WO2009084367A1 - 真空断熱材用芯材、真空断熱材、および、これらの製造方法 - Google Patents
真空断熱材用芯材、真空断熱材、および、これらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009084367A1 WO2009084367A1 PCT/JP2008/072008 JP2008072008W WO2009084367A1 WO 2009084367 A1 WO2009084367 A1 WO 2009084367A1 JP 2008072008 W JP2008072008 W JP 2008072008W WO 2009084367 A1 WO2009084367 A1 WO 2009084367A1
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- core material
- nonwoven fabric
- heat insulating
- fibers
- vacuum heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/067—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
- F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a core material for a vacuum heat insulating material, a vacuum heat insulating material, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a vacuum heat insulating material is generally obtained by filling a core material made of an inorganic material into an outer packaging material, sealing the outer packaging material, and maintaining the inside of the outer packaging material in a reduced pressure state.
- the core material of such a vacuum heat insulating material is formed using the glass wool which consists of the glass fiber manufactured by the flame method or the centrifugation method among inorganic materials.
- the vacuum heat insulating material described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-265038 uses, as a core material, a laminate of a plurality of inorganic fiber sheets obtained by wet-making glass wool made of glass fibers as inorganic fibers.
- the shot content ratio of the particle diameter of 30 ⁇ m or more in the inorganic fiber is 0.1% by mass or less, the average fiber diameter in the inorganic fiber is 0.2 to 6 ⁇ m, and the inorganic fiber is horizontal to the sheet surface. Arranged in the direction.
- Patent Document 2 a core material made of glass wool made of glass fiber as an inorganic fiber laminated material is sealed under reduced pressure in a jacket material.
- the density of the core material in the vacuum heat insulating material is 200 to 270 kg / m 3
- the core material after opening the outer cover material contains 75% or more of glass fibers having a fiber length of 100 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view schematically showing a distribution state of glass fibers in glass wool that has been conventionally used as a core material of a vacuum heat insulating material.
- FIG. 7 is a planar electron micrograph (magnification 100 times) showing a distribution state before compression of glass fibers in glass wool, which has been conventionally used as a core material of a vacuum heat insulating material, and
- FIG. 8 shows a similar distribution state. It is an electron micrograph (magnification 100 times) of a section.
- a large number of glass fibers 510 having various fiber lengths extend in various directions and are randomly distributed.
- a short fiber having a fiber length of 1 mm or less or a fine fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less with respect to the main fiber It is in a state in which various fibers are mixed.
- Such short fibers and fine fibers are filled between the main fibers or entangled between the main fibers, and heat conduction occurs between the fibers, along the thickness direction of the core material. It is considered that the heat insulation performance is lowered by causing heat conduction.
- the main fiber also includes many fibers that are bent or twisted.
- the glass wool is configured in this way, as described in JP-A-2005-265038 (Patent Document 1), when forming a sheet by wet papermaking, the glass fiber is oriented in a horizontal direction with respect to the sheet surface. It is very difficult to align most of the glass fibers even if they are arranged in the same manner.
- Patent Document 2 a core material containing 75% or more of glass fibers having a fiber length of 100 ⁇ m or more is used, and the density of the core material is 200 to 270 kg / m 3. Even if the glass wool is pressed so that it is difficult to align most glass fibers.
- the heat conductivity of the obtained vacuum heat insulating material is about 2 mW / m ⁇ K, and the improvement of the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material is limited by the conventional improvement method.
- the object of the present invention is that it is possible to exceed the improvement limit of conventional heat insulation performance, and the core material for vacuum heat insulation material having excellent heat insulation performance, the vacuum heat insulation material provided with the core material, and the production thereof Is to provide a method.
- the present inventors have produced a fiber constituting the core material for vacuum heat insulating material by a continuous filament method. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by including at least a plurality of inorganic fibers formed.
- the continuous filament method is a fiber manufacturing method in which molten filaments are continuously drawn down through a bushing nozzle, drawn, and fiberized to produce continuous filaments.
- the core material for vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention is a core material for vacuum heat insulating material configured by laminating a plurality of nonwoven fabrics.
- the nonwoven fabric includes at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by a continuous filament method. In the nonwoven fabric, most of the plurality of inorganic fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- the continuous filament method a large number of fibers with extremely small variations in fiber diameter can be produced. Moreover, the inorganic fiber manufactured by the continuous filament method has very high straightness of each fiber. For this reason, by cutting a large number of inorganic fibers manufactured by the continuous filament method into a substantially constant length, a straightness of a large number of inorganic fibers having substantially the same length and having a very small variation in fiber diameter can be obtained. It can be obtained in a very high state.
- the nonwoven fabric constituting the core material of the present invention includes at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by the continuous filament method, each inorganic fiber is formed into a nonwoven fabric when forming a nonwoven fabric using such a plurality of inorganic fibers.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers can be easily aligned so that most of the inorganic fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- most of the plurality of inorganic fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, but are in close contact with each other and do not align with the parallel direction, and are in a random direction within the plane forming the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is 3 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, and the average fiber length of the inorganic fibers is 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
- the heat conductivity of the core material can be reduced most, and the core material for vacuum heat insulating material having the most excellent heat insulating performance can be obtained.
- the inorganic fiber is preferably a glass fiber.
- the glass fiber has a smaller thermal conductivity than other inorganic fibers, for example, ceramic fibers, the heat insulating performance of the core material can be further improved by reducing the thermal conductivity of the material itself.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention includes an outer packaging material and a core material accommodated in the outer packaging material.
- the outer packaging material is configured so that the inside can be kept in a reduced pressure state.
- the core material includes a vacuum heat insulating material core material having any of the characteristics described above.
- the manufacturing method of the core material for vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention includes a step of manufacturing a nonwoven fabric by a wet papermaking method using at least a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method, and is manufactured in this step. A step of extending most of the plurality of inorganic fibers in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the non-woven fabric and laminating the plurality of non-woven fabrics.
- the manufacturing method of the core material for vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention at least a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by the continuous filament method are used.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers when producing a nonwoven fabric by wet papermaking, when trying to arrange each inorganic fiber in a direction parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, most of the inorganic fibers are separated from the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers can be easily aligned so as to extend in a substantially parallel direction.
- the plurality of inorganic fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, but are in close contact with each other and do not align with the parallel direction, and are in a random direction within the plane forming the surface of the nonwoven fabric. Disperse and line up.
- the inorganic fibers filling between the plurality of inorganic fibers can be eliminated as much as possible, and entangled between the plurality of inorganic fibers. Since inorganic fibers can be eliminated as much as possible, it is possible to prevent heat conduction from occurring between inorganic fibers arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- a method for manufacturing a vacuum heat insulating material includes a step of manufacturing a nonwoven fabric by a wet papermaking method using at least a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method, Extending most of the plurality of inorganic fibers in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the non-woven fabric, laminating the non-woven fabrics, and laminating the non-woven fabrics inside the outer packaging material Storing and maintaining the inside of the outer packaging material in a reduced pressure state.
- a method for producing a vacuum heat insulating material comprises a step of producing a nonwoven fabric by a wet papermaking method using at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by a continuous filament method, A step of extending most of the plurality of inorganic fibers in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the produced nonwoven fabric, and further laminating the plurality of nonwoven fabrics, and a binder contained in the plurality of laminated nonwoven fabrics And a step of accommodating the plurality of nonwoven fabrics from which the binder has been removed inside the outer packaging material and maintaining the inside of the outer packaging material in a reduced pressure state.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method is used.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers when producing a nonwoven fabric by wet papermaking, when trying to arrange each inorganic fiber in a direction parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, most of the inorganic fibers are separated from the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- a plurality of inorganic fibers can be easily aligned so as to extend in a substantially parallel direction.
- most of the plurality of inorganic fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, but are in close contact with each other and do not align with the parallel direction, and are in a random direction within the plane forming the surface of the nonwoven fabric. Align so that they face each other.
- the presence of inorganic fibers filling between the plurality of inorganic fibers can be minimized, and the plurality of inorganic fibers are entangled. Since the presence of such inorganic fibers can be minimized, it is possible to prevent heat conduction from occurring between the inorganic fibers.
- a vacuum heat insulating material can be manufactured by accommodating the laminated
- the thermal conductivity of the core material can be reduced by using at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by the continuous filament method, exceeding the improvement limit of the conventional heat insulation performance.
- a core material for vacuum heat insulating material having excellent heat insulating performance and a vacuum heat insulating material provided with the core material can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 it is sectional drawing which shows typically the mode (B) of the inside of a vacuum heat insulating material when arrangement
- FIG. 1 it is a perspective view showing typically an arrangement (A) of a core material and an outer packaging material, and a state (B) inside a vacuum heat insulating material when the inside of the outer packaging material is decompressed.
- Vacuum heat insulating material 100: core material, 200: outer packaging material, 110: non-woven fabric, 111, 112: glass fiber.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a vacuum heat insulating material as one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A shows a state before the inside of the outer packaging material is decompressed
- FIG. 1B shows a state when the inside of the outer packaging material is decompressed.
- a core material 100 is accommodated in a gas barrier outer packaging material 200 formed in a bag shape.
- the core material 100 is formed by laminating a plurality of non-woven fabrics 110.
- Each nonwoven fabric 110 is produced by a papermaking method using glass fibers which are examples of inorganic fibers and a small amount of an organic binder.
- the binder it is possible to use an inorganic binder.
- the flexibility of bending of the fiber assembly, that is, the nonwoven fabric 110 is inferior, and the cost when used as a product is lower than that of an organic binder. Since it becomes expensive compared with the case where it uses, it is preferable to use an organic binder.
- the amount of binder should be kept as small as possible.
- the core material 100 is compressed by the atmospheric pressure outside the outer packaging material 200, and the nonwoven fabrics 110 constituting the core material 100 are pressed against each other. Touch as you can.
- the density of the core material 100 in a state where the inside of the outer packaging material 200 is decompressed is included in the range of 100 to 400 kg / m 3 .
- the nonwoven fabric is formed, the nonwoven fabric is laminated to form the core material, the core material is arranged inside the outer packaging material, and the pressure is reduced to configure the vacuum heat insulating material.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an arrangement (A) of the core material and the outer packaging material and an internal state (B) of the vacuum heat insulating material when the pressure inside the outer packaging material is reduced as one embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view. Only a part of each nonwoven fabric, core material, and outer packaging material is shown.
- a plurality of nonwoven fabrics 110 are laminated to form the core material 100.
- the core material 100 is covered with an outer packaging material 200.
- the outer packaging material 200 is gas barrier, is formed in a bag shape, and covers the entire core material 100.
- the core material 100 is compressed.
- the nonwoven fabrics 110 come into contact with each other so as to be pressed against each other.
- the present inventors have used as a core a non-woven fabric configured to contain inorganic fibers of specific conditions. By using it, it discovered that the heat insulation performance of a vacuum heat insulating material improved remarkably, and reached
- the nonwoven fabric 110 constituting the core material 100 used in the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of the present invention is configured to include at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by the continuous filament method.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 of this invention is provided with the outer packaging material 200 and the core material 100 accommodated in the inside of the outer packaging material 200, and the outer packaging material 200 keeps an inside in a pressure-reduced state.
- the core material 100 is configured by laminating the nonwoven fabric 110.
- the nonwoven fabric 110 includes at least a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method.
- inorganic fibers examples include glass fibers, ceramic fibers, rock wool fibers, etc., but small diameter fibers necessary for constituting the core material of the present invention are distributed at a relatively low price due to mass production, In view of the low thermal conductivity of the material itself, glass fibers are preferably used as the inorganic fibers.
- a nonwoven fabric produced by a wet papermaking method using glass fibers cut to a certain length is used as a core material of a vacuum heat insulating material.
- the glass fiber cut to a certain length is a glass fiber which is a filamentous continuous filament of uniform thickness formed by drawing molten glass from a number of nozzles by a continuous filament method. Thousands are bundled and wound into a strand, and the strand is cut to a predetermined length with a guillotine cutter or the like. What cut
- the glass fiber thus obtained is a continuous filament cut into a predetermined length to obtain a predetermined length. Therefore, the glass fiber is extremely straight and highly rigid, and is a substantially uniform fiber. It has a diameter and a substantially circular cross section. That is, according to the continuous filament method, a large number of fibers with extremely small variation in fiber diameter can be produced. Moreover, the inorganic fiber manufactured by the continuous filament method has very high straightness of each fiber. For this reason, by cutting a large number of inorganic fibers manufactured by the continuous filament method into a substantially constant length, a straightness of a large number of inorganic fibers having substantially the same length and having a very small variation in fiber diameter can be obtained. It can be obtained in a very high state.
- Nonwoven fabrics arranged to be dispersed can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the distribution state of the glass fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric used for the core material of the vacuum heat insulating material as one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a nonwoven fabric composed of two glass fiber layers.
- FIG. 4 is a plane electron micrograph (magnification 100 times) showing the distribution state before compression of the glass fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric used for the core material of the vacuum heat insulating material as one embodiment of the present invention
- the plurality of glass fibers 111 forming the upper layer and the glass fibers 112 forming the lower layer extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric 110, but in close contact with each other in the parallel direction. They are not aligned, but are aligned so as to be distributed in a random direction within a plane forming the surface of the nonwoven fabric 110. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it turns out that the straightness of each fiber is very high. In addition, it can be seen that most of the fibers extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric, but are aligned so as to be dispersed in a random direction within a plane forming the surface of the nonwoven fabric.
- the nonwoven fabric 110 which comprises the core material of this invention contains at least the glass fiber which is an example of the some inorganic fiber manufactured by the continuous filament method, the nonwoven fabric 110 is used using such a some glass fiber.
- a plurality of glass fibers 111 and 112 are arranged so as to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric. Glass fibers can be easily aligned.
- most of the plurality of glass fibers 111 and 112 extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric 110, but do not align with each other in close contact with each other and form a surface of the nonwoven fabric 110. To be distributed in a random direction.
- the presence of glass fibers filling between the plurality of glass fibers constituting the core material can be minimized, and the presence of glass fibers entangled between the plurality of glass fibers can be minimized. Therefore, it is possible to prevent heat conduction from occurring between the glass fibers. For this reason, by preventing the occurrence of heat conduction along the thickness direction of the core material, the thermal conductivity of the core material can be reduced, and it becomes possible to exceed the improvement limit of the conventional heat insulation performance, The core material for vacuum heat insulating materials which has the heat insulation performance and the vacuum heat insulating material provided with the core material can be obtained.
- the glass fiber composition is not particularly limited, and C glass, D glass, E glass, and the like can be used, but E glass (aluminoborosilicate glass) is preferably employed because of its availability.
- the inorganic fiber forming the nonwoven fabric as the core material of the present invention is a glass fiber having a predetermined length obtained by cutting a continuous filament into a predetermined length, and has an extremely high straightness and a substantially circular cross section. Have. For this reason, unless a plurality of glass fibers dispersed in a random direction are aligned and aligned in parallel, the glass fibers are in contact with each other at a point, so that heat conduction between the glass fibers is remarkably suppressed.
- inorganic fiber materials such as alumina chopped strands using alumina fibers are preferable because they are more expensive than glass fibers and have high thermal conductivity. Absent.
- organic materials generally have lower thermal conductivity than inorganic materials, but do not have rigidity. For this reason, an organic fiber material deform
- the method for manufacturing the vacuum heat insulating material core 100 of the present invention first, at least glass fibers which are an example of a plurality of inorganic fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method are used, and a nonwoven fabric is formed by a wet papermaking method. 110 is manufactured. Thereby, most glass fibers 111 and 112 are made to extend in the direction substantially parallel to the surface of the manufactured nonwoven fabric 110 among several glass fibers. Further, a plurality of nonwoven fabrics 110 are laminated.
- the nonwoven fabric 110 is first manufactured by the wet papermaking method at least using the several glass fiber manufactured by the continuous filament method. Thereby, most glass fibers 111 and 112 are made to extend in the direction substantially parallel to the surface of the manufactured nonwoven fabric 110 among several glass fibers. Further, a plurality of nonwoven fabrics 110 are laminated. Thereafter, the laminated nonwoven fabrics 110 are accommodated in the outer packaging material 200, and the interior of the outer packaging material 200 is kept in a reduced pressure state.
- the vacuum heat insulating material manufacturing method of the present invention at least a plurality of glass fibers manufactured by a continuous filament method is used.
- the non-woven fabric 110 is manufactured by the wet papermaking method using such a plurality of glass fibers, when the glass fibers are arranged in a direction parallel to the surface of the non-woven fabric 110, most of the glass fibers 111 and 112 are used.
- a plurality of glass fibers can be easily aligned so as to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric 110.
- most of the plurality of glass fibers 111 and 112 extend in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the nonwoven fabric 110, but do not align with each other in close contact with each other and form a surface of the nonwoven fabric 110. To be distributed in a random direction. Thereby, even if a plurality of non-woven fabrics 110 are laminated to constitute the core material 100, the presence of glass fibers that fill between the plurality of glass fibers can be minimized, and between the plurality of glass fibers. Since the presence of the glass fiber entangled with the glass fiber can be eliminated as much as possible, it is possible to prevent heat conduction from occurring between the glass fibers.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 can be manufactured by accommodating the some nonwoven fabric 110 laminated
- the thermal conductivity of the core material 100 can be lowered, and the improvement limit of the conventional heat insulation performance may be exceeded. It becomes possible and the core material 100 which has the outstanding heat insulation performance and the vacuum heat insulating material 1 provided with the core material 100 can be obtained.
- the nonwoven fabric 110 made of glass fiber used in the present invention is manufactured by a wet papermaking method.
- the wet papermaking method by adding an appropriate dispersant, glass chopped strands obtained by cutting glass fibers into a certain length are monofilamentized and dispersed and arranged in layers, and the nonwoven fabric 110 made of glass fibers with very little binding is formed. Obtainable. For this reason, the number of glass fibers arranged in parallel is very small, and most glass fibers 111 and 112 are in contact with each other between adjacent fibers. In this way, the nonwoven fabric 110 having a high compressive strength and a very low thermal conductivity in the thickness direction can be produced. Therefore, such a nonwoven fabric 110 is suitable as the core material 100 of the vacuum heat insulating material 1. .
- Fabrication of the non-woven fabric 110 by the wet papermaking method employed in the production method of the present invention is possible by using a known papermaking machine such as a long net papermaking machine, a short netting papermaking machine, or an inclined wire type papermaking machine.
- a known papermaking machine such as a long net papermaking machine, a short netting papermaking machine, or an inclined wire type papermaking machine.
- a nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber is used as a heat insulating material having heat resistance, a heat insulating material having fire resistance, or an electrical insulator. For this reason, the nonwoven fabric is required to have a fabric strength that can withstand tearing and breaking, and often requires entanglement of fibers.
- Nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers used for such applications are often manufactured by a papermaking method using a long net paper machine or a short net paper machine.
- the nonwoven fabric 110 made of glass fiber used in the present invention is accommodated in the outer packaging material 200 as the core material 100, the strength as a cloth is not so required.
- the papermaking method in which the fiber directions are easily aligned increases the contact area between the fibers, and thus is not preferable for producing the nonwoven fabric 110 made of glass fibers used in the present invention.
- an inclined wire type paper machine capable of making paper at a low inlet concentration is suitable, but is not limited thereto.
- the glass chopped strand which is an example of the inorganic fiber used in the present invention, preferably has a glass fiber having a fiber diameter of 3 to 15 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 3 to 15 mm having a composition ratio of 99% or more.
- a glass chopped strand having a fiber diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m or a fiber length of less than 3 mm is expected to be unsuitable for use in the nonwoven fabric 110 constituting the vacuum heat insulating material core 100 of the present invention as described below. .
- Glass fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m have low fiber rigidity. Therefore, when a nonwoven fabric is produced by a wet papermaking method, the fibers are bent, entanglement between the fibers occurs, and the contact area between the fibers increases. . Thereby, since heat conduction becomes large and the heat insulation performance of the core material is deteriorated, glass fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m are not preferable.
- the glass fiber having a fiber length of less than 3 mm is produced by dispersing the fiber located in the upper layer on the fiber located in the lower layer already dispersed when the nonwoven fabric is produced by the wet papermaking method.
- the upper layer fibers are more likely to be supported on the lower layer fibers at one point, for example, one end of the upper layer fibers hang down to the lower layer and the other in the thickness direction. It is expected to be positioned in a protruding form.
- heat conduction in the length direction of the fiber occurs, and the contact area between the fibers increases. Thereby, heat conduction becomes large and the heat insulating performance of the core material is deteriorated, so that glass fibers having a fiber length of less than 3 mm are not preferable.
- glass fibers having a fiber diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more are used to form a nonwoven fabric and a core material is formed by laminating a plurality of nonwoven fabrics, the number of fiber layers in the thickness direction of the core material is reduced, and the heat transfer path in the thickness direction Becomes shorter and the pore diameter becomes larger when the nonwoven fabric is formed. Accordingly, glass fibers having a fiber diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more are not preferable because they are affected by the thermal conductivity of the gas and reduce the heat insulating performance of the core material.
- the fiber length increases with respect to the fiber diameter, so that the rigidity of the fiber is lowered and the fiber is easily bent, entanglement between the fibers occurs, and the contact area between the fibers is increased. To increase. Thereby, since heat conduction becomes large and the heat insulation performance of the core material is deteriorated, glass fibers having a fiber length of 15 mm or more are not preferable.
- the non-woven fabric made of glass fiber used as the core material for vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention has no bonding force between fibers. For this reason, it is necessary to use an organic binder in the paper making process in order to prevent the glass fibers from falling off in the manufacturing process of the nonwoven fabric and to prevent mold deformation in the subsequent processing process. However, since the nonwoven fabric is finally encapsulated in the outer packaging material as the core material of the vacuum heat insulating material, it is necessary to minimize the amount of the organic binder used.
- the binder content in the nonwoven fabric made of glass fibers is preferably 15% by mass or less.
- a liquid binder such as a resin emulsion or an aqueous resin solution is generally sprayed by a spray or the like and added to the glass fiber.
- a spray or the like it is preferred to produce a nonwoven fabric by a wet papermaking method by mixing a granular or fibrous organic binder with glass chopped strands, and it is more preferred to use a granular binder.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a fibrous material obtained by fiberizing a thermosetting resin such as uncured or semi-cured phenol resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or polyester, unstretched polyester Fibers of thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, etc., or core-sheath structure fibers using these thermoplastic resins, have components with different melting points on the inside (core) and outside (sheath) Examples thereof include fibers having a low melting point of the outside (sheath).
- examples of the granular organic binder include granular PVA, the above-mentioned thermosetting resin, and thermoplastic resin powder.
- liquid organic binder is likely to gather around a portion where a plurality of glass fibers intersect due to surface tension. For this reason, even if the adjacent glass fibers are in contact with each other at a point, the binder may cover the contact portion. As a result, heat conduction through the binder is expected to occur, so a liquid organic binder is not preferred.
- a granular binder or a fibrous binder is used as an organic binder, and these organic binders are dispersed and mixed in glass chopped strands to produce a nonwoven fabric by a wet papermaking method, most of the binders are fibers other than the fiber contact points. It may be possible to bridge the gap with an organic binder. However, such bridging is extremely delicate and has very little possibility of generating heat conduction. Thereby, since the outstanding heat insulation characteristic of a core material can be maintained, it is preferable to use a granular binder and a fibrous binder as an organic binder.
- Basis weight of the nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber used as a vacuum heat insulating material for a core material of the present invention is preferably 30 ⁇ 600g / m 2. If the nonwoven fabric has a rice basis weight of less than 30 g / m 2 , the influence of the thermal conductivity of the gas increases due to the increase in the diameter of the voids present in the nonwoven fabric. Thereby, since the heat insulation performance of a core material falls and the intensity
- the rice tsubo is generally a unit of measurement of the thickness of paper and represents the mass of paper per square meter, and is also referred to as metric basis weight.
- rice tsubo is used as a unit for measuring the thickness of a nonwoven fabric made of glass fibers produced by a wet papermaking method.
- JP-A-2006-17169 Patent Document 2
- the average diameter of inorganic fibers such as glass wool constituting the core material of the vacuum heat insulating material is preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the heat insulation performance of the finally obtained vacuum heat insulating material itself is lowered.
- the heat insulation performance of the vacuum heat insulating material increases as the diameter of the inorganic fibers constituting the core material is smaller.
- fine inorganic fibers are expensive and have the disadvantages of reducing the dewatering efficiency and reducing the productivity when producing nonwoven fabrics by wet papermaking.
- the present invention as an example of the inorganic fiber, by selecting the optimum conditions for improving the heat insulation performance for the fiber parameters such as the fiber diameter of the inorganic fiber, the fiber length, and the adhesion state between the fibers, Even when a glass chopped strand having a relatively large fiber diameter is used, it is possible to realize a vacuum heat insulating material that can obtain a much higher heat insulating performance than a conventional vacuum heat insulating material.
- the improvement width of the heat insulating performance of the finally obtained vacuum heat insulating material is almost the same as when using a glass chopped strand with a fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m. It is negligible. Therefore, considering the productivity, price, and performance, the preferred fiber diameter of the glass chopped strand is 6 to 15 ⁇ m. When the glass fiber of this range is used, the vacuum heat insulating material which has heat insulation performance higher than the conventional vacuum heat insulating material can be obtained with a suitable manufacturing cost.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention can be manufactured by a known method using a core material having the above-described characteristics.
- the core material 100 is accommodated inside a gas barrier outer packaging material 200 formed in a bag shape.
- the outer packaging material 200 for storing the core material 100 in a decompressed state has a high gas barrier property and a protective layer against heat-sealing layers, scratches, etc., and can keep the inner packaging material 200 in a decompressed state for a long period of time. Use something. Further, a plurality of films having such characteristics may be laminated to form the outer packaging material 200.
- the outermost layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin
- the intermediate layer is made of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin having an aluminum vapor deposition layer
- the innermost layer is made of high-density polyethylene.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the innermost layer is made of high-density polyethylene.
- examples thereof include a gas barrier film using a resin, a gas barrier film using nylon as an outermost layer, two layers of an aluminum-deposited PET resin and an aluminum foil as an intermediate layer, and a high-density polyethylene resin as an innermost layer.
- a getter agent such as a gas adsorbent or a water adsorbent in the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the heat insulating performance can be further improved by removing or reducing the organic binder of the core material before the vacuum sealing.
- a thermosetting resin binder such as an acrylic resin
- the binder can be removed by using a thermal decomposition method.
- the binder before enclosing the core material in the outer packaging material, only the binder can be removed by thermal decomposition by treating at a temperature higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of the binder and lower than the melting point of the glass fiber.
- a water-soluble resin binder such as PVA
- the binder can be removed or reduced by washing with warm water or the like in addition to the above method.
- Example 1 Glass chopped strands (produced by Owens Corning Corporation) having the average fiber diameter and average fiber length shown in Table 1 were introduced into water so that the concentration was 0.5% by mass, and used as a dispersant. Emanon (registered trademark) 3199 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the glass chopped strand, and stirred to prepare a glass chopped strand slurry.
- Emanon (registered trademark) 3199 manufactured by Kao Corporation
- paper was made by a wet paper making method to prepare a web.
- the obtained web was impregnated with a liquid obtained by diluting an acrylic emulsion (GM-4 manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) with water so that its solid content concentration was 3.0% by mass, and the moisture content of the web was adjusted by sucking moisture so that the amount was 200% by mass with respect to the glass fiber mass.
- the nonwoven fabric used for the core material for vacuum heat insulating materials was produced by drying a web. Used obtained vacuum insulation material for the core material nonwoven fabric, the basis weight is 100 g / m 2, the binder content was 5.7 wt%.
- Examples 2 to 8 Glass chopped strands (both manufactured by Owens Corning) having the average fiber diameter and average fiber length shown in Table 1 were introduced into water so that the concentration became 0.5% by mass, and Emanon (registered as a dispersant) Trademark) 3199 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the glass chopped strands, and stirred to obtain a glass chopped strand slurry.
- Emanon registered as a dispersant) Trademark
- Example 9 By laminating 10 non-woven fabrics used for the core material for a vacuum heat insulating material produced by the same method as in Example 2, the binder content was reduced to 0% by mass by heating in an electric furnace at a temperature of 550 ° C. for 1 hour. did.
- a non-woven fabric As a core material used for a conventional vacuum heat insulating material, a non-woven fabric was prepared as a sheet-like fiber aggregate made of glass wool having an average fiber diameter shown in Table 1.
- the binder content shown in Table 1 was obtained by the following formula from the mass difference before and after heating by removing the organic component by heating the nonwoven fabric used for the vacuum insulating core material at a temperature of 600 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Binder content (mass%) [ ⁇ (mass before heating) ⁇ (mass after heating) ⁇ / (mass before heating)] ⁇ 100
- the nonwoven fabrics produced in Examples 1 to 9 above were laminated in the number indicated in the column “Number of laminated nonwoven fabrics” in Table 1 to obtain a core material.
- Thermal conductivity was calculated by measuring the temperature of the upper and lower surfaces of each core material made of a laminate and the heat flow flowing through each core material in each of the vacuum steady state core materials held. The measurement results of the obtained thermal conductivity are shown in the “thermal conductivity” column of Table 1. In addition, about the comparative example 1, the thermal conductivity of the nonwoven fabric which consists of conventional glass wool is shown in the column of "the thermal conductivity" of Table 1.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the example of the present invention has a thermal conductivity of 1.10 mW / m ⁇ K or less, which is considerably smaller than the conventional vacuum heat insulating material as a comparative example. It can be seen that it has excellent heat insulation performance exceeding the improvement limit of conventional heat insulation performance.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention it is possible to provide a device such as a refrigerator excellent in heat insulating performance and energy saving.
- the core material for vacuum heat insulating material and the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention can reduce the thermal conductivity of the core material by using at least a plurality of inorganic fibers produced by the continuous filament method, and improve the conventional heat insulating performance It is possible to exceed the limit and has excellent heat insulation performance, so it is widely used in household refrigerators and other devices that require heat insulation.
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Abstract
Description
表1に示す平均繊維径と平均繊維長を有するガラスチョップドストランド(オーウェンス・コーニング社(Owens Corning Corporation)製)をその濃度が0.5質量%となるように水中に投入し、分散剤としてエマノーン(登録商標)3199(花王株式会社製)をガラスチョップドストランド100質量部に対して1質量部となるように添加して、攪拌することにより、ガラスチョップドストランドスラリーを作製した。
表1に示す平均繊維径と平均繊維長を有するガラスチョップドストランド(いずれもオーウェンス・コーニング社製)をその濃度が0.5質量%となるように水中に投入し、分散剤としてエマノーン(登録商標)3199(花王株式会社製)をガラスチョップドストランド100質量部に対して1質量部となるように添加して、攪拌することにより、ガラスチョップドストランドスラリーを得た。
実施例2と同様の方法で作製した真空断熱材用芯材に用いられる不織布を10枚積層し、電気炉内で温度550℃にて1時間加熱することにより、バインダー含有率を0質量%にした。
従来の真空断熱材に用いる芯材として、表1に示す平均繊維径を有するグラスウールからなるシート状繊維集合体としての不織布を準備した。
以上の実施例1~9によって製造された不織布を、表1の「不織布積層枚数」の欄に示された枚数だけ積層させて芯材とした。得られた積層体からなる各芯材の上下面に、それぞれスペーサを介して、厚み方向に1kgf/cm2(約98kPa)の圧縮力を加えた状態で、真空度が0.01Torr(約1.3Pa)の真空状態を保持した。この保持された真空の定常状態の各芯材において、積層体からなる各芯材の上下面部の温度と、各芯材を流れる熱流とを測定することによって、熱伝導率を算出した。得られた熱伝導率の測定結果を表1の「熱伝導率」の欄に示す。なお、比較例1については、従来のグラスウールからなる不織布の熱伝導率を表1の「熱伝導率」の欄に示す。
Claims (7)
- 複数の不織布(110)を積層することにより構成された真空断熱材用芯材(100)であって、
前記不織布(110)は、連続フィラメント法によって製造された複数の無機繊維(111、112)を少なくとも含み、
前記不織布においては、前記複数の無機繊維(111、112)のうち大半の無機繊維(111、112)が前記不織布(110)の表面とほぼ平行な方向に延在している、真空断熱材用芯材(100)。 - 前記無機繊維(111、112)の平均繊維径が3μm以上15μm以下、前記無機繊維(111、112)の平均繊維長が3mm以上15mm以下である、請求項1に記載の真空断熱材用芯材(100)。
- 前記無機繊維(111、112)はガラス繊維である、請求項1に記載の真空断熱材用芯材(100)。
- 外包材(200)と、
前記外包材(200)の内部に収容される芯材(100)とを備え、
前記外包材(200)は、内部を減圧状態に保つことが可能であるように構成され、
前記芯材(100)が、請求項1に記載の真空断熱材用芯材を含む、真空断熱材(1)。 - 連続フィラメント法によって製造された複数の無機繊維(111、112)を少なくとも用いて、湿式抄紙法によって不織布(110)を製造するステップを備え、このステップにおいて、製造された前記不織布(110)の表面とほぼ平行な方向に、前記複数の無機繊維(111、112)のうち大半の無機繊維(111、112)を延在させ、さらに、
複数の前記不織布(110)を積層するステップを備えた、真空断熱材用芯材(100)の製造方法。 - 連続フィラメント法によって製造された複数の無機繊維(111、112)を少なくとも用いて、湿式抄紙法によって不織布(110)を製造するステップを備え、このステップにおいて、製造された前記不織布(110)の表面とほぼ平行な方向に、前記複数の無機繊維(111、112)のうち大半の無機繊維(111、112)を延在させ、さらに、
複数の前記不織布(110)を積層するステップと、
積層された複数の前記不織布(110)を外包材(200)の内部に収容し、前記外包材(200)の内部を減圧状態に保つステップとを備えた、真空断熱材(1)の製造方法。 - 連続フィラメント法によって製造された複数の無機繊維(111、112)を少なくとも用いて、湿式抄紙法によって不織布(110)を製造するステップを備え、このステップにおいて、製造された前記不織布(110)の表面とほぼ平行な方向に、前記複数の無機繊維(111、112)のうち大半の無機繊維(111、112)を延在させ、さらに、
複数の前記不織布(110)を積層するステップと、
積層された複数の前記不織布(110)に含まれたバインダーを除去するステップと、
前記バインダーが除去された複数の前記不織布(110)を外包材(200)の内部に収容し、前記外包材(200)の内部を減圧状態に保つステップとを備えた、真空断熱材(1)の製造方法。
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- 2008-12-04 DE DE112008003548.2T patent/DE112008003548B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-04 WO PCT/JP2008/072008 patent/WO2009084367A1/ja active Application Filing
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EP2306128A3 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-03-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Vacuum thermal insulator and thermally insulating box including the vacuum thermal insulator |
EP3052303A4 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2017-06-28 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Configurable composites |
EP3076115A4 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2017-08-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Vacuum insulator and refrigerator having same |
US10137658B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2018-11-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Vacuum insulator and refrigerator having same |
CN104878662A (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-02 | 福建赛特新材股份有限公司 | 一种真空绝热板的毡及其制备方法和使用该毡的真空绝热板 |
JP2019184020A (ja) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-10-24 | アクア株式会社 | 真空断熱材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101910702B (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
JP2009162267A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
DE112008003548T5 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
DE112008003548B4 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
JP4713566B2 (ja) | 2011-06-29 |
CN101910702A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
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