Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/16—Ginkgophyta, e.g. Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
  • A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
  • A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
  • A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
  • A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a Ginkgo biloba extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants.
• the present invention also relates to a Ginkgo biloba extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants, obtainable by the method of the present application, and its use particularly in the therapeutic field.
• Ginkgo biloba extracts Due to their proven vasodilator, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, Ginkgo biloba extracts have been used for many years for therapeutic purposes and in particular for the treatment of peripheral or cerebral circulatory disorders, dementia or syndromes. dementia.
• POPs persistent organic pollutants
• POPs are organic compounds that resist natural biological degradation (persistence in the environment); they also present the risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment and an ability to accumulate in the tissues of living organisms (bioaccumulation in the food chain). Due to their persistence and bioaccumulation properties, POPs can be found far from their emission sites, transported by sea or atmospheric currents. Owing to their ownership and to prevent any risk, it is desirable that the POP levels be as low as possible.
• persistent organic pollutants POPs
• PAHs or PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls
• PCDDs polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
• PCDDs polychlorinated dibenzofurans
• PCDD / Fs examples include 2,3,7,8-tetraDCF ("CDF" chlorodibenzofuran), 1,2,3,7,8-PentaCDF, 2,3,4,7 8-PentaCDF,
• PCBs include PCB 77, PCB 81, PCB 105, PCB 114, PCB 118, PCB 123, PCB 126, PCB 156, PCB 157, PCB 167, PCB 169 and PCB 189.
• EP 431535 discloses a Ginkgo biloba extract process whose essential purpose is to obtain an extract with a reduced rate of ginkgolic acids (rate less than 10 ppm and preferably 1 ppm).
• Application WO 2006/117170 proposes to improve the process for the preparation of patent EP 431535 so that the final extract thus obtained has an even lower rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
• PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• the present invention therefore relates to a process for obtaining a Ginkgo biloba leaf extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants, said process comprising the following steps:
• ammonium sulfate is added to the remaining aqueous solution and the formed solution is extracted with methyl ethyl ketone or a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and acetone,
• the extract obtained is concentrated to a solids content of 50 to 70% and the resulting concentrate is diluted with water and ethanol so as to obtain a solution which contains 50% by weight of water and 50% by weight of ethanol with a solids content of 10% by weight,
• the filtrate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure at a temperature between 60 to 80 ° C until a solids content with a water content of less than 5% is obtained,
• said method comprises a further step of passing one of the organic phases obtained at one of the steps d, i or k onto an adsorbent which is made of activated carbon having a specific surface area greater than or equal to 1000 m / g.
• adsorbent as defined by the present application allows the removal of undesirable compounds such as POPs while maintaining the level of active components such as flavones and trilactone terpenes (ginkgolides and bilobalide).
• Ginkgo biloba extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants is meant any extract of ginkgo biloba containing a very low level of persistent organic pollutants and preferably such that:
• the level of each PAH is less than 5 ⁇ g / kg, and preferably 1 ⁇ g / kg, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ g / kg and very preferably less than the LOQ, and or
• the TEQ (PCDD / PCDF-PCB) is less than 10 ⁇ g / g, preferably 1.5 ⁇ g / g, and very preferably at 1.0 ⁇ g / g.
• the above process is characterized in that in step (b) the organic solvent is separated to a maximum content of 5% by weight, in step (c) the aqueous solution is diluted with water.
• step (d) the ammonium sulfate is added to the solution to give a content 30% by weight and the solution formed is extracted with the solvent in a ratio of 9/1 to 4/6, preferably 6/4, and in step (f) of lead acetate, basic lead acetate or lead nitrate or aqueous lead hydroxide solution is used.
• step (a) is characterized in that, in step (a),
• the leaves of Ginkgo biloba are extracted at a temperature of between approximately 50 and 65 ° C., with the extraction solvent being aqueous acetone with a ratio by weight of acetone / water of between 50/50 and 65.degree. And a solids to solvent ratio of 1/6 to 1/20; with aqueous ethanol,
• the extraction solvent used is aqueous acetone with a weight ratio acetone / water of 60/40 approximately.
• step (b) is characterized in that, in step (b),
• the organic solvent of the extract is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to a maximum level of solvent remaining less than 5% and until a solid content of about 15 to 30%.
• step (c) is characterized in that, in step (c),
• the remaining concentrated aqueous solution is diluted with water to obtain a solid content of about 10 to 20% by weight and a maximum level of solvent remaining less than 5%, then allowed to cool with stirring at a temperature of about 4-12 ° C for at least one hour.
• step (d) is characterized in that, in step (d),
• the remaining aqueous solution is extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone / acetone mixture with a weight ratio of about 6/4, in the presence of 30 to 40%, and preferably 35%, by weight relative to the volume of the aqueous solution, of sulfate ammonium, and then, after phase separation, recovering the organic phase.
• step (f) is characterized in that, in step (f),
• an aqueous solution of basic lead acetate (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Pb 2 Pb (OH) 2 [CAS # 1335-32-6] at a concentration of about 15 to 20% is added to the solution as well as obtained in the previous step (e), with a ratio (amount of Pb / solid content) between 0.15 and 0.30, and very preferably between 0.18 and 0.25.
• step (g) the above process is characterized in that in step (g) the remaining aqueous alcoholic solution is extracted with heptane.
• the above process is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists in passing over an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step d.
• the above method is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists in passing on an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step i.
• the above method is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists in passing on an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step k.
• the present invention also relates to a process for obtaining a Ginkgo biloba leaf extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants, said process comprising the following steps: (aa) extracting dry Ginkgo biloba leaves at a temperature between about 40 and 100 ° C, with an extraction solvent selected from: aqueous acetone or a lower alcohol of 3 aqueous carbon atoms;
• the remaining concentrated aqueous solution is diluted with water until a solid content of about 5 to 25% by weight is obtained and a maximum level of solvent remaining below 5%, then allowed to cool under stirring at a temperature below 25 ° C for at least one hour and the precipitate thus formed, consisting of lipophilic compounds, is removed;
• the resulting concentrate is diluted with aqueous ethanol and water such that the final solution contains about 50% by weight of water and 50% by weight of ethanol and a solid content of the order of 10-12%;
• step (fa) an aqueous solution of lead salts is added to the solution thus obtained in step (e), with a ratio (amount of Pb / solid content) of between 0.15 and 0.3, and the precipitate of lead thus formed is removed;
• the above method is characterized in that, in step (aa),
• the extraction of dry leaves of Ginkgo biloba takes place at a temperature of between approximately 50-65 ° C., with the extraction solvent being aqueous acetone with a ratio by weight of acetone / water of between 50/50 and 65/50. And a ratio (dry leaves / solvent) of between 1/6 and 1/20, ie aqueous ethanol,
• the extraction solvent used is aqueous acetone with a weight ratio acetone / water of 60/40 approximately.
• step (ba) is characterized in that, in step (ba),
• the removal of the organic solvent from the extract is carried out by evaporation under reduced pressure until a maximum level of solvent remains below 5% and until a solid content of about 15 to 30% is obtained.
• the above method is characterized in that, in step (ca), The remaining concentrated aqueous solution is diluted with water until a solid content of about 10 to 20% by weight is obtained and then allowed to cool with stirring at a temperature of 4-12 ° C.
• step (da) is characterized in that, in step (da),
• the remaining aqueous solution is extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone / acetone mixture with a weight ratio of between 5/5 and 7/3, preferably about 6/4, in the presence of ammonium sulfate with a content of 30 to 40%, and preferably 35%, by weight relative to the volume of the aqueous solution.
• step (fa) is characterized in that, in step (fa),
• the lead salt is selected from lead acetate, lead hydroxide and basic lead acetate.
• step (fa) is characterized in that, in step (fa),
• the ratio (Pb / solid content) is between 0.18 and 0.25.
• step (fa) is characterized in that, in step (fa),
• step (ea) an aqueous solution of basic lead acetate (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Pb 2 Pb (OH) 2 [CAS # 1335-32-6] at a concentration of the order of 15 to 20%, is added to the solution obtained in step (ea), with a ratio (amount of Pb / solid content) of between 0.18 and 0.25.
• a ratio (amount of Pb / solid content) of between 0.18 and 0.25.
• step (ha) is characterized in that, in step (ha),
• the solution obtained is extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone and ethanol mixture with a ratio of about 6/4 by weight, in the presence of 30 to 40%, and preferably 35% by weight relative to the volume of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate.
• the above method is characterized in that, in step (ja), ethanol and water are added until an ethanol content of about 78 to 90%, and preferably 78 to 80%, is obtained.
• the above method is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists in passing on an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step da.
• the above method is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists of passing over an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step ia.
• the above method is characterized in that it comprises an additional step which consists of passing over an adsorbent the organic phase obtained in step j a.
• the above methods are characterized in that the adsorbent comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
• the above methods are characterized in that the adsorbent comprises at least two of the following characteristics:
• the above processes are characterized in that the adsorbent is activated carbon, without functional group, in spherical (or bead) form, with a minimum specific surface greater than or equal to 1100 m 2 / boy Wut. Also very preferentially, the above processes are characterized in that the adsorbent has a particle size of between 0.2 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.3 and 0.9 mm.
• the above processes are characterized in that the adsorbent is active carbon, without functional group, in spherical (or bead) form with a diameter of between 0.4 and 0.8 mm, with a minimum specific surface area greater than or equal to 1200 m 2 / g with pore diameters of approximately 8 nm and pore volumes of approximately 0.15 cm 3 / g.
• the adsorbent may be spherical (or in the form of a ball); it therefore has a regular shape.
• this spherical shape (or "bead") differs from granular adsorbents ("granular”), with a surface and / or an irregular shape, or adsorbents in cylindrical form (“pellet” or “rod”) obtained by extrusion.
• the adsorbent according to the present invention is activated carbon.
• Activated carbon is natural or synthetic depending on the nature of the starting material used to prepare it.
• Activated charcoal of natural origin can be produced from any natural organic material rich in carbon such as wood, bark, coconut husks, olive stones or petroleum residues.
• the active carbon of synthetic origin can be produced from any carbon-rich synthetic organic material such as styrene, which is subjected to pyrolysis under controlled conditions, preferably in an inert atmosphere such as under nitrogen, and at elevated temperature.
• Active carbon in spherical form can be prepared from preformed balls of the starting material.
• synthetic activated carbon in spherical form can be prepared from preformed balls of the starting material.
• the activated carbon used according to the present invention is a synthetic active carbon.
• the present invention also relates to a Ginkgo biloba extract substantially free of persistent organic pollutants and obtainable by one of the methods as described above.
• the extract as defined above, substantially free of persistent organic pollutants comprises
• the extract as defined above, substantially free of persistent organic pollutants comprises
• the extracts as defined above comprise a level of persistent organic pollutants such as .
• the level of each PAH is less than 5 ⁇ g / kg, preferably 1 ⁇ g / kg and very preferably 0.5 ⁇ g / kg, and / or
• the TEQ (PCDD / PCDF-PCB) is less than 10 ⁇ g / g, preferably 1.5 ⁇ g / g;
• the rate of each PAH is below the limit of quantification (LOQ), and / or
• the TEQ (PCDD / PCDF-PCB) is less than 1.0 pg / g.
• a Ginkgo biloba extract according to the present invention can be used as an active ingredient of therapeutic composition or as a food additive.
• the compositions based on such an extract may be in the form of powders, granules, tablets or capsules.
• the present invention also relates to the use of an extract as defined above for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of peripheral or cerebral circulatory disorders, dementia or syndromes of dementia.
• the present invention also relates to a therapeutic composition containing, as active ingredient, an extract as defined above, in combination with therapeutically acceptable excipients.
• the ratios and percentages referred to in this application are weight / weight ratios and percentages by weight.
• the operating temperatures of the different process steps are lower than the boiling temperatures of the organic solvents used, and preferably at least 5 ° C below the boiling point.
• the organic solvent is removed by evaporation to a solid content of about 35%.
• the remaining concentrated aqueous solution is diluted by half with water until a solid content of about 17% by weight is obtained, and then allowed to cool with stirring at a temperature of about 10-12 ° C. at least one hour and the precipitate thus formed is removed.
• aqueous solution is extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone / acetone mixture (6/4 by weight) in the presence of 35% (by weight) of ammonium sulphate and, after phase separation, again extracted with a methyl mixture.
• ethyl ketone / acetone (6/4 by weight) before being concentrated to a solid content of 50 to 60% by weight.
• the resulting concentrate is diluted with water and ethanol to a ratio by weight (solid content / ethanol / water) of (10/45/45).
• the aqueous ethanolic supernatant recovered is extracted three times with liieptane, each time 1/3 of the total volume, in order to remove the alkylphenol-type compounds and the remaining alcoholic aqueous solution is concentrated under reduced pressure to an ethanol content. less than 5% by weight.
• the remaining aqueous solution is extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone / ethanol mixture (6/4 by weight) in the presence of 35% (by weight) of ammonium sulphate, then, after phase separation, again extracted with a methyl ethyl ketone / acetone mixture (6/4 by weight); the organic phases are combined and passed through Lewatit AF5 activated carbon column (10 g).
• Ginkgo biloba standardized extract solutions (EGb761®) are prepared in three different solvents and deliberately contaminated with POPs.
• Solution No. 1 120 g of dry extract in 1440 ml of a methyl ethyl ketone / ethanol mixture (6/4 by weight) and containing 22% by weight of water; the solution thus obtained is divided into 2 equal volumes.
• Solution No. 2 60 g of dry extract in 720 ml of a methyl ethyl ketone / acetone mixture (6/4 by weight) and containing 20% by weight of water;
• Solution No. 3 60 g of dry extract in 720 ml of aqueous ethanol (88% by weight).
• the contaminants used are: benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, triphenylene [a], benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k / d) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, indeno (1,2), 3-cd) pyrene, dibenz (ah) anthracene, benzo (ghi) perylene, dibenzo (a1) -pyrene, dibenzo- (a1) -pyrene, dibenzo- (ah) -pyrene, dibenzo- (ae) -pyrene, cyclopenta (cd) pyrene and 5-methylchrysene.
• Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
• the contaminants used are: 2,3,7,8-TetraCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PentaCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PentaCDF, 1,2 , 3,4,7,8-HexaCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HexaCDF, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HexaCDF, 2,3,4,6,7,8 -HexaCDF,
• PCB 77 PCB 81, PCB 105, PCB 114, PCB 118, PCB 123, PCB 126, PCB 156, PCB 157, PCB 167, PCB 169 and PCB 189.
• the results are: collected in Table 3.
• the contaminated solutions are passed on the Lewatit AF5® adsorbent (synthetic active carbon without functional group, in spherical form, with a minimum specific surface area of 1200 m 2 / g, and at least 90% of the particles have a size between 0 , 4 and 0.8 mm, and hereinafter referred to as "AF5"): the solutions are passed 3 times on a column (internal diameter 1 cm, bed height 20 cm) containing 10 g of AF5. The ratio by weight between the dry extract and the adsorbent used is approximately 6 to 1.
• ⁇ 0.5 means that the indicated limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.5 and the concentration found is below this limit.
• ND means Not Determined because none of the corresponding congeners is above the LOQ.
• TEQ excl.LOQ [a] TEQ value calculated by including only the quantized congeners.
• TEQ incl.LOQ [b] value of the TEQ calculated by including the quantized congeners taking the values of their LOQ.
• Examples 3a and 3b below illustrate the use of other adsorbents and / or solvents than those used in the preceding examples.
• the ratio by weight between the dry extract and the adsorbent used is approximately 6 to 1.
• Example 3a Use of a synthetic resin
• a synthetic resin is used with solution No. 2 as defined in Example 2 above.
• This resin is the following: Lewatit® VP OC 1163 resin, without functional group, based on crosslinked polystyrenes, in spherical form, with a specific surface area greater than 1300 m 2 / g, with a particle size of between 0.45 and 0.55 mm.
• the activated carbon used is identical to that of Example 2 (Lewatit AF5®) with a solution No. 4.
• Solution No. 4 120 g of dry extract in 1440 ml of n-butanol and containing 20% by weight of water; the solution thus obtained is filtered, the POPs are added to the filtrate and the total volume is divided into 2 equal volumes, one of which is used as a control and the other is passed on the Lewatit AF5® adsorbent.
• the solvents used in Example 2 namely methyl-ethyl-ketone, ethanol, acetone, water or mixtures thereof, have a polarity index (or PI (Polarity Index), see Modem Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Roger E. Schimer, Volume II, page 305 with a reference value of 9 for the water polarity index) of between 5 and 6.
• PI Polyity Index
• n-Butanol is less polar with a polarity index of 4.8 , that is, outside the range 5-6.
• the polarity index of a mixture can be calculated as the sum of the products of the volume fractions and the polarity indices of each solvent which constitutes the mixture.
• the polarity index of the mixture is therefore V A I A + V B I B -

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• 2008
  • 2008-02-06 FR FR0800625A patent/FR2926994B1/fr active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-02-06 EP EP09720028.1A patent/EP2249847B1/fr not_active Revoked
  • 2009-02-06 WO PCT/FR2009/000137 patent/WO2009112709A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2009-02-06 JP JP2010545526A patent/JP5710271B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-02-06 ES ES09720028.1T patent/ES2632507T3/es active Active
  • 2009-02-06 EA EA201070924A patent/EA022346B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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