WO2009114978A1 - 时钟恢复的方法及装置 - Google Patents

时钟恢复的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009114978A1
WO2009114978A1 PCT/CN2008/073195 CN2008073195W WO2009114978A1 WO 2009114978 A1 WO2009114978 A1 WO 2009114978A1 CN 2008073195 W CN2008073195 W CN 2008073195W WO 2009114978 A1 WO2009114978 A1 WO 2009114978A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reference signal
clock reference
program clock
submodule
filtering
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PCT/CN2008/073195
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任新村
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP08873409.0A priority Critical patent/EP2302935B1/en
Publication of WO2009114978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009114978A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44209Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H04N21/4305Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/4348Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of digital technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for clock recovery. Background technique
  • Clock recovery is one of the key technologies for digital media playback control.
  • the main purpose of this technology is to control the local stream playback speed and source code stream transmission speed by synchronizing the stream stream sender and the local clock to make the local stream.
  • the playback speed and the source stream transmission speed remain consistent for a long time to prevent the local player from overflowing or underflowing.
  • the prior art related to the present invention generally implements media data stream clock recovery through a hardware phase-locked loop, and extracts a PCR (Program Clock Reference) and a local STC (from a TS (Transport Stream) stream).
  • System Time Clock, local system clock) comparison the difference is e, the difference is input to the low-pass filter, after filtering to get f, f is generally used to control VCO (Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
  • VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
  • the signal of the operating frequency inputs the clock of the adjusted VC0 output to the STC generating device, and the restored local clock is generated by the STC.
  • the playback time stamp PTS (Presentation Time Stamp) of the video is synchronized with the STC, and the trial audio lip synchronization is ensured.
  • the 27 MHz clock generated by VC0 can be used as the clock source for the video output module. Since the STC continuously compares the clocks that have passed through the phase-locked loop and the PCR, and the clock at the source of the head end only has a phase difference due to network delay, but the frequency is consistent, the playback speed and the source code stream can be guaranteed. The speed of sending is also the same, so There is no local buffer overflow.
  • the invention provides a method and a device for clock recovery, which can perform clock recovery without a DCO (Digital Controlled Oscillator) or a VCO, and a large network delay, and achieve a better effect.
  • DCO Digital Controlled Oscillator
  • a method for clock recovery including:
  • a clock recovery device includes: a comparison module, a filtering module, and a recovery module; wherein
  • the comparing module is configured to obtain a first program clock reference signal of the transport stream, compare the first program clock reference signal with a local system clock signal, to obtain a first comparison signal, and send the first comparison signal to The filtering module;
  • the filtering module is configured to perform filtering processing on the first comparison signal to obtain a second comparison signal, and obtain an updated second program clock reference signal according to historical values of the second comparison signal and the second program clock reference signal. Transmitting the updated second program clock reference signal to the recovery module;
  • the recovery module is configured to recover, according to the updated second program clock reference signal, the recording time of the second program clock reference signal recorded by the system fixed clock source, and the current time of the system fixed clock source The first program clock reference signal.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: without using the DCO/VCO, using software filtering, cyclically monitoring by tracking the first program clock reference signal, restoring the first program clock reference The signal improves the adaptability of the network condition for clock recovery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a clock recovery method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a clock recovery method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a clock recovery apparatus according to the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for clock recovery.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for clock recovery, as shown in FIG. 1, including the following steps:
  • Step S1 Acquire a first program clock reference signal of the transport stream, compare the first program clock reference signal with a local system clock signal, and obtain a first comparison signal.
  • the filter parameters and the number of filtering times need to be set according to the bearer network condition and the user requirements, and the system fixed clock source is introduced to activate the local system clock module.
  • Step S2 performing a filtering process on the first comparison signal to obtain a second comparison signal, and updating the historical value according to the second comparison signal and the second program clock reference signal.
  • the filtering algorithm for filtering the first comparison signal includes an exponential weight moving average EWMA filtering algorithm, and the filtering algorithm is replaceable and configurable.
  • the comparison signal is filtered and the delay jitter is removed to obtain a filtered second program clock reference signal.
  • the historical value refers to the second program clock reference signal that is constantly updated.
  • the initial value of the historical value is the initial value of the first program clock reference signal.
  • Step S3 The restored first program clock reference signal is obtained according to the updated second program clock reference signal, the recording time of the second program clock reference signal recorded by the system fixed clock source, and the current time of the system fixed clock source.
  • the obtaining the restored first program clock reference signal further includes updating the local system clock to the restored first program clock reference signal, and tracking the first program clock reference signal. Since the acquisition and output of the second local system clock signal is a discontinuous process, the restored first program clock reference signal (the updated local system clock signal) needs to provide a continuous local system clock to the device such as the player, locally. During the generation of the system clock, a fixed clock source of the system is introduced for timing to record the recording time of the second program clock reference signal and the current time of the system.
  • Embodiment 2 Clock recovery method
  • the first program clock reference signal PCR is restored by filtering, and the updated local system clock STC-1 (ie, the first program clock reference signal after clock recovery) is used as The local system clock of the player's audio and video synchronization, controlling the playback speed of the audio and video through parameters such as PTS (Presentation Time Stam), synchronizing the local stream playback speed and the transmission speed of the source, and performing the lip sound of the audio and video. Synchronous processing. And the player's video input The outgoing module can introduce a constant 27M clock source instead of STC-1.
  • PTS Presentation Time Stam
  • the PCR data extracted from the TS stream (corresponding to the first program clock reference signal of the first embodiment) and the STC-1 (corresponding to the local system of the first embodiment) The clock signal is compared (or subtracted) to obtain a comparison signal e.
  • E is filtered to remove the error caused by PCR due to delay jitter, etc., and the filtered comparison signal is added to the historical value to obtain PCR-1 (corresponding to the second program clock reference signal of Embodiment 1), where The historical value indicates the value of PCR-1 before the update.
  • the clock recovery based on the obtained PCR-1 obtains the local system clock STC-1, where STC-1 is the local system clock after the PCR is restored.
  • the step of obtaining the local system clock STC-1 according to the obtained PCR-1 can include: taking the time of the fixed time source of the system as a standard, and recording the time of the PCR-1 when the software is filtered, time corresponding to the first embodiment
  • the recording time of the second program clock reference signal (based on the time of the system fixed time source); when the local system clock needs to be generated (ie, clock recovery), the current time time 1 is recorded based on the time of the system fixed time source.
  • the difference between timel and timeO is added to the recently updated PCR-1 value to get STC-1.
  • STC-1 corresponds to the restored first clock reference signal of the first embodiment, and the signal STC-1 is again used as the new local system clock signal).
  • ie STC-1 PCR-1 + timel-time0.
  • STC-1 can be used as the local clock source for the audio and video synchronization of the player.
  • the advantage is that: even in the case of large packet transmission jitter, PCR-1 is filtered by PCR to remove jitter. The processing time, and the calculation time difference when generating the local system clock is based on the system fixed clock source. If the audio and video is played, the STC-1 calculated according to PCR-1 and the time difference is used, and the playback speed can be The speed of the stream stream is synchronized to ensure that the buffer of the player does not overflow. Since the audio and video compare the PTS to the STC-1, the playback time of the audio and video is similar. The lip sync of the audio and video is automatically completed.
  • the filtering algorithm used in software filtering can be replaced and configured. There are many filtering algorithms, such as: EWMA (Exponentially weighted moving average) filtering algorithm.
  • the filter parameter is generally selected as 0.5, which is convenient for shift operation.
  • the number of calculations of the EWMA can be adjusted as needed.
  • even the E WM ⁇ operation can be used for filtering.
  • the filtering process is a debounce process, and in the IP network stream, the triple EWMA operation can be selected. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a clock recovery device, as shown in FIG. 3, including: a comparison module 100, a filtering module 200, and a recovery module 300;
  • the comparison module 100 is configured to obtain a first program clock reference signal of the transport stream, compare the first program clock reference signal with a local system clock signal, to obtain a first comparison signal, and send the first comparison signal to the filter.
  • Module 200 ;
  • the filtering module 200 is configured to perform filtering processing on the first comparison signal to obtain a second comparison signal, and obtain an updated second program clock reference signal according to a historical value of the second comparison signal and the second program clock reference signal, and the updated The second program clock reference signal is sent to the recovery module 300;
  • the recovery module 300 is configured to obtain, according to the updated second program clock reference signal, the recording time of the second program clock reference signal recorded by the system fixed clock source, and the current time of the system fixed clock source.
  • the first program clock reference signal is configured to obtain, according to the updated second program clock reference signal, the recording time of the second program clock reference signal recorded by the system fixed clock source, and the current time of the system fixed clock source.
  • FIG. 4 is a second embodiment of a clock recovery apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the module is refined according to the first embodiment.
  • the recovery module 300 includes: a receiving submodule 310, a recording submodule 320, and a computing subroutine. a module 330, and a clock update submodule 340, and a transmission submodule 350; wherein
  • the receiving submodule 310 is configured to receive the updated second program clock reference signal, and access the system fixed clock source;
  • a recording sub-module 320 configured to record the updated second program clock reference signal received by the receiving sub-module 310, and the second program clock parameter recorded by the system fixed clock source The recording time of the test signal, and the current time of the system fixed clock source;
  • the calculating sub-module 330 is configured to obtain a restored first program clock reference signal according to the second program clock reference signal updated in the recording sub-module 320 and according to the recording time and the current time of the recording sub-module;
  • the clock update submodule 340 is configured to update the local system clock according to the restored first clock reference signal obtained by the calculation submodule 330, and update the local system clock signal to the restored first program clock reference signal;
  • the sending sub-module 350 is configured to send the restored first program clock reference signal obtained by the calculation sub-module 340, and send the updated local system clock signal of the clock update sub-module to the comparison module to track the source of the first program clock reference signal.
  • the end stream playback speed is configured to send the restored first program clock reference signal obtained by the calculation sub-module 340, and send the updated local system clock signal of the clock update sub-module to the comparison module to track the source of the first program clock reference signal.
  • the filtering module 200 includes: a receiving submodule 210, a setting submodule 220, a filtering submodule 230, a historical value updating submodule 240, and a transmitting submodule 250; wherein the receiving submodule 210 is configured to receive the first comparison signal;
  • the setting sub-module 220 is configured to set the filtering parameter and the filtering times according to the bearer network condition and the user requirement;
  • the filtering sub-module 230 is configured to perform filtering processing on the first comparison signal received by the receiving sub-module 210 according to the filtering parameter and the filtering times of the setting sub-module 220, and remove the delay jitter to obtain a second comparison signal;
  • the historical value update sub-module 240 is configured to obtain an updated historical value according to the historical value of the second comparison signal and the second program clock reference signal obtained by the filtering sub-module 230 (the historical value is initialized, since the STC-1 is only fixed by the system)
  • the clock source, the fixed clock source of the system is usually only a few megahertz, which is basically negligible compared with the PCR. Therefore, after the comparison module, the initial value of the historical value is the initial value of the first program clock reference signal), updated The historical value is the updated second program clock reference signal;
  • the sending submodule 250 is configured to send the updated second program clock reference signal obtained by the historical value update submodule 240 to the recovery module 300.
  • the filtering algorithm configured by the filtering submodule 230 is Replaced and configured, including the EWMA filtering algorithm.
  • the difference from the method of implementing clock recovery by the phase-locked loop circuit is that the video output module of the player can introduce a constant 27M clock, which has no relationship with the clock recovery device, is not affected by the PCR jitter, and avoids the clock.
  • Signal jitter and delay in the IP network and does not require support from devices such as VCOs, reducing design and manufacturing costs.
  • the first program clock reference signal is restored by filtering, the local system clock is updated to the restored first program clock reference signal, and the first program clock reference signal is tracked, and the updated local system clock STC-1 is used as
  • the local system clock of the player's audio and video synchronization the audio and video controls the playback speed through parameters such as PTS (Presentation Time Stam), synchronizes the local stream playback speed and the source transmission speed, and synchronizes the lip and audio of the audio and video. deal with.
  • PTS Presentation Time Stam
  • the clock recovery device is first initialized, mainly to obtain the historical value of the filtering module 200, and set the filtering parameters and the filtering times of the filtering module 200 according to the condition of the carrying network and the user requirements. And introducing a system fixed clock source to activate the recovery module 300.
  • the PCR data extracted by the TS stream (corresponding to the first program clock reference signal of the first embodiment) is sent to the comparison device 100, and the STC-1 taken by the recovery device (corresponding to the local system clock signal of the first embodiment) Comparing, the e is obtained, and then the filtering module 200 is subjected to filtering processing to remove the error caused by the delay of the PCR due to delay jitter, etc., and the filtered comparison signal is added to the historical value to obtain PCR-1 (corresponding to the first embodiment)
  • the second program clock reference signal is input; the PCR-1 is input to the recovery module 300, the recovery module 300 updates the PCR-1 recorded by the recording sub-module 320 in the module to the latest value, and the recording sub-module 320 acquires the latest PCR- 1 time timeO is recorded.
  • the calculation sub-module 330 first takes the current time time1 of the recovery module 300 and the time timeO of the recording sub-module 320, and adds the difference between the time1 and the timeO to the most recently updated record recorded by the recovery module 300.
  • PCR-1 the STC-1 is obtained (corresponding to the restored first clock reference signal of the first embodiment, the same
  • STC-1 PCR-1 + time 1 - timeO, and the records of time 1 and timeO are based on the system fixed clock source.
  • the filtering algorithm used by the filtering module is replaceable and configurable.
  • filtering algorithms such as: EWMA (Exponentially weighted moving average) filtering algorithm.
  • the filter parameter is generally selected as 0.5, which is convenient for shift operation.
  • the number of calculations of the EWMA can be adjusted as needed.
  • even the E WM ⁇ operation can be used for filtering.
  • the filtering process is a debounce process, and in the IP network stream, the triple EWMA operation can be selected. .
  • the error of PTS and STC-1 can be above the millisecond (ms) level, and the STC-1 generated by the filtering device can fully meet the requirements.
  • the filtering module performs filtering processing on the PCR data and the STC-1, and removes the error caused by the delay jitter, etc., and adds the filtered comparison signal to the historical value of the PCR-1 to obtain a new one.
  • PCR-1 and update the historical value of PCR-1 to the new PCR-1, and input the latest PCR-1 to the recovery module 300.
  • the video output module in the player which uses the system's fixed clock source, has nothing to do with the clock recovery device, using a constant 27M clock as the clock input for the video output module.
  • the clock of the audio and video synchronization of the TS stream player is used by tracking the PCR of the TS stream and continuously updating the local system clock, even if the playback speed and the source stream transmission speed are inconsistent due to some special reasons, the player It can be analyzed according to the audio and video synchronization clock and the video output module clock. For example: It can be processed by skipping frames, so that the TS stream player has better network adaptability.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the prior art uses PCR as a "local clock source" for the player video output module and the player audio and video synchronization, so there is a jitter factor, and the embodiment of the present invention introduces the system.
  • Fixed clock source avoid DCO (Digital-Controlled Oscillator) /VCO,
  • the clock output video module is fixed by other unadjusted systems, the audio and video synchronization of the player is separated from the video output module, and the recovered STC-1 is compared with the PCR to track the change of the PCR and use the filtering method to perform clock recovery.
  • loop monitoring generating the STC required for local player audio and video synchronization.
  • the clock recovery module is implemented by software, which eliminates the VCO/DCO device in the prior art, de-jitters by filtering, updates the local system clock, and tracks the changed first program clock reference signal to meet the audio and video synchronization requirements of the player, ensuring The player buffer does not overflow, saving cost; even if the network delay is large, it will not affect the normal operation of the video output module, and the player audio and video synchronization is analyzed by the clock recovery device to analyze the PCR stream.
  • the clock change of the playback speed of the source stream is processed and processed accordingly, which improves the adaptability of the network jitter.
  • the present invention can be implemented by hardware, or can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platform, and the technical solution of the present invention. It can be embodied in the form of a software product that can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.), including a number of instructions for making a computer device (may It is a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) that performs the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • a non-volatile storage medium which can be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.
  • a computer device may It is a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)

Description

时钟恢复的方法及装置 本申请要求了 2008 年 3 月 21 日提交的、 申请号为 200810084420.7、 发明名称为 "时钟恢复的方法及装置" 的中国申 请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及数字技术领域,特别是涉及一种时钟恢复的方法及 装置。 背景技术
时钟恢复是数字媒体播放控制的关键技术之一, 该技术的主 要目的是通过同步码流发送端和本地的时钟, 控制本地的码流播 放速度和源端码流发送速度, 使本地的码流播放速度和源端码流 发送速度保持长期一致, 以防止本地播放器产生上溢或者下溢的 情形。
与本发明相关的现有技术一般通过硬件锁相环实现媒体数据 流时钟恢复,把从 TS(Transport Stream , 传输流)流中提取出的 PCR(Program Clock Reference , 节目时钟参考)和本地 STC(System Time Clock, 本地系统时钟)比较, 得到的差值为 e , 将差值输入 到低通滤波器, 经过滤波后得到 f, f 一般是一个用于控制 VCO (Voltage- Controlled Oscillator, 压控晶振) 工作频率的信号, 将调 整后的 VC0输出的时钟输入到 STC产生装置, 由 STC产生恢复 后的本地时钟。 视试音频的播放时间戳 PTS ( Presentation Time Stamp ) 分别和 STC 相比后做同步处理, 保证试音频唇音同步。 VC0产生的 27MHZ时钟可以作为视频输出模块的时钟源。 由于 STC是通过锁相环和 PCR不断比较爹正过的时钟, 和头端源端的 时钟在只存在由于网络延迟导致的相位差, 但频率是一致的, 所 以可以保证播放速度和源端码流发送的速度也是一致的, 这样就 不会产生本地緩冲溢出的现象。
在实现本发明的过程中, 发明人发现现有技术存在以下缺点: 需要一个锁相环电路, 外部需要 VCO支持, 成本较高。
如果是 IP网络, 包传输抖动很大的情况下, 由于 PCR的达到 时间不准确, VCO的恢复效果也不好。
发明内容
提供一种时钟恢复的方法及装置, 可以在没有 DCO (Digital Controlled Oscillator , 数字控制振荡器)或 VCO 、 以及网络延迟 较大的的情况下进行时钟恢复并达 'J较好的效果。
提出一种时钟恢复的方法, 包括:
获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号, 将所述第一节目时钟 参考信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较, 得到第一比较信号;
将所述第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得到第二比较信号, 根 据所述第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新 的第二节目时钟参考信号;
根据所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、 系统固定时钟源记 录的所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、 以及所述系统固定 时钟源的当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号。
一种时钟恢复装置, 包括: 比较模块, 滤波模块, 恢复模块; 其中,
所述比较模块, 用于获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号, 将所述第一节目时钟参考信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较, 得 到第一比较信号, 将所述第一比较信号发送到所述滤波模块;
所述滤波模块, 用于将所述第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得 到第二比较信号, 根据所述第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信 号的历史值得到更新的第二节目时钟参考信号, 将所述更新的第 二节目时钟参考信号发送到所述恢复模块; 所述恢复模块, 用于根据所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、 系统固定时钟源记录的所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、 以及所述系统固定时钟源的当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟 参考信号。
与现有技术相比, 本发明实施例的技术方案具有以下优点: 不使用 DCO/VCO, 而利用软件滤波的方式, 通过跟踪第一节 目时钟参考信号来进行循环监控, 恢复第一节目时钟参考信号, 提高了时钟恢复的网络状况适应能力。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的时钟恢复的方法实施例一的流程示意图; 图 2为本发明提供的时钟恢复方法实施例二的原理示意图 图 3为本发明提供的时钟恢复装置实施例一的结构示意图; 图 4为本发明提供的时钟恢复装置实施例二的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供一种时钟恢复的方法及装置。
下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步 详细描述:
本发明的实施例一提供一种时钟恢复的方法, 如图 1 所示, 包括以下步骤:
步骤 S1 , 获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号, 将第一节目 时钟参考信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较, 得到第一比较信号。
在该步骤前还需要根据承载网络情况和用户需求设置滤波参 数和滤波次数, 并引入系统固定时钟源激活所述本地系统时钟模 块。
步骤 S2 , 将第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得到第二比较信号, 根据第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新的 第二节目时钟参考信号。 其中将第一比较信号进行滤波处理釆用 的滤波算法包括指数权重移动平均 EWMA滤波算法, 而滤波算法 是可以替换和配置的。
将比较信号进行滤波处理、 去掉延迟抖动, 得到滤波后的第 二节目时钟参考信号。 在该步骤中, 历史值指的是不断更新的第 二节目时钟参考信号。 系统初始化时, 该历史值的初始值为第一 节目时钟参考信号的初始值。
步骤 S3 , 根据更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、 系统固定时钟 源记录的第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、 以及系统固定时钟 源的当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号。
得到恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号还包括将本地系统时钟 更新为所述恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号, 跟踪所述第一节目 时钟参考信号。 由于第二本地系统时钟信号的获取和输出是个不 连续的过程, 恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号 (更新后的本地系 统时钟信号) 需要给播放器等设备提供连续的本地系统时钟, 在 本地系统时钟的生成过程中, 引入系统的固定时钟源进行计时, 以记录所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、 以及系统的当前 时间。
在该步骤中, 根据所述第二节目时钟参考信号、 记录时间、 当前时间计算生成恢复的第一时钟参考信号为: 恢复的第一时钟 参考信号=第二节目时钟参考信号 +当前时间 -记录时间。
实施例二 时钟恢复方法
如图 2 所示, 在本实施例中, 通过滤波的方式恢复第一节目 时钟参考信号 PCR, 将更新后的本地系统时钟 STC— 1 (即经过时 钟恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号) 作为播放器的音视频同步的 本地系统时钟, 通过 PTS ( Presentation Time Stam , 播放时间戳 ) 等参数控制音视频的播放速度, 同步本地的码流播放速度和源端 的发送速度, 并进行音视频的唇音同步处理。 而播放器的视频输 出模块可以引入恒定的 27M时钟源, 而不用 STC— 1。
下面具体介绍时钟恢复方法的详细流程, 仍如图 3 所示, 将 从 TS流提取的 PCR数据 (对应实施例一的第一节目时钟参考信 号) 和 STC— 1 (对应实施例一的本地系统时钟信号)相比较(或 称: 相减), 得到比较信号 e。 将 e经过滤波处理, 去掉 PCR因为 延迟抖动等原因造成的误差, 将滤波后的所述比较信号与历史值 相加得到 PCR— 1 (对应实施例一的第二节目时钟参考信号), 这里 的历史值表示更新前的 PCR— 1的值。 当播放器需要使用本地系统 时钟时, 根据获得的 PCR— 1 进行时钟恢复得到本地系统时钟 STC— 1 , 这里的 STC— 1即对 PCR进行恢复后的本地系统时钟。
根据获得的 PCR— 1进行时钟恢复得到本地系统时钟 STC— 1的 步骤具体可以包括: 以系统固定时间源的时间为准, 记录经过软 件滤波时的 PCR— 1的时间 timeO , time对应实施例一的第二节目时 钟参考信号的记录时间 (以系统固定时间源的时间为准); 在需要 生成本地系统时钟 (即进行时钟恢复) 时, 以系统固定时间源的 时间为准记录当前时间 time 1 (以系统固定时间源的时间为准), 将 timel 和 timeO 的差值加上最近更新的 PCR— 1 值, 就得到 STC— 1。 (STC—1对应实施例一的恢复后的第一时钟参考信号, 同 时该信号 STC— 1又作为新本地系统时钟信号)。,即 STC— 1 = PCR— 1 + timel- time0。
在 TS流的播放过程中, 可以将 STC— 1作为播放器的音视频 同步的本地时钟源, 其优点在于: 即使在包传输抖动很大的情况 下, 由于 PCR— 1是 PCR经过滤波去除抖动的处理, 且生成本地系 统时钟时计算时间差是以系统固定时钟源为准的, 如果音视频播 放时以根据 PCR— 1和所述时间差计算得到的 STC— 1为准, 就可以 将播放速度和码流发送端的速度进行同步, 保证播放器的緩冲不 会产生上下溢出的情况, 由于音视频将 PTS 分别和 STC— 1 相比 较播出的, 所以音视频的播放时间也比较相近, 也就自动完成了 音视频的唇音同步。 在本实施例中, 软件滤波时釆用的滤波算法是可以替换和配 置的。 滤波算法有很多, 例如: EWMA(Exponentially weighted moving average , 指数权重移动平均滤波器 )滤波算法。
为计算方便, 滤波参数一般选择 0.5 , 这样方便移位运算。 根据需要可以将 EWMA的计算次数进行调整。 在源端码流速 度比较均勾的情况下甚至可以只作一次 E WM Α运算就可以实现滤 波, 滤波的过程就是一个去抖动的过程, 而在 IP网络流中, 可以 选择使用 3重 EWMA运算。
本发明实施例还提供一种时钟恢复装置, 如图 3所示, 包括: 比较模块 100 , 滤波模块 200 , 恢复模块 300; 其中,
比较模块 100 , 用于获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号, 将 所述第一节目时钟参考信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较, 得到 第一比较信号, 将所述第一比较信号发送到滤波模块 200;
滤波模块 200 , 用于将第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得到第二 比较信号, 根据第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值 得到更新的第二节目时钟参考信号, 将更新的第二节目时钟参考 信号发送到恢复模块 300;
恢复模块 300 , 用于根据所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、 系统固定时钟源记录的所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、 以及所述系统固定时钟源的当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟 参考信号。
如图 4 所示为本发明实施例提供的时钟恢复装置实施例二, 在实施例一的基础上对各模块进行细化, 恢复模块 300 包括: 接 收子模块 310 , 记录子模块 320 , 计算子模块 330 , 和时钟更新子 模块 340 , 和发送子模块 350; 其中,
接收子模块 310 , 用于接收更新的第二节目时钟参考信号, 并 接入系统固定时钟源;
记录子模块 320,用于记录接收子模块 310接收的所述更新的 第二节目时钟参考信号、 系统固定时钟源记录的第二节目时钟参 考信号的记录时间、 以及系统固定时钟源的当前时间;
计算子模块 330 ,用于根据记录子模块 320中更新的第二节目 时钟参考信号和根据记录子模块的记录时间与当前时间得到恢复 的第一节目时钟参考信号;
时钟更新子模块 340 ,用于根据计算子模块 330得到的恢复的 第一时钟参考信号更新本地系统时钟, 将本地系统时钟信号更新 为恢复的第一节目时钟参考信号;
发送子模块 350 ,用于发送计算子模块 340得到的恢复的第一 节目时钟参考信号, 以及将时钟更新子模块更新后的本地系统时 钟信号发送到比较模块, 跟踪第一节目时钟参考信号的源端码流 播放速度。
滤波模块 200包括: 接收子模块 210 , 设置子模块 220 , 滤波 子模块 230 , 历史值更新子模块 240和发送子模块 250; 其中, 接收子模块 210 , 用于接收第一比较信号;
设置子模块 220 ,用于根据承载网络情况和用户需求设置滤波 参数和滤波次数;
滤波子模块 230 ,用于根据设置子模块 220的滤波参数和滤波 次数运行滤波软件对接收子模块 210 接收的第一比较信号进行滤 波处理、 去掉延迟抖动, 得到第二比较信号;
历史值更新子模块 240 ,用于根据滤波子模块 230得到的第二 比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新的历史值 (该历史值在初始化时, 由于 STC— 1 只有系统固定时钟源, 该系 统固定时钟源通常只有几兆赫兹, 与 PCR相比基本忽略不计, 因 此, 经过比较模块之后, 该历史值的初始值即为第一节目时钟参 考信号的初始值), 更新的历史值为更新的第二节目时钟参考信 号;
发送子模块 250 ,用于将历史值更新子模块 240得到的所述更 新的第二节目时钟参考信号发送到所述恢复模块 300。
在滤波模块 200 中, 滤波子模块 230配置的滤波算法是可以 替换和配置的, 包括 EWMA滤波算法。
下面详细介绍本发明实施例提供的恢复装置的一个应用实施 例。 在本实施例中, 与通过锁相环电路实现时钟恢复等方法不同 之处在于播放器的视频输出模块可以引入恒定的 27M时钟, 和时 钟恢复装置没有关系, 不受 PCR抖动的影响, 避免时钟信号在 IP 网络中的传输抖动和延迟, 而且不需要 VCO等设备的支持, 降低 了设计和制造成本。 另一方面, 通过滤波的方式恢复第一节目时 钟参考信号, 将本地系统时钟更新为恢复后的第一节目时钟参考 信号,跟踪第一节目时钟参考信号,更新后的本地系统时钟 STC— 1 作为播放器的音视频同步的本地系统时钟, 音视频通过 PTS ( Presentation Time Stam , 播放时间戳) 等参数控制播放速度, 同步本地的码流播放速度和源端的发送速度, 并进行音视频的唇 音同步处理。
仍如图 4 所示, 播放器系统运行前, 首先对时钟恢复装置进 行初始化, 主要是获取滤波模块 200 的历史值, 根据所述承载网 络情况和用户需求设置滤波模块 200 的滤波参数和滤波次数, 并 引入系统固定时钟源激活所述恢复模块 300。码流播放过程中, TS 流提取的 PCR数据 (对应实施例一的第一节目时钟参考信号) 送 入比较装置 100 , 和恢复装置取出的 STC— 1 (对应实施例一的本地 系统时钟信号)相比较, 得到 e, 再经过滤波模块 200 , 经过滤波 处理, 去掉 PCR因为延迟抖动等原因造成的误差, 将滤波后的所 述比较信号与历史值相加得到 PCR— 1 (对应实施例一的第二节目 时钟参考信号); 将 PCR— 1输入到恢复模块 300 , 恢复模块 300更 新该模块中记录子模块 320记录的 PCR— 1到最新值, 并将记录子 模块 320获取到最新的 PCR— 1的时间 timeO记录下来。
在需要从恢复模块取 STC— 1时, 计算子模块 330首先取恢复 模块 300的当前时间 timel以及记录子模块 320的时间 timeO , 将 timel和 timeO的差值加上恢复模块 300记录的最近更新的 PCR— 1, 就得到 STC— 1 (对应实施例一的恢复后的第一时钟参考信号, 同 时该信号又作为新本地系统时钟信号), 即 STC— 1 = PCR— 1 + time 1 - timeO ,其中 time 1和 timeO的记录均以系统固定时钟源为准。
在本实施例中, 滤波模块釆用的滤波算法是可以替换和配置 的。滤波算法有艮多 ,例如: EWMA(Exponentially weighted moving average , 指数权重移动平均滤波器)滤波算法。
为计算方便, 滤波参数一般选择 0.5 , 这样方便移位运算。 根据需要可以将 EWMA的计算次数进行调整。 在源端码流速 度比较均勾的情况下甚至可以只作一次 E WM Α运算就可以实现滤 波, 滤波的过程就是一个去抖动的过程, 而在 IP网络流中, 可以 选择使用 3重 EWMA运算。
在音视频同步播放中, PTS和 STC— 1相比较的误差可以在毫 秒 (ms ) 级以上, 由滤波装置生成的 STC— 1是完全可以满足要求 的。
本实施例中, 滤波模块对 PCR数据和 STC— 1相比较得到 e进 行滤波处理, 去掉延迟抖动等原因造成的误差, 将滤波后的所述 比较信号与 PCR— 1 的历史值相加得到新的 PCR— 1 , 并将 PCR— 1 的历史值更新为新的 PCR— 1 , 并将最新的 PCR— 1输入到恢复模块 300。
播放器中的视频输出模块, 釆用系统的固定时钟源, 和时钟 恢复装置没有关系, 釆用恒定的 27M时钟作为视频输出模块的时 钟输入。 而 TS 流播放器的音视频同步的时钟釆用的是通过跟踪 TS流的 PCR、 且不断更新本地系统时钟, 即使由于某些特殊原因 导致播放速度和源端的码流发送速度不一致时, 播放器可以根据 音视频同步时钟和视频输出模块时钟进行分析处理, 例如: 可以 釆用跳帧的方式处理,从而使 TS流播放器有了更好的网络适应性。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有以下优点: 现有技术是釆 用 PCR作为播放器视频输出模块和播放器音视频同步的 "本地时 钟源", 因此存在抖动因素,本发明实施例引入了系统固定时钟源, 避开 DCO(Digital-Controlled Oscillator,数字控制振荡器) /VCO , 用其他未经调整的系统固定时钟驱动视频输出模块, 播放器音视 频同步和视频输出模块时钟分离, 恢复后的 STC— 1与 PCR进行比 较, 跟踪 PCR的变化、 用滤波的方式来做时钟恢复, 循环监控, 产生本地播放器音视频同步所需要的 STC。 即通过跟踪第一节目 时钟参考信号来进行循环监控, 恢复第一节目时钟参考信号, 提 高了时钟恢复的网络状况适应能力。 时钟恢复模块由软件来实现, 省去了现有技术中 VCO/DCO装置,通过滤波去抖动、更新本地系 统时钟、 并跟踪变化的第一节目时钟参考信号以满足播放器音视 频同步需求, 保证播放器緩冲不会溢出的情况下, 节省了成本; 即使在网络延迟很大的情况下, 也不会影响到视频输出模块正常 工作, 播放器音视频同步通过时钟恢复装置分析 PCR流来跟踪源 端码流播放速度的时钟变化并进行相应处理, 提高了网络抖动的 适应能力。
通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解 到本发明可以通过硬件实现,也可以可借助软件加必要的通用硬件平 台的方式来实现基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案可以以软件产品 的形式体现出来, 该软件产品可以存储在一个非易失性存储介质(可 以是 CD-ROM, U盘, 移动硬盘等) 中, 包括若干指令用以使得一 台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 或者网络设备等)执行 本发明各个实施例所述的方法。
总之, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本 发明的保护范围。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种时钟恢复的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号,将所述第一节目时钟参考 信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较, 得到第一比较信号;
将所述第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得到第二比较信号, 根据所 述第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新的第二 节目时钟参考信号;
根据所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、系统固定时钟源记录的 所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、以及所述系统固定时钟源的 当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
将所述本地系统时钟更新为所述恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信 号, 跟踪所述第一节目时钟参考信号。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收传输流的 第一节目时钟参考信号之前还包括:
根据所述承载网络情况和用户需求设置滤波参数和滤波次数,并 弓 I入所述系统固定时钟源以记录所述记录时间和所述当前时间。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述第二 比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新的第二节目时 钟参考信号还包括:
将所述历史值更新为所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号,所述历 史值的初始值为所述第一节目时钟参考信号的初始值。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据所述更新 的第二节目时钟参考信号、系统固定时钟源记录的所述第二节目时钟 参考信号的记录时间、以及所述系统固定时钟源的当前时间得到恢复 后的第一节目时钟参考信号包括:
恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号 =第二节目时钟参考信号 +当前 时间 -记录时间。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述第一比 较信号进行滤波处理釆用的滤波算法包括指数权重移动平均 EWMA 滤波算法。
7、 一种时钟恢复的装置, 其特征在于, 包括: 比较模块, 滤波 模块, 恢复模块; 其中,
所述比较模块, 用于获取传输流的第一节目时钟参考信号, 将所 述第一节目时钟参考信号与本地系统时钟信号进行比较,得到第一比 较信号, 将所述第一比较信号发送到所述滤波模块;
所述滤波模块, 用于将所述第一比较信号进行滤波处理, 得到第 二比较信号,根据所述第二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史 值得到更新的第二节目时钟参考信号,将所述更新的第二节目时钟参 考信号发送到所述恢复模块;
所述恢复模块, 用于根据所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号、 系 统固定时钟源记录的所述第二节目时钟参考信号的记录时间、以及所 述系统固定时钟源的当前时间得到恢复后的第一节目时钟参考信号。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述恢复模块包括: 接收子模块, 记录子模块, 计算子模块, 和时钟更新子模块, 发送子 模块; 其中,
接收子模块, 用于接收所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号, 并接 入所述系统固定时钟源;
所述记录子模块,用于记录所述接收子模块接收的所述更新的第 二节目时钟参考信号、系统固定时钟源记录的所述第二节目时钟参考 信号的记录时间、 以及所述系统固定时钟源的当前时间;
所述计算子模块,用于根据所述记录子模块中所述更新的第二节 目时钟参考信号和根据所述记录子模块的记录时间与当前时间得到 所述恢复的第一节目时钟参考信号;
所述时钟更新子模块,用于才艮据所述计算子模块得到的所述恢复 的第一时钟参考信号更新本地系统时钟,将所述本地系统时钟信号更 新为所述恢复的第一节目时钟参考信号; 发送子模块,用于发送所述计算子模块得到的所述恢复的第一节 目时钟参考信号,以及将所述时钟更新子模块更新后的本地系统时钟 信号发送到所述比较模块,跟踪所述第一节目时钟参考信号的源端码 流播放速度。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述滤波模块包括: 接收子模块, 设置子模块, 滤波子模块, 历史值更新子模块, 和发送 子模块; 其中,
接收子模块, 用于接收所述第一比较信号;
所述设置子模块,用于根据所述承载网络情况和用户需求设置滤 波参数和滤波次数;
所述滤波子模块,用于根据所述设置子模块的所述滤波参数和所 述滤波次数运行滤波软件对所述接收子模块接收的所述第一比较信 号进行滤波处理、 去掉延迟抖动, 得到所述第二比较信号;
所述历史值更新子模块,用于根据所述滤波子模块得到的所述第 二比较信号与第二节目时钟参考信号的历史值得到更新的历史值,更 新的历史值为所述更新的第二节目时钟参考信号;
发送子模块,用于将所述历史值更新子模块得到的所述更新的第 二节目时钟参考信号发送到所述恢复模块。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述滤波子模块配 置的滤波算法包括指数权重移动平均 EWMA滤波算法。
PCT/CN2008/073195 2008-03-21 2008-11-25 时钟恢复的方法及装置 WO2009114978A1 (zh)

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