WO2009084688A1 - 鏡視下手術用の臓器間スペーサー - Google Patents
鏡視下手術用の臓器間スペーサー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009084688A1 WO2009084688A1 PCT/JP2008/073859 JP2008073859W WO2009084688A1 WO 2009084688 A1 WO2009084688 A1 WO 2009084688A1 JP 2008073859 W JP2008073859 W JP 2008073859W WO 2009084688 A1 WO2009084688 A1 WO 2009084688A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/0218—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for minimally invasive surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00898—Material properties expandable upon contact with fluid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0815—Implantable devices for insertion in between organs or other soft tissues
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery, and an insertion tool for inserting the spacer into the body.
- the endoscopic surgery is an operation performed in a chest or abdominal surgery while viewing an image projected by an endoscope (for example, a thoracoscope or a laparoscope) inserted in the chest cavity or abdominal cavity on a monitor.
- an endoscope for example, a thoracoscope or a laparoscope
- a laparoscopic operation unlike a conventional laparotomy, a plurality of thin tubes (trocars) of about 5 to 15 mm necessary for the operation are inserted and the abdominal cavity is inserted from these tubes without cutting the abdomen.
- Surgery is performed by inserting and removing thin forceps (a device that sandwiches and holds organs) that has been developed for mirrors and endoscopic surgery.
- carbon dioxide gas is inflated into the abdominal cavity (called pneumoperitoneum) or the abdominal wall is lifted.
- organ retraction and traction devices in endoscopic surgery include a triangle retractor (Stema GmbH, Germany) and a retraction device (for example, Mizuho Medical Industry or Peace Medical Instruments).
- a triangle retractor for example, Mizuho Medical Industry or Peace Medical Instruments
- Mizuho Medical Industry or Peace Medical Instruments for example, Mizuho Medical Industry or Peace Medical Instruments
- gauze with X-ray contrast yarn used in laparotomy is also used in endoscopic surgery.
- it is difficult to take in and out frequently via the trocar it is difficult to easily replace it with a new gauze as in open surgery, so blood that has been absorbed by the gauze once has been inserted separately from the trocar.
- it is used to absorb the blood and reuse it for absorption of blood and the like.
- gauze is inferior in thickness and strength, there is a possibility that an organ is damaged at the tip of the suction tube when sucked by the suction tube.
- the gauze adheres to the organ when dry, and there is a risk of organ damage when the gauze is peeled off, and it is difficult to fold it properly within the abdominal cavity.
- the disadvantage is that it is difficult to wrap or press the wrapping.
- the present inventor has provided a completely new surgical tool in order to solve the problems peculiar to endoscopic surgery, which has not been a problem in laparotomy with a long history.
- the present inventors have eagerly searched for the purpose and completed the present invention.
- the function required for this surgical instrument is not limited to the following, but the first function is a temporary liquid storage function for sucking and removing blood and exudate during a surgical operation under the microscope.
- the second function is a function for securing a physical space for surgery and a sufficient visual field.
- the third function is an organ protection function. It is an object of the present invention to provide a completely new surgical tool for endoscopic surgery having these functions.
- the present invention is a surgical tool intended to be used inside the body only during a surgical operation under the microscope, and is assumed to be removed from the body when the surgical purpose is completed. It is said. Therefore, the invention belongs to a technical field that is completely different from, for example, a wound dressing material, a tissue adhesion prevention material, etc. (for example, JP-T-2006-519633), which is premised on leaving in the body after surgery.
- an interorgan spacer for endoscopic surgery characterized in that it comprises liquid-retaining means comprising a porous soft material having temporary liquid storage properties and shape retention properties. it can.
- a porous soft material a flexible polyurethane foam is preferable.
- the present invention also relates to a tool for inserting the inter-organ spacer into the body, which includes a cylindrical storage portion that can store the inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery.
- a tool for inserting the inter-organ spacer into the body which includes a cylindrical storage portion that can store the inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery.
- the inter-organ spacer that can be inserted from one end side of the cylindrical storage portion and is stored in the cylindrical storage portion is connected to the other side of the cylindrical storage portion.
- Extruding means can be further included that can be extruded from the end of the.
- the insertion tool of the present invention can further include a funnel portion that can be provided at one end of the cylindrical storage portion. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an endoscopic surgical kit including the inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery and the insertion tool.
- the endoscopic operation means an operation performed in a chest or abdominal operation while viewing an image projected by an endoscope (for example, a thoracoscope or a laparoscope) inserted in the chest cavity or abdominal cavity on a monitor.
- an endoscope for example, a thoracoscope or a laparoscope
- several thin tubes (trocars) of about 5 to 15 mm that are necessary for the operation are inserted without cutting the abdomen, and the abdominal cavity is inserted through these tubes.
- Surgery is performed by inserting and removing thin forceps (a device that sandwiches and holds organs) that has been developed for mirrors and endoscopic surgery.
- a small incision of about 5 cm is often placed at the time of organ excision, removal, and anastomosis (joining), which is called laparoscopic-assisted surgery. Included in lower surgery.
- inter-organ spacer of the present invention it is possible to solve various problems peculiar to endoscopic surgery at one time, for example, (1) Avoidance of visual field damage due to bleeding (2) Buffer of force to hold down organs and tissues (3) Avoidance of organ damage due to transmission of heat and vibration waves and avoidance of secondary damage when using automatic suturing device (4) Anticipation It is possible to obtain an advantageous effect such as compression hemostasis (5) exudate (mainly blood) suction against bleeding.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is interposed between the organ / tissue to be exfoliated and the electrosurgical knife or ultrasonic coagulation / cutting device, or the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is placed in front of an important organ. Therefore, it is possible to avoid transmission of unnecessary heat and vibration waves and to prevent secondary damage.
- an automatic suturing device is often used when organs or tissues are separated. At that time, there is a possibility that adjacent organs / tissues may be involved and damaged, but by interposing the inter-organ spacer of the present invention in between, secondary damage can be avoided.
- the basis of hemostasis is compression hemostasis.
- the accumulated leachate is usually sucked using a suction tube.
- the surrounding tissue may be drawn into the suction tube together, and the exudate may not be successfully sucked.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is used, the exudate absorbed immediately can be sucked through the retention means, and the exudate can be efficiently removed.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows typically the one aspect
- the inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery includes at least liquid retaining means made of a porous soft material having temporary liquid storage properties and shape retention properties, and is provided, for example, on the surface of the liquid retention means as desired.
- a gripping cord (preferably a gripping cord containing an X-ray contrast medium) that can be used, or an X-ray contrast medium can be further included inside the liquid retaining means.
- the liquid retaining means which is the main part of the inter-organ spacer of the present invention, has a temporary liquid storage function, and also has functions of securing a space and protecting the organ.
- the porous soft material used for forming the liquid retaining means in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having at least a temporary liquid storage property and a shape retaining property, and further has flexibility. Is preferred.
- temporary liquid storage means (1) liquid absorption that can absorb blood or exudate during surgery, and (2) even if an external action is applied to the liquid retaining means during surgery (for example, (Moving during operation, contact with organs), liquid retaining ability to sufficiently retain absorbed blood, and (3) liquid retaining means by suction or the like for absorbing blood or the like absorbed in the liquid retaining means This means that it has a liquid separating property (liquid discharging property) that can be discharged from the water.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention can be allowed to perform a draining operation with a suction tube or the like after the blood or the like is once sucked into the liquid retaining means and then held for a while, or By disposing a liquid retaining means at the tip and sucking in that state, blood or the like can also be sucked and removed through the liquid retaining means.
- the liquid absorptivity can be evaluated by, for example, a liquid absorption capacity against its own weight or a liquid absorption rate when a predetermined amount of solution is absorbed.
- the liquid absorptivity of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 100% to 5000% of its own weight (1 to 50 times its own weight) when the liquid absorption capacity for its own weight is used as an index.
- the effect of absorbing the liquid over the volume appears, and when the sponge is put into the body, the liquid such as body fluid interferes with the surgical space, or the body fluid etc. There is an advantage that the liquid does not overflow outside the body.
- the lower limit of liquid absorbency is more preferably 150% of its own weight, still more preferably 200%, and particularly preferably 300%. Moreover, an upper limit becomes like this. More preferably, it is 3000%, More preferably, it is 2000%, Most preferably, it is 1000%.
- the liquid absorbency is a value measured by the procedure described below. That is, (1) Measure the weight (Wd) of a subject (eg, sponge) before being immersed in artificial blood, (2) Immerse in artificial blood for 3 minutes (soak the entire sponge in water and absorb water from the entire surface of the sponge as much as possible), then place it on a wire mesh for 30 seconds to let it drop naturally. Then, the weight (Ww) of the subject after water absorption is measured. (3) The following formula: (Ww ⁇ Wd) ⁇ Wd ⁇ 100 (%) Thus, the liquid absorption (%) is calculated by dividing the increased weight by the weight before liquid absorption.
- the liquid absorption property of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 40% to 100%.
- the lower limit of liquid absorbency is more preferably 60%, still more preferably 80%, still more preferably 85%, and particularly preferably 90%.
- This liquid absorbency is a value measured by the procedure described below. That is, artificial blood is sufficiently sucked into a sample (cuboid shape, 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 20 mm) and sufficiently squeezed. A lid of a disposable petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm is placed on a table with the inside up, and 20 mL of artificial blood is put therein.
- the liquid retention property of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 90 to 100%, more preferably 92 to 100%, more preferably 94 to 100%, and still more preferably 97 to 100%. It is.
- the liquid retention is a value measured by the following procedure. That is, (1) Measure the weight (Wd) of the subject before liquid absorption, (2) The artificial blood is sufficiently sucked into the subject, and the weight (Ww) is measured in the sucked state. (3) The sucked subject is placed on a plate, and the plate is placed at 45 °. After standing for 3 minutes in a tilted state, the weight (W 3 ) is measured. (4) The following formula: (W 3 ⁇ Wd) ⁇ (Ww ⁇ Wd) ⁇ 100 (%) The value obtained in step 1 is defined as liquid retention (%).
- the liquid releasing property of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 100%, more preferably 15 to 100%, still more preferably 20 to 100%, still more preferably 40 to 100%. More preferably, it is 60 to 100%, and more preferably 65 to 100%.
- a porous soft material having a liquid separating property of 80 to 100% or 85 to 100% can also be used.
- the liquid separating property is a value measured by the following procedure. That is, (1) Measure the weight (Wd) of the subject before liquid absorption, (2) The artificial blood is sufficiently sucked into the subject, and the weight (Ww) is measured in the sucked state. (3) The sucked subject is placed on a plate, and a suction fistula is attached. The sample is pressed against the center of the subject, and the weight (Ws) after suction for 1 minute is measured by the suction ability of ⁇ 600 to ⁇ 650 mmHg ( ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 85 kPa). (4) The following formula: (Ww ⁇ Ws) ⁇ (Ww ⁇ Wd) ⁇ 100 (%) The value obtained in step 4 is defined as liquid separation (%).
- the low liquid separation property means that the liquid separation property measured by the measurement method is less than 40%
- the high liquid separation property means that it is 40% or more.
- shape retention means that the shape of the present invention is substantially the same even when various external pressures expected during endoscopic surgery are applied after inserting the inter-organ spacer of the present invention into the body. It means the property that can be retained.
- the external pressure include a pressure applied during a draining operation using a suction tube, a pressure applied when moving an inter-organ spacer, a pressure applied when securing a surgical space, and a pressure applied when protecting an organ. Can do.
- the shape retention can be evaluated by, for example, compression residual strain.
- the compressive residual strain of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
- the compression residual strain means a value measured based on JIS K 6400: 1997.
- the outline is that the thickness of the central part of the test piece (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 20 mm) is measured to 0.1 mm using a caliper without deforming the foam (t 0 ). Subsequently, the thickness of the test piece is compressed to 50% using two compression plates. Place in a constant temperature bath at a temperature of 70 ⁇ 1 ° C. in a compressed state within at least 15 minutes and heat for 22 hours. The test apparatus is taken out of the thermostatic bath, and the test piece is taken out from the compression plate within 1 minute and placed on a material having low thermal conductivity such as wood.
- the term “flexibility” means surface properties that do not damage an organ when it comes into contact with the organ.
- the flexibility can be evaluated by, for example, hardness or rebound resilience measured based on JIS K 6400 or according to the same.
- the hardness of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 200 N.
- the lower limit of the hardness is more preferably 15N, still more preferably 20N, and particularly preferably 25N.
- the upper limit of the hardness is more preferably 150N, still more preferably 100N.
- the hardness means a value measured by the method described in Example 5 described later, which is performed according to JIS K 6400: 1997. That is, when an object (two 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ 20 mm stacked) is placed on the table of the testing machine and a pressure plate (diameter 33.7 mm) is placed on the upper surface of the sample piece, the load is 0.2N. The thickness is read to 0.1 mm, and this is the initial thickness. Next, after pressing the pressure plate 10 mm at a speed of 100 ⁇ 20 mm per minute, the load is immediately removed, the pressure plate is pushed again to 30 mm at a speed of 100 ⁇ 20 mm, and the load when 20 seconds have passed after the rest is read. .
- the rebound resilience of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 100.
- the lower limit is more preferably 20, and still more preferably 30.
- the impact resilience means a value measured by the method described in Example 6 described later, which is performed according to JIS K 6400: 1997. That is, a steel ball of 5/8 parallel balls specified in JISB1501 is installed at a distance of 476 mm from the subject (two 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ 20 mm), freely dropped, and the top of the steel ball jumped up Measure the top surface. The numerical value is expressed by setting the position of 16 mm from the sample piece to 0 and the position of 476 mm to 100.
- the porous soft material used in the present invention may be deformable, resistant to sterilization, non-adhesiveness, durability, moderate swelling, as desired, in addition to the temporary storage, shape retention and flexibility described above. It is preferable to have indirect liquid absorption.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is a surgical tool intended to be used inside the body only during an endoscopic operation, and is assumed to be taken out of the body when the surgical purpose is completed.
- the porous soft material used in is not required to be biodegradable. Rather, it is preferably non-biodegradable from the viewpoint of strength or cost.
- deformability means a property that can be changed to a shape that allows passage of the trocar when inserted into the body via the trocar. If it has a shape and size that can pass through the trocar without changing the shape, the deformability is not necessarily required.
- the deformability and the shape retention described above seem to contradict each other at first glance.
- the shape retention in the present specification refers to various externalities expected during the endoscopic surgery. This means that the shape can be substantially retained when pressure is applied, whereas the deformability in the present specification is extremely high in order to pass through the trocar as described above.
- the shape is changed by applying a load (that is, a load extremely higher than an external pressure expected during an endoscopic operation). Therefore, deformability and shape retention are not contradictory properties.
- a product can be provided in a sterilized state. Furthermore, by having non-sticking property, sticking to an organ can be prevented.
- the durability can be evaluated by, for example, tensile strength.
- the tensile strength of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 5N or more, more preferably 8N or more, more preferably 10N or more, more preferably 20N or more, and further preferably 23N or more. is there.
- the upper limit becomes like this.
- Preferably it is 200N, More preferably, it is 150N, More preferably, it is 100N, Most preferably, it is 50N.
- the tensile strength means a value measured according to JIS K 6400-5: 2004.
- the outline is that a No. 2 type test piece with a thickness of 1 cm is prepared, pulled at 500 mm per minute, and the maximum load until the test piece is broken is measured.
- the degree of swelling of the porous soft material used in the present invention is preferably 50% to 150%, more preferably 90% to 110%, still more preferably 95% to 105%.
- the degree of swelling means a value measured by the method described in Example 8 described later. That is, 50 mL of artificial blood is put into a 100 mL beaker. Gently drop a sample (approx. 20 mm x 20 mm x 10 mm) whose vertical, horizontal, and height dimensions are measured in advance into a beaker containing artificial blood, leave it for 3 minutes, then gently remove it with tweezers and place it on a wire mesh for 30 seconds. After placing and dropping the artificial blood, the dimensions of the sample are measured again. Following formula: (Vw / Vd) x 100 (%) [Wherein, Vw is the sample volume after liquid absorption, and Vd is the sample volume before liquid absorption] The value obtained in step S is defined as the degree of swelling (%).
- indirect liquid absorbency means the performance evaluated by the method described in Example 9 described later. That is, a sample (cuboid shape, 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ 20 mm) is left still in a 12 cm ⁇ 23 cm ⁇ 5 cm container containing 50 mL of artificial blood, and the upper surface of the sample is repeatedly pushed into the sample to sufficiently introduce artificial blood. Absorb liquid. After confirming that sufficient artificial blood that was not sucked into the sample remained around the sample, the tip of the suction fistula was applied to the center of the sample, and ⁇ 600 to ⁇ 650 mmHg ( ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 85 kPa) Aspirate the artificial blood while pushing in under reduced pressure.
- the suction time is 1 minute, and if artificial blood around the sample is removed within 1 minute, it is determined that the blood has indirect suction, and even after 1 minute of suction, the artificial blood around the sample is removed. If it remains, it is determined that there is no indirect suction.
- the porous soft material is indirectly liquid-absorbing, it is necessary to directly aspirate blood or bile, exudate such as intestinal fluid, or physiological saline used for washing organs, etc. Since the exudate can be removed indirectly via the liquid retaining means, the risk of damaging the tissue or the like can be avoided.
- porous soft material used in the present invention has these various properties, various problems peculiar to the aforementioned endoscopic surgery can be solved. Among these various properties, simply being excellent in liquid absorption and liquid retention is not sufficient as an inter-organ spacer for endoscopic surgery, and in particular, liquid separation, indirect liquid absorption, and Properties such as strength (eg, tensile strength) are important.
- porous soft material used in the present invention examples include various sponges [soft foam (foam)] that can be used for medical purposes.
- sponges soft foam (foam)
- polyurethane low liquid-releasing polyurethane or high liquid-releasing polyurethane
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol
- cellulose polyethylene, etc.
- highly liquid releasing polyurethane is preferable.
- the highly liquid-releasing polyurethane for example, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D, Sample E, Sample b
- Sample B and Sample E are preferable in view of the tensile strength.
- sample B, sample C, and sample D are preferable in view of indirect liquid absorption. Therefore, when all these are judged comprehensively, the sample B is most preferable.
- Table 1 shows various performances of the highly liquid-releasing polyurethane that can be used in the present invention, together with various performances of general polyurethanes that can be used in the present invention.
- column I is a preferred range common to sample B, sample C, sample D, sample E, and sample b
- column II is an update common to sample B, sample C, sample D, and sample E.
- the column III is a further preferred range common to Sample B and Sample E.
- the column IV relates to a general polyurethane.
- low liquid release polyurethane is superior in terms of liquid absorbency, tensile strength, and the like.
- polyvinyl alcohol used for organ pressure relief pads with low liquid release polyurethane
- low liquid release polyurethane is superior in terms of flexibility (for example, hardness, rebound resilience) and compression residual strain.
- cellulose for example, Ope sponge X; white cross
- low-release polyurethane is superior in terms of mechanical strength.
- highly liquid releasing polyurethane is superior.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows one embodiment of the inter-organ spacer of the present invention.
- a plan view, a bottom view, and a side view of the inter-organ spacer shown in FIG. 1 are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, respectively.
- the inter-organ spacer 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a sponge body 1 that functions as a liquid retaining means and a grasping string 2.
- the sponge body 1 has a quadrangular prism shape in which the upper surface 1a and the lower surface 1b are square, and is provided with a pair of through holes 3a and 3b penetrating from the upper surface 1a to the lower surface 1b.
- the string 2 includes an X-ray contrast thread, and has a ring-closing structure that connects a space near the upper surface 1a of the sponge body 1, one through hole 3a, a space near the lower surface 1b, and the other through hole 3b in this order. Become.
- the string 2 can be fixed to the sponge body 1 in the through holes 3a and 3b, or can be left unfixed.
- the length of the approximate arc portion 2a protruding from the upper surface 1a and the length of the approximate linear portion 2b protruding from the lower surface 1b are unchanged during use.
- the respective lengths can be changed before and / or during use.
- the length of the string can be adjusted so that only the portion protruding from one surface (upper surface 1a) (schematic arc portion 2a) functions as a gripping portion (see FIG. 4), or Portions protruding from both surfaces (upper surface 1a and lower surface 1b) can also function as gripping portions.
- the sponge body 1 can function as a spacer for securing a space necessary for the operation by evacuating it without damaging the organ in the endoscopic operation. Further, it can function as a protective material for protecting an organ and an absorbing material for blood or exudate in an endoscopic operation.
- the size of the liquid retaining means (for example, the sponge body) in the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is compressed, wound, folded, or left as it is from the incised portion of the body surface in the endoscopic operation.
- a typical incision in endoscopic surgery is a maximum of 40 mm, usually 5-12 mm, and a minimum of 2 mm.
- the diameter of a general trocar is usually 2 to 30 mm, preferably 5 to 12 mm.
- the size of the liquid retaining means can be appropriately determined according to the size of the incision or the trocar diameter.
- the thickness can generally be selected in the range of 0.5 to 10 cm.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention can be taken out from the body, it can be taken out through an incision or a trocar after being compressed, as it is, or after being cut into a plurality of small pieces with an electric knife or the like.
- the material of the grasping string that can be provided as desired in the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the sponge body can be freely moved by grasping with a forceps during the operation.
- Fiber, soft plastic, hard plastic, metal and the like can be used.
- the grip string can be easily gripped and the sponge body can be moved smoothly.
- a soft material that does not maintain the grip shape is used, the risk of organ damage can be reduced.
- the length of the grasping string in the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be grasped by forceps in order to move the liquid retaining means in an endoscopic operation. From the surface (length L in FIG. 4), preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, more preferably 10 mm to 50 mm.
- the connecting method of the gripping string and the liquid retaining means is It is not particularly limited.
- one or a plurality of through holes are provided in the liquid retaining means, the string is passed through the through hole, and then connected by making a closed ring.
- a method of directly connecting a string to one or a plurality of surfaces of the liquid retaining means by an adhesive means for example, an adhesive tape, an adhesive, or heat fusion.
- a method of connecting by forming a through hole in the sponge body, passing a string through the through hole, and then forming a closed ring is preferable.
- the string can be used as a gripping string in a state where the string is passed through a single layer or a double layer.
- By passing more than double for example, it is possible to increase the contrast intensity displayed during X-ray imaging, or to increase the stability of the inter-organ spacer (the contact area between the grasping cord and the liquid retaining means is increased). By increasing, it is possible to reduce the risk that the liquid retaining means is torn).
- the X-ray contrast agent that can be included in the grasping string in the inter-organ spacer of the present invention for example, barium sulfate or barium sulfate mixed with polyamide, polypropylene, or synthetic rubber is used. it can.
- the method of encapsulating the X-ray contrast medium in the gripping string include a method of forming a gripping string with an X-ray contrast thread and a method of enclosing the X-ray contrast thread in the gripping string.
- a method of forming a sponge after mixing the X-ray contrast agent into the sponge material in addition to using the grasping string, a method of forming a sponge after mixing the X-ray contrast agent into the sponge material, A method of injecting a contrast medium into the sponge, a method of inserting a string, a rod or a sheet containing an X-ray contrast medium into the sponge, a method of attaching a tag containing the X-ray contrast medium, or an X-ray contrast on a stapler
- the method is not particularly limited, for example, a method of adding an agent by attaching or coating it, a method of sewing an X-ray contrast thread created by the same method as that for the gripping string into a sponge, and the like.
- the shape of the liquid retention means (for example, the sponge body) in the inter-organ spacer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for organ exclusion in the endoscopic surgery.
- a prismatic shape whose upper and lower surfaces are polygonal [eg, triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram (preferably rhombus), trapezoid, regular hexagon], Pyramidal shape, truncated truncated pyramid shape, or double pyramid (bottom of two pyramids) whose base is a polygon [eg, triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram (preferably rhombus), trapezoid, regular hexagon]
- a cylindrical shape whose upper and lower surfaces are circles or ovals
- a conical shape whose bottom is a circle or an ellipse, a truncated frustoconical shape, or a bicone (a solid made by bringing two cones into contact with each other)
- a partial cylindrical shape whose upper and lower surfaces are partial circles or partial ellipses [e
- a thin sheet shape, string shape, band shape, or the like cannot form a necessary space between organs, and is not preferable as the shape of the inter-organ spacer of the present invention.
- the partial shape of the ellipsoidal sphere shown in FIG. 5 (for example, one when the ellipsoidal sphere is equally divided into two planes) or the hemisphere is stable when the plane side (1c in FIG. 5) is down.
- the surface (1d in FIG. 5) in contact with the organ is a curved surface, which is preferable.
- the shape changes from an incision site on the body surface (preferably via a trocar) in a compressed state, in a rolled state, or in a folded state. It is possible to insert it in the left or left state. More specifically, for example, in a compressed state in a soft resin bag by a vacuum pack, or by removing from the bag and inserting it into the body, or inserting into the body using the insertion tool of the present invention And a method of changing the form at the time of insertion.
- the insertion tool of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes at least a cylindrical storage part capable of storing the inter-organ spacer of the present invention therein, in addition to the cylindrical storage part, for example, Introducer type insertion tool provided with an extruding means for pushing out the inter-organ spacer in the state of being housed in the tubular housing portion, and a first extractor type comprising a retracting means for retracting the inter-organ spacer into the tubular housing portion
- Introducer type insertion tool provided with an extruding means for pushing out the inter-organ spacer in the state of being housed in the tubular housing portion
- a first extractor type comprising a retracting means for retracting the inter-organ spacer into the tubular housing portion
- An insertion tool, the 2nd extractor type insertion tool etc. which provide a funnel part in one edge part of a cylindrical storage part can be mentioned.
- the shape of the cylindrical storage portion is not particularly limited as long as the inter-organ spacer of the present invention can be compressed, rolled, folded, or stored as it is, for example, And a cylindrical shape whose cross section is a circle or an ellipse, and a cylindrical shape whose cross section is a polygon.
- size of a cylindrical storage part is not specifically limited as long as the whole and a part can be inserted in a trocar.
- the cylindrical storage portion has a cylindrical shape, it can be inserted into the trocar by making the outer diameter of the cylindrical storage portion smaller than the inner diameter of the trocar.
- an introducer type insertion tool provided with a cylindrical storage part and an extrusion means the insertion tool shown in FIG. 6 can be mentioned, for example.
- An introducer-type insertion tool 20 shown in FIG. 6 pushes out an interorgan spacer in a state of being accommodated in a cylindrical storage portion 21 that can store an interorgan spacer (not shown) inside, and in the cylindrical storage portion.
- an extruding means 22 capable of producing the same.
- the pushing means includes a pressing pad 22a that is in direct contact with the inter-organ spacer, a pressing rod 22b that is connected to the pressing pad, and an operation handle 22c that is connected to the other end of the pressing rod.
- the inter-organ spacer can be provided in a state of being inserted into the introducer-type insertion tool in advance, or the inter-organ spacer and the introducer-type insertion tool are provided in a separated state, and the operation under the microscope is performed.
- the inter-organ spacer can be set in the insertion tool.
- the extractor-type insertion tool 30 shown in FIG. 7 includes a cylindrical storage portion 31 that can store an inter-organ spacer (not shown) inside, and a retractor that can retract the inter-organ spacer into the cylindrical storage portion.
- the retracting means 32 includes a gripping portion 32a that can grip the inter-organ spacer, a knob portion 32c for operating the gripping portion, and a connecting portion 32b that connects the gripping portion and the knob portion.
- the connecting portion 32b is also moved in the arrow A direction, the tip of the grasping portion 32a is closed, and the inter-organ spacer can be grasped.
- the knob portion 32 c is further pulled out, the inter-organ spacer held by the holding portion 32 a can be drawn into the cylindrical storage portion 31.
- the inter-organ spacer stored in the cylindrical storage part 31 can be pushed out of the cylindrical storage part 31 by removing the retracting means 32 from the insertion tool 30 and using an appropriate pushing means (not shown) instead. it can.
- the extractor-type insertion tool 40 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 includes a cylindrical storage portion 41 that can store an inter-organ spacer (not shown) inside, and a funnel portion 42 provided at one end portion 41a thereof. .
- the funnel body 42a of the funnel portion 42 shown in FIG. 8 can be stored in the cylindrical storage portion 41 as shown in FIG. 9 by operating the slidable knob portion 42b.
- the inter-organ spacer is stored in the cylindrical storage portion, as shown in FIG. 8, it can be stored in the cylindrical storage portion from the end 41a side by opening the funnel body 42a.
- the extractor-type insertion tool (including the first and second extractor-type insertion tools) of the present invention can be used not only when inserting an inter-organ spacer into the body, but also after the operation. Also in the case of taking out, the inter-organ spacer can be housed in the cylindrical housing portion by the same operation, so that it can be used for both insertion into the body and removal from the body.
- the end 31a on the side where the gripping portion 32a is provided is inserted into the body from an incision site on the body surface (for example, via a trocar), and retracting means By operating 32, the inter-organ spacer can be collected from the body into the cylindrical storage portion 31.
- the end 41a side is inserted into the body from the incision site on the body surface, and the funnel body 42a is opened, so that the inter-organ spacer can be removed from the body. It can be collected in the shape storage part 41.
- the retracting means 32 shown in FIG. 7 from the end 41 b side of the cylindrical storage part 41, the inter-organ spacer can be more easily collected in the cylindrical storage part 41.
- the endoscopic surgical kit of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes the inter-organ spacer of the present invention and the insertion tool of the present invention.
- the microscopic surgical kit of the present invention can be provided with the inter-organ spacer set in the insertion tool from the beginning, or the inter-organ spacer and the insertion tool can be provided separately, An interorgan spacer can be set in the insertion tool during a visual operation. It is preferable to provide the inter-organ spacer in a state where it is set in the insertion tool in that sterilization is possible.
- Example 1 Evaluation of liquid absorbency
- the porous soft material low-release polyurethane (Tough Pongi; Hogi Medical), high-release polyurethane for laparotomy, polyvinyl alcohol (Retractor Pad; Peace Medical Instrument) (Hereinafter referred to as sample set A).
- the low liquid release polyurethane Tuffponge; Hogi Medical; hereinafter referred to as sample A
- samples B to E 4 different high liquid release polyurethanes
- 6 types hereinafter referred to as sample set B
- sample F polyethylene
- Table 2 shows the main performance of each porous soft material used in sample sets A and B. The elongation in Table 2 was measured according to JIS K 6400-5: 2004.
- Example 2 Evaluation of liquid retention >> The weight (Wd, unit g) of the sample (rectangular shape, 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 80 mm) before the artificial blood was absorbed was measured. Artificial blood [Synthetic blood reagent mix, Johnson , Moen & co.] was sufficiently absorbed, and its weight (Ww, unit g) was measured. continue, The sample was placed on a vinyl chloride plate and allowed to stand for 3 minutes with the plate tilted at 45 °, and then the weight of the sample (W 3 , unit g) was measured. The liquid retention is expressed by the following formula: (W 3 ⁇ Wd) ⁇ (Ww ⁇ Wd) ⁇ 100 (%) Calculated by
- sample set A The results for sample set A are shown in Table 5, and the results for sample set B are shown in Table 6, respectively.
- Example 3 Evaluation of liquid separating properties >> The weight (Wd, unit g) of the sample (rectangular shape, 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm) before the artificial blood was absorbed was measured. Artificial blood [Synthetic blood reagent mix, Johnson, Moen & co.] was sufficiently absorbed, then placed on a plastic plate, and its weight (Ww, unit g) was measured. The tip of the Yanker suction was applied to the center of the sample, and artificial blood was aspirated for 1 minute while pushing it in under reduced pressure at ⁇ 600 to ⁇ 650 mmHg ( ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 85 kPa). The sample weight (Ws, unit g) after the suction was measured while being placed on a plastic plate. The liquid releasing property is expressed by the following formula: (Ww ⁇ Ws) ⁇ (Ww ⁇ Wd) ⁇ 100 (%) Calculated by
- sample set A The results for sample set A are shown in Table 7, and the results for sample set B are shown in Table 8, respectively.
- Example 4 Evaluation of compressive residual strain The thickness of the central part of the test piece (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 20 mm) was measured to 0.1 mm with a caliper without deforming the foam (t 0 ). Subsequently, the thickness of the test piece was compressed to 50% using two compression plates. It was put into a thermostat having a temperature of 70 ⁇ 1 ° C. in a compressed state within at least 15 minutes and heated for 22 hours. The test apparatus was taken out of the thermostat, and the test piece was taken out of the compression plate within 1 minute and placed on the vinyl chloride plate. After the specimen was allowed to recover for 30 minutes at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- Example 5 Evaluation of hardness (flexibility) >> A specimen obtained by stacking two 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ 20 mm sample pieces was used. The subject (thickness 40 mm) was placed on a table of a testing machine, and a pressure plate (diameter 33.7 mm) was placed on the upper surface of the sample piece to make the load 0.2 N. Next, after pressing the pressure plate 10 mm at a speed of 100 ⁇ 20 mm per minute, the load was immediately removed, and the pressure plate was again pushed 30 mm at a speed of 100 ⁇ 20 mm, and the load when 20 seconds passed after it was stationary (N) I read. The results for sample set A are shown in Table 11, and the results for sample set B are shown in Table 12, respectively. Three samples were prepared for each material, and the average value of hardness (N) in each sample was calculated.
- Example 6 Evaluation of impact resilience A specimen obtained by stacking two 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ 20 mm sample pieces was used. A 5/8 chromium steel ball defined in JISB1501 was placed at a distance of 476 mm from the subject, and it was allowed to fall freely and the top surface of the steel ball jumped up was measured. A numerical value was obtained by setting the position of 16 mm from the sample piece as 0 and the position of 476 mm as 100. The results for sample set A are shown in Table 13, and the results for sample set B are shown in Table 14, respectively. Three samples were prepared for each material, and the average value of rebound resilience in each sample was calculated.
- Example 7 Evaluation of tensile strength >> In accordance with JIS K 6400-5: 2004, a No. 2 type test piece having a thickness of 1 cm was prepared. The sample was pulled at 500 mm per minute, and the maximum load until the test piece was broken was measured. The results for sample set A are shown in Table 15, and the results for sample set B are shown in Table 16, respectively. Three (sample set A) or five (sample set B) samples were prepared for each material, and the average value of tensile strength (N) in each sample was calculated.
- Example 8 Evaluation of swelling degree >> Synthetic blood reagent in a 100 mL beaker mix, Johnson, Moen & co.] 50 mL was added. Gently drop a sample (approx. 20 mm x 20 mm x 10 mm) whose vertical, horizontal, and height dimensions are measured in advance into a beaker containing artificial blood, leave it for 3 minutes, then gently remove it with tweezers and place it on a wire mesh for 30 seconds. After placing and dropping the artificial blood, the dimensions of the sample were measured again.
- the degree of swelling is the following formula: (Vw / Vd) x 100 (%) [Wherein, Vw is the sample volume after liquid absorption, and Vd is the sample volume before liquid absorption] Calculated by The results for sample set B are shown in Table 17. Three samples were prepared for each material, and the average value of the degree of swelling (%) in each sample was calculated.
- Example 9 Evaluation of indirect liquid absorption >> Place the sample (cuboid shape, 80 mm x 80 mm x 20 mm) in a 12 cm x 23 cm x 5 cm container containing 50 mL of artificial blood, and repeatedly push the upper surface of the sample to sufficiently absorb artificial blood into the sample. I let you. After confirming that sufficient artificial blood that was not sucked into the sample remained around the sample, the tip of the suction fistula was applied to the center of the sample, and ⁇ 600 to ⁇ 650 mmHg ( ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 85 kPa) The artificial blood was aspirated while pushing in under reduced pressure.
- Example 10 Production of Interorgan Spacer The inter-organ spacer of the present invention was prepared by cutting out the low liquid release polyurethane and the high liquid release polyurethane used in the evaluation of Examples 1 to 9 into the following shapes and sizes.
- the shapes (1), (2), (6), and (7) can be inserted into the cylindrical storage portion by being pushed from one end of the cylindrical storage portion having an inner diameter of 11 mm while being deformed by hand. did it.
- (A) rectangular parallelepiped (1), (2), (3), (C) disk-shaped (1), (2), (3) are deformed by hand. In this state, it was confirmed that the tube was inserted into the cylindrical storage portion by pushing from one end of the cylindrical storage portion having an inner diameter of 11 mm.
- (A) rectangular parallelepiped (3), (4), (11), (12), (B) cubic (2), (C) disk-shaped (3), (4), (11 ) And (12) could be inserted into a cylindrical storage portion having an inner diameter of 15 mm in the same manner.
- the inter-organ spacer of the present invention can be applied for use in endoscopic surgery.
- this invention was demonstrated along the specific aspect, the deformation
Abstract
Description
・術創が小さく、美容面に優れ、術後の創痛も少ない。
・腹腔鏡による拡大視効果があり、繊細な手技が可能で出血が少ない。
等の利点があり、その低侵襲性から目覚ましい発展をしてきた。しかし、その反面、鏡視下手術の問題点としては、
・一旦出血すると、視野が悪くなり、開腹手術よりも止血が難しい。
・気腹のために二酸化炭素ガスを腹腔内に注入することが一般に行われているが、術中の浸出液や出血を吸引すると、腹腔内ガス(CO2)も同時に吸引され、視野の保持が困難になるため、開腹術に比べて、吸引が難しい。
・モニターが2次元であるため、視野の奥側の臓器の把握が困難であり、臓器を傷つける可能性がある。
・直に手指で臓器を触知できず、硬い鉗子を用いて操作するため、臓器を愛護的に扱いにくい。
等の問題点が挙げられる。これらの問題点は、消化器外科のみならず婦人科や泌尿器科領域を含め、全ての腹腔内臓器における鏡視下手術で共通している。
この手術用具に求められる機能は、以下に限定されるものではないが、第1の機能は、鏡視下手術中の血液や浸出液を吸引除去するための一時的貯液機能である。第2の機能は、手術のための物理的スペースと充分な視野の確保機能である。第3の機能は、臓器の保護機能である。本発明の課題は、これらの機能を有する、鏡視下手術用の全く新しい手術用具を提供することにある。
本発明の挿入具の好ましい態様によれば、前記筒状収納部の一方の端部側から挿入可能であり、筒状収納部に収納されている前記臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部のもう一方の端部から押し出すことのできる押出手段を更に含むことができる。
本発明の挿入具の別の好ましい態様によれば、臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部内に引込むことのできる引込手段を更に含むことができる。
本発明の挿入具の更に別の好ましい態様によれば、筒状収納部の一方の端部に設けることのできる漏斗部を更に含むことができる。
更に、本発明は、前記鏡視下手術用臓器間スペーサーと、前記挿入具とを含む、鏡視下手術用キットに関する。
(1)出血による視野障害の回避
(2)臓器や組織を押さえつける力の緩衝
(3)熱や振動波の伝達による臓器損傷の回避と自動縫合器使用時の副損傷の回避
(4)予期せぬ出血に対する圧迫止血
(5)浸出液(主に血液)吸引
などの有利な効果を得ることができる。
また、鏡視下手術では、臓器や組織の切離に際し、自動縫合器を用いて行うことが多い。その際、隣接した臓器・組織を巻き込んで損傷してしまう可能性があるが、本発明の臓器間スペーサーを間に介在させておくことによって、副損傷を避けることができる。
1・・・スポンジ本体;2・・・把持用紐;3・・・貫通孔;
20・・・イントロデューサー型挿入具;21・・・筒状収納部;22・・・押出手段;30・・・エキストラクター型挿入具;31・・・筒状収納部;32・・・引込手段;
40・・・エキストラクター型挿入具;41・・・筒状収納部;42・・・漏斗部。
なお、本発明の臓器間スペーサーは、血液等を保液手段に一旦吸液させた後、そのまま、しばらく保持した後、吸引管等による排出操作を実施させることもできるし、あるいは、吸引管の先端に保液手段を配置し、その状態で吸引することにより、保液手段越しに血液等を吸引除去することもできる。
(1)人工血液に浸す前の被検体(例えば、スポンジ)の重量(Wd)を測定し、
(2)3分間人工血液に浸した(水中にスポンジ全体を浸積させ、できるだけスポンジの全表面から水を吸収させる)後、30秒間金網に載せて自然にまかせて余分な人工血液を滴下させ、吸水後の被検体の重量(Ww)を測定する。
(3)下記式:
(Ww-Wd)÷Wd×100(%)
により、増加した重量を吸液前の重量で除することにより、吸液性(%)を算出する。
この吸液性は、以下に述べる手順により測定した値である。すなわち、サンプル(直方体形状、50mm×50mm×20mm)に、人工血液を充分に吸液させ、充分に絞っておく。直径9cmのディスポーザブルシャーレの蓋を、裏返した状態で卓上に置き、その中に人工血液20mLを入れる。充分に絞っておいたサンプルを入れ、シャーレの本体底面でサンプルを5回押す。なお、サンプルを押す際は、サンプルが収縮しなくなるところまで押し、押す間隔は1秒間に約1回の割合とする。サンプルを取り出し、シャーレ蓋に残った人工血液の液量(V、単位mL)を測定する。下記式:
(20mL-V)/20mL×100(%)
により、吸液性(%)を算出する。
前記保液性は、以下の手順により測定した値である。すなわち、
(1)吸液前の被検体の重量(Wd)を測定し、
(2)被検体に人工血液を充分に吸液させ、吸液させた状態にて重量(Ww)を測定し、(3)吸液させた被検体を板上に置き、その板を45°に傾けた状態で3分間静置した後に、重量(W3)を測定する。
(4)下記式:
(W3-Wd)÷(Ww-Wd)×100(%)
で求められる値を保液性(%)とする。
(1)吸液前の被検体の重量(Wd)を測定し、
(2)被検体に人工血液を充分に吸液させ、吸液させた状態にて重量(Ww)を測定し、(3)吸液させた被検体を板上に乗せ、吸引用嘴管を被検体の中央に押し当て、-600~-650mmHg(-80~-85kPa)の吸引能力により1分間吸引した後の重量(Ws)を測定する。
(4)下記式:
(Ww-Ws)÷(Ww-Wd)×100(%)
で求められる値を離液性(%)とする。
前記保形性は、例えば、圧縮残留歪みによって評価することができる。
下記式:
(to-t1)÷to×100(%)
[式中、toは圧縮前の厚さであり、t1は圧縮後の厚さである]
で求められる値を圧縮残留歪み(%)とする。
本明細書において、反発弾性とは、JIS K 6400:1997に準じて実施する、後述の実施例6に記載の方法で測定した値を意味する。すなわち、被検体(80×80×20mmを2枚重ねたもの)から476mm上の距離にJISB1501に規定される5/8並球の鋼球を設置し、自由落下させ、跳ね上がった鋼球の最上面を測定する。サンプル片から16mmの位置を0として、476mmの位置を100として、数値化する。
前記耐久性は、例えば、引張り強度により評価することができる。本発明で用いる多孔性軟質材料の引張り強度は、好ましくは5N以上であり、より好ましくは8N以上であり、より好ましくは10N以上であり、より好ましくは20N以上であり、更に好ましくは23N以上である。また、その上限は、好ましくは200Nであり、より好ましくは150Nであり、更に好ましくは100Nであり、特に好ましくは50Nである。
本明細書において、膨潤度とは、後述の実施例8に記載の方法で測定した値を意味する。すなわち、100mL容ビーカーに人工血液50mLを入れる。縦、横、高さの寸法を予め測定したサンプル(約20mm×20mm×10mm)を、人工血液を入れたビーカーに静かに落とし、3分間放置後、ピンセットで静かに取り出し、金網上に30秒間置いて人工血液を滴下させた後、再び、サンプルの寸法を測定する。
下記式:
(Vw/Vd)×100(%)
[式中、Vwは、吸液後のサンプル体積であり、Vdは、吸液前のサンプル体積である]
で求められる値を膨潤度(%)とする。
多孔性軟質材料が間接的吸液性を示すと、吸引除去対象である血液あるいは胆汁、腸液などの浸出液、もしくは臓器を洗浄する等のために用いる生理食塩水等を直接的に吸引する必要がなくなり、保液手段を介して間接的に浸出液を除去できるため、組織等を傷つける危険性を回避することができる。
図1に示す臓器間スペーサー10は、保液手段として機能するスポンジ本体1と、把持用紐2とからなる。スポンジ本体1は、上面1a及び下面1bが正方形である四角柱形状であり、上面1aから下面1bに貫通する一対の貫通孔3a、3bが設けられている。紐2は、X線造影糸を含んでおり、スポンジ本体1の上面1aの近傍空間、一方の貫通孔3a内、下面1bの近傍空間、もう一方の貫通孔3b内をこの順に結ぶ閉環構造からなる。
紐は一重または二重以上に通した状態で把持用紐とすることができる。二重以上に通すことにより、例えば、X線撮影の際に映し出される造影の強度を上げることができ、あるいは、臓器間スペーサーに対する安定感を上げる(把持用紐と保液手段との接触面積が増加することにより、保液手段が引き裂かれるリスクを低減することができる)などの効果を期待することができる。なお、二重以上に通す場合には、前記効果とコストの面から、特に二重にすることが好ましい。
また、X線造影剤の機能を本発明の臓器間スペーサーに持たせるためには、前記把持用紐を用いる他、スポンジ原料にX線造影剤を混ぜた後スポンジを形成させる方法や、X線造影剤をスポンジ内部に注入させる方法や、X線造影剤を含んだ紐、棒、シートをスポンジ内部に挿入させる方法や、X線造影剤を含んだタグを付ける方法や、ステープラーにX線造影剤を添付やコーティング等させて付け加える方法や、前記把持用紐と同様の方法にて作成したX線造影糸をスポンジに縫い込む方法など、特にその方法は限定しない。
上面及び下面が多角形[例えば、三角形、正方形、長方形、平行四辺形(好ましくは菱形)、台形、正六角形]である角柱形状、
底面が多角形[例えば、三角形、正方形、長方形、平行四辺形(好ましくは菱形)、台形、正六角形]である角錐形状、切頭(truncated)角錐台形状、若しくは双角錐(2つの角錐の底面同士を接触させてできる立体)形状、
上面及び下面が円若しくは楕円である円柱形状、
底面が円又は楕円である円錐形状、切頭円錐台形状、若しくは双円錐(2つの円錐を底面同士を接触させてできる立体)形状、
上面及び下面が部分円若しくは部分楕円[例えば、半円、半楕円、扇形、弓形(円弧と弦に囲まれた形状)]である部分円柱形状、
底面が部分円若しくは部分楕円[例えば、半円、半楕円、扇形、弓形(円弧と弦に囲まれた形状)]である部分円錐形状、部分切頭円錐台形状、若しくは部分双円錐形状、
球体若しくはその部分形状[半球体、球冠(球体を1つの平面で切断して生じる立体の各々)、球帯(球体を、平行する2平面で切断した際に、前記2平面間に生じる立体)]、楕円球体(若しくは卵形状)若しくはその部分形状、
正八面体(正三角形8面からなる)、正十二面体(正五角形1b面からなる)、若しくは正二十面体(正三角形20面からなる)
等を挙げることができる。なお、薄いシート状、紐状、帯状などの形状は、臓器間に必要なスペースを形成することができず、本発明の臓器間スペーサーの形状としては好ましくない。
図5に示す楕円球体の部分形状(例えば、楕円球体を平面で2つに等分割した場合の一方)や、半球体は、平面側(図5における1c)を下にした場合に、安定性に優れていると共に、臓器と接触する面(図5における1d)が曲面となるため、好ましい。
あるいは、図8及び図9に示すエキストラクター型挿入具の場合、端部41a側を、体表面の切開箇所から体内に挿入し、漏斗本体42aを開放することにより、体内から臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部41内に回収することができる。この場合、図7に示す引込手段32を筒状収納部41の端部41b側から挿入することにより、より容易に、臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部41内に回収することができる。
本実施例及び以下の各実施例では、多孔性軟質材料として、低離液性ポリウレタン(タフポンジ;ホギメディカル)、開腹手術用の高離液性ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール(レトラクターパッド;平和医療器械)の3種類(以下、サンプルセットAと称する)を使用した。
また、別のサンプルセットとして、前記低離液性ポリウレタン(タフポンジ;ホギメディカル。以下、サンプルAと称することがある)、異なる4種類の高離液性ポリウレタン(以下、サンプルB~Eと称することがある)、ポリエチレン(以下、サンプルFと称することがある)の6種類(以下、サンプルセットBと称する)を使用した。サンプルセットA及びBで用いた各多孔性軟質材料の主な性能を表2に示す。なお、表2における伸びは、JIS K 6400-5:2004に従って、測定した。
人工血液に浸す前のサンプル(直方体形状、20mm×20mm×10mm)の重量(Wd、単位g)を測定した。続いて、人工血液[Synthetic blood reagent mix、 Johnson、 Moen&co.]50mLを入れた100mL容ビーカーに、前記サンプルを静かに落とし、3分間放置した後、ピンセットで静かに取り出し、金網上に30秒間置いて人工血液を滴下させた。サンプルを別のビーカーに入れ、その重量(Ww、単位g)を測定した。
吸液性は、下記式:
(Ww-Wd)÷Wd×100(%)
により算出した。
サンプル(直方体形状、50mm×50mm×20mm)は、人工血液を充分に吸液させた後、充分に絞っておいた。直径9cmのディスポーザブルシャーレの蓋を、裏返した状態で卓上に置き、その中に人工血液20mLを入れた。充分に絞っておいたサンプルを入れ、シャーレの本体底面でサンプルを5回押した。なお、サンプルを押す際は、サンプルが収縮しなくなるところまで押し、押す間隔は1秒間に約1回の割合とした。サンプルを取り出し、シャーレ蓋に残った人工血液の液量(V、単位mL)を測定した。
吸液性は、下記式:
(20mL-V)/20mL×100(%)
により算出した。
人工血液を吸液させる前のサンプル(直方体形状、20mm×20mm×80mm)の重量(Wd、単位g)を測定した。人工血液[Synthetic blood reagent mix、 Johnson
、 Moen&co.]を充分に吸液させた後、その重量(Ww、単位g)を測定した。続いて、
塩化ビニル製の板の上に置き、板を45°に傾けた状態で3分間静置した後、サンプルの重量(W3、単位g)を測定した。
保液性は、下記式:
(W3-Wd)÷(Ww-Wd)×100(%)
により算出した。
人工血液を吸液させる前のサンプル(直方体形状、20mm×50mm×50mm)の重量(Wd、単位g)を測定した。人工血液[Synthetic blood reagent mix、 Johnson、 Moen&co.]を充分に吸液させた後、プラスチック製の板の上に置き、その重量(Ww、単位g)を測定した。ヤンカーサクションの先端をサンプル中央部に当て、-600~-650mmHg(-80~-85kPa)で減圧下、押し込みながら1分間、人工血液を吸引した。吸引後のサンプル重量(Ws、単位g)をプラスチック製板に載せたまま、測定した。
離液性は、下記式:
(Ww-Ws)÷(Ww-Wd)×100(%)
により算出した。
試験片(50mm×50mm×20mm)の中央部の厚さを、フォームを変形させない状態でノギスを用いて0.1mmまで測定した(t0)。続いて、試験片を2枚の圧縮板を用いて試験片の厚さを50%まで圧縮させた。少なくとも15分以内に圧縮状態のまま温度70±1℃の恒温槽中に入れ、22時間加熱した。試験装置を恒温槽から取り出して、1分以内に試験片を圧縮板から取り出し、塩化ビニル板の上に置いた。試験片を温度23±2℃、相対湿度50±5%(16時間以上調整した槽内)で30分間放置し回復させた後、同じ箇所の厚さを0.1mmまで測定した(t1)。
圧縮残留歪み(%)は、下記式:
(to-t1)÷to×100(%)
で計算した。
80×80×20mmのサンプル片を2枚重ねたものを被検体とした。前記被検体(厚さ40mm)を試験機の台上に置き、加圧板(直径33.7mm)をサンプル片の上面に載せて荷重を0.2Nにした。次に加圧板を毎分100±20mmの速さで10mm押し込んだ後、直ちに荷重を除き、再び加圧板を100±20mmの速さで30mm押し込み、静止後20秒経過した時の荷重(N)を読み取った。
サンプルセットAに関する結果を表11に、サンプルセットBに関する結果を表12に、それぞれ示す。各材料について3つのサンプルを用意し、各サンプルにおける硬さ(N)の平均値を算出した。
80×80×20mmのサンプル片を2枚重ねたものを被検体とした。前記被検体から476mm上の距離にJISB1501に規定される5/8クロム鋼球を設置し、自由落下させ、跳ね上がった鋼球の最上面を測定した。サンプル片から16mmの位置を0として、476mmの位置を100として、数値化した。
サンプルセットAに関する結果を表13に、サンプルセットBに関する結果を表14に、それぞれ示す。各材料について3つのサンプルを用意し、各サンプルにおける反発弾性の平均値を算出した。
JIS K 6400-5:2004に従って、厚さ1cmで2号型の試験片を作製した。毎分500mmで引張り、試験片が破断されるまでの最大荷重を測定した。
サンプルセットAに関する結果を表15に、サンプルセットBに関する結果を表16に、それぞれ示す。各材料について3つ(サンプルセットA)又は5つ(サンプルセットB)のサンプルを用意し、各サンプルにおける引張り強度(N)の平均値を算出した。
100mL容ビーカーに人工血液[Synthetic blood reagent
mix,Johnson, Moen&co.]50mLを入れた。縦、横、高さの寸法を予め測定したサンプル(約20mm×20mm×10mm)を、人工血液を入れたビーカーに静かに落とし、3分間放置後、ピンセットで静かに取り出し、金網上に30秒間置いて人工血液を滴下させた後、再び、サンプルの寸法を測定した。
膨潤度は、下記式:
(Vw/Vd)×100(%)
[式中、Vwは、吸液後のサンプル体積であり、Vdは、吸液前のサンプル体積である]
により算出した。
サンプルセットBに関する結果を表17に示す。各材料について3つのサンプルを用意し、各サンプルにおける膨潤度(%)の平均値を算出した。
人工血液50mLを入れた12cm×23cm×5cmの容器に、サンプル(直方体形状、80mm×80mm×20mm)を静置し、サンプルの上面を繰り返し押し込むことにより、前記サンプルに人工血液を充分に吸液させた。サンプルの周りに、サンプルに吸液されなかった人工血液が充分に残っていることを確認した後、吸引嘴管の先端をサンプル中央部に当て、-600~-650mmHg(-80~-85kPa)で減圧下、押し込みながら、人工血液を吸引した。サンプル中及びサンプル周辺の人工血液の全量が、充分に時間をかけて吸引したとき、除去されるか否かを確認した。
結果を表18に示す。なお、前記時間は1分間とし、表中に示す記号[-]は、1分間の吸引の後でも、サンプル周辺の人工血液が除去されずに残っていたことを意味する。
実施例1~9の評価に使用した低離液性ポリウレタン及び高離液性ポリウレタンを、以下の形状及びサイズに切り出すことにより、本願発明の臓器間スペーサーを作製した。
(A)直方体形状:縦×横×厚さの長さ
(1)50mm×50mm×5mm、(2)50mm×50mm×10mm、
(3)50mm×50mm×20mm、(4)50mm×50mm×30mm、
(5)50mm×50mm×50mm、
(6)80mm×80mm×5mm、(7)80mm×80mm×10mm、
(8)80mm×80mm×20mm、(9)80mm×80mm×30mm、
(10)80mm×80mm×50mm、
(11)100mm×100mm×5mm、(12)100mm×100mm×10mm、
(13)100mm×100mm×20mm、(14)100mm×100mm×30mm、
(15)100mm×100mm×50mm
(B)立方体形状:1辺の長さ
(1)20mm、(2)30mm、(3)40mm、(4)50mm、
(5)80mm、(6)100mm
(C)円盤形状:直径×厚さ
(1)直径50mm×厚さ5mm、(2)直径50mm×厚さ10mm、
(3)直径50mm×厚さ20mm、(4)直径50mm×厚さ30mm、
(5)直径50mm×厚さ50mm、
(6)直径80mm×厚さ5mm、(7)直径80mm×厚さ10mm、
(8)直径80mm×厚さ20mm、(9)直径80mm×厚さ30mm、
(10)直径80mm×厚さ100mm、
(11)直径100mm×厚さ5mm、(12)直径100mm×厚さ10mm、
(13)直径100mm×厚さ20mm、(14)直径100mm×厚さ30mm、
(15)直径100mm×厚さ50mm
また、(A)直方体形状の(3)、(4)、(11)、(12)、(B)立方体形状の(2)、(C)円盤形状の(3)、(4)、(11)、(12)について、同様にして、内径15mmの筒状収納部内に挿入することができた。
以上、本発明を特定の態様に沿って説明したが、当業者に自明の変形や改良は本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (7)
- 一時貯液性と保形性とを有する多孔性軟質材料からなる保液手段を含むことを特徴とする、鏡視下手術用の臓器間スペーサー。
- 前記多孔質性軟質材料が、軟質ポリウレタンフォームである、請求項1に記載の臓器間スペーサー。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の鏡視下手術用臓器間スペーサーを収納可能な筒状収納部を含むことを特徴とする、前記臓器間スペーサーの体内への挿入具。
- 前記筒状収納部の一方の端部側から挿入可能であり、筒状収納部に収納されている前記臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部のもう一方の端部から押し出すことのできる押出手段を更に含む、請求項3に記載の挿入具。
- 臓器間スペーサーを筒状収納部内に引込むことのできる引込手段を更に含む、請求項3又は4に記載の挿入具。
- 筒状収納部の一方の端部に設けることのできる漏斗部を更に含む、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の挿入具。
- 請求項1に記載の鏡視下手術用臓器間スペーサーと、請求項3~6のいずれか一項に記載の挿入具とを含む、鏡視下手術用キット。
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RU2010131619/14A RU2515532C2 (ru) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | Межорганная прокладка для применения в эндоскопической хирургии |
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US12/810,997 US8944991B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | Inter-organ spacer for use in endoscopic surgery |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010150874A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | 学校法人日本医科大学 | 手術用臓器間スペーサー |
WO2012133295A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | 株式会社ジェイ・エム・エス | 造影剤を含む生体吸収性癒着防止材 |
JP2018015361A (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | 医療用発泡ポリウレタンシート及びその使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2008344315A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
JP2011139905A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2233101A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
JP4849285B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
CN102600022A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
US8944991B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
RU2515532C2 (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
MY163155A (en) | 2017-08-15 |
AU2008344315B2 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
JP2011120952A (ja) | 2011-06-23 |
EP2233101A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
JPWO2009084688A1 (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
CN101917922A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
JP5822210B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 |
EP2233101B1 (en) | 2023-05-17 |
JP4936205B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2710961A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
KR20100110844A (ko) | 2010-10-13 |
RU2010131619A (ru) | 2012-02-10 |
JP2013163031A (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
CA2710961C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
US20100286474A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
JP5257956B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
CN101917922B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
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