Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• Type 1 is usually due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin.
• Type 2 is characterized by tissue -wide insulin resistance and varies widely; it sometimes progresses to loss of beta cell function.
• Gestational diabetes is similar to type 2 diabetes, in that it involves insulin resistance; the hormones of pregnancy cause insulin resistance in those women genetically predisposed to developing this condition.
• G5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• compounds of the invention meet at least one of the following criteria.
• Recombinant GK protein is expressed in Escherichia coli as a GST-tagged fusion protein and is purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography.
• the recombinant GK protein after the removal of GST- tag is further purified by size exclusion chromatography using Superdex S-200 (GE health Sciences) column on an FPLC using 2OmM Tris, pH 7.5, 50 mM NacCl, 5 mM TCEP and 20 mM Glucose.
• the recombinant GK is incubated with the compound of the invention at a concentration of 150 to 250 ⁇ M for 30 min to 1 Hr at room temperature and concentrated to 10 mg/ml using 50 KDa cut-off
• Human recombinant glucokinase (-200 ng) is added of to the assay reaction except the blank.
• the increase in A 34o nm is monitored in Spectramax at 30° C for 15 min .
• the A 34o nm is obtained for both test and positive control after substracting the blank.
• G 3 , G 4 , G 5 , G 6 , G 7 , X, Y and Z are as defined above.
• Azines signifies the member of the azabenzene series, having 1, 2 or 3 of the methylidyne groups of the benzene molecule replaced with nitrogen atoms, such as pyridine, pyrimidine and 1,3,5-triazine.
• alkyl as well as other groups having the prefix “alk”, such as alkoxy means carbon chains which may be linear or branched, and combinations thereof, unless the carbon chain is defined otherwise.
• alkyl groups include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and the like.
• Aryl means a mono- or poly cyclic aromatic ring system containing carbon ring atoms.
• the preferred aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic 6-10 membered aromatic ring systems. Phenyl and naphthyl are preferred aryls. The most preferred aryl is phenyl.
• Heterocycle and “heterocyclyl” refer to saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings or ring systems containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N, further including the oxidized forms of sulfur, namely SO and SO 2 .
• heterocycles include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dihydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, morpholine, 1 ,4-dithiane, piperazine, piperidine, 1,3-dioxolane, imidazolidine, imidazoline, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, oxathiolane, dithiolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, oxathiane, thiomorpholine, and the like.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• dihydrofuran 1,4-dioxane
• morpholine 1 ,4-dithiane
• piperazine piperidine
• 1,3-dioxolane imidazolidine
• imidazoline imidazoline
• pyrroline pyrrolidine
• tetrahydropyran dihydropyran
• Heteroaryl means an aromatic or partially aromatic heterocycle that contains at least one ring heteroatom selected from O, S and N. Heteroaryls also include heteroaryls fused to other kinds of rings, such as aryls, cycloalkyls and heterocycles that are not aromatic.
• group G4 Especially preferred for group G4 are:
• Z in ZG5 is preferably O.
• G3 groups examples include:
• Preferred G5 groups are:
• R be chloro or -O-isopropyl or -0-2-methylpropyl and that G4 be one of the preferred G4 groups described above.
• the compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug.
• a pro-drug is a bioprecursor or pharmaceutically acceptable compound being degradable in the body to produce a compound of the invention (such as an ester or amide of a compound of the invention, particularly an in- vivo hydro lysable ester).
• a compound of the invention such as an ester or amide of a compound of the invention, particularly an in- vivo hydro lysable ester.
• Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art.
• the compounds of the present invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug.
• a pro-drug is a bioprecursor or pharmaceutically acceptable compound being degradable in the body to produce a compound of the invention such as esters, particularly an in- vivo hydrolysable ester, amides, N-oxides, phosphate esters, glycoamide esters, glyceride conjugates or the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof.
• the prodrugs may add to the value of the present compound's advantages in adsorption, pharmacokinetics or in distribution. (Ref : US6624176) Various forms of prodrugs are known and have been described in the art, for example:
• pro-drugs are as follows- an in vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of formula (I) containing a carboxy or hydroxy group; a pharmaceutically acceptable ester which is cleaved in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable esters for carboxy include Ci_6alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxymethyl, C 1-6 alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, C3-8 cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, C 1-6 alkyl esters for example & 1- eye lohexylcarbonyloxy ethyl; l,3-dioxolen-2- onylmethyl esters for example 5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl; and Ci_ 6 alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters for example 1 -methoxycarbonyloxyethyl and may be formed at any carboxy group in the compounds of this invention.
• Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable esters for hydroxy include inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphorarnidic cyclic esters) and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in -vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s.
• inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphorarnidic cyclic esters) and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in -vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s.
• ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxymethoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethoxy.
• a selection of in- vivo hydro lysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include C 1-10 alkanoyl, for example acetyl; benzoyl; phenylacetyl; substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, Ci-io alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), for example ethoxycarbonyl; di-(Ci_4)alkylcarbamoyl and N- (di-(Ci_4) alkylaminoethyl)-N- 1 (C 1-4 ) alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates); di-( C 1-4 ) alkylaminoacetyl and carboxyacetyl.
• Other interesting in- vivo hyrolysable esters include, for example, R a C(O) 0(C
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include compounds in which the main compound functions as an acid and is reacted with an appropriate base to form a salt e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and chlorine salts.
• a salt e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and chlorine salts.
• acid addition salts of the claimed compounds may be prepared by reaction of the compounds with the appropriate inorganic or organic acid via any of a number of known methods.
• alkaline earth metals salts can be prepared by reacting the compounds of the invention with an appropriate base via a variety of known methods.
• the invention includes a pharmaceutical or veterinary composition comprising one or more compounds of the invention together with a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier and further includes a compound of the invention formulated for pharmaceutical or veterinary administration.
• the invention further includes any such compound for use in medicine, and especially for use in the treatment of any metabolic disorder, as described herein, particularly for the treatment of diabetes.
• compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound in accordance with this invention means an amount of compound that is effective to treat obesity and/or type II diabetes.
• the therapeutically effective amount or dosage of a compound according to this invention can vary within wide limits and may be determined in a manner known in the art. Such dosage will be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case including the specific compound(s) being administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, as well as the patient being treated.
• the disclosure also relates to identifying these compounds described in Formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), and (Ic), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or pro-drug thereof, which are beneficial for the prophylaxis, management, treatment, control of progression, or adjunct treatment of diseases and/or medical conditions where the activation of glucokinase would be beneficial, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome X and/or diabetes-related complications and as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents for obesity.
• the disclosure further relates to compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), and (Ic), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or pro-drug thereof, for use in the manufacture of medicament for the treatment of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome X, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia.
• the pharmaceutical preparations can also contain preserving agents, solubilizing agents, stabilizing agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, sweetening agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, coating agents or antioxidants. They can also contain other therapeutically valuable substances, including additional active ingredients other than those of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic).
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents wherein, the substituents are independently selected from C1-C12 alkyl and preferably C 1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl and preferably C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl; heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents wherein, the substituents are independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, CO 2 H, C 1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and C 1-6 alkoxy and the like, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups selected from groups such as halogens, hydroxyl, oxo, CO 2 H.
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents wherein, the substituents are independently selected from C 1 -C 12 alkyl and preferably C 1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl and preferably C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl; heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents wherein, the substituents are independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, CO 2 H, C 1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, and C j _ 6 alkoxy and the like, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups selected from groups such as halogens, hydroxyl, oxo, CO 2 H.
• Example 2 1. Preparation of 2-hydroxy-6-isopropoxy-isonicotinicacid isopropyl ester.

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Cited By (28)

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-23 WO PCT/EP2008/068232 patent/WO2009083553A1/en active Application Filing

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