WO2009121290A1 - 精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备 - Google Patents

精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009121290A1
WO2009121290A1 PCT/CN2009/071085 CN2009071085W WO2009121290A1 WO 2009121290 A1 WO2009121290 A1 WO 2009121290A1 CN 2009071085 W CN2009071085 W CN 2009071085W WO 2009121290 A1 WO2009121290 A1 WO 2009121290A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
metal
workpiece
coated
molten metal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/071085
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨云峰
Original Assignee
芬兰国家技术研究中心(Vtt)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 芬兰国家技术研究中心(Vtt) filed Critical 芬兰国家技术研究中心(Vtt)
Priority to JP2011502216A priority Critical patent/JP2011516725A/ja
Priority to EP09727784A priority patent/EP2266728A4/en
Publication of WO2009121290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009121290A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a precision spray forming-layer-by-layer compaction repair and manufacturing apparatus. Background technique
  • Spray forming can coat or plate a layer of metal on a metal substrate at high speed, but such a coating generally has
  • the method of repairing the workpiece by the metal thermal spraying process is also used, but the combination of the metal coating and the original workpiece base is poor, the porosity in the metal coating is more than 5%, and the metal spray coating efficiency of the single nozzle is low (only 100 On the order of grams per minute, large-area sprays can generate excessive thermal stress and cannot be used for the repair of large metal parts working under high loads.
  • the present invention provides a precision spray forming-layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing apparatus for spray forming of a workpiece (1) to be coated, and layer-by-layer rolling repair or manufacturing, the apparatus consisting of the following mechanisms or functional components :
  • An injection unit (100), the injection unit (100) comprising:
  • molten metal preparation or supply device (5) a molten metal preparation or supply device (5); the molten metal preparation or supply device (5) provides a molten metal (7);
  • An inert gas atomizing spray device (8) located downstream of the molten metal smelting preparation or supply device (5); the inert gas atomizing spray device (8) atomizing the molten metal (7) to Forming a metal coating (10) on the workpiece (1) to be coated;
  • a heating device (3) located around the workpiece (1) to be coated and preheating the surface of the workpiece (1) to be coated;
  • a layer-by-layer rolling device (11) located on the side of the metal coating (10) and layer-by-layer rolling the metal coating (10);
  • a moving machine operating device (4) accommodating the workpiece (1) to be coated, the moving machine operating device (4) making the position of the workpiece (1) to be coated relative to the molten metal (7)
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) moves;
  • the inert gas atomizing spray device (8) is comprised of a molten metal flow conduit, one or more inert gas nozzles adjacent the metal liquid flow conduit.
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) is a hydraulic or pneumatically controlled rolling device.
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) consists of one or more grinding wheels.
  • the grinding wheel in the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) is a cylindrical or curved body.
  • an internal or external circulating cooling system is disposed around the drum.
  • the heating device (3) employs an induction heater.
  • the molten metal smelting preparation and supply device (5) is selected from the group consisting of a furnace, a holding furnace, a ladle or a tundish.
  • the metal coating thickness detecting control mechanism (12) is integrated with the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) by a displacement sensor.
  • the workpiece to be coated is selected from a wear part or a composite structural part. The effect of the invention is:
  • the repair of worn parts saves natural resources, saves energy, protects the environment, and greatly reduces manufacturing costs.
  • the present invention also improves the production efficiency and usability of metal parts.
  • the invention can realize high-efficiency repair of large metal parts working under high load and manufacture of functional multi-layer parts, and the metal coating is dense, and the mechanical properties are close to or exceed the mechanical properties of the substrate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the precision spray forming-layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing apparatus of the present invention of Example 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the parts obtained by the precision spray forming-layer-by-layer rolling repairing and manufacturing method of the present invention of the second embodiment.
  • the invention aims to provide a reliable and technically economical method and equipment for repairing or remanufacturing wear parts, which is realized by liquid metal spray forming and layer-by-layer rolling process, thereby solving the existing metal coating process.
  • the present invention has been completed on this basis.
  • the concept of the invention is as follows: The low-pressure layer-by-layer rolling is performed by using the spray-formed metal jet just deposited on the part to be repaired near the melting point and the excellent rheology, thereby obtaining a dense metal coating without significantly destroying the shape of other parts of the part to be coated. And dimensional accuracy.
  • the concepts of the invention are detailed below:
  • the present invention provides a precision spray forming-layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing apparatus for spray forming of a workpiece to be coated (1), and layer-by-layer rolling repair or manufacturing, the apparatus consisting of the following mechanisms or functional components:
  • molten metal preparation or supply device (5) a molten metal preparation or supply device (5); the molten metal preparation or supply device (5) provides a molten metal (7);
  • a heating device (3) located around the workpiece (1) to be coated and preheating the surface of the workpiece (1) to be coated;
  • a layer-by-layer rolling device (11) located on the side of the metal coating (10) and layer-by-layer rolling the metal coating (10);
  • a moving machine operating device (4) accommodating the workpiece (1) to be coated, the moving machine operating device (4) making the position of the workpiece (1) to be coated relative to the molten metal (7)
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) moves;
  • the molten metal smelting preparation and supply device (5) may employ equipment commonly used in the art as long as the molten metal is supplied without restricting the object of the present invention.
  • the molten metal smelting preparation and supply device (5) is selected from the group consisting of a furnace, a holding furnace, a ladle or a tundish.
  • the molten metal may be a pure metal or an alloy.
  • the molten metal may be identical to the material of the workpiece to be coated, or may be obtained from the workpiece to be coated as needed.
  • the inert gas atomizing spraying device may employ an inert gas atomizing spraying device conventional in the art as long as it does not limit the object of the invention.
  • the inert gas atomizing spray device (8) is composed of a metal liquid guiding tube and an inert gas nozzle.
  • the number of the inert gas nozzles may be set to one or more as needed.
  • the position of the inert gas nozzle is not particularly limited as long as it can atomize the molten metal in the metal liquid guiding tube. If a single inert gas atomizing spray device has a plurality of inert gas nozzles, the distribution and orientation of the nozzles may be fixed as needed or may be mobile.
  • a metal liquid guide tube made of a refractory material and an inert gas nozzle generally made of metal or ceramic are used.
  • the refractory material, the metal, and the ceramic may be made of materials commonly used in the art as long as the object of the present invention is not limited.
  • the kind of the inert gas is not particularly limited as long as it does not limit the object of the present invention. Specifically, for example, it is used in conjunction with the heating device in the layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing unit (200). Generally, nitrogen is generally used when processing steel parts.
  • the number of the inert gas atomizing injection devices is not limited, and one or more atomizing injection devices may be employed depending on the situation.
  • the number of the inert gas atomizing spray devices (8) is two or more.
  • a plurality of sets of inert gas atomizing spray devices may be operated at the same time, and the distribution and orientation thereof may vary according to the shape and size of the parts to be repaired, and they may be fixed, Can be exerciseable.
  • the preparation or supply means of the inert gas may be connected upstream of the inert gas atomizing spray device (8).
  • the preparation or supply means of the inert gas is not particularly limited, and a conventional inert gas preparation or supply means in the art can be employed. More specifically, the inert gas preparation or supply device includes various air separation devices, piping devices, or liquid gas supply devices.
  • a heating device (3) for preheating the surface of the workpiece (1) to be coated is disposed around the workpiece (1) to be coated.
  • the heating device (3) employs an induction heater.
  • the induction heater may employ a conventional induction heater in the art.
  • examples of the induction heater include, but are not limited to, an induction heater fixed in a spray chamber or an active induction heater.
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) consists of one or more grinding wheels.
  • the drum is a cylindrical or curved body.
  • an internal or external circulating cooling system is provided around the drum, and the cooling medium of the internal or external circulating cooling system may employ a conventional cooling medium in the art, specifically, for example, water or other fluid.
  • the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) is a hydraulic or pneumatically controlled rolling device.
  • the rolling device can adjust the pressure according to the characteristics of the cladding metal and the structure of the base member thereof, so that the metal coating can be sufficiently compacted without destroying the dimensional accuracy of other parts of the part.
  • the crushing pressure is between 200 and 2000 kg when the cladding metal is laminated and compacted at the same time.
  • the metal coating thickness detecting control mechanism (12) is integrated with the layer-by-layer rolling device (11) by a displacement sensor.
  • a moving machine operating device (4) for accommodating the workpiece (1) to be coated is further provided, the moving machine operating device (4) making the workpiece to be coated
  • the position of (1) moves relative to the molten metal (7) and the layer-by-layer rolling device (11).
  • the moving machine operating device (4) may adopt the structure of a conventional moving machine operating device in the art as long as it can control the position of the workpiece to be coated relative to the molten metal (for example, the molten metal in the atomized spray form) and the The layer-by-layer rolling device can be changed.
  • the moving machine operating device (4) controls relative motion between the workpiece to be coated and the molten metal and the layer-by-layer rolling device, so that the coating metal is uniform and fast. Covering the surface of the workpiece to be coated layer by layer.
  • the workpiece to be coated may be a worn part or a composite structural part.
  • the number of workpieces to be coated is not limited, and for example, one or more workpieces may simultaneously receive a coating.
  • the surface of the workpiece to be coated may be a rotating body or a non-rotating body symmetrical surface.
  • a container may be provided outside the spray unit (100) and the layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing unit (200). Specifically, for example, a spray chamber capable of establishing an inert gas atmosphere.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the process and apparatus of the present invention. For example, in the repair of a pair of railway wheels 1, they are scrapped due to wear of the outer circle.
  • the spray chamber 2 is disposed in the apparatus, and the spray unit 100 is disposed at an upper portion of the spray chamber 2, and the spray unit 100 includes: a metal liquid smelting preparation or supply device 5; the metal liquid smelting preparation or supply device 5 provides a molten metal 7; An inert gas atomizing spray device 8 is disposed downstream of the liquid smelting preparation or supply device 5; the inert gas atomizing spray device 8 causes atomization of the molten metal therein onto the workpiece to be coated (ie, the wheel) 1 A metal coating 10 is formed.
  • the lower portion of the spray chamber 2 is provided with a layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing unit 200, comprising: a heating device 3 located around the workpiece 1 to be coated and preheating the surface of the workpiece 1 to be coated; a layer-by-layer rolling device 11 for laminating the metal coating 10 on one side of the cladding layer 10; a moving machine operating device 4 for accommodating the workpiece 1 to be coated, the moving machine operating device 4
  • the position of the coated workpiece 1 is moved relative to the molten metal 7 and the layer-by-layer rolling device 11; the metal coating thickness detecting control mechanism 12 of the layer-by-layer rolling device 11 is connected to make the metal coating
  • the predetermined thickness is reached 10
  • the supply or spraying of the molten metal 7 can be stopped in time.
  • a liquid metal smelting preparation or supply device 5 is placed in the upper opening of the spray chamber 2, and the molten metal smelting preparation or supply device 5 may be a smelting furnace or a tundish.
  • the both sides of the ejection chamber 2 are provided with a moving mechanical operating device 4a and a moving mechanical operating device 4b.
  • An exhaust gas outlet 14 is provided at one side of the lower portion of the injection chamber 2. The inert gas generated in the spray forming enters the dust removal system (not shown) through the exhaust gas outlet 14 and is then evacuated or recovered.
  • the other side of the lower portion of the ejection chamber 2 is provided with an opening so that the thickness detecting control mechanism 12 (i.e., the operation sensing mechanism) passes.
  • the wheel 1 is placed in the ejection chamber 2, and its surface is preheated by the heating device 3.
  • the induction heater 3 can be fixed in the spray chamber 2, and the wheel 1 to be repaired is advanced by the operating system 4a to be heated therein.
  • the induction heater 3 can also be movable to allow the wheel 1 to stay in the spray forming position below the nozzle 8 and to actively wrap the wheel 1 to the surface to be repaired under the drive of the operating system 4b.
  • the wheel 1 is driven by the operating system 4a to rotate at an appropriate speed (e.g., 20-200 rpm) to uniform heating and reduce its deformation.
  • the mobile machine operating device 4 is an operating system 4a, an operating system 4b, or a combination of both.
  • the molten metal preparation or supply device 5 (melting furnace or ladle) injects the molten metal 7 into the tundish 6 provided in the upper opening of the ejection chamber 2.
  • the bottom of the tundish 6 is provided with an opening so that the molten metal 7 enters the ejection chamber through the opening, and after contact with the inert gas atomizing ejection device 8, the molten metal 7 is atomized and sprayed onto the wheel 1.
  • the pressure of the roller 11 on the metal coating 10 is controlled by the operating sensing mechanism 12, which is also a detector of the thickness of the metal coating 10 to ensure that the ejection is stopped when the predetermined coating thickness is reached.
  • the end face of the surface to be repaired is provided with a baffle 13 as needed to assist in the construction of the spray coating on the end face and the protection of the uncovered portion.
  • the repair process of the present invention is as follows:
  • the surface to be repaired is first treated, and may include decontamination cleaning, shot blasting or sand blasting, machining, and the like.
  • the part 1 to be repaired is placed in the spray chamber 2 shown in Fig. 1, and the surface to be repaired is rapidly heated by the inductor 3 under the protection of an inert gas, and the heating speed can be adjusted by the power, shape and operating frequency of the inductor to
  • the surface to be repaired is brought to an appropriate temperature as soon as possible (generally 50% - 95% of the melting point of the metal of the part to be repaired, where the melting point is 1493 °C), while the temperature of other parts such as the inner hole and the shaft is kept at a lower temperature. To maintain its shape and dimensional accuracy.
  • the induction heater 3 can be fixed in the spray chamber 2, and the wheel 1 to be repaired is advanced by the operating system 4a to be heated therein.
  • the induction heater 3 can also be movable, let the wheel 1 Staying in the injection forming position below the nozzle 8 can actively wrap the surface of the wheel 1 to be repaired under the driving of the operating system 4b. During this heating, the wheel 1 is driven by the operating system 4a to rotate at an appropriate speed (e.g., a speed of 20-200 rpm) to uniform heating and reduce its deformation.
  • the wheel 1 When the surface to be repaired reaches a suitable temperature, the wheel 1 enters the spray forming position to receive a spray coating of atomized metal. At this time, the melting furnace or ladle 5 injects the molten metal 7 into the tundish 6. The molten metal is injected from the bottom of the tundish 6 into the injection chamber 2 and is atomized into a metal liquid-fog jet 9 by a high pressure (2 - 15 atmosphere) inert gas nozzle 8 to be sprayed onto the surface of the wheel 1 to be deposited to form a metal coating 10.
  • the wheel 1 is rotated and reciprocated at a set speed (for example, 20-100 rpm, 30-80 mm/sec) under an atomizing metal jet to obtain a desired coating thickness for each portion to be repaired.
  • the metal flow rate of a single spray device is 10-100 kg / min (for example, 50-70 kg / min), which is controlled by factors such as the diameter of the bottom hole of the tundish 6 and the size of the nozzle 8. According to the shape and size characteristics of the parts to be repaired, the process can also use multiple sets of nozzles to complete the spray coating process.
  • the roller 11 performs layer-by-layer rolling of the high temperature cladding metal. Since the temperature of the newly deposited metal coating is close to the melting point and has good rheology, the pressure or pressure of the metal coating 10 on the metal coating 10 can be small (for example, 1-10 tons), and the metal coating can be laminated. The pressure does not destroy the shape and dimensional accuracy of the non-repaired portion of the wheel 1.
  • the pressure of the roller 11 against the metal coating 10 is controlled by the operation sensing mechanism 12, which is also a detector of the thickness of the metal coating 10 to ensure that the ejection is stopped when the predetermined coating thickness is reached.
  • the end face of the surface to be repaired is provided with a baffle 13 as needed to assist in the construction of the spray coating on the end face and the protection of the uncovered portion.
  • the inert gas used in the spray forming enters the dust removal system through the exhaust gas outlet 14 and is then vented or recovered.
  • a pair of wheels that have been laminated by layer-by-layer metallization through the above process are mechanically separated, and then subjected to conventional machining and necessary heat treatment to become a renewed or remanufactured product.
  • the performance of the resulting wheel is the following:
  • the quenching and heat treatment was carried out according to the standard TB/T2817 of the railway rolling wheel, and the hardness test, tensile strength, elongation and section shrinkage were measured.
  • the tensile strength test bar was cut out according to the part A (the tensile test bar sampling position) shown in Fig. 2, and the tensile test was performed, and the standard mechanical properties were compared. The results are shown in Table 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Description

精密喷射成形 -逐层碾压修复和制造设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备。 背景技术
很多机械零件因为少量局部磨损就致使整个零部件报废， 例如铁路车轮、冶 金轧辊、 重大转轴， 等等。 以铁路车轮为例， 因其在运行中因受轨道摩擦， 制动 摩擦等因素会出现磨损。铁路车辆在全球仍是主要的客货运输工具， 世界上每年 因磨损报废的车轮以千万只计， 目前尚无实用的办法修复。重新制作车轮要消耗 大量的人力和物资资源， 包括能源等自然资源和运输能力。
喷射成形可在金属基底上高速地包覆或镀覆上一层金属，但这种覆层一般有
0. 5 - 2%的孔隙度， 难以满足车轮机械性能要求。 如果将废旧车轮覆层后再进行 整体碾压或其它热压加工， 则会损坏车轮不需修复部位的形状和尺寸精度， 同时 造成较大的能源和其它加工成本的浪费。
目前也有用金属热喷涂工艺修复工件的方法，但其金属覆层与原工件基底的 结合差、 金属覆层中的孔隙度在 5%以上， 加之单只喷嘴的金属喷覆效率低 （仅 100 克 /分钟数量级） ， 大面积喷涂会产生过大的热应力， 因而不能用于高负载 下工作的大型金属零件的修复。
综上所述，本领域缺乏一种应用喷射成形高速金属覆层和热碾压技术对磨损 金属零件进行高质量修复和制造具有多功能层复合金属零件的工艺和设备。
为此， 本领域迫切需要一种能解决上述各金属覆层工艺的问题并实现高负载 下工作的大型金属零件的高效率修复和功能多层零件的制造， 使其金属覆层致 密， 机械性能接近甚至超过基底的机械性能。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于获得一种实现高负载下工作的大型金属零件的高效率修 复和功能多层零件的制造的精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备。 本发明提供一种精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备，用于待覆层工件 (1) 的喷射成形、 以及逐层碾压修复或制造， 所述设备由下列机构或功能部件组成： 一喷射单元（100)， 所述喷射单元（100)包括：
一金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)； 所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装 置 (5)提供金属液 (7) ;
一位于所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)的下游的惰性气体雾化 喷射装置 (8)；所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)使得所述金属液 (7) 雾化喷射到所述待覆层工件 (1)上形成金属覆层（10)；
一逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200)， 所述逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200) 包括：
一位于所述待覆层工件（1)周围并对所述待覆层工件 (1)表面预热 的加热装置 (3) ;
一位于所述金属覆层（10)—侧并对所述金属覆层（10)进行逐层碾 压的逐层碾压装置（11) ;
一容纳所述待覆层工件（1)的移动机械操作装置 (4)， 所述移动机 械操作装置 (4)使得所述待覆层工件（1)的位置相对于金属液 (7) 和所述逐层碾压装置（11)移动；
一连接所述逐层碾压装置（11)的金属覆层厚度检测控制机构
(12)， 以使所述金属覆层（10)达到预定厚度时能及时停止所述 金属液 (7)的供给或喷覆。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)由金属液导 流管、 邻近所述金属液导流管的一个或多个惰性气体喷嘴组成。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述逐层碾压装置（11)为液压或气动控制式 的碾压装置。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述逐层碾压装置（11)由一只或多只碾轮组 成。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述逐层碾压装置（11)中的碾轮为圆柱形或 曲线回转体。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述碾轮的周围设置内部或外部循环冷却系 统。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述加热装置（3)采用感应加热器。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述金属液熔炼制备和供给装置 (5)选自熔 炉、 保温炉、 浇包或中间包。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述金属覆层厚度检测控制机构（12)通过位 移传感器与逐层碾压装置（11)合为一体。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述待覆层工件选自磨损零件或复合结构零 件。 本发明的效果在于：
(1)磨损件的修复节约自然资源、 节能、 环保， 并大大降低制造成本。 本发明 还提高金属零件的生产效率和使用性能。
(2) 本发明能实现高负载下工作的大型金属零件的高效率修复和功能多层 零件的制造， 使其金属覆层致密， 机械性能接近甚至超过基底的机械性能 附图概述
图 1为实施例 1 的本发明的精密喷射成形 -逐层碾压修复和制造设备的示意 图。
图 2为实施例 2 的本发明的精密喷射成形 -逐层碾压修复和制造方法得到的 零件的示意图。 本发明的最佳实施方案
本发明旨在提供一种可靠、技术经济性优越的磨损零件的修复或再制造方法 和设备， 它是通过液态金属喷射成形和逐层碾压工艺实现的， 从而解决现有各金 属覆层工艺方法的问题与不足。 在此基础上完成了本发明。
本发明的构思如下： 利用喷射成形金属射流刚沉积到待修复零件时接近熔点的高温和极好的流 变性进行小压力逐层碾压， 从而获得致密的金属覆层， 又不致明显破坏待覆层零 件其它部位的形状和尺寸精度。 以下对本发明的各个方面进行详述：
精密喷射成形 -逐层碾压修复和制造设备
本发明一种精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备，用于待覆层工件 (1)的喷 射成形、 以及逐层碾压修复或制造， 所述设备由下列机构或功能部件组成：
一喷射单元（100)， 所述喷射单元（100)包括：
一金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)； 所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装 置 (5)提供金属液 (7) ;
一位于所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)的下游的惰性气体雾化 喷射装置 (8)；所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)使得其中的金属液 (7)雾化喷射到所述待覆层工件 (1)上形成金属覆层（10)； 一逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200)， 所述逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200) 包括：
一位于所述待覆层工件（1)周围并对所述待覆层工件 (1)表面预热 的加热装置 (3) ;
一位于所述金属覆层（10)—侧并对所述金属覆层（10)进行逐层碾 压的逐层碾压装置（11) ;
一容纳所述待覆层工件（1)的移动机械操作装置 (4)， 所述移动机 械操作装置 (4)使得所述待覆层工件（1)的位置相对于金属液 (7) 和所述逐层碾压装置（11)移动；
一连接所述逐层碾压装置（11)的金属覆层厚度检测控制机构
(12)， 以使所述金属覆层（10)达到预定厚度时能及时停止所述 金属液 (7)的供给或喷覆。 喷射单元（100)中，所述金属液熔炼制备和供给装置 (5)可以采用本领域常用的 设备， 只要提供金属液且不对本发明的目的产生限制即可。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述金属液熔炼制备和供给装置 (5)选自熔 炉、 保温炉、 浇包或中间包。 所述金属液可以是纯金属或合金。 所述金属液可以与待覆层工件的材料一致， 也可以根据需要与待覆层工件不同而得到复合材料工件。 喷射单元（100)中， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置可以采用本领域传统的惰性气 体雾化喷射装置， 只要不对本发明的发明目的产生限制即可。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)由金属液导 流管和惰性气体喷嘴组成。所述惰性气体喷嘴的个数可以根据需要设置为一个或多 个。 惰性气体喷嘴的设置位置没有具体限制， 只要能对金属液导流管中的金属液进 行雾化喷射即可。 若单个惰性气体雾化喷射装置内具有多个惰性气体喷嘴， 则喷嘴 的分布和位向可以根据需要而定， 可以是固定的， 也可以是移动式的。
具体地，用耐火材料制成的金属液导流管和一般用金属或陶瓷制成的惰性气体 喷嘴组成。 所述耐火材料、 金属、 陶瓷均可以采用本领域常用的材质， 只要不对本 发明的发明目的产生限制即可。
具体地， 所述惰性气体的种类没有具体限制， 只要不对本发明的目的产生限制 即可。 具体地例如与逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)中的加热装置所用的一致。 通 常， 处理钢铁零件时一般采用氮气。
所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置的个数不受限制，可以根据情况采用一个或多个雾 化喷射装置。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)的个数为两 个或两个以上。
具体地，可以有多组惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (也即金属液雾化喷射装置）同时工 作， 其分布和位向可根据待修复零件的形状和尺寸而异， 它们可以是固定的， 也可 以为能运动的。
更具体地， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)的上游还可以连接惰性气体的制备 或供应装置。 所述惰性气体的制备或供应装置没有具体限制， 可以采用本领域传统 的惰性气体的制备或供应装置。 更具体地， 所述惰性气体的制备或供应装置包括各 种空气分离设备、 管道输送装置、 或液态气体供应装置。 逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)中，所述待覆层工件 (1)周围设置对所述待覆层 工件（1)表面预热的加热装置 (3)。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述加热装置（3)采用感应加热器。 所述感应加热器可以采用本领域传统的感应加热器， 具体地， 所述感应加热器 的例子包括但不限于：固定在喷射室中的感应加热器，或者为主动型的感应加热器。 逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)中， 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中， 所述逐 层碾压装置（11)由一只或多只碾轮组成。
优选地， 所述碾轮为圆柱形或曲线回转体。
优选地， 所述碾轮的周围还设置内部或外部循环冷却系统， 所述内部或外部循 环冷却系统的冷却介质可以采用本领域传统的冷却介质， 具体地例如可以是水或其 它流体。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述逐层碾压装置（11)为液压或气动控制的 碾压装置。
优选地， 所述碾压装置可根据覆层金属的特性和其基底零件结构来调节压力， 以使金属覆层得以充分压实， 又不致破坏零件其它部位的形状尺寸精度。 在本发明 的一个具体实施方式中， 在同时对覆层金属逐层碾压使其致密时， 碾压压力大小为 200〜2000公斤之间。 逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)中，优选地所述金属覆层厚度检测控制机构（12) 通过位移传感器与逐层碾压装置（11)合为一体。 逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)中，还设置容纳所述待覆层工件（1)的移动机械 操作装置 (4)， 所述移动机械操作装置 (4)使得所述待覆层工件 (1)的位置相对于金 属液 (7)和所述逐层碾压装置（11)移动。所述移动机械操作装置 (4)可以采用本领域 传统的移动机械操作装置的结构， 只要其能够控制所述待覆层工件的位置相对于金 属液 (例如雾化喷射形态的金属液)和所述逐层碾压装置变动即可。
具体地例如， 所述移动机械操作装置 (4)控制所述待覆层工件与金属液和所述 逐层碾压装置之间进行相对旋转、往复等相对运动， 从而使得覆层金属均匀、快速、 逐层地覆盖在待覆层工件的表面。 所述待覆层工件可以是磨损零件或复合结构零件。所述待覆层工件的个数没有 限制， 例如可以是一个或多个工件同时接受覆层。
所述待覆层工件的表面可以是回转体， 也可以是非回转体对称表面。 所述喷射单元（100)和逐层碾压修复和制造单元 (200)的外部可以设置容器。具 体地例如一个能建立惰性气体保护气氛的喷射室。 本发明的其他方面由于本文的公开内容， 对本领域的技术人员而言是显而 易见的。
本发明不限于上述细节的描述，任何不偏离本发明实质精神的变化或修饰都将 包括在本发明范畴之中以下结合具体实施例， 进一步阐明本发明。 应理解， 这些 实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体 条件的实验方法， 通常按照常规条件， 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 比例和百 分比基于重量， 除非特别说明。
除非另有定义或说明， 本文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域技术 熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆 可应用于本发明方法中。 实施例 1
图 1是本发明工艺和设备的示意图。 以一对铁路车轮 1的修复为例， 它们 因外圆磨损而报废。
设备中设有喷射室 2， 喷射室 2的上部设置喷射单元 100， 所述喷射单元 100 包括： 金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5 ; 所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5提供金属 液 7 ; 金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5的下游设置惰性气体雾化喷射装置 8; 所述惰 性气体雾化喷射装置 8 使得其中的金属液 Ί 雾化喷射到所述待覆层工件 (也即车 轮） 1上形成金属覆层 10。
喷射室 2的下部设置设有逐层碾压修复和制造单元 200， 包括： 位于所述待覆 层工件 1周围并对所述待覆层工件 1表面预热的加热装置 3 ; 位于所述金属覆层 10 一侧并对所述金属覆层 10进行逐层碾压的逐层碾压装置 11 ; 容纳所述待覆层工件 1的移动机械操作装置 4， 所述移动机械操作装置 4使得所述待覆层工件 1的位置 相对于金属液 7和所述逐层碾压装置 11移动； 连接所述逐层碾压装置 11的金属覆 层厚度检测控制机构 12， 以使所述金属覆层 10达到预定厚度时能及时停止所述金 属液 7的供给或喷覆。
详述如下： 如图 1所示， 喷射室 2上部开孔放置金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5， 所述金 属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5可以是熔炼炉或中间包。 喷射室 2的两侧开孔设置移动 机械操作装置 4a和移动机械操作装置 4b。喷射室 2的下部的一侧设置尾气出口 14。 喷射成形中产生的惰性气体通过尾气出口 14进入除尘系统（图中未示）， 然后排空 或回收。 喷射室 2的下部的另一侧设置开孔使得厚度检测控制机构 12 (也即操作传 感机构）通过。
又如图 1所示， 车轮 1置于喷射室 2， 由加热装置 3对其表面进行预热。 安装 在移动机械操作装置 4上。 感应加热器 3可固定在喷射室 2中， 待修复车轮 1由 操作系统 4a推进到其中加热。 感应加热器 3也可是能运动的， 让车轮 1停留在 喷嘴 8下方的喷射成形位置而在操作系统 4b驱动下能主动包套到车轮 1待修复 表面。在此加热过程中， 车轮 1由操作系统 4a驱动以适当速度（例如 20-200转 / 分钟的速度）旋转， 以使加热均匀并减少其形变。
移动机械操作装置 4为操作系统 4a、 操作系统 4b或二者组合。
金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 5 (熔炼炉或浇包）向设置在喷射室 2的上部开孔的 中间包 6中注入金属液 7。 中间包 6的底部设置开孔， 使得所述金属液 7通过开 孔进入喷射室， 与所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 8接触后，金属液 7雾化喷射到车轮 1上。
碾轮 1 1对金属覆层 10的压力由操作传感机构 12来控制， 它同时是金属覆 层 10厚度的检测器， 以保证达到预定覆层厚度时停止喷射。
待修复表面的端面根据需要设有一挡板 13， 以帮助端面部位喷射覆层的建 立和对不需覆层部位的防护。 本发明的修复工艺过程如下：
首先将待修复表面进行处理， 可包括去污清洗、 喷丸或喷砂处理、 机械加工 等。 将待修复零件 1置于图 1所示的喷射室 2中，在惰性气体保护下通过感应器 3对待修复表面快速加热， 其加热速度可通过感应器的功率、 形状和工作频率来 调节， 以使待修复表面尽快达到适当的温度 （一般为待修复零件金属熔点的 50 % - 95%, 此处熔点为 1493 °C ) ， 而其它部位例如其内孔和轴辐的温度保持在较 低温度以维持其形状和尺寸精度。感应加热器 3可固定在喷射室 2中， 待修复车 轮 1 由操作系统 4a推进到其中加热。 感应加热器 3也可是能运动的， 让车轮 1 停留在喷嘴 8下方的喷射成形位置而在操作系统 4b驱动下能主动包套到车轮 1 待修复表面。 在此加热过程中， 车轮 1 由操作系统 4a 驱动以适当速度（例如 20-200转 /分钟的速度）旋转， 以使加热均匀并减少其形变。
当待修复表面达到适当的温度后， 车轮 1 进入喷射成形位置接受雾化金属 的喷射覆层。 这时熔炼炉或浇包 5向中间包 6中注入金属液 7。 金属液从中间包 6底部注孔进入喷射室 2后即被高压 （2 - 15大气压） 惰性气喷嘴 8雾化成金属 液-雾射流 9喷射至车轮 1的待修复面沉积形成金属覆层 10。 这时车轮 1在雾化 金属射流下以设定的速度（例如 20-100 转 /分钟， 30-80毫米 /秒）进行旋转和往 复运动以使其各待修复部位获得所需的覆层厚度。 单个喷射装置的金属流速为 10-100 公斤 /分钟（例如为 50-70公斤 /分钟）， 这是由中间包 6底部注孔的直径 和喷嘴 8的尺寸等因素来控制的。根据待修复零件形状和尺寸特点， 本工艺还可 采用多组喷嘴完成喷射覆层过程。
在上述金属的喷射覆层过程中， 碾轮 11对高温覆层金属进行逐层碾压。 因 刚沉积的金属覆层温度接近熔点， 具有较好的流变性， 碾轮 11 对金属覆层 10 的压力或压强可以很小（例如为 1-10吨）即可使金属覆层压实， 其压力又不致破 坏车轮 1非修复部位的形状和尺寸精度。碾轮 11对金属覆层 10的压力由操作传 感机构 12来控制， 它同时是金属覆层 10厚度的检测器， 以保证达到预定覆层厚 度时停止喷射。
待修复表面的端面根据需要设有一挡板 13， 以帮助端面部位喷射覆层的建 立和对不需覆层部位的防护。
喷射成形所用的惰性气体通过尾气出口 14进入除尘系统，然后排空或回收。 经上述工艺金属覆层-逐层碾压过的一对车轮经机械分开， 再经过常规机械 加工和必要的热处理即成为更新的或再制造的产品。 制得的车轮的性能：
对如图 2所示的 138毫米宽的轮圈 1进行喷射覆层、 碾压， 制得金属覆层 10的试样。 最后得到两只样件： 试样 1-4和试样 2-4。 其轮圈和覆层金属都是标 准的铁路车轮用钢， 其成份如表 1 所示。 另对同样的轮圈仅进行喷射覆层， 不 碾压， 制得另外一只样件： 试样 1-1， 以比较本发明的优越性。 表 1. 车轮钢的钢号和化学成分 化学成分 （％)
钢号
C S i Mn P S
CL60 0. 55〜 0. 17〜 0. 50〜 ^ 0. 035 ^ 0. 040
0. 65 0. 37 0. 80 对各试样按铁道部碾钢车轮标准 TB/T2817进行调质热处理、 并进行硬度检 测、 抗拉强度、 延伸率、 断面收缩的测定。 测定时按图 2所示的部位 A (抗拉试 棒取样位置）切取抗拉强度试棒进行拉伸试验、 与其标准机械性能比较， 其结果 见表 2。 结果表明， 用本发明的方法制得的试样 1-4和 2-4能满足碾钢车轮标准 (注： 2-4的抗拉强度略低于标准值是因为热处理的硬度偏低， 并非材料内在质 量有问题） ， 而仅做喷射覆层的对比试样 1-1不能达到要求。 如图 2所示， 抗拉 试棒的测试段横跨喷射覆层与基底模拟件的界面，表明这些拉伸试验的结果也代 表其界面的最低强度： 喷射覆层与被覆层轮圈有可靠的结合。
Figure imgf000012_0001
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考， 就如同每一篇文献被单 独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解， 在阅读了本发明的上述内容之后， 本领域 技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改， 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附 权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种精密喷射成形-逐层碾压修复和制造设备， 用于待覆层工件 (1)的喷射 成形、 以及逐层碾压修复或制造， 其特征在于， 所述设备由下列机构或功能部件组 成：
一喷射单元（100)， 所述喷射单元（100)包括：
一金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)； 所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装 置 (5)提供金属液 (7) ;
一位于所述金属液熔炼制备或供给装置 (5)的下游的惰性气体雾化 喷射装置 (8)；所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8)使得所述金属液 (7) 雾化喷射到所述待覆层工件 (1)上形成金属覆层（10)；
一逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200)， 所述逐层碾压修复和制造单元（200) 包括：
一位于所述待覆层工件（1)周围并对所述待覆层工件 (1)表面预热 的加热装置 (3) ;
一位于所述金属覆层（10)—侧并对所述金属覆层（10)进行逐层碾 压的逐层碾压装置（11) ;
一容纳所述待覆层工件（1)的移动机械操作装置 (4)， 所述移动机 械操作装置 (4)使得所述待覆层工件（1)的位置相对于金属液 (7) 和所述逐层碾压装置（11)移动；
一连接所述逐层碾压装置（11)的金属覆层厚度检测控制机构
(12)， 以使所述金属覆层（10)达到预定厚度时能及时停止所述 金属液 (7)的供给或喷覆。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述惰性气体雾化喷射装置 (8) 由金属液导流管、 邻近所述金属液导流管的一个或多个惰性气体喷嘴组成。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述逐层碾压装置（11)为液压或 气动控制式的碾压装置。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述逐层碾压装置（11)由一只或 多只碾轮组成。 5、 如权利要求 4所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述逐层碾压装置（11)中的碾轮 为圆柱形或曲线回转体。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述碾轮的周围设置内部或外部 循环冷却系统。
7、如权利要求 1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述加热装置（3)采用感应加热器。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述金属液熔炼制备和供给装置 (5)选自熔炉、 保温炉、 浇包或中间包。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述金属覆层厚度检测控制机构 (12)通过位移传感器与逐层碾压装置（11)合为一体。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其特征在于， 所述待覆层工件选自磨损零件或 复合结构零件。
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