WO2009083093A2 - Mèche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procédé de production de mèche filtre et procédé de production de tiges de filtre - Google Patents

Mèche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procédé de production de mèche filtre et procédé de production de tiges de filtre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009083093A2
WO2009083093A2 PCT/EP2008/010297 EP2008010297W WO2009083093A2 WO 2009083093 A2 WO2009083093 A2 WO 2009083093A2 EP 2008010297 W EP2008010297 W EP 2008010297W WO 2009083093 A2 WO2009083093 A2 WO 2009083093A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter tow
filaments
strips
filter
tow strip
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/010297
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009083093A3 (fr
Inventor
Paul Rustemeyer
Hermann Müller
Uwe SCHÄFFNER
Original Assignee
Rhodia Acetow Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhodia Acetow Gmbh filed Critical Rhodia Acetow Gmbh
Priority to UAA201009137A priority Critical patent/UA100541C2/ru
Priority to CN2008801252820A priority patent/CN101925310A/zh
Priority to CA2710316A priority patent/CA2710316A1/fr
Priority to PL08868627T priority patent/PL2222195T3/pl
Priority to JP2010538399A priority patent/JP5378402B2/ja
Priority to BRPI0819565-0A priority patent/BRPI0819565B1/pt
Priority to EP08868627A priority patent/EP2222195B1/fr
Priority to RU2010130569/12A priority patent/RU2500314C2/ru
Priority to AT08868627T priority patent/ATE515199T1/de
Priority to KR20107015513A priority patent/KR101495945B1/ko
Priority to US12/809,932 priority patent/US20110011413A1/en
Publication of WO2009083093A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009083093A2/fr
Publication of WO2009083093A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009083093A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes

Definitions

  • Filter tow Filter tow, filter rod machine. Method for producing filter tow strips and method for producing filter rods
  • the present invention relates to a filter tow strip having the features of the preamble of claim 1, a filter rod machine, a method for producing a filter tow strip and a method for producing filter rods.
  • a filter tow strip of the aforementioned type is known, for example, from EP 0 629 722 A1, which is based on the Applicant.
  • filters are used, which are made of a band or a continuous strand of crimped cellulose acetate fibers, the so-called filter tow.
  • spun filaments of cellulose acetate are crimped in a stuffer box, whereby the impressed crimp structure is fixed while passing through a dryer.
  • the filter tow After the filter tow has been brought to a constant final moisture content, it is loosely placed in jugs several meters high in regular patterns. The loose tow layer is then compacted in bale presses into a filter tow bale and finally packed, which is provided for further processing into filters.
  • filter tow to filter rods The processing of filter tow to filter rods is carried out on a filter rod machine on which the filter tow in a processing section as strong as possible to develop its maximum filling power, which is then gathered on the format of the future cigarette filter and coated with paper.
  • a filter rod machine On which the filter tow in a processing section as strong as possible to develop its maximum filling power, which is then gathered on the format of the future cigarette filter and coated with paper.
  • To buckle the filter tow it is pulled apart by means of compressed air driven spreader nozzles and stretched by a system of draw rolls with threaded or screwed surfaces. Thereafter, the spread filter tow is fed to a triacetin spray box, in which the acetate surface is dissolved and tackified.
  • the filter tow band In the format part of the filter rod machine, the filter tow band is gathered and compressed to the cross section of the future filter rod. During this process, the filaments stick together and form a three-dimensional spatial network structure with the
  • the invention has for its object to provide a filter tow strip, in particular twin tow of crosslinked and crimped filaments, which allows a problem-free processing on a filter rod machine, especially on a double filter rod machine, the separation of the filter tow strip for continuous production as evenly as possible should be done.
  • the invention is further based on the object of specifying a filter rod machine, in particular a double filter rod machine, with which the filter tow strip can be separated without resistance, as well as a method for producing a filter tow strip, in particular a twin tow and a method for producing filter rods.
  • this object is achieved with regard to the filter tow strip by the subject-matter of claim 1, with regard to the filter rod machine by the subject-matter of claim 7 and with regard to the methods by the subject-matter of claim 13 and the subject-matter of claim 19.
  • the invention has the advantage that the separation of the filter tow strip according to the invention is achieved largely without problems even in fast-running processes. Due to the uniform binding force of the Filter Tow halves along the Twin Tows, voltage fluctuations and thus quality fluctuations of the filter rods are effectively avoided.
  • the filter tow strip according to the invention is defined by the maximum transverse cutting force, which does not exceed 20 cN, and over a length of about 20 cm. This has the advantage that the release properties of the strip can be set much more accurately than in the strip according to EP 0 629 722 A1, so that the separation behavior of the strip is improved.
  • the division of the filter tow strip into two individual filter tow strips in front of the spreader nozzle or in front of the spreader nozzles of the filter rod machine according to the invention makes it possible, without difficulty - depending on the existing filter tow material - between a twin tow bale, i. a bale with a filter tow according to the invention, and, if necessary, two bales with standard filter tow to change.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a filter tow strip according to an embodiment of the invention, which is clamped for measuring the cross-cutting force in jaws.
  • 2a-2f are sectional views of filter tow strips according to various embodiments of the invention, in which the connection region between the partial strips is arranged differently; and 3a, b, c are schematic representations of a detail of a double filter rod machine according to embodiments of the invention in the region of the separating device.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a filter tow strip 10 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1, wherein the illustrated filter tow strip 10 is a double-width filter tow strip, i. is a so-called Twin Tow made of cross-linked and crimped filaments.
  • the filter tow strip 10 comprises two partial strips 12a, 12b, which are connected by a region of lower mesh density 11.
  • the filaments 13, which connect the two partial strips 12a, 12b in the region of lower crosslinking density 11, are mutually looped and / or hooked in such a way that the connecting filaments 13 form crossing points 14.
  • the invention is not limited to filter tow strip 10 with two partial strips, but generally includes multi-width filter tow strip with a plurality of partial strips, for example. Three or four partial strips, which are respectively connected to each other.
  • the filter tow strip 10 according to FIG. 1 is clamped between two clamping jaws A of a measuring device which have moved apart so far that the two partial strips 12a, 12b of the filter tow strip or the twin tow and the connecting region 11 located therebetween can be seen with low crosslinking density ,
  • the jaws A comb clamps can be used, in particular for measurement in superimposed partial strips.
  • connection region 11 is designed such that the maximum transverse separation force required to separate the partial strips does not exceed 20 cN over a length of approximately 20 cm.
  • the maximum transverse separation force corresponds to the force perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the filter tow strip 10, which occurs in a continuous expansion, ie in a continuous moving apart of the jaws A, just before the cross-cutting force decreases again and the partial strips are completely separated.
  • the maximum cross-cutting force may be lower than 20 cN, for example 15 cN, 10 cN, 7 cN, 5 cN, 4 cN, 3 cN, 2 cN or 1 cN.
  • the maximum cross-cutting force in a range of 0.5cN to less than 2OcN wherein the lower limit of 0.5 cN can be combined with the above upper limits.
  • Other possible lower limits are IcN, 1.5 cN, 2cN, 2.5cN.
  • the separation behavior of the filter tow strip 10 can be determined by the number of binding filaments 13 in the connection region 11 between the two partial strips 12a, 12b.
  • the detection of the binding filaments 13 takes place at the maximum of the cross-cutting force, i. just before the complete separation of the two partial strips 12a, 12b, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the binding filaments 13 are partially torn off and / or unhooked, wherein for the determination of the separation behavior, the still crossed or connected filaments shortly before the complete separation, i. be detected in the cross-cutting force maximum.
  • the connected or crossing filaments of the respective partial strips 12a, 12b are each regarded as a filament.
  • the number of binding filaments 13 essentially corresponds to the number of crossing points 14.
  • the connection denoted by I at the right end of the clamping jaws A comprises two filaments 13 interleaved with one another, which are regarded as a filament for determining the number of binding filaments 13 and have a point of intersection 14.
  • compound II in which two filaments 13 are entangled and form a point of intersection 14.
  • compound III four filaments 13 are connected together and form two crossing points 14.
  • the compound III therefore comprises two binding filaments 13.
  • the lower limit of the number of crossing points to a length of 20cm can be 1 crossing point. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 crossing points are also possible as the lower limit.
  • the filaments 13 may either be only looped, ie the individual filaments 13 form stitches or loops that mutually engage and form a connection.
  • the filaments 13 can also only be hooked, wherein at least one filament 13 of a connecting filament pair forms a free end and into a loop or into another filament hook intervenes.
  • a combination of entangled and entangled filaments 13 is possible.
  • the connecting filaments 13 form crossing points 14, ie the opposing filaments 13 of the two partial strips 12a, 12b meet and cross each other.
  • the invention also includes filter tow strips where in places the maximum cross-cutting force exceeds the upper limit of 20 cN, as long as this does not significantly affect the continuous operation of the filter rod machine processing the filter tow strip.
  • the aforementioned tolerance of 95%, better still 99% has been found to be sufficient.
  • the Twin Tow has a connection region which is such that 95% of the samples of a Twin Tows connect less than 50 transverse hooking filaments to 20 cm clamping length of the two Tow halves or partial strips. Further, 99% of the samples of a twin tow may have less than 100 cross-herniated filaments on a 20 cm chuck length of the substrips 12a, 12b.
  • the reference length of 20 cm of the Filter Tow strip section for measuring the maximum cross-cutting force can be chosen differently, for example longer.
  • the maximum cross-cutting force with a longer reference section increases accordingly.
  • the filter tow strip according to the embodiment of the invention in the connection region, i. in the region of low or low crosslink density 11 with respect to the cross-cutting force optimized.
  • a force-extensometer with clamping devices is used, which is a pair of jaws having a clamping length of 20 cm.
  • a 20 cm long filter tow is clamped in the longitudinal direction with the edges of the filter Tows in the jaw pair.
  • the jaws A in the force-extensometer are slowly moved apart so that the Twin Tow is first stretched. The required force is measured.
  • the crossing crimped filaments of the fiber strand form a nonwoven structure.
  • the dividing seam between the two twin tow halves opens.
  • the open area is characterized by the number of cross-linked or cross-wound filaments which form a cross pattern, for example.
  • the jaws are further moved apart, with the cross-cutting force passes through a maximum at the point at which the filaments that hold the two tow halves together are maximally stretched. The number of cross-linked filaments is then detected.
  • FIG. 2a different embodiments are shown, in which the partial strips 12a, 12b of the filter tow strip 10 are arranged differently.
  • the partial strips 12a, 12b are arranged side by side, the connecting region 11 and the partial strips 12a, 12b being arranged in one plane.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 2a can be produced, for example, by jointly crimping the two partial strips 12a, 12b, wherein the crosslinking density in the connection region 11 is adjusted so as to give a maximum transverse separating force of 20 cN.
  • the two partial strips 12a, 12b are overlapping, ie arranged at least partially or completely overlapping.
  • the connection of the two partial strips can be produced by mechanical needling or by needling by means of an air jet or a jet of water.
  • the partial strips are arranged overlapping one another in the edge region.
  • the partial strips 12a, 12b are arranged completely overlapping one above the other, with the connecting filaments 13 acting as a common central track. are formed.
  • the connecting filaments 13 and the connecting portion 11 are formed as an edge track. It is also possible, as shown in Fig.
  • a separating device 21 in the form of a separating wedge 23 is arranged upstream of both spreader nozzles 20 a, 20 b, the separating device 21 being arranged between the two spreader nozzles 20 a, 20 b.
  • the separating edge of the separating wedge 23 counter to the conveying direction of the filter tow strip 10, so that the filter tow strips 10 is divided by the separating edge.
  • the guide rings 22 a, 22 b may be arranged such that they exert a normal force component on the partial strips 12 a, 12 b.
  • the two spreader nozzles 20a, 20b can also be used as separating device 21 in that the two spreader nozzles 20a, 20b are arranged so that their inlet openings are not in line, so that a normal force component is exerted on the partial strips 12a, 12b (FIG. 3b) ).
  • the separation point of the filter tow strip 10 the spreader nozzles 20a, 20b upstream.
  • the separating wedge 23 according to FIG. 3 a may be provided at or in the region of the separation point of the obliquely arranged spreader nozzles 20 a, 20 b according to FIG. 3 b, as shown in FIG. 3 c.
  • the separating device 21 may be directly downstream of a force measuring device for measuring the voltage of the separated partial strips 12a, 12b in situ (not shown). Furthermore, a regulating device can be provided which acts in such a way that the conveying speed of the individual partial strips 12a, 12b is controlled by the voltage in the partial strips 12a, 12b.
  • the crosslinking density in the connection region between the two partial strips 12a, 12b is adjusted such that a maximum cross-separation force of the partial strips of 20 cN to a length of about 20 cm or this force is not exceeded.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by arranging the partial strips side by side side by side and crimping them together, the crosslinking density being controlled by the spacing of the partial strips from one another during crimping.
  • the crosslinking density can also be controlled by mechanical needling or by needling by means of an air jet or a water jet, if the partial strips 12a, 12b are arranged partially or completely overlapping each other.
  • the filter tow strip 10 can already be separated into partial strips 12a, 12b before the bale packaging, wherein the separated partial strips 12a, 12b are placed in different cans or in a divided can with several storage areas or in a single can. It is also possible to insert the undivided filter tow strip into a jug and pack it into a bale. In the latter case, the separation of the filter tow strip in the sub-strips 12a, 12b takes place in the production of the filter rods, wherein the maximum transverse separation force with which the filter tow strip 10 is divided, 20 cN to a length of 20 cm does not exceed.
  • a double filter rod machine is preferably used which has a separating device in front of the spreader nozzles, as shown in FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, 3 c.
  • a release force was measured at the predetermined tear line, ie in the range of the lower crosslinking density of 7-12 cN and in another example of 2.5-4 cN. These values relate to the lower and upper limits of the scatter of the measurement.
  • a maximum cross-cutting force of IcN - 10 cN, as well as of 0.5 cN - 5 cN was measured.
  • the number of connecting filaments or the number of crossing points was 2 - 20.
  • the maximum cross cutting force of 0.5 cN - 5 cN the number of connecting filaments or the number of crossing points was 1 - 10.
  • the above values for the the number of connecting filaments is the median (at most half of the observations in a sample have a value ⁇ m and at most half a value> m).
  • the cross-cutting force and the number of connecting filaments can be adjusted, for example, as explained above, by varying the spacing of the partial strips in the crimping machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une mèche filtre, en particulier une mèche double formée de filaments réticulés et crêpés qui forment au moins deux bandes partielles (12a, 12b) qui sont interconnectées par une section de densité de réticulation réduite (11), les filaments de liaison (13) étant en boucles croisées et/ou assemblés, de manière à former des points d'intersection (14). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que la force de coupe transversale maximale des bandes partielles (12a, 12b) n'excède pas 20 cN sur une longueur d'environ 20 cm de la mèche filtre (10) et/ou en ce que le nombre de filaments de liaison (13) n'excède pas 200 filaments assemblés et/ou en boucles croisées sur une longueur d'environ 20 cm de la mèche filtre (10) lorsqu'ils sont soumis à une force de coupe transversale maximale.
PCT/EP2008/010297 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Mèche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procédé de production de mèche filtre et procédé de production de tiges de filtre WO2009083093A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA201009137A UA100541C2 (ru) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Лента фильтровального жгута и способ ее изготовления, машина для изготовления фильтрующего мундштука и способ изготовления фильтрующих мундштуков
CN2008801252820A CN101925310A (zh) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 滤嘴丝束条、滤棒成型机、用于制造滤嘴丝束条的方法和用于制造滤棒的方法
CA2710316A CA2710316A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Meche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procede de production de meche filtre et procede de production de tiges de filtre
PL08868627T PL2222195T3 (pl) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Pompka kabla filtrowego, maszyna do wytwarzania sztabek filtrowych, sposób wytwarzania pasma kabla filtrowego i sposób wytwarzania sztabek filtrowych
JP2010538399A JP5378402B2 (ja) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 フィルタートウストリップ、フィルターロッド装置、フィルタートウストリップの製造方法、及びフィルターロッドの製造方法
BRPI0819565-0A BRPI0819565B1 (pt) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Fita de cabo de acetato, máquina de fita de filtro, método para fabricar fitas de cabo de acetato, método para fabricar fitas de filtro feitas de filamentos reticulados e frisados
EP08868627A EP2222195B1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Mèche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procédé de production de mèche filtre et procédé de production de tiges de filtre
RU2010130569/12A RU2500314C2 (ru) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Лента для фильтра tow, машина для изготовления жгута фильтрующего материала, способ изготовления ленты фильтра tow и способ изготовления жгутов фильтрующего материала
AT08868627T ATE515199T1 (de) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Filtertowstreifen, filterstabmaschine, verfahren zum herstellen von filtertowstreifen und verfahren zum herstellen von filterstäben
KR20107015513A KR101495945B1 (ko) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 필터 토우 스트럽, 필터 로드 기계, 필터 토우 스트립 및 필터 로드 생산 방법
US12/809,932 US20110011413A1 (en) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Filter tow strip, filter rod machine, method for producing filter tow strips and method for producing filter rods

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007061932A DE102007061932A1 (de) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Filtertowstreifen, Filterstabmaschine, Verfahren zum Herstellen von Filtertowstreifen und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Filterstäben
DE102007061932.6 2007-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009083093A2 true WO2009083093A2 (fr) 2009-07-09
WO2009083093A3 WO2009083093A3 (fr) 2009-09-11

Family

ID=40689703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/010297 WO2009083093A2 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-04 Mèche filtre, machine pour tiges de filtre, procédé de production de mèche filtre et procédé de production de tiges de filtre

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US20110011413A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2222195B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5378402B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101495945B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101925310A (fr)
AR (1) AR070041A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE515199T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0819565B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2710316A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007061932A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2368368T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2222195T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2500314C2 (fr)
TW (1) TW200934398A (fr)
UA (1) UA100541C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009083093A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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DE102013015804A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102013015802A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102013015803A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-04-09 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel

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DE102007061933A1 (de) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Rhodia Acetow Gmbh Filter Tow Ballen, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Filter Tow Ballens sowie Filter Tow Streifen

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013015804A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102013015802A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102013015804B4 (de) * 2013-09-24 2015-04-02 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel
DE102013015803A1 (de) 2013-09-24 2015-04-09 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Filtertowmaterial für die Herstellung von Filtern für stabförmige Rauchartikel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110011413A1 (en) 2011-01-20
WO2009083093A3 (fr) 2009-09-11
UA100541C2 (ru) 2013-01-10
BRPI0819565A2 (pt) 2015-05-05
BRPI0819565B1 (pt) 2019-06-18
ES2368368T3 (es) 2011-11-16
JP5378402B2 (ja) 2013-12-25
KR20100103823A (ko) 2010-09-28
RU2010130569A (ru) 2012-01-27
AR070041A1 (es) 2010-03-10
KR101495945B1 (ko) 2015-02-25
TW200934398A (en) 2009-08-16
DE102007061932A1 (de) 2009-06-25
RU2500314C2 (ru) 2013-12-10
EP2222195B1 (fr) 2011-07-06
PL2222195T3 (pl) 2011-12-30
CN101925310A (zh) 2010-12-22
EP2222195A2 (fr) 2010-09-01
JP2011506793A (ja) 2011-03-03
ATE515199T1 (de) 2011-07-15
CA2710316A1 (fr) 2009-07-09

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