WO2009086687A1 - 一种合成地西他滨的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成地西他滨的方法 Download PDF

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WO2009086687A1
WO2009086687A1 PCT/CN2008/000027 CN2008000027W WO2009086687A1 WO 2009086687 A1 WO2009086687 A1 WO 2009086687A1 CN 2008000027 W CN2008000027 W CN 2008000027W WO 2009086687 A1 WO2009086687 A1 WO 2009086687A1
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deoxy
ribose
acyl
decitabine
synthesizing
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PCT/CN2008/000027
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Huashan Li
Luqiu Shi
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Nanjing Zhongshi Chemical Co., Ltd.
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Priority to CN2008801118484A priority Critical patent/CN101821278B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2008/000027 priority patent/WO2009086687A1/zh
Publication of WO2009086687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009086687A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/12Triazine radicals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a nucleoside compound, and more particularly to a method for synthesizing decitabine. Background technique
  • MDS Myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Methylation changes in DNA abnormalities occur frequently in hematological tumors, and hypermethylation affects cell cycle and apoptosis.
  • Demethylating drugs can restore the normalization of the tumor suppressor gene to the normal demethylation state by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in vivo and in vitro, and newly activate genes that are inactivated due to excessive methylation of DNA. Restore cells to normal terminal differentiation, senescence or apoptosis.
  • DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase 1
  • 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine Zebularine
  • the mechanism of action of this drug is cytotoxicity and induction of demethylation, that is, by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, the methyl group cannot be transferred to the cell during the DNA replication of the dividing cell.
  • cytotoxicity and induction of demethylation that is, by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, the methyl group cannot be transferred to the cell during the DNA replication of the dividing cell.
  • the ability of the DNA to accept a methyl group is reduced, so that as the division proceeds, the degree of methylation of the DNA in the daughter cells is gradually reduced.
  • decitabine was first synthesized. The 1968 study confirmed that it has anti-tumor activity and exhibits a dose-related dual mechanism with cytotoxicity at high concentrations and demethylation at low concentrations. In 1993 Zagonel et al reported that low-dose decitabine was effective in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and the clinical efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of MDS was further confirmed in subsequent clinical trials.
  • MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Decitabine is a congener of 5-azacytidine. Compared with 5-azacytidine, decitabine has its unique properties. By incorporating DNA, it becomes a more effective low-grade Base drug, Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases, resulting in DNA hypomethylation and cell differentiation or apoptosis, at micromolar concentrations, its analogs can cause terminal differentiation and loss of clonality in human leukemia cells.
  • Decitabine has significant effects on a variety of hematological diseases including MDS, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The drug resistance mainly occurs when the activity of deoxycytosine kinase is decreased or the activity of cytosine deaminase is increased.
  • DNMT1 is currently considered to be a good target for demethylating drugs.
  • R is CH 3 CO- (a).
  • R Ac- (a), CH3C6H4CO- (b) or Fmoc-group (c).
  • the 5-azacytosine is coupled to give decitabine, and the disclosed method has a lower yield, and the ratio of the ⁇ to ⁇ isomer is about 1:1.
  • the invention provides a simple synthesis method of decitabine, which is prepared by using 2-deoxy-D-ribose as a raw material to prepare an intermediate 1-methoxy-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-acyl group.
  • -D-furan-type ribose (3) directly reacted with the silyl ether of 5-azacytosine, coupled to give the intermediate 1-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-acyl-D-ribose) 4-amino-1,3,5-s-triazin-2-one (8), coupling product (8)
  • Deprotecting the acyl substituent to give the target compound decitabine the method of the invention does not pass through the intermediate 3, 5-diacyl-1-chloro-2-deoxy-D-ribose (4), not only easy to operate, but also yield Increased, and the ratio of ⁇ and ⁇ isomers is also greatly improved.
  • a method for synthesizing decitabine comprises the following steps:
  • the coupling product obtained in the step 2) is removed from the acyl group by a base in a solvent.
  • the synthesis method used in the present invention can be represented by the following chemical formula:
  • Step 1) An intermediate 1-methoxy-2-deoxy-3,5-di-0-acyl-D-furan-type ribose (3) is prepared according to a conventional method.
  • the acyl group is acetyl (Ac-), p-methylbenzoyl (p-CH 3 C 6 CO-) or fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc -).
  • the preparation method of the intermediate 1-methoxy-2-deoxy-3,5-di-0-acyl-D-furan-type ribose (3) from 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2) has been reported in a large number of literatures. Such as: Irian Dhimitruka and John SantaLucia Jr. et al. iSyn lett 2004, 335-337).
  • step 2) is a silyl ether of the intermediate product 1-methoxy-2-deoxy-3,5-di-0-acyl-D-furan-type ribose (3) and 5-azacytosine.
  • Direct reaction gave the coupled product 1-(2-deoxy-3, 5-di-O-acetyl-D-ribose)-4-amino-1,3,5-s-triazine-2-one (8).
  • the solvent may be: chloroformin, trichloromethane, acetonitrile or dichloroethane
  • the catalyst may be: trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) or trifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • Di-tert-butylmethylsilyl sulfonate may have a reaction temperature of -5T to 100 ° C, preferably 0 ° C to 25 ° C; and a reaction time of 1 to 12 hours.
  • TDMSOTf Di-tert-butylmethylsilyl sulfonate
  • the resulting intermediate 1-(2-deoxy-3, 5-di-O-acetyl-D-ribose)-4-amino-1,3,5-s-triazine-2-
  • the ratio of ⁇ to ⁇ in the ketone (8) is 3:2.
  • the silazane of 5-azacytosine can be prepared by using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a solvent and refluxing for several hours under the catalysis of ammonium sulfate or trimethylchlorosilane. To clarify, excess HMDS was distilled off and the resulting silyl ether was a white waxy solid.
  • HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
  • Step 3) The coupling product is stripped of the acyl protecting group to prepare the desired product, decitabine.
  • This step can be carried out by methods known in the art.
  • the solvent is methanol, ethanol or anhydrous pyridine
  • the base may be selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or triethylamine.
  • the reaction temperature for removing the protecting group may be from -5 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the synthesis method of the present invention does not pass through the intermediate 3,5-di-O-acyl-1-chloro-2-deoxy-D-ribose (4), and is replaced by the intermediate 1-methoxy
  • the keto-2-deoxy-3,5-di-0-acyl-D-furan-type ribose (3) reacts directly with the silyl ether of 5-azacytosine, and has the advantages of short process and easy operation.
  • the coupling yield of the glycosyl group and the base is higher, and the ratio of the ⁇ and ⁇ isomers of the intermediate (8) formed is 3:2, which is higher than the conventional method (1:1). .
  • the content of the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, and the invention is not limited by the embodiments. Example.
  • Example 1 Preparation of decitabine according to the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • 2-Deoxy-D-ribose (2) (20 g) was added to anhydrous methanol (150 mL) at room temperature, and then stirred to dissolve. Then, a solution of hydrogen chloride in methanol (40 ml) was added and stirred for 30 min. TCL detected no raw materials, adjusted to pH 7.0 with solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The oil was vacuumed for 3 hours.
  • the orange oil was dissolved in 400 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0 ° C, and stirred under mechanical stirring, and 16. Og of sodium hydride was added in portions. After stirring for 5 minutes, 100 g of p-methylbenzoic anhydride was added in portions to maintain the internal temperature. Less than 5 ° C, after the input of 80g, no significant temperature rise, after the addition, continue to stir for 10 minutes, the temperature is raised to 60-70 ° C, the reaction is completed in about 5 hours, cooled to 0 ° C, and a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate is added dropwise.
  • the intermediate (3b) (24.0g) was dissolved in 500mL of dichloroacetic acid, the above silyl ether was added, stirred to a translucent solution, and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) was added dropwise.
  • TMSOTf trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
  • Example 1 Preparation of decitabine according to the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • 2-Deoxy-D-ribose (2) (20 g) was added to anhydrous methanol (150 mL) at room temperature. After stirring to dissolve, a solution of hydrogen chloride in methanol (40 ml) was added and stirred for 30 min. TCL detected no raw materials, adjusted to pH 7.0 with solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure of methanol. The oil was vacuumed for 3 hours, then dissolved in pyridine (160 ml), cooled to 0 ° C, and added to methoxycarbonyl. The acid chloride (80 g) was reacted at room temperature for 3.5 h. After cooling to 0 ° C, 500 ml of ice water and diethyl ether were added, and the organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. g.
  • 5-Azacytosine (4.1 g) was etherified by silicon, and the method was as described in Example 1.

Description

一种合成地西他滨的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种核苷化合物的合成方法, 尤其是特别地涉及一种地 西他滨的合成方法。 背景技术
骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)是一种多能干细胞单克隆紊乱的综合征, 以全血细胞减少、 骨髓病态造血和高风险向白血病发展为特征, 后期转 化为急性白血病的风险在 30%左右, 其发病机制尚不清楚。
DNA异常的甲基化改变在血液病肿瘤中出现频率很高, 过度甲基化 影响了细胞周期和细胞凋亡。 去甲基化药物在体内和体外均能通过抑制 DNA甲基转移酶 l(DNMTl)使抑癌基因恢复正常的去甲基状态 , ¾新激 活那些由于 DNA过度甲基化而失活的基因,使细胞恢复正常的终末分化、 衰老或凋亡。
国内外研究的主要的去甲基化胞苷类药物有: 5-氮杂胞嘧啶
(5-Azacytosine)、 5-氮杂胞苷 (5-Azacytidine)、 5-氟 -2-脱氧胞苷
(5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine)及 Zebularine, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000003_0001
5-Azacytosine 5-Azacytidine
Figure imgf000004_0001
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine Zebularine 该类药物的作用机制是细胞毒作用和诱导去甲基化, 即通过抑制 DNA甲 基转移酶, 在分裂细胞 DNA复制过程中, 使甲基不能转移到胞嘧啶上, 降低 DNA接受甲基的能力, 从而随着分裂进行, DNA在子代细胞中的甲 基化程度逐渐降低。
1964年, 地西他滨 (Decitabine) 被首次合成。 1968年研究证实其具 有抗肿瘤活性且表现为剂量相关的双重机制, 高浓度时具有细胞毒作用, 低浓度时具有去甲基化作用。 1993年 Zagonel等报道小剂量地西他滨治疗 骨髓增生异常综合症 (MDS)有效, 地西他滨治疗 MDS的临床疗效在随后 的临床试验中得到了进一步肯定。
Figure imgf000004_0002
Decitabine
地西他滨是 5-氮杂胞苷的同类物, 与 5-氮杂胞苷比较, 地西他滨有其 独特的特性, 通过掺入 DNA, 而使其成为一个更为有效的低甲基化药物, 抑制 DNA甲基化转移酶, 引起 DNA低甲基化和细胞分化或凋亡, 在微克 分子浓度下, 其类似物能引起终末分化和人类白血病细胞克隆性丧失。 地西他滨对多种恶性血液病包括 MDS、 急性髓性白血病 (AML)和慢性粒 细胞白血病 (CML)等均有明显疗效。而其耐药主要发生在脱氧胞嘧啶激酶 活性减少或胞嘧啶脱氨酶活性增加。 地西他滨的抗白血病效果强于阿糖 胞苷, 抑制 DNA甲基化的活性是 5-氮杂胞苷的 30倍 。 因此, 目前认为 DNMT1是去甲基化药物作用的较好靶点。
2003年上半年, SuperGen公司获得美国 FDA批准进行将其用于治疗 镰状细胞性贫血的 II期临床试验, 而且本品还有望用于治疗难治性慢性 髓性白血病 (CML)和实体瘤。 2006年 5月 2日 FDA批准地西他滨用于治疗骨 髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)。
1964年, 地西他滨由 Pliml和 Storm首次合成 Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun" 29, 1964, 2576) , 其方法是以 2-脱氧 -D-核糖(2 )为起始原料, 经 1 -甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 乙酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖 (3a)制得中间体 3,5-二 -0-乙酰基 - 1 -氯 -2-脱氧 -D-核糖 (4a), 将中间体 (4a) 用氰化银处 理后, 与脲环合而成胞嘧啶核苷, 反应过程如下式所示:
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001
7 1
上式中, R为 CH3CO- (a)。 此方法使用较昂贵的氰化银, 步骤较长, 操 作不便, 且收率也不明确。
1970年, MICHAEL W . WiNKLEY和 ROLAND K . ROBINs ( J. Org. Chem.1970, 36, 491-495)的方法是先将 2-脱氧 -D-核糖 (2) 制成 中间体 3,5-二乙酰基 -1-氯 -2-脱氧 核糖(4a), 进而与三甲基硅醚化的 5- 氮杂胞嘧啶偶合而得中间产物 1- (2-脱氧- 3, 5-二- 0-乙酰基 -D-核 糖)- 4-氨基- 1,3,5-均三嗪 -2-酮(8a), 该反应步骤收率较低, α与 β 异构体的比例约为 1:1; 中间产物 (8a) 最后经脱乙酰基而得目标化合物 地西他滨 (1)。
1974年, U. Niedballa和 H. Vorbruggen U. Org. Chem.1974, 39, 3672-3674)等人将取代基乙酰基 (a) 换成对甲基苯甲酰基 (b) 进行偶 合, 得到较好的收率, 但 α与 β异构体的比例几乎没有多少改变, 仍约 为 1:1。
1986年, Jean Ben-Hattar和 Josef Jiricny U. Org. Chem.1986, 51 3211-3213) 等人对以上工艺作进一步改进, 将取代基改为芴甲氧羰酰基 (Fmoc-) (c), 虽然操作起来很方便, 但收率较低, 且 α与 β异构体的 比例仍然约为 1:1, 与以上方法相比, 并无明显优势。
上述以中间体 3,5-二酰基 -1-氯 -2-脱氧 -D-核糖(4)与三甲基硅醚化的
; -氮杂胞嘧啶偶合制备地西他滨的方法, 可以下式表示:
Figure imgf000007_0001
式中 R: Ac- (a)、 CH3C6H4CO- (b) 或 Fmoc-基 (c)。
可见, 现已公开报导的地西他滨的合成方法中, 均以 3,5-二乙酰基 -1- 氯 -2-脱氧 -D-核糖 (4a) 为中间产物, 或与脲环合, 或与三甲基硅醚化的
5-氮杂胞嘧啶偶合,而制备得到地西他滨,而且已公开的该方法收率较低, α与 β异构体的比例约为 1:1。 发明内容
本发明提供一种地西他滨的简便的合成方法, 即以 2-脱氧 -D-核糖为 原料, 制得中间体 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0-酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖(3), 直接与 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物反应, 偶合而得中间体 1-(2-脱氧 - 3,5-二 -0-酰基- D-核糖) -4-氨基 -1,3, 5-均三嗪 -2-酮 (8), 偶合 产物 (8) 脱除酰基取代基而得目标化合物地西他滨; 本发明方法不经过 中间体 3,5-二酰基 -1-氯 -2-脱氧 -D-核糖(4), 不仅操作方便, 收率也有所 提高, 且 α与 β异构体的比例也有较大的提高。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种地西他滨的合成方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 以 2-脱氧 -D-核糖为原料,制得 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 酰 基 -D-呋喃型核糖;
2) 在催化剂的作用下, 将制得的 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 酰 基 -D-呋喃型核糖在溶剂中与 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物反应, 反应温度为 - 5°C〜100°C, 生成偶合产物 1 - ( 2-脱氧- 3 , 5-二- 0-酰基 -D-核糖) - 4- 氨基- 1 , 3 , 5-均三嗪 -2 -酮;
3 ) 将步骤 2) 所得到的偶合产物在溶剂中, 在碱的作用下脱除酰 本发明所采用的合成方法可以下列化学式表示:
OMe
Figure imgf000008_0001
2 3
Figure imgf000008_0002
R: Ac- (a)、 P-CH3C6H4CO- (b)、 Fmoc- (c) 本发明中, 步骤 1) 按照现有方法制备中间体 1-甲氧基 -2-脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0-酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖 (3)。 所述的酰基为乙酰基 (Ac-) 、 对甲基苯 甲酰基(p-CH3C6 CO-)或芴甲氧羰酰基(Fmoc -)。由 2-脱氧 -D-核糖(2) 合成中间体 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖(3)的制备 方法已有大量文献报道, 如: Irian Dhimitruka和 John SantaLucia Jr.等人 iSyn lett 2004, 335-337) 的改进方法。
本发明方法中, 步骤 2) 由中间产物 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 酰 基 -D-呋喃型核糖(3)与 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物直接反应, 得到偶合产 物 1- (2-脱氧- 3, 5-二 -0-乙酰基 -D-核糖) -4-氨基 -1, 3, 5-均三嗪 - 2 -酮(8)。所述的溶剂可以为: 二氯甲垸、三氯甲垸、 乙腈或二氯乙烷, 所述的催化剂可以为: 三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅垸酯(TMSOTf)或三氟甲磺 酸二叔丁基甲基硅垸酯 (TBDMSOTf), 其反应温度可以为: -5T〜 100 °C, 优选 0°C〜25°C; 反应时间 1〜12小时。 根据本发明的方法, 所生成 的中间体 1- (2-脱氧- 3, 5-二 -0-乙酰基 -D-核糖) -4-氨基- 1, 3, 5 -均 三嗪- 2-酮 (8) 的 α与 β体的比例 3:2。
所述的 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物可以按如下方法制备,即以六甲基二 硅氮垸 (HMDS) 为溶剂, 在硫酸铵或三甲基氯硅烷的催化下, 回流数 小时至澄清, 蒸除过量的 HMDS, 所得的硅醚化物为白色蜡状固体。
步骤 3)将偶合产物脱除酰基保护基以制备目的产物地西他滨。 该步 骤可采用现有技术中所公知的方法进行。 所述的溶剂为甲醇、 乙醇或无 水吡啶, 所述的碱可以选自氨气、 甲醇钠、 乙醇钠或三乙胺。 脱除保护 基的反应温度可以为 -5°C〜100°C。 本发明的合成方法与现有方法相比, 不经过中间体 3,5-二 -0-酰基 -1- 氯 -2-脱氧 -D-核糖 (4), 代之以中间体 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0-酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖 (3 ) 直接与 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物反应, 具有流程短, 易于操作等优点。 特别是根据本发明方法, 糖基与碱基的偶合收率更高, 且生成的中间体(8 )的 α与 β异构体的比例 3 : 2,高于现有方法(1 : 1 )。 下面通过具体实施例对发明内容作进一步的说明, 且发明内容不受 实施例的限制。 实施例 .
实施例 1
实施例 1按本发明的方法制备地西他滨, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二- 0- 对甲苯甲酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖(3b) 的制备
室温下, 2-脱氧- D-核糖 (2) (20g)加至无水甲醇(150mL)中, 搅拌 至全溶后,加入氯化氢的甲醇溶液 (40ml), 搅拌 30min。 TCL检测无原料, 用固体碳酸氢钠调至 pH 7.0, 过滤, 滤液减压蒸除甲醇, 油泵真空 3小时, 备用
将上橙色油状物溶于 400mL无水四氢呋喃, 冷却至 0°C, 机械搅拌下, 分批加入 16. Og氢化钠, 搅拌 5分钟后, 分批加入 100g对甲基苯甲酸酐, 保持内温小于 5°C, 当投入 80g后, 无明显升温, 加毕, 继续搅拌 10分钟, 升温至 60-70°C, 约 5小时反应完全,冷却至 0°C,滴加碳酸氢钠饱和溶液, 至大量固体消失, 加入乙酸乙酯提取数次, 合并, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 蒸 干得油状物约 70g, 油泵真空 2小时, 将其热溶于 50mL甲醇, 置冰箱冷冻 过夜, 析出大量类白色固体, 抽滤, 得固体 61.0g。
(2) 1- (2-脱氧- 3,5 -二- 0-对甲基苯基 -D-核糖) -4-氨基 - 1,3, 5-均三嗪 -2-酮 (8b)的制备:
将 5-氮胞嘧啶 (llg) , 80ml六甲基二硅氮垸及 0.5g硫酸铵混合, 加 热回流 2-3小时, 溶液澄清, 回收溶剂, 油泵真空 2小时, 得类白色固体或 半固体, 备用。
氮气保护下, 将中间体 (3b) (24.0g) 溶于 500mL二氯乙垸, 加入 以上硅醚化物, 搅拌至半透明溶液, 滴加三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅垸酯 (TMSOTf)的二氯乙烷溶液(5.5mLTMSOTf+100mL二氯乙垸) , 约 40 分钟滴完, 于221搅拌2.5小时, 薄层色谱 (TLC) 检测无原料, 冷却至 0 °C, 滴加饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭, 抽滤过硅藻土, 分出有机层, 无水 硫酸镁干燥,浓缩至干,得类白色固体, 甲醇重结晶(少量不溶物滤去), 得白色固体 25.2g,再用乙酸乙酯重结晶,得白色固体 16.3g, m. p.195-196 °C。
(3) 地西他滨 (1) 的制备 .
室温下, 将中间体 (8b) (10g)溶于无水甲醇( 150ml)中, 再加 入甲醇钠(0.5g) , 搅拌 1.5h, 用乙酸调中性, 过滤, 滤液浓縮, 用乙 醚洗涤残留物数次, TLC检测无对甲基苯甲酸甲酯, 得白色固体, 用无水 甲醇重结晶,所得粉末再经甲醇-异丙醇( 1: 1 )重结晶,得无色晶体 2.0g, m.p.190-193°C。 实施例 2
实施例 1按本发明的方法制备地西他滨, 包括以下步骤:
(1) 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 芴甲氧羰酰基 -D-呋喃型核糖 (: 3c) 的制备
室温下, 2-脱氧 -D-核糖 (2) (20g)加至无水甲醇(150mL)中, 搅拌 至全溶后,加入氯化氢的甲醇溶液 (40ml), 搅拌 30min。 TCL检测无原料, 用固体碳酸氢钠调至 pH 7.0, 过滤, 滤液减压蒸除甲醇, 油泵真空 3小时, 再将其溶于吡啶 (160ml) , 冷却至 0°C, 加入芴甲氧羰酰氯 (80 g) , 室温反应 3.5h, 在冷却至 0°C, 加入冰水和乙醚各 500ml, 分出有机层, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩后柱层析, 得无色玻璃状固体 61.2g。
(2) 1- (2-脱氧- 3,5-二 -〇-芴甲氧羰酰基 -D-核糖) -4-氨基 - 1,3, 5-均三嗪 _2-酮 (8c)的制备:
将 5-氮胞嘧啶 (4.1g) 硅醚化, 方法参照实施例 1。
将中间体 (3c) (9.0g) 与上述 5-氮胞嘧啶的硅醚化物按实施例 1 的方法进行偶合,反应于 0°C下过夜,所得粗品柱层析,得白色固体 6.8g。
(3) 地西他滨 (1) 的制备
室温下, 将步骤 (2) 所制得的中间体 (8c) (l.Og)溶于无水吡啶 (15ml)中, 再加入三乙胺 (3.5ml) , 搅拌 1.5h, 浓缩, 所得残留物 用无水甲醇重结晶, 得白色固体 0.14g, m.p.189- 190°C。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种地西他滨的合成方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 以 2-脱氧 -D-核糖为原料,制得 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0-酰 基 -D-呋喃型核糖;
2) 在催化剂的作用下, 将制得的 1-甲氧基 -2- 脱氧 -3,5- 二 -0- 酰 基 -D-呋喃型核糖在溶剂中与 5-氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物反应, 反应温度为 -5°C〜100°C, 生成偶合产物 1-(2-脱氧- 3, 5-二- 0-酰基- D-核糖) -4- 氨基- 1,3, 5-均三嗪 -2 -酮;
3) 将步骤 2) 所得到的偶合产物在溶剂中, 在碱的作用下脱除酰 基。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酰 基为乙酰基、 对甲基苯甲酰基或芴甲氧羰酰基。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 2) 中, 所述的溶剂为二氯甲垸、 三氯甲垸、 乙腈或二氯乙烷, 所述的催化 剂为三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅烷酯或三氟甲磺酸二叔丁基甲基硅垸酯。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 2) 的反应温度为 0°C〜25°C; 反应时间 1〜12小时。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 3) 中, 所述的溶剂为甲醇、 乙醇或无水吡啶, 所述的碱选自氨气、 甲醇钠、 乙醇钠或三乙胺; 脱除酰基的反应温度为 -5°C〜100°C。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述的任一地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 偶合产物 1- (2-脱氧- 3, 5-二 -0-酰基 -D-核糖) -4-氨基- 1, 3, 5-均三 嗪一 2-酮的 α与 β体的比例 3:2。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的地西他滨的合成方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 5- 氮杂胞嘧啶的硅醚化物按如下方法制备, 以六甲基二硅氮垸为溶剂, 在 硫酸铵或三甲基氯硅垸的催化下, 回流 1〜5小时至澄清, 蒸除过量的六
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