WO2009113469A1 - 光デバイス、その製造方法とそれを用いた光集積デバイス - Google Patents
光デバイス、その製造方法とそれを用いた光集積デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009113469A1 WO2009113469A1 PCT/JP2009/054373 JP2009054373W WO2009113469A1 WO 2009113469 A1 WO2009113469 A1 WO 2009113469A1 JP 2009054373 W JP2009054373 W JP 2009054373W WO 2009113469 A1 WO2009113469 A1 WO 2009113469A1
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- optical
- refractive index
- optical device
- waveguide
- control unit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00663—Production of light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/17—Multi-pass arrangements, i.e. arrangements to pass light a plurality of times through the same element, e.g. by using an enhancement cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/15—Function characteristic involving resonance effects, e.g. resonantly enhanced interaction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/60—Temperature independent
Definitions
- Optical device Optical device, manufacturing method thereof, and optical integrated device using the same
- the present invention relates to an optical device used for optical communication, optical wiring, optical storage, and the like, an optical integrated device including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the electro-optic effect in which the refractive index changes due to the interaction between the electric field and the substance, is applied to optical modulators because of its high speed, low power consumption due to voltage drive, and simple structure.
- An optical modulator using L i Nb0 3 is formed by combining electrodes with a Mach-Zehnder type waveguide formed by a Ti diffusion method on a single crystal L i Nb 0 3 substrate.
- This optical modulator changes the refractive index of the waveguide by applying a voltage, and can turn the optical signal on and off.
- this modulator is expensive because it requires the use of a single crystal substrate.
- L i Nb_ ⁇ 3 electro-optic effect is small, requires a long waveguide because plenary an electrode structure, is very large and cm base element size.
- the transparent ceramic Pb X L a x (Z r yT ii— y) 0 3 (P LZT) is nearly two orders of magnitude more electro-optic than the L i Nb O 3 single crystal used in current optical modulators.
- the coefficient is large. Therefore, the use of PLZT can be expected to reduce the size of optical elements and thereby reduce costs, reduce power consumption, and increase the speed.
- PLZT thinning by the sol-gel method has been studied so far. (Non-patent document 1, Non-patent document 2).
- silicon photonic devices that enable integration of light and electronics on a single chip are being studied.
- LSIs such as CPU and memory and active optical elements such as optical switches can be formed on the same substrate, and the speed of the LSI can be increased.
- the LSI formation technology can be applied to the optical communication device manufacturing process, A rating is possible.
- silicon is an indirect transition semiconductor, it is difficult to directly form a light emitting element such as a laser on a silicon substrate. For this reason, it is important to form on the silicon substrate an optical modulator that converts electrical signals into optical signals.
- This optical modulator for LSI optical distribution is required to be small in size, with low voltage and low power consumption that can be driven under the operating conditions of LSI.
- a ring resonator type composed of silicon has been studied as an optical modulator that satisfies this requirement (Non-patent Document 3).
- a silicon ring resonator changes the refractive index by injecting a carrier into the optical waveguide layer, and performs a modulation operation by changing the resonance wavelength.
- Non-Patent Document 1 K. D. Preston and G. H. Haertling: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 (1992) 2831.
- Non-Patent Document 2 K. Nashiraoto, K. Haga, M. Watanabe, S. Nakaraura and E. Osakabe: Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 1054.
- Non-Patent Document 3 A. Liu, L. Liao, D. Rubin, H. Nguyen, B. Ciftcioglu, Y. Ghetrit, N. Izhaky, M. Paniccia: Opt. Exp., 15 (2007) 660.
- Non-Special Proverbs 4 Yasuo Kokubun, Shigeru Yoneda, and Shinnosuke Matsuura: IEICE Trans. Electron. Vol. E81_C, No. 8 (1998) 1187.
- Non-Patent Document 5 H. Tanobe, Y. Kondo, H. Yasaka and Y. Yoshikuni: IEEE Photo. Technol. Lett. Vol. 8, No. 11, (1996) 1489.
- Non-Patent Document 6 Y. Inoue, A. Kaneko, F. Hanawa, H. Takahashi, K. Hattori and S. Sumida: Electron. Lett. Vol. 33, No. 23, (1997) 1945. Disclosure of the Invention
- a ring resonator type that is low voltage and low power consumption that can be driven under LSI operating conditions and is small is considered the most suitable.
- the operating principle of the ring resonator is as follows. Laser light (CW light) with a wavelength corresponding to the resonance wavelength of the ring resonator is incident on the ring resonator. When the incident wavelength matches the resonant wavelength, the incident light resonates in the ring waveguide. The amount of light emitted to the output side is very small. Next, the resonant wavelength is changed by applying an electrical signal to the refractive index control unit that controls the refractive index at the wavelength of the guided wave.
- the output light quantity increases because the resonance wavelength and the wavelength of the laser light do not match.
- the ring resonator performs a modulation operation.
- the modulation operation of the ring resonator becomes unstable.
- a modulator using a ring resonator has problems such as high cost, large size, and high power consumption.
- Non-Patent Document 4 the temperature coefficient of refractive index of core material and cladding material, dn Z d T, is reversed.
- the dn Z d T of the core material T i 0 2 -S i 0 2 is positive, and the dn Z d T of the PMMA—TFMA used as the cladding material is negative. In this way, a structure that compensates for changes in refractive index due to temperature is adopted.
- thermo-optic effect of the core material and the cladding material it is necessary to let the cladding ooze a lot of guided light in order to compensate for the temperature.
- a waveguide with a large amount of light leaking inevitably becomes a waveguide with weak light confinement, and the radiation loss increases as the ring diameter decreases.
- ring resonators are difficult to miniaturize and difficult to integrate, and the power required for modulation increases, making it impossible to increase the speed.
- a Mach-Zehnder waveguide optical filter that consists of two waveguides with different effective refractive index thermo-optic effects and different lengths.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Non-Patent Document 5
- this structure is effective in the Mach-Zehnder type, but not effective in the resonant type.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a resonant optical device whose characteristic variation due to temperature is small, in particular, a compact, low power consumption, high speed, and inexpensive optical device. . Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical integrated device including this optical device.
- an optical device having an optical waveguide having a resonance structure, wherein a first portion core layer constituting at least a part of the optical waveguide has a first direction along the light traveling direction. Connected to the core layer of the second part that is continuous with the part, the optical material constituting at least part of the core layer of the first part and the second part constituting at least part of the core layer of the second part.
- an optical device having a ring-shaped optical waveguide and an input / output optical waveguide and changing a resonance wavelength of the ring-shaped optical waveguide, wherein the refractive index at the wavelength of the waveguide is changed.
- the refractive index control unit to be controlled is provided in a part of the ring-shaped optical waveguide, and the refractive index control unit has a code different from the thermo-optic effect of the optical material used in the part of the ring-shaped optical waveguide other than the refractive index control unit.
- An optical device including an optical material having the following thermo-optic effect is provided.
- a method for manufacturing the above-described optical device wherein at least a part of the refractive index control unit includes a step of depositing an optical material by an aerosol deposition method.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring resonance type modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2A shows the TE base of the refractive index control part with the PLZT core part of the ring resonant modulator.
- FIG. 2B is a graph showing the electric field distribution in this width direction.
- FIG. 2B is a graph showing the electric field distribution in this mode.
- Figure 3 A is a graph showing the calculation results of the TE fundamental mode of the optical waveguide having a T i 0 2 core portion of the ring resonance type modulator
- FIG. 3 B is Darafu der showing the electric field distribution in the width direction
- Figure 4 shows the calculation results of the wavelength spectrum of the transmitted light amount of the ring resonance modulator.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a refractive index control unit of an optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a film forming apparatus used in an example according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the optical waveguide portion of the ring-shaped waveguide other than the refractive index control portion of the optical device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- An optical device includes a ring-shaped optical waveguide and an input / output optical waveguide, and is an optical device that changes a resonance wavelength of the ring-shaped optical waveguide.
- a refractive index controller for controlling is provided in a part of the ring-shaped optical waveguide.
- the thermo-optic effect of the optical material constituting the core portion of the refractive index control portion is the same as the thermo-optic effect of the optical material constituting the core portion other than the refractive index control portion. The sign is different.
- the refractive index control part and the core part of the other optical waveguide part are made of different materials, so that the characteristic fluctuation due to temperature is small, and low-power consumption and inexpensive optical modulator. Is realized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring resonance type modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ring resonance type modulator 10 includes an input / output optical waveguide 1 and an oval ring-shaped optical waveguide 2.
- the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 includes a refractive index control part 3 that is a part where the refractive index can be controlled, and an optical waveguide part 4 other than the refractive index control part 3.
- the input / output optical waveguide 1 has a first core portion 1 1 consisting of a core layer in the center and around it. A clad portion 14 is provided.
- the guided light is input from one end 1 1 a and output from the other end 1 1 b.
- a second core unit 12 composed of a core layer is provided, and a cladding unit 14 is provided around the second core unit 12.
- a third core portion 13 made of a core layer is provided at the center of the optical waveguide portion 4 other than the refractive index control portion 3, and the periphery thereof is also covered with the cladding portion 14.
- the temperature coefficient of the refractive index of the second core part 1 2 of the refractive index control unit 3 is the temperature of the third core part 13 of the optical waveguide part 4 other than the refractive index control part 3 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 It is opposite to the coefficient.
- the third core portion 13 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 is formed of the same material as that constituting the first core portion 11 of the input / output optical waveguide 1.
- the TE fundamental mode was calculated for each of the refractive index control section 3 and the optical waveguide section 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2.
- the second core portion 12 of the refractive index control unit 3 is an electrical-optical material PL ZT ((P b o. 95 L a o .. 5) (Z r 0. 3 T i 0. 7) 0 3), the third core portion 1 3 other than the refractive index control unit 3, titanium oxide T I_ ⁇ 2, cladding 14 surrounding the core portion 12 and 13 is set to S i 0 2.
- Table 1 shows the temperature dependence of the refractive index of each material used in the calculation.
- the temperature coefficient of refractive index of PLZT, dn / dT, is positive, dn / dT of T i 0 2 is negative, and the signs are different from each other.
- FIG. 2A and 2B show the calculation results of the electric field distribution in the TE basic mode of the refractive index control unit 3.
- FIG. The wavelength was 1550 nm.
- Figure 2A shows the electric field distribution when the PLZT core is a channel waveguide with a height of 300 nm and a width of 700 nm. Yes.
- FIG. 2B shows the electric field distribution in the width direction. As the effective refractive index n eff at this time, 1.7801-16 was obtained.
- FIG. 3A and 3B show the calculation results of the electric field distribution in the TE fundamental mode of the optical waveguide portion 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2.
- FIG. The wavelength was also 1550 nm.
- Figure 3 A is a T I_ ⁇ 2 cores, 400 nm height, the Kino electric field distribution and has a width 800 nm of the channel waveguide,
- FIG. 3 B denotes a field distribution in the width direction.
- the effective refractive index n eff at this time was 1.753276. Note that to reduce the P LZT core cross section than T i 0 2 core in terms of a single mode condition and the effective refractive RitsuSei case.
- the waveguide lengths in the P LZT section and the T i 0 2 section are 29.48 // m so that the temperature dependence is eliminated. 53. Adjusted to 34 / zm. The coupling ratio of the directional coupler was adjusted so that the resonance was the strongest (so-called critical coupling).
- Table 2 below shows the calculated results of assumed loss and transmittance. Calculation results of assumed loss and power transmission
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the calculation result of the wavelength spectrum of the transmitted light amount of the ring resonance modulator 10 of the present invention.
- the solid line 21 is the transmitted light spectrum when the voltage applied to the PLZT waveguide as the refractive index control unit 3 is 0V
- the broken line 22 is the transmitted light spectrum when 5 V is applied.
- the unit of transmitted light is dB.
- the refractive index at the waveguiding wavelength is controlled.
- the refractive index control unit 3 is provided in a part of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2, and the core unit of the refractive index control unit 3 constitutes the core portion of the optical waveguide unit 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide other than the refractive index control unit 3.
- the core portion of the refractive index control unit 3 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 is composed of the optical waveguide unit 4 other than the refractive index control unit 3 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2. It is made of an optical material having a different sign for the thermo-optic effect. It is desirable that the optical material used for the core of the refractive index control unit 3 has high refractive index variability due to voltage or the like and low thermo-optic effect. When operating characteristics such as the extinction ratio are emphasized, it is important that the refractive index variability is large. In this case, it is difficult to select a material that has a large refractive index modification and a sufficiently small thermo-optic effect.
- the effective length, refractive index and structure of the optical waveguide section 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 other than the refractive index control section 3 and the refractive index control section 3 are set to the resonance wavelength due to the temperature change. It is possible to make a relationship that compensates for fluctuations in As a result, it is possible to form an optical device with a small characteristic variation with temperature and a large extinction ratio.
- the ratio of the optical path length between the refractive index control unit 3 and the other optical waveguide unit 4 (refractive index control unit 3 Z other optical waveguide unit 4) has sufficient operating characteristics such as extinction ratio.
- the optical path length ratio between the refractive index control unit 3 and the other optical waveguide unit 4 is preferably I / O. It is more preferably 8 or less, and further preferably 11 or less.
- the waveguide part 4) has a different sign and its absolute value is preferably 1 to 10 or more and 10 or less, and 1 to 8 or more and 8 or less, in order to keep the special 1 ”raw fluctuation due to temperature sufficiently small. More preferably, it is 1Z7 or more and 7 or less.
- the core portion of the refractive index control unit 3 can be formed of an electro-optic material.
- an optical device such as an optical modulator with high speed and low power consumption can be formed.
- the electro-optic material include lead zirconate titanate or lead zirconate titanate to which lanthanum is added.
- the core part of the optical waveguide part 4 other than the refractive index control part 3 in the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 can be formed of a material selected from T i 0 2 and PbMo0 4 . Both materials have a negative refractive index temperature coefficient, dnZdT. Also, the refractive index control unit 3 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2, the other optical waveguide unit 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2, and the input / output waveguide A smaller difference in the refractive index of the core of 1 is desirable in terms of the characteristics of an optical device such as a modulator.
- the core part of the refractive index control unit 3 is formed of, for example, an electro-optic material having a refractive index of 2.2 to 2.5
- the core part of the optical waveguide part 4 of the ring-shaped waveguide 2 other than the refractive index control part 3 The refractive index should have a similar refractive index.
- an electrode for forming an electric field is provided in the ring-shaped optical waveguide 2 and an electric signal is applied to this electrode to operate as an optical modulator or optical switch for controlling light. be able to. As a result, it is possible to provide an optical modulator and an optical switch that can respond at high speed and can be reduced in size or power consumption.
- an optical integrated device having the above-described optical device (first optical device) and another optical device (second optical device) on the same substrate can be provided.
- second optical device any one of a laser, an electric light converter, a photoelectric converter, an optical amplifier, an optical switch, and an optical filter can be applied.
- a silicon substrate can be used as the substrate.
- an optical integrated device having the optical device and the electronic circuit on the same substrate can be provided.
- a silicon substrate can be used as this substrate.
- the optical material constituting the core portion of the refractive index control unit 3 can be deposited by the aerosol deposition method.
- a characteristic variation due to temperature is small, and an optical device such as an optical modulator driven at a low voltage, and an optical device including this optical device.
- An integrated device can be realized.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the refractive index control unit 3 of the optical device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- an inverted ridge structure is adopted as the waveguide structure.
- the schematic plan view of this optical device is the same as in Fig. 1.
- the ratio of the optical path length between the refractive index control unit 3 and the other optical waveguide unit 4 of the ring-shaped optical waveguide was set to 3: 5.
- the circumference of the ring-shaped waveguide 2 is 800 / zm.
- An Si 2 O layer 32 was formed on the silicon substrate 31, and a Ti layer 33, an Au layer 34, and a Ti layer 35 were formed as a metal lower electrode by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- an ITO layer was formed as a lower transparent electrode layer 36 by DC magnetron sputtering (sputter gas: Ar gas).
- an SrTi 0 3 layer was formed as the cladding layer 141. Then, the S r T I_ ⁇ three layers (cladding layer 141) was etched by ion milling method.
- a concave structure was formed, and a core layer (core portion 12) was formed by an aerosol deposition method so as to embed the concave structure.
- a specific film forming method will be described later.
- surface polishing was performed to flatten the core layer.
- a S r T i 0 3 was formed with a film thickness as an upper cladding layer 142, followed by forming the I TO layer as an upper portion transparent electrode layer 38. Thereafter, a single layer 39 and an Au layer 41 were formed as metal upper electrodes.
- the formation method of the upper cladding layer 142, the upper transparent electrode layer 38, and the metal upper electrodes 39 and 41 is the same as the formation method of the lower side structure.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the film forming apparatus 50 used in this example.
- a gas cylinder 51 containing oxygen gas is connected to a glass bottle 52 through a transfer pipe.
- the powder raw material 53 is placed in the glass bottle 52, and the inside of the glass bottle 52 is evacuated to a vacuum of about 2 OTorr (2.67 k Pa) through the exhaust pipe 54, and then oxygen is controlled as a carrier gas to control its flow rate. While introducing.
- the glass bottle 52 is vibrated by the vibrator 55 to generate aerosol in which fine particles of the raw material powder are dispersed in the gas, and the carrier gas is transported to the film forming chamber 57 through the transport pipe 56.
- the film forming chamber 57 is evacuated by a vacuum pump 58 to a predetermined degree of vacuum.
- a thin film is formed by spraying powder from nozzle 59 onto substrate 20. To do.
- the film forming conditions are as follows.
- the carrier gas is oxygen, and the discharge from the nozzle
- the incident angle of (powder) on the substrate surface is 30 degrees
- the gas flow rate is 121 minutes
- the deposition rate is 0. S jumZ
- the vibration frequency of the vibrator 55 is 166 rpm.
- the substrate 20 a silicon substrate before core formation was used.
- the composition of P L Z T is
- the two-type powder is a ferroelectric composition having a perovskite crystal structure, and is suitable for an optical device having a first-order large electro-optic coefficient.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the optical waveguide section 4 of the ring-shaped waveguide 2 other than the refractive index control section 3 of the optical device of this example.
- the material of the core is different from that of the refractive index control unit 3 shown in FIG. 5 described above, and no electrode is provided.
- the parts having the same names as those described in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. After the S i 0 2 layer 32 was formed on the silicon substrate 31, the S i 0 2 layer 371 was formed.
- an SrTi 0 3 layer was formed as the cladding layer 141.
- the first core layer 121 was formed T i 0 2 layers.
- the S r T i 0 3 layer (cladding layer 141) and the T i 0 2 layer (first core layer 121) were etched by ion milling.
- a second core layer was formed T i 0 2 layers 1 22. To form the S r T i O 3 as the upper cladding layer 1 42 thereon.
- the S i O 2 layer 32, the clad layer 141, and the upper clad layer 142 are formed simultaneously on the same silicon substrate 31, and other layers such as an electrode layer are formed by masking the region of one structure. Was made against.
- CW light with a wavelength of 1.55 / m is input to the ring modulator fabricated as described above.
- modulation was performed at 3 Vpp with a bias voltage of 3.5 V applied, modulation up to a high frequency of 10 GHz was possible.
- the extinction ratio at that time was 4 dB.
- the temperature of the fabricated ring modulator was heated to 60 ° C and the same measurement was performed.
- modulation was performed at 3 Vpp with 3 V applied as the bias voltage, modulation up to a high frequency of 1 OGHz was observed. It was possible.
- the extinction ratio at that time was 3.5 dB.
- PL ZT was used as the core material of the refractive index control unit, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- An electro-optic material can be used.
- the core material of the other portions of the ring waveguide other T i 0 2, can be used a material for an optical waveguide path formed such PbMo0 4.
- the air sol deposition method for film formation of the electro-optic material of the refractive index control unit different types of lasers, electro-optic converters, opto-electric converters, optical amplifiers, optical waveguides, optical filters, etc. It becomes easy to manufacture the optical element according to the present invention on a substrate on which an optical element is formed in advance or on a substrate on which an integrated circuit composed of electronic elements such as a CPU and a memory is formed in advance. .
- Such a manufacturing method can be applied to the production of various optical integrated devices including the optical device according to the present invention and other devices or integrated circuits.
- the optical device according to the present invention is applied to an optical device used for optical communication, optical wiring, optical storage, and the like, an optical integrated device including the optical device, and a manufacturing method thereof.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/920,449 US8515225B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-03 | Optical device, method for manufacturing the same and optical integrated device using the same |
JP2010502795A JPWO2009113469A1 (ja) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-03 | 光デバイス、その製造方法とそれを用いた光集積デバイス |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2011102251A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光デバイス、光集積デバイス、および光デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2011108617A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | 日本電気株式会社 | アサーマル光導波素子 |
JP2013200492A (ja) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Toshiba Corp | アサーマル・リング光変調器 |
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WO2013009946A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Chip integrated single photon generation by active time multiplexing |
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WO2013112351A2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and methods for telecommunication using high-dimensional temporal quantum key distribution |
WO2014088669A2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-06-12 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and methods for scalable readouts for photon detectors using integrated modulators and wavelength-division multiplexing |
US9207399B2 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2015-12-08 | Aurrion, Inc. | Athermal optical filter with active tuning and simplified control |
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JPWO2009113469A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
US20110002578A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
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