H 2 O ) to alcohol transmission rate (P ′ alcohol ) (P ′ H 2 O / P ′ alcohol ) Is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more.
- FIG. 2 shows an outline of another example of the embodiment according to the present invention.
- the bottom liquid discharged from the mash tower 10 is used for preheating the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution supplied to the mash tower 10, and the reflux vapor of the distillation tower 20 is used for heating the bottom liquid of the mash tower 10.
- the non-permeate vapor (anhydrous alcohol vapor) of the membrane separation device 30 is used for heating the bottom liquid of the mash column 10, and then the condensate of the permeate vapor of the membrane separation device 30 is circulated and supplied to the distillation column 20. It is used for preheating, and each is suitably recovered.
- the heat energy of the mixed steam generated in the mash column, distillation column, and membrane separation apparatus is recovered in another process in the system as described above. It may be recovered in the heating step.
- Example 1 The fermented ethanol aqueous solution having an ethanol concentration of 7.3% by mass obtained in the fermenter was refined using 72.7 tons per hour using the apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 2, and 99.8% by mass absolute ethanol was purified. An attempt was made to obtain 5 tons per hour.
- Process 1 A fermented ethanol aqueous solution having an ethanol concentration of 7.3% by mass is preheated with a preheater, and is fed at a flow rate of 72.7 t / hour to a mash tower having a theoretical plate number equivalent to 5 with a liquid feed pump.
- Water vapor (steam 1) necessary for carrying out a distillation process by evaporating the supplied aqueous solution of fermentation ethanol is directly blown into the bottom of the mash column.
- the mixed vapor of ethanol and water distilled from the moromi tower and sent from the top of the tower is condensed in the condenser.
- a part of the condensate is refluxed to the mash column, and the remaining condensate is supplied to the distillation column.
- the reflux amount is adjusted so that the ethanol concentration at the top of the mash column is 39% by mass.
- the mixed vapor of ethanol and water sent from the top of the distillation column in the distillation column is adjusted to a pressure of 300 kPa (gauge pressure) by adjusting the flow rate of steam for heating the bottom liquid of the distillation column 20. .
- a part of the mixed vapor is condensed by a condenser and refluxed to the distillation column.
- the reflux amount By adjusting the reflux amount, the ethanol concentration of the mixed steam of ethanol and water at the top of the distillation column is adjusted to 55% by mass.
- the remaining mixed vapor of ethanol and water that has not been condensed is heated to 140 ° C. by a superheater (steam 3) and supplied to the membrane separation apparatus.
- the amount of mixed steam of ethanol and water supplied to the membrane separator is 10.4 t per hour.
- the membrane separation apparatus is a module as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-262838, and has a water vapor transmission rate (P ′ H2O ) at 135 to 140 ° C. of 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 3 (STP).
- the ratio of the water vapor transmission rate (P ′ H2O ) to the ethanol transmission rate (P ′ EtOH ) (P ′ H2O / P ′ EtOH ) is 143, the outer diameter is 500 ⁇ m, and the inner diameter is 310 ⁇ m
- a module containing 34 modules each made of a polyimide asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane having an effective membrane area of 125 m 2 is used.
- a vacuum pump is provided via a condenser, and the pressure is reduced to 12 kPa (absolute pressure).
- the vapor that has permeated the separation membrane is completely condensed by a condenser so that the degree of vacuum on the permeate side of the separation membrane is maintained.
- a part of the non-permeated vapor discharged from the membrane separation device is configured to be supplied to the permeation side of the membrane separation device as a purge gas for increasing the separation efficiency of the membrane separation device.
- Vapor recovered from the permeation side of the separation membrane of the membrane separation apparatus (permeated vapor and vapor supplied as purge gas) is condensed, preheated with non-permeated vapor, and circulated and supplied to the distillation column. Further, the non-permeated vapor recovered from the non-permeate side of the separation membrane of the membrane separator is also used for heating the bottom liquid of the moromi tower and is recovered by heat and then cooled to have an ethanol concentration of 99.8 mass. It is recovered as 5% absolute ethanol in a product tank at 5 tons per hour.
- Examples 2 to 7 The conditions shown in Table 1 were changed, and 72.7 mass% of the fermented ethanol aqueous solution was purified by 72.7 t per hour in the same manner as in Example to obtain 5 t of 99.8 mass% absolute ethanol per hour. I tried to do that.
- the temperature after heating with the superheater (steam 3) was 140 ° C. in Example 2 and 135 ° C. in Examples 3 to 7.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 7, the distillation column and the membrane separation apparatus are simple, and the fermentation alcohol can be purified with extremely high energy efficiency.
- Comparative Example 1 energy efficiency is low and a large separation membrane device is required.
- Comparative Example 2 energy efficiency is low and a large distillation column is required.
- the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution is supplied to the mash tower, the fermentation alcohol aqueous solution in the mash tower is heated to distill the mixed steam of alcohol and water, and the distillate containing this mixed steam or the distillate.
- the first condensate condensed with water is supplied to the distillation column, and the first condensate in the distillation column is heated to distill the high-pressure alcohol and water mixed vapor, and the distilling column distills it.
- the second condensate obtained by condensing a part of the mixed vapor is refluxed to the distillation column, and the mixed vapor of the remaining alcohol and water is superheated and then supplied to the membrane separation device.
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Abstract
Description
1.(工程1)醗酵アルコール水溶液をもろみ塔へ供給し、もろみ塔内において醗酵アルコール水溶液を加熱してアルコールと水との混合蒸気を含む留出物を留出させ、この留出物またはこの留出物を凝縮した第1の凝縮液を蒸留塔へ供給し、
(工程2)蒸留塔内において前記留出物または第1の凝縮液を加熱してアルコールと水との混合蒸気を蒸留塔より留出させ、この混合蒸気の一部を凝縮した第2の凝縮液を蒸留塔に還流するとともに、残りの混合蒸気を膜分離装置内で凝縮しない温度に過熱処理した後に膜分離装置へ供給し、
(工程3)膜分離装置においてアルコールと水との混合蒸気から水蒸気を選択的に除去する工程を有する醗酵アルコール水溶液から無水アルコールを得るための精製処理方法であって、
工程1において、もろみ塔により留出させる留出物のアルコール濃度が50質量%未満になるようにもろみ塔を制御し、
工程2において、蒸留塔内の操作圧力を150kPa(絶対圧)以上とし、かつ、蒸留塔により留出させる混合蒸気のアルコール濃度が55~85質量%となるように、第2の凝縮液を蒸留塔へ還流させる量(還流量)を制御することを特徴とする方法。
11 凝縮器
12 凝縮液槽
20 蒸留塔
21 リボイラー
22 凝縮器
23 凝縮液槽
24 過熱器
30 膜分離装置
31 熱交換器(コンデンサー)
32 真空ポンプ
33 凝縮液槽
FIC: 流量調節器
LIC: 液面調節器
TIC: 温度調節器
PIC: 圧力調節器
本発明において、もろみ塔10の主たる役割は、アルコールの系外への排出(ロス)を極力抑制しながら、醗酵アルコール水溶液から、未醗酵の原料成分などの不溶成分やフーゼル油などの高沸点成分を、好ましくは低沸の副生物成分や水とともに、分離して除去することにある。この目的を達成できるものであれば、もろみ塔は特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の型式のものを好適に用いることができる。単蒸留式でも連続蒸留式でも構わない。蒸留段は数段程度のものが好適であり、例えば山型キャップ式トレー、或いはスケールの付着の少ないバッフル式トレーなどの棚段式のものを好適に使用できる。さらにフラッシュ蒸留などの単蒸留式のものでもよく、それを複数個組合せたものでも構わない。なお、もろみ塔の操作圧力は好ましくは減圧又は大気圧である。
醗酵槽で得られたエタノール濃度が7.3質量%の醗酵エタノール水溶液を1時間当り72.7t、図2に概略を示した装置を用いて精製処理し、99.8質量%の無水エタノールを1時間当り5t得ることを試みた。
(工程1)
エタノール濃度が7.3質量%の醗酵エタノール水溶液を予備加熱器で予熱し、送液ポンプで理論段数が5段相当のもろみ塔へ72.7t/時間の流量で供給する。このもろみ塔の塔底には、供給された醗酵エタノール水溶液を蒸発させて蒸留処理を行うために必要な水蒸気(スチーム1)を直接吹き込む。もろみ塔内で留出させ塔頂から送出したエタノールと水との混合蒸気は凝縮器で全量凝縮する。凝縮液の一部はもろみ塔へ還流し、残りの凝縮液は蒸留塔へ供給する。この還流量は、もろみ塔の塔頂のエタノール濃度が39質量%になるように調節する。
(工程2)
送液ポンプによって、エタノール濃度が39質量%のエタノール水溶液を1時間当り13.3tの流量で理論段数3段相当の蒸留塔へ供給する。この蒸留塔の塔底にはリボイラーが備えられ、塔底から抜き出された塔底液は、スチーム2が供給されるリボイラーによって混合蒸気にされ蒸留塔へ循環供給する。同時に塔底から抜き出された塔底液は1時間当り8.3tの流量でもろみ塔へ循環供給する。塔底液はエタノール濃度が2.5質量%以下程度に保持する。
(工程3)
膜分離装置としては、特開2000-262838号公報に記載されたようなモジュールであって、135~140℃における水蒸気透過速度(P’H2O)が1.2×10-3cm3(STP)/cm2・sec・cmHg、水蒸気透過速度(P’H2O)とエタノール透過速度(P’EtOH)との比(P’H2O/P’EtOH)が143の、外径が500μm、内径が310μmのポリイミド非対称中空糸分離膜からなる有効膜面積が125m2のモジュールを、34本収納したものを用いる。
表1に示した条件を変更して、実施例と同様に7.3質量%の醗酵エタノール水溶液を1時間当り72.7t精製処理し、99.8質量%の無水エタノールを1時間当り5t得ることを試みた。なお、過熱器(スチーム3)によって加熱した後の温度は、実施例2は140℃、実施例3~7は135℃とした。結果を表1に示した。
表1に示した条件を変更して、実施例と同様に7.3質量%の醗酵エタノール水溶液を1時間当り72.7t精製処理し、99.8質量%の無水エタノールを1時間当り5t得ることを試みた。なお、過熱器(スチーム3)によって加熱した後の温度は、比較例1は140℃、比較例2は135℃とした。結果を表1に示した。
Claims (5)
- (工程1)醗酵アルコール水溶液をもろみ塔へ供給し、もろみ塔内において醗酵アルコール水溶液を加熱してアルコールと水との混合蒸気を含む留出物を留出させ、この留出物またはこの留出物を凝縮した第1の凝縮液を蒸留塔へ供給し、
(工程2)蒸留塔内において前記留出物または第1の凝縮液を加熱してアルコールと水との混合蒸気を蒸留塔より留出させ、この混合蒸気の一部を凝縮した第2の凝縮液を蒸留塔に還流するとともに、残りの混合蒸気を膜分離装置内で凝縮しない温度に過熱処理した後に膜分離装置へ供給し、
(工程3)膜分離装置においてアルコールと水との混合蒸気から水蒸気を選択的に除去する工程を有する醗酵アルコール水溶液から無水アルコールを得るための精製処理方法であって、
工程1において、もろみ塔により留出させる留出物のアルコール濃度が50質量%未満になるようにもろみ塔を制御し、
工程2において、蒸留塔内の操作圧力を150kPa(絶対圧)以上とし、かつ、蒸留塔により留出させる混合蒸気のアルコール濃度が55~85質量%となるように第2の凝縮液を蒸留塔へ還流させる量(還流量)を制御することを特徴とする方法。 - 工程1のもろみ塔の操作圧力が10~150kPa(絶対圧)であり、工程2の蒸留塔の操作圧力が150~700kPa(絶対圧)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程2において、還流量が、蒸留塔により留出させるアルコールと水との混合蒸気のうちの50%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 工程2の蒸留塔の塔底液が工程1のもろみ塔へ循環供給され、工程3の膜分離装置の膜透過成分が凝縮されて第3の凝縮液として工程2の蒸留塔へ循環供給されることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 醗酵アルコール水溶液をもろみ塔へ供給する前にアルカリ成分を添加して中和処理することを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法。
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