WO2009087790A1 - 固形燃料の製造装置および製造方法 - Google Patents
固形燃料の製造装置および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009087790A1 WO2009087790A1 PCT/JP2008/065082 JP2008065082W WO2009087790A1 WO 2009087790 A1 WO2009087790 A1 WO 2009087790A1 JP 2008065082 W JP2008065082 W JP 2008065082W WO 2009087790 A1 WO2009087790 A1 WO 2009087790A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel production apparatus and production method using porous coal as a raw material.
- Porous coal (raw coal) is pulverized in the pulverization step and then mixed with mixed oil containing heavy oil and solvent oil in the mixing step to obtain a raw material slurry.
- the raw slurry is preheated and then heated in an evaporation step to advance dehydration of the porous coal and impregnate the mixed oil into the pores of the porous coal to obtain a dehydrated slurry.
- the modified porous coal and the mixed oil are separated from the dehydrated slurry in the solid-liquid separation step, and then the modified porous coal is dried in the final drying step.
- the dried modified porous coal is cooled and shaped as desired to obtain a solid fuel.
- the mixed oil recovered in the solid-liquid separation process and the final drying process is circulated and conveyed to the mixing process for obtaining the raw slurry, and is reused as the circulating oil.
- FIG. 4 An example of a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus employing such a method is shown in FIG. 4 (Patent Document 1).
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 includes a mixing tank 101 that mixes a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil with porous charcoal to form a raw material slurry, an evaporator 102 that performs a water evaporation process on the raw material slurry, and a water evaporation A solid-liquid separator 103 for solid-liquid separation of the treated dehydrated slurry.
- the mixing tank 101 has slurry circulation channels 111 and 113 for introducing the raw material slurry from the lower part thereof to the upper part of the mixing tank 101 via the slurry pump 112.
- the evaporator 102 has slurry circulation channels 121 and 123 to 124 through which slurry is introduced into the upper part of the evaporator 102 via a slurry pump 122 from the lower part. Between the mixing tank 101 and the evaporator 102, there is a raw material slurry supply channel 114.
- the raw slurry supply channel 114 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 111 and 113.
- mixed oil containing heavy oil and solvent oil and porous charcoal are mixed to make a raw material slurry.
- This raw material slurry is introduced from the lower part of the mixing tank 101 through the slurry circulation passages 111 and 113 to the upper part of the mixing tank 101 via the slurry pump 112 and circulated.
- the raw material slurry is circulated and enters the slurry circulation channels 123 to 124 of the evaporator 102 through the raw material slurry supply channel 114 branched from the slurry circulation channels 111 and 113, and enters the evaporator 102 through this. .
- the raw slurry is heated by the heat exchangers 110a and 115a (preheating step), further heated by the heat exchanger 120, and enters the evaporator 102 (evaporation step).
- the evaporator 102 water evaporation of the raw slurry is performed.
- the dehydrated slurry obtained by the water evaporation process enters the solid-liquid separator 103 through the dehydrated slurry supply flow path 125 branched from the slurry circulation flow paths 121 and 123 to 124, and is separated into solid and liquid. (Modified porous charcoal) and liquid (mixed oil) are obtained.
- this solid content the oil content remaining in the solid content is recovered in a final drying section (not shown), and the solid content can be used as a powdered solid fuel.
- the collected mixed oil is returned to the mixing tank 101 by the circulation means 104.
- the heat exchanger is provided with a number of pipes through which the slurry passes, and the slurry in each pipe is heated by a heating medium such as steam.
- a heating medium such as steam.
- the heat exchangers 110a and 115a The flow stopped and the coal in the slurry settled, and separation of the lower coal (RC) and the upper mixed oil (MO) occurred as shown in FIG. 5 (B). Since the coal that has settled in the lower part accumulates tightly, it is necessary to flow high-pressure gas or slurry and apply pressure to the closed piping in order to flow the slurry again.
- Patent Document 2 reports a technique in which heat exchangers 110b and 115b are provided in the slurry circulation passages 111 and 113 of the mixing tank 101 as shown in FIG. 6 instead of the heat exchangers 110a and 115a in FIG. Yes.
- the piping is not clogged due to coal sedimentation.
- the slurry is heated by the heat exchanger, and the particle size of the pulverized coal contained in the slurry is about several mm at the maximum.
- SUS304 which is resistant to wear, is used as the material for the piping of the vessel. Therefore, there was a problem in manufacturing cost.
- the present invention provides a heat exchanger and a raw coal supply means even when the supply of raw coal (RC) or mixed oil (MO) or the supply of slurry to the next step is stopped due to troubles occurring after the evaporation step.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel production device and a production method that prevent clogging of the fuel.
- the present invention A mixing tank in which porous charcoal is mixed with a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil to obtain a raw slurry; An evaporator that obtains a dehydrated slurry by subjecting the raw slurry to moisture evaporation treatment by heating; A solid-liquid separator for separating the modified porous charcoal and the mixed oil from the dehydrated slurry; and a solid fuel production apparatus having a circulating means for returning the mixed oil separated and recovered by the solid-liquid separator to the mixing tank.
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel production apparatus having a mixed oil heating heat exchanger for heating mixed oil returned to a mixing tank by a circulation means.
- the present invention also provides A mixing step of mixing the porous charcoal with a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil to obtain a raw slurry; An evaporation step of obtaining a dehydrated slurry by subjecting the raw material slurry to a water evaporation treatment by heating; A solid-liquid separation step of separating the modified porous charcoal and the mixed oil from the dehydrated slurry; and a method of producing a solid fuel comprising a circulation step of returning the mixed oil separated and recovered in the solid-liquid separation step to the mixing tank ,
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a solid fuel, which includes a mixed oil heating step of heating a mixed oil returned to a mixing tank by a circulation step.
- FIG. 1 A solid fuel production apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the apparatus of this embodiment is A mixing tank 1 in which porous coal is mixed with a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil to obtain a raw slurry;
- An evaporator 2 which obtains a dehydrated slurry by heating the raw material slurry to heat;
- a solid-liquid separator 3 for separating the modified porous charcoal and the mixed oil from the dewatered slurry; and a circulating means 4 for returning the mixed oil separated and recovered by the solid-liquid separator to the mixing tank
- a mixed oil heating heat exchanger 5 for heating the mixed oil returned to the mixing tank by the circulation means.
- the mixing tank 1 has slurry circulation channels 11 and 13 for introducing the raw material slurry from the lower part thereof to the upper part of the mixing tank 1 via the slurry pump 12.
- the evaporator 2 has upstream slurry circulation passages 21 and 23 to 24 for introducing slurry from the lower part of the evaporator to the upper part of the evaporator 2 via the slurry pump 22 on the upstream side.
- the evaporator 2 also has downstream slurry circulation passages 26 and 28 to 29 for introducing slurry from the lower part of the evaporator to the upper part of the evaporator 2 via the slurry pump 27 on the downstream side thereof.
- the raw slurry supply channel 14 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 11 and 13. Between the evaporator 2 and the solid-liquid separator 3, there is a dehydrated slurry supply channel 41. The dehydrated slurry supply channel 41 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 26 and 28-29. Between the solid-liquid separator 3 and the mixing tank 1, there is a mixed oil circulation passage 45 for returning the mixed oil separated by the solid-liquid separator 3 to the mixing tank 1.
- the heat exchanger 5 for heating the mixed oil is provided in the mixed oil circulation passage 45 together with the circulation means 4.
- the heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferable to use water vapor generated in the evaporator 2.
- the preheat of the raw material slurry is achieved by providing the heat exchanger 5 in the mixed oil circulation channel 45 and heating the mixed oil. Therefore, the heat exchanger for heating the slurry is installed in the slurry circulation channels 11 and 13. Can be omitted. Therefore, when the supply of raw coal (RC) or mixed oil (MO) and the supply of slurry to the next process are stopped, the raw material slurry may be excessively circulated even if it is circulated in the slurry circulation passages 11 and 13.
- the heat exchanger 5 is not a slurry but a mixed oil separated as a liquid component (circulated oil) by a solid-liquid separator, and pulverized coal having a particle size of about 10 ⁇ m or less is usually 10% by weight.
- the sedimentation rate of pulverized coal is significantly slower than that of coal in the slurry. Therefore, even if the supply (circulation) of the mixed oil (MO) is stopped, the heat exchanger 5 itself can be effectively prevented from being blocked. Moreover, since the mixed oil containing the pulverized coal having a small particle diameter as described above is heated by the heat exchanger 5, not only expensive materials such as SUS304 but also carbon is used as the material of the heat exchanger. Inexpensive materials such as steel can also be used.
- the heat exchanger 5 not only a relatively large heat exchanger such as a multi-tube type but also a relatively small heat exchanger such as a plate type and a spiral type can be used. This is because the coal contained in the mixed oil is pulverized coal and has a significantly low sedimentation rate.
- the heating temperature of the mixed oil achieved by the heat exchanger 5 is not particularly limited as long as the raw slurry temperature in the mixing tank 1 does not exceed 100 ° C., and the raw slurry temperature in the mixing tank 1 is usually 70. Set to ⁇ 80 ° C.
- porous charcoal is mixed with mixed oil containing heavy oil and solvent oil to make a raw material slurry (mixing step). Since the mixed oil is heated by the heat exchanger 5, the raw slurry has already been appropriately preheated in the mixing tank.
- the raw slurry is introduced from the lower part of the mixing tank 1 through the slurry circulation passages 11 and 13 to the upper part of the mixing tank 1 via the slurry pump 12 and circulated. In particular, when the raw material slurry is circulated at the time of trouble occurrence, the flow of the slurry can be effectively maintained, and the clogging of equipment and piping can be prevented.
- Porous coal is a so-called low-grade coal that contains a large amount of water and is desired to be dehydrated. For example, it contains 30 to 70% by weight of water.
- porous coal include lignite, lignite, subbituminous coal, and the like.
- lignite coal includes Victoria coal, North Dakota coal, Belga coal, etc.
- subbituminous coal includes West Banco coal, Binungan coal, Samarangau coal, Ecocoal coal, and the like.
- the porous coal is not limited to those exemplified above, and any porous coal containing a large amount of water and desired to be dehydrated is included in the porous coal according to the present invention.
- the porous charcoal is usually pulverized in advance.
- the particle diameter of the porous charcoal is not particularly limited, and for example, the average particle diameter may be about several mm, particularly about 0.05 to 3 mm.
- the heavy oil component is a heavy component that does not substantially exhibit a vapor pressure even at 400 ° C., such as a vacuum residue oil, or an oil containing a large amount thereof. Therefore, if only heavy oil is used and it is attempted to heat it until it becomes fluid enough to enter the pores of the porous coal, the porous coal itself undergoes thermal decomposition. Further, as described above, the heavy oil used in the present invention hardly exhibits a vapor pressure. Therefore, it is impossible to vaporize the heavy oil and deposit it on a carrier gas. As a result, not only a heavy oil component is highly viscous and it is difficult to obtain a good slurry, but also has little volatility, so that the penetration into the pores is low. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with any solvent or dispersant.
- the heavy oil is dissolved in the solvent oil to improve the impregnation workability and slurry forming property before use.
- a solvent oil for dispersing the heavy oil a light boiling oil is preferred from the viewpoint of affinity with the heavy oil, handling as a slurry, ease of penetration into the pores, etc.
- petroleum oil oil having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
- the heavy oil-containing mixed oil as described above is (i) originally obtained as a mixed oil containing both heavy oil and solvent oil, or (b) obtained by mixing heavy oil and solvent oil. Any of the above can be used.
- the former (b) includes, for example, petroleum-based heavy oils; petroleum-based light oil fractions that have not been refined and contain heavy oil components, kerosene fractions, lubricating oil components; coal tar; Light oil or kerosene that contains impurities of quality oil; heat transfer oil that contains fractions that have deteriorated due to repeated use are used.
- the latter (b) for example, petroleum asphalt, natural asphalt, coal-based heavy oil, petroleum-based or coal-based distillation residue, or a mixture containing many of these is mixed with petroleum-based light oil, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
- Petroleum asphalt, natural asphalt, coal-based heavy oil, petroleum-based or coal-based distillation residue, or a mixture containing many of these is mixed with petroleum-based light oil, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
- Asphalts are particularly suitable because they are inexpensive per se and are difficult to leave once attached to the active site.
- the content of heavy oil in the mixed oil is usually in the range of 0.25 to 15% by weight with respect to the total amount of the mixed oil.
- the mixing ratio of the mixed oil with respect to the porous charcoal is not particularly limited. Usually, the mixing ratio of the heavy oil to the porous charcoal is 0.5 to 30% by weight with respect to the anhydrous charcoal, particularly 0.5%. A range of ⁇ 5% is reasonable. If the mixing ratio of the heavy oil is too small, the amount of adsorption into the pores becomes insufficient, and the effect of suppressing spontaneous ignition is weakened. If the mixing ratio of heavy oil is too large, the cost of oil becomes a burden and the economy is reduced.
- the mixing conditions are not particularly limited, and usually, raw material slurry is obtained by mixing at 40 to 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure.
- the raw material slurry is circulated in the slurry circulation channels 11 and 13 and enters the upstream slurry circulation channels 23 to 24 of the evaporator 2 through the raw material slurry supply channel 14 branched from the slurry circulation channel. Through this, it enters the evaporator 2 (evaporation step).
- the raw slurry is heated to, for example, 100 to 250 ° C. by the heat exchanger 20 and enters the evaporator 2.
- moisture-content evaporation process of a raw material slurry is made
- the mixed oil is impregnated into the pores of the porous coal.
- the mixed oil is attached and coated as the vaporization and evaporation of the moisture in the pores proceeds. Even if some water vapor remains, a negative pressure is formed when it condenses during the cooling process, and the heavy oil-containing mixed oil is sucked into the pores.
- the mixture oil is successively covered with the mixed oil containing the fine oil, and finally, almost the entire area of the pore opening is filled with the mixed oil containing the heavy oil.
- the heavy oil in the mixed oil is easily selectively adsorbed at the active site, and when it adheres, it is difficult to separate, and as a result, it is expected to preferentially adhere to the solvent oil. Thus, it becomes possible to lose spontaneous ignition by blocking the surface layer portion in the pores from the outside air.
- a large amount of water is dehydrated and removed, and heavy oil-containing mixed oil, particularly heavy oil, preferentially fills the pores, so the calorie increase of the entire porous coal can be achieved at low cost. .
- Heating by the heat exchanger 20 is preferably performed under pressure, and usually 2 to 15 atmospheres is suitable.
- the heating time cannot be generally defined because a series of steps are usually carried out by continuous operation, and it is only necessary to achieve dehydration of the porous coal and impregnation of the mixed oil into the pores.
- the dewatered slurry that has been subjected to the water evaporation process passes from the lower part of the evaporator 2 to the upper part of the evaporator 2 via the slurry pump 27 through the downstream-side slurry circulation channels 26 and 28 to 29. be introduced.
- the dehydrated slurry is preferably heated by the heat exchanger 25 and enters the evaporator 2.
- moisture-content evaporation process of a slurry is made more effective.
- the water vapor generated by the evaporation passes from the evaporator 2 through the compressor 50, is introduced into the heat exchanger 25 through the flow path 51, and is used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 25. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 5 through 52 to 53 and used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 5.
- the water vapor that has passed through the compressor 50 may also be used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 20.
- the dehydrated slurry enters the solid-liquid separator 3 through the dehydrated slurry supply flow channel 41 branched from the slurry circulation flow channels 26 and 28 to 29, and is separated into solid and liquid, and the solid content (modified porous charcoal) and A liquid component (mixed oil) is obtained (solid-liquid separation step).
- Various methods can be used as the separation method, and for example, a centrifugal separation method, a sedimentation method, a filtration method, a pressing method, and the like can be used. A combination of these methods can also be used. From the viewpoint of separation efficiency, it is preferable to use a centrifugal separation method.
- the mixed oil recovered by the solid-liquid separation is returned to the mixing tank 1 through the mixed oil circulation passage 45 by the circulation means 4 as a circulating oil (circulation step). At this time, the mixed oil is heated by the heat exchanger 5 as described above (mixed oil heating step) and then reused for preparing the raw slurry in the mixing tank 1.
- a centrifugal pump is used as the circulation means 4.
- the solid content (modified porous charcoal) separated in the solid-liquid separation step is usually still wet with the mixed oil, it enters the dryer, is dried, and can be used as a powdered solid fuel. (Final drying process).
- the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the mixed oil can be evaporated and separated from the modified porous coal.
- the dried modified porous coal is cooled and molded as desired to obtain a solid fuel (cooling process and molding process).
- a solid fuel for example, it can be cooled in the cooling step and used as a powdered solid fuel, or after cooling in the cooling step, it can be molded in a molding step and used as a molded solid fuel. Further, the molded solid fuel may be obtained by being molded in the molding process without being cooled.
- the heat exchangers 20 and 25 are provided in the slurry circulation channel, and the supply of raw coal (RC) and mixed oil (MO) and the supply of slurry to the next process are stopped. In addition, since the slurry flow can be maintained, blockage of the pipe of the heat exchanger can be prevented.
- FIG. 1 A solid fuel production apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the apparatus of this embodiment is A mixing tank 1 in which porous coal is mixed with a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil to obtain a raw slurry;
- a first evaporator 2A to obtain a dehydrated slurry by heating the raw material slurry to evaporate the water;
- a second evaporator 2B for obtaining a dehydrated slurry by subjecting the dehydrated slurry to moisture evaporation treatment by heating and / or decompression;
- a solid-liquid separator 3 for separating the modified porous charcoal and the mixed oil from the dewatered slurry; and a circulating means 4 for returning the mixed oil separated and recovered by the solid-liquid separator to the mixing tank
- a mixed oil heating heat exchanger 5 for heating the mixed oil returned to the mixing tank by the circulation means.
- the solid fuel production apparatus is the same as the solid fuel production apparatus according to the first embodiment, except that the first evaporator 2A and the second evaporator 2B are used as the evaporator.
- the dewatered slurry obtained by the first evaporator A is supplied to the second evaporator 2B via the dewatered slurry supply channel 42, and the dewatered slurry obtained by the second evaporator 2B is supplied to the dehydrated slurry supply flow. It is supplied to the solid-liquid separator 3 via the path 43.
- the apparatus of this embodiment is demonstrated easily, unless it mentions specially, it is the same as that of description in 1st Embodiment.
- symbol as the apparatus of 1st Embodiment are the same as that of the same code
- the first evaporator 2A in the present embodiment corresponds to the evaporator 2 in the first embodiment.
- the mixing tank 1 has slurry circulation channels 11 and 13 for introducing the raw slurry from the lower part thereof to the upper part of the mixing tank 1 via the slurry pump 12.
- the evaporator 2A has upstream side slurry circulation passages 21, 23 to 24 for introducing slurry from the lower part of the evaporator to the upper part of the evaporator 2A via the slurry pump 22 on the upstream side.
- the evaporator 2A also has downstream slurry circulation passages 26, 28 to 29 for introducing slurry from the lower part of the evaporator to the upper part of the evaporator 2A via the slurry pump 27 on the downstream side thereof.
- the evaporator 2B has downstream slurry circulation passages 31, 33 to 34 for introducing slurry from the lower part of the evaporator to the upper part of the evaporator 2B via the slurry pump 32 on the downstream side.
- the raw slurry supply channel 14 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 11 and 13.
- the dehydrated slurry supply channel 42 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 26 and 28-29. Between the evaporator 2B and the solid-liquid separator 3, there is a dehydrated slurry supply channel 43.
- the dehydrated slurry supply channel 43 is branched from the slurry circulation channels 31 and 33 to 34. Between the solid-liquid separator 3 and the mixing tank 1, there is a mixed oil circulation passage 45 for returning the mixed oil separated by the solid-liquid separator 3 to the mixing tank 1.
- porous charcoal is mixed with mixed oil containing heavy oil and solvent oil to make a raw material slurry (mixing step). Since the mixed oil is heated by the heat exchanger 5, the raw slurry has already been appropriately preheated in the mixing tank.
- the raw slurry is introduced from the lower part of the mixing tank 1 through the slurry circulation passages 11 and 13 to the upper part of the mixing tank 1 via the slurry pump 12 and circulated. In particular, when the raw material slurry is circulated at the time of trouble occurrence, the flow of the slurry can be effectively maintained, and the clogging of equipment and piping can be prevented.
- the raw material slurry is circulated in the slurry circulation passages 11 and 13, and enters the upstream slurry circulation passages 23 to 24 of the evaporator 2A through the raw material slurry supply passage 14 branched from the slurry circulation passage. Through this, it enters the evaporator 2A (first evaporation step). At this time, the raw slurry is heated to, for example, 100 to 250 ° C. by the heat exchanger 20 and enters the evaporator 2A. Thereby, the water evaporation process of the raw material slurry is performed in the same manner as the evaporation process of the first embodiment (first stage water evaporation process).
- the dehydrated slurry that has been subjected to the first stage water evaporation process is introduced from the lower part of the evaporator 2A through the downstream slurry circulation passages 26 and 28 to 29 to the upper part of the evaporator 2A through the slurry pump 27.
- the At this time, the dehydrated slurry is preferably heated by the heat exchanger 25 and enters the evaporator 2A. Thereby, the water
- the dehydrated slurry that has been subjected to the first stage water evaporation process enters the evaporator 2B through the dehydrated slurry supply channel 42 branched from the slurry circulation channels 26, 28-29 (second evaporation step). .
- the pressure is reduced.
- the slurry that has entered the evaporator 2B is not only reduced in pressure, but also introduced into the upper part of the evaporator 2B from the lower part of the evaporator 2B through the slurry circulation passages 31, 33 to 34, and then to the upper part of the evaporator 2B. Heated by the exchanger 30.
- the second stage moisture evaporation process of the slurry is performed by heating and decompression.
- the pore water and the crystal water in the water contained in the porous coal in the slurry are evaporated and dehydrated, so that the water can be evaporated more effectively.
- the mixed oil is impregnated into the pores of the porous coal.
- heating by the heat exchanger 30 in the slurry circulation channels 31, 33 to 34 or instead of the heating, heating by the heat exchanger in the slurry circulation channel 42 may be performed.
- the second stage moisture evaporation treatment may be performed only by heating or only by decompression.
- the water vapor generated by the first stage water evaporation process passes from the evaporator 2A through the compressor 50, is introduced into the heat exchanger 25 through the flow path 51, and is used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 25. Further, it is introduced into the heat exchanger 5 through the flow paths 52 to 53 and used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 5.
- the water vapor that has passed through the compressor 50 may also be used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 20.
- the water vapor generated by the second stage water evaporation process is introduced into the heat exchanger 30 from the evaporator 2B through the compressor and used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 30. Also good. Thereafter, it may be introduced into the heat exchanger 5 together with the water vapor generated by the first stage water evaporation process and used as a heat source (heating medium) of the heat exchanger 5.
- the dehydrated slurry that has been subjected to the second stage water evaporation process enters the solid-liquid separator 3 through the dehydrated slurry supply flow path 43 branched from the slurry circulation flow paths 31, 33 to 34, and is separated into the solid-liquid separation.
- a solid content modified porous charcoal
- a liquid content mixed oil
- solid-liquid separation step the oil content remaining in the solid content is recovered by a dryer (final drying section), and the solid content can be used as a powdered solid fuel.
- the final drying section it is molded in the molding section to become a molded solid fuel.
- the mixed oil recovered by the solid-liquid separation is returned to the mixing tank 1 through the mixed oil circulation passage 45 by the circulation means 4 as a circulating oil (circulation step). At this time, the mixed oil is heated by the heat exchanger 5 (mixed oil heating step) and then reused for preparing the raw slurry in the mixing tank 1.
- the heat exchangers 20, 25 and 30 are provided in the slurry circulation flow path, and when the supply of raw coal (RC) or mixed oil (MO) or the supply of slurry to the next process is stopped. Even if it exists, since a slurry flow can be maintained, the piping obstruction
- Example 1 A dehydration test was carried out by the following method using the slurry dehydration test apparatus shown in FIG. 150 kg of Ecocoal charcoal pulverized to a particle size of 3 mm or less as raw material, 200 kg of kerosene, and 0.5 kg of asphalt are charged into a dehydrator 61 and the inside of the dehydrator is stirred by a stirrer 62. 65 was run with the slurry. Specifically, after 0.4 MPaG was pressurized with nitrogen by the slurry pump 63, steam was passed through the heat exchanger 64 to heat the slurry. Thereafter, the slurry pump 63 was stopped and left for 5 minutes. When the slurry pump 63 was operated again, the slurry circulation could not be resumed.
- Example 2 A solid fuel production test was conducted using a test apparatus having the same configuration as in FIG.
- the mixing tank 1 was charged with 200 kg of kerosene and 0.5 kg of asphalt, and the production test apparatus was operated.
- the supply speed of the mixed oil is 300 kg / hour
- the supply speed of the raw coal is 200 kg / hour
- the slurry flow rate in the slurry circulation passage 13 is 250 kg / hour
- the slurry in the raw slurry supply passage 14 The flow rate was 500 kg / hour
- the slurry temperature in the mixing tank 1 was 75 ° C.
- the supply speed of the mixed oil is 300 kg / hour
- the supply speed of the raw coal is 200 kg / hour
- the slurry flow rate in the slurry circulation passage 13 is 250 kg / hour
- the slurry in the raw slurry supply passage 14 The flow rate was 500 kg / hour
- the slurry temperature in the mixing tank 1 was 75 ° C.
- the solid fuel production apparatus and production method according to the present invention are useful for the production of solid fuel using porous coal (coal), particularly low-grade coal as a raw material.
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Abstract
Description
多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合槽;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る蒸発器;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離器;および
固液分離器で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環手段
を有する固形燃料の製造装置であって、
循環手段によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱用熱交換器を有することを特徴とする固形燃料の製造装置に関する。
多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合工程;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る蒸発工程;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離工程;および
固液分離工程で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環工程
を有する固形燃料の製造方法であって、
循環工程によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱工程を有することを特徴とする固形燃料の製造方法に関する。
本発明の第1実施形態に係る固形燃料の製造装置を図1に示す。
本実施形態の装置は、
多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合槽1;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る蒸発器2;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離器3;および
固液分離器で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環手段4
を有し、さらに循環手段によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱用熱交換器5を有することを特徴とする。ここで、混合槽1は、その下部から原料スラリーをスラリーポンプ12を介して混合槽1の上部へ導入するスラリー循環流路11、13を有している。蒸発器2は、その上流側で蒸発器下部からスラリーをスラリーポンプ22を介して蒸発器2の上部へ導入する上流側スラリー循環流路21、23~24を有している。蒸発器2はまた、その下流側で蒸発器下部からスラリーをスラリーポンプ27を介して蒸発器2の上部へ導入する下流側スラリー循環流路26、28~29を有している。混合槽1と蒸発器2との間には、原料スラリー供給流路14がある。この原料スラリー供給流路14はスラリー循環流路11、13から分岐している。蒸発器2と固液分離器3との間には、脱水スラリー供給流路41がある。この脱水スラリー供給流路41はスラリー循環流路26、28~29から分岐している。固液分離器3と混合槽1との間には、固液分離器3で分離された混合油を混合槽1に戻すための混合油循環流路45がある。
加熱時間は、一連の工程が通常は連続運転により実施されるため一概に規定できるものではなく、多孔質炭の脱水と細孔内への混合油の含浸とを達成できればよい。
分離方法は種々の方法を用いることができ、例えば、遠心分離法、沈降法、濾過法、圧搾法等が使用可能である。これらの方法を組み合わせて使用することもできる。分離効率の観点から、遠心分離法を使用することが好ましい。
循環手段4としては、遠心式ポンプが使用される。
乾燥方法は改質多孔質炭から混合油を蒸発分離できる限り特に制限されない。
本発明の第2実施形態に係る固形燃料の製造装置を図2に示す。
本実施形態の装置は、
多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合槽1;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る第1蒸発器2A;
該脱水スラリーを加熱および/または減圧により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る第2蒸発器2B;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離器3;および
固液分離器で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環手段4
を有し、さらに循環手段によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱用熱交換器5を有することを特徴とする。これによって第1実施形態と同様の作用・効果を奏する。
図3に示すスラリー脱水試験装置を用いて以下の方法により脱水試験を実施した。
原料として粒径3mm以下に粉砕したエココール炭150kg、灯油200kg、アスファルト0.5kgを脱水器61に仕込み、攪拌機62で脱水器内を撹拌させた状態で、スラリーポンプ63によって熱交換器64と配管65にスラリーを流した。詳しくは、スラリーポンプ63により窒素で0.4MPaGを加圧した後、熱交換器64にスチームを流してスラリーを加熱した。その後、スラリーポンプ63を停止し、5分間放置し、スラリーポンプ63を再度稼働させたところ、スラリー循環は再開できなかった。熱交換器64の内部を確認したところ、全ての配管は図5(B)に示すように閉塞しており、粉砕炭が配管に強固に詰まっていた。配管の閉塞物は、水を使用したジェット洗浄によりはじめて取り除くことができた。
このように、熱交換器中のスラリー流動がなくなると、粉砕炭が沈降し、強固に堆積する。固形燃料の製造装置の運転では、トラブル等により原料の供給が停止した場合でも、常に熱交換器内のスラリー流動を維持しなければならい。
図1と同様の構成を有する試験装置を用いて固形燃料の製造試験を実施した。
混合槽1に灯油200kg、アスファルト0.5kgを仕込み、製造試験装置を稼働させた。定常運転に入ったとき、混合油の供給速度は300kg/時、原料炭の供給速度は200kg/時、スラリー循環流路13内のスラリー流量は250kg/時、原料スラリー供給流路14内のスラリー流量は500kg/時、混合槽1内のスラリー温度は75℃であった。
その後、原料および混合油の供給および原料スラリーの蒸発工程への供給を停止し、スラリーポンプ12の稼働を継続した。5分間経過後、原料炭供給手段6に結露は全く認められず、固形燃料の製造を再開したところ、原料炭供給手段6から原料炭を円滑に供給できた。
熱交換器5を混合油加熱用として混合油循環流路45に取り付ける代わりに、スラリー加熱用としてスラリー循環流路13に取り付けたこと以外、図1と同様の構成を有する試験装置を用いて固形燃料の製造試験を実施した。
混合槽1に灯油200kg、アスファルト0.5kgを仕込み、製造試験装置を稼働させた。定常運転に入ったとき、混合油の供給速度は300kg/時、原料炭の供給速度は200kg/時、スラリー循環流路13内のスラリー流量は250kg/時、原料スラリー供給流路14内のスラリー流量は500kg/時、混合槽1内のスラリー温度は75℃であった。
その後、原料および混合油の供給、原料スラリーの蒸発工程への供給、および熱交換器5へのスチーム供給を停止し、スラリーポンプ12の稼働を継続した。5分間経過後、原料炭供給手段6に結露が認められ、固形燃料の製造を再開したところ、原料炭供給手段6において原料炭が閉塞した。
Claims (4)
- 多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合槽;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る蒸発器;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離器;および
固液分離器で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環手段
を有する固形燃料の製造装置であって、
循環手段によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱用熱交換器を有することを特徴とする固形燃料の製造装置。 - 混合油加熱用熱交換器の熱源として蒸発器で発生する水蒸気が用いられる請求項1に記載の固形燃料の製造装置。
- 蒸発器として、
前記原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る第1蒸発器;および
該脱水スラリーを加熱および/または減圧により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る第2蒸発器を有する請求項1または2に記載の固形燃料の製造装置。 - 多孔質炭を、重質油分および溶媒油分を含む混合油と混合して原料スラリーを得る混合工程;
該原料スラリーを加熱により水分蒸発処理して脱水スラリーを得る蒸発工程;
該脱水スラリーから改質多孔質炭と混合油とを分離する固液分離工程;および
固液分離工程で分離回収された混合油を混合槽へ戻す循環工程
を有する固形燃料の製造方法であって、
循環工程によって混合槽に戻される混合油を加熱する混合油加熱工程を有することを特徴とする固形燃料の製造方法。
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CN2008801241262A CN101918519B (zh) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-08-25 | 固体燃料的制造装置及制造方法 |
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JP4603620B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 多孔質炭を原料とする成型固形燃料の製造方法 |
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JP5982666B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-08-31 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
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CN101918519B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
DE112008003675T5 (de) | 2010-12-30 |
JP4231090B1 (ja) | 2009-02-25 |
JP2009161681A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
CN101918519A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
AU2008345969A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
DE112008003675B4 (de) | 2012-03-22 |
US8734544B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
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