WO2009079909A1 - Processus catalytique intégré de réaction-rectification et dispositif spécialisé associé - Google Patents

Processus catalytique intégré de réaction-rectification et dispositif spécialisé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009079909A1
WO2009079909A1 PCT/CN2008/001895 CN2008001895W WO2009079909A1 WO 2009079909 A1 WO2009079909 A1 WO 2009079909A1 CN 2008001895 W CN2008001895 W CN 2008001895W WO 2009079909 A1 WO2009079909 A1 WO 2009079909A1
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section
reaction
tower
liquid
catalyst
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhibing Zhang
Zheng Zhou
Youting Wu
Min Shao
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Priority to US12/745,709 priority Critical patent/US8721842B2/en
Publication of WO2009079909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009079909A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/05Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds
    • C07C41/06Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/009Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in combination with chemical reactions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/085Feeding reactive fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/12Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
    • B01J8/125Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow with multiple sections one above the other separated by distribution aids, e.g. reaction and regeneration sections
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/03Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2
    • C07C29/04Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/08Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00004Scale aspects
    • B01J2219/00006Large-scale industrial plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel catalytically reactive distillation integration process, and more particularly to a catalytic reaction and a rectification separation process.
  • Ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl lactate, methyl t-butyl ether and other esters, ethers are important chemical raw materials in the chemical industry, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate It is used as a raw material for coatings, perfumes, organic synthesis intermediates and as a solvent for various organic compounds; it can also be used as an extractant in various petroleum processing and pharmaceutical processes, as a component of a flavoring agent, and the like. Methyl lactate is also an important organic chemical raw material and an important fine chemical, widely used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical and other industries.
  • Methyl lactate is non-toxic, soluble, non-volatile, biodegradable, and is a green solvent with great development value. Hydrolysis of methyl lactate is also the best way to obtain high-purity polylactic acid.
  • methyl tert-butyl ether As an unleaded gasoline additive, methyl tert-butyl ether has excellent antiknock properties. It has good miscibility with gasoline, less water absorption, and no pollution to the environment. The use of tetraethyl lead has been limited by the increase in environmental protection requirements in the past decade, and methyl tert-butyl ether has been widely used.
  • the system is particularly suitable for the preparation of esters by esterification, the preparation of alcohols by hydration reaction, the dehydration reaction of alcohols or the enol addition reaction to prepare ethers, and is also suitable for the hydrogenation reaction and separation of petrochemicals, as well as olefins and alkanes. Oxidation or peroxidation and separation of products, etc.
  • the catalysts It is either solid or liquid.
  • a one or more column rectification process can be employed. In the end, it can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the process, greatly improve the reaction and separation efficiency, significantly save construction investment, and improve production safety.
  • a catalytic reaction, distillation integration process as shown in Figure 1, which comprises the following steps: Step 1. From the storage tank G-01 and the storage tank G-02 The two reaction materials are preheated by the preheaters 1 and 2, respectively, and mixed with the catalyst, and then enter the catalytic reaction from the feed port, and the spray agitation reaction section 6 in the middle of the rectification integration tower T-01, the jet stirring reaction Section 6 is a reactor-like reactor in the middle of the catalytic reaction, distillation distillation tower T-01, step 2. The reaction material in the jet stirring reaction section 6 enters the centrifugal pump through the filtered plug-in tube and the pipe 6-21.
  • Step 3 A filter overflow pipe 7 is arranged in the reaction section. After reaching a certain height, the reaction liquid can freely enter the catalytic reaction through the pipeline 6-9, and the liquid distributor 8 in the lower part of the fine integration tower T-01 After good distribution, enter the stripping section packing layer 9 of the integrated tower T-01, step 4. Enter the catalytic reaction, the material of the stripping section 9 of the fine tantalum integration tower T-01 is in the stripping section 9, and can be fractionated and separated.
  • a part of the liquid flowing out from the bottom of the integrated tower T-01 enters the product rectification tower T-03 for further separation, and a part is heated into steam by the reboiler 10, and then enters the lifting section 9 of the integrated tower T-01, step 5
  • the rising vapor phase of the stripping section 9 of the integrated column T-01 enters the set after passing through the pipe 9-4 and the gas distributor 5
  • the rectification section 4 of the tower T-01 continues to be separated, and the liquid descending from the rectification section 4 flows directly into the reaction section of the catalytic reaction and the rectification integration tower T-01, and continues to participate in the reaction, after being separated by the rectification section 4
  • the vapor phase is condensed in the overhead condenser 12, the condensate enters the oil moisture phaser 11 for phase separation, the oil phase is refluxed into the top of the rectifying section of the integrated column T-01, and the aqueous phase is passed through the line 11- ⁇ -02.
  • the main component of the feed liquid entering the dehydration tower ⁇ -02 is water, containing a small amount of organic oil phase Step 6.
  • the vapor phase of the column is completely condensed by the condenser 25 and then enters the condensate collector 26; the condensate is partially refluxed, and the other portion is returned again via the pipe 26-6.
  • the bottom liquid of the distillation column ⁇ -03 is a high boiling fraction, a part of which enters the storage tank through the bottom line 29, and a part is heated into steam by the reboiler 27 and then enters The bottom of the distillation column ⁇ -03.
  • the solid catalyst needs to be replaced after a period of operation, and the steps are as follows: Step 1.
  • the separation tank 20 leads to a valve 17 on the pipeline of the centrifugal pump 21, and closes the valve 14 of the reaction tube 6 to the pipeline of the centrifugal pump 21, and the high-efficiency filtration filter 19 is provided in the catalyst solid-liquid separation tank 20, the liquid The solid catalyst particles contained in the sieve are trapped on the filter screen by the sieve, and the liquid phase liquid is returned to the reaction section through the pump 21-6 through the pump 21, step 2.
  • the above catalytic reaction and fine enthalpy integration process can be applied to the reaction of an acid with an alcohol to produce an ester, the olefin to be added with water to produce an alcohol or an olefin to form an ether.
  • the rectification section is actually a fractionation column, which may be a plate column or a packed column, because of the Maragoni effect, preferably a plate column, a gas distributor 5 at the bottom of the rectification section 4, and a column top at the top of the rectification section
  • the condenser 12 and the oil moisture phase device, the spray agitating reaction section 6 has a top cover and a lower bottom, and the top cover may be transparent or sealed, and the spray stirring reaction section 6 has
  • the spray agitating reaction section 6 also has a filter overflow pipe 7, which leads to the liquid distributor 8 at the top of the stripping section 9, when the liquid in the reaction section 6 reaches a certain temperature.
  • the liquid distributor 8 overflowing to the top of the stripping section 9 flows into the stripping section 9, which is actually a fractionating tower, which may be a packed column or a plate column, in order to make the pressure drop of the stripping section 9 Smaller, preferably the packed column, the bottom of the stripping section 9 has a bottom tube, and the bottom tube flows out of the crude product liquid, a part of which is heated by the reboiler 10 and then returned to the lower part of the stripping section 9 for stripping Section 9 provides thermal energy to maintain a normal fractionation operation.
  • the top vapor of the stripping section 9 passes through the outer tube 9-4 to the gas distributor at the bottom of the rectifying section 4, enters the rectifying section 4 for rectification, and the bottom of the rectifying section 4
  • the high boiling fraction is refluxed to the jet stirred reaction zone 6.
  • the feed pipe on the upper part of the jet stirring reaction section 6 has a catalyst feeding device 3 and a valve
  • the bottom of the column has a conduit leading to the catalyst solid-liquid separator 20
  • the catalyst solid-liquid separator 20 has a pipe connected to the centrifugal pump 21, and the catalyst solid-liquid separator 20 has a high-efficiency filter screen which can be used for replacing the catalyst.
  • the middle part of the tower is a fully mixed stirred tank, which consists of a high speed jet pump, a pipe, a heat exchanger, a circulation pump and a filter overflow pipe.
  • the liquid phase jet mixing and mixing system can not only make the reaction system basically achieve full-mix reaction, but also be safe and reliable, and can be operated continuously;
  • the heating and cooling system consisting of a heat exchanger connected in series with the pump and the external pipeline can add or remove heat to the reaction system in time according to the wishes, and the temperature regulation can be easily realized.
  • the circulating pump and the catalyst solid-liquid separation tank 20 are formed.
  • the catalyst renewal system makes the replacement of new and old catalysts convenient and fast, without any gas liquid leakage, and the whole process is continuously operated without affecting normal production; (4) The jet stirred reactor in the middle of the reaction rectification tower, wherein the liquid phase By overflowing with the stripping section of the column, the vapor phase can rise freely into the rectifying section of the column; and the rising vapor phase of the rising section passes through a bypass pipe and enters the rectifying section, and the liquid falling from the rectification column The phase is directly passed to the jet stirred reactor for further reaction.
  • the vapor-liquid organic communication between the reaction and the separation is truly realized, and the heat and mass transfer are integrated; (5)
  • the present invention can be applied to the above-mentioned as long as the structure and the number of the separation column are appropriately modified. And all other types of production processes.
  • the process of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Since the reaction product in the reactor is continuously removed from the system by rectification separation, the equilibrium of the reaction is shifted in the direction of product formation, which is favorable for increasing the reaction conversion rate: (2) The heat generated by the reaction is directly used for the rectification process, and the energy consumption is low; (3) only one tower can complete the two processes of reaction and refining at the same time, saving investment; (4) The injection reactor used in the present invention can be The gas phase above the reaction material (usually a liquid-solid mixture) is repeatedly sucked to the bottom of the reactor, which is beneficial to improve the utilization of the raw materials, especially for gas phase reactions involving hydrogenation or oxidation; (5) in the jet reactor The catalyst particles are suspended in the reactor and flow with the reaction materials, and such contact state is very advantageous for accelerating the reaction rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the specification and the embodiment 1 of the present invention. among them:
  • 1, 2 is acetic acid and n-butanol feed preheater
  • 3 is catalyst feeding device
  • 4 is tower T-01 fine boring section
  • 5 is gas distributor
  • 6 is catalytic reaction section
  • 7 is filter overflow pipe
  • 8 is a liquid distributor
  • 9 is a T-01 stripping section
  • 10, 24, 27 are reboilers
  • 11, 23 are oil moisture phaseifiers
  • 12, 22, 25 are tower top condensers
  • 13, 14 16, 17, 18, 30 are valves, 9-4, 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 9-T-03, 11-T-02, 26-6, 23-4, 21-6 Pipe, 15 for heat exchanger, 19 for filter, 20 for filter, 21, 31, 32 for pump, 26 for condensate collector, 28 for water outlet pipe, 29 for butyl acetate outlet pipe, 33 for injection Blender.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. among them:
  • 1, 2 is dihydro myrcene and water feed preheater
  • 3 is catalyst feeding device
  • 4 is tower T-01 rectifying section
  • 5 is gas distributor
  • 6 is catalytic reaction section
  • 7 is filter overflow Tube
  • 8 is liquid distributor
  • 9 is tower T-01
  • 10, 24, 27 are reboilers
  • 11, 26 are condensate collectors
  • 12, 22, 25 are tower top condensers
  • 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 30 are valves, 9-4 , 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 9-T-03, 11- ⁇ -02, 23-6, 21-6 for pipes, 15 for heat exchangers, 19 for filters, 20 for filter tanks 21, 32, 33 are pumps
  • 23 is phase separator
  • 28 is water outlet pipe
  • 29 is organic heavy component outlet pipe
  • 30 is organic light component outlet pipe
  • 31 is dihydromyrcene alcohol outlet pipe
  • 34 is Spray the agitator.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. among them:
  • 1 is methanol feed preheater
  • 2 is isobutylene feed preheater
  • 3 is catalyst feed device
  • 4 is tower T-01 rectification section
  • 5 is gas distributor
  • 6 catalytic reaction section
  • 7 is Filter overflow tube
  • 8 is liquid distributor
  • 9 is tower T-01 stripping section
  • 10, 24 is reboiler
  • 11 is partial condenser
  • 12 is vapor phase channel tube
  • 13, 14, 16, 17 , 18, 25, 29 are valves
  • 21, 29, 30 are pumps
  • 23-4 21-6 is the pipe
  • 15 is the heat exchanger
  • 19 19 is the filter
  • 20 is the filter tank
  • 22 is the top condenser
  • 23 is the condensate collector
  • 26 is the liquid phase channel
  • 27 is the water washer
  • 28 It is a methyl tert-butyl ether outlet pipe
  • 29 is a water outlet pipe
  • 33
  • the production equipment is shown in Figure 1.
  • the catalytic reaction and distillation integrated tower T-01 has a diameter of 0.4 m and a total height of 12 m, wherein the reaction section 6 is 1.5 m (?) high, and the rectification section 4 is 4.5 m high.
  • the height of the section 9 and the tower is 6 meters (?), and the catalyst is a high-temperature resistant acid ion exchange resin.
  • the dehydration tower ⁇ -02 is 9 meters high, of which the rectification section is 3 meters high, and the stripping section and tower crucible are 6 meters.
  • the height of ⁇ -03 is 26 meters, of which the rectification section is 10 meters high, and the stripping section and tower height are 16 meters.
  • the operation process is as follows:
  • the ratio of the amount of acetic acid to n-butanol is passed through the preheater 1, 2 through the preheater 1, 2 into the reaction zone 6, and the catalyst and feed liquid are mixed together into the reaction zone.
  • the feed liquid is passed through a filter pipette, through a pipe 6-21, heated by a pump 21 and a preheater 15, and then introduced into the reaction section 6 via a pipe 21-6 and a subsonic liquid phase jet agitator 33.
  • the linear velocity of the liquid phase in the jet agitator 33 can be adjusted between 150 and 360 m/s, generally controlled at 260 m/s, and the reaction liquid in the autoclave is sufficiently contacted with the catalyst under high turbulent flow conditions.
  • the average residence time of the reaction liquid in the reaction zone 6 was controlled to be about 30 minutes, at which time the reaction was near equilibrium.
  • a filter overflow pipe 7 is provided in the reaction vessel to allow only the liquid phase to flow out, and the solid phase is trapped in the kettle.
  • the liquid phase is uniformly distributed through the valve 13 through the conduit 6-9 into the liquid distributor 8, and then enters the stripping section 9, separating the components in the stripping section.
  • the water content is lower than 19 ppm, the oil phase is refluxed, and the water phase is separated into the dehydration tower T-02 through the pipe 11-T-02, and the oil phase in the water phase is further recovered.
  • the main component of the feed liquid entering the tower T-02 is water, containing a small amount of oil phase (butyl acetate and n-butanol), and the liquid is separated in the tower T-02 through the overhead condenser 22 into the phase separator 23, and the phase separation After the aqueous phase reflux, the oil phase has the highest butanol content of 39%, butyl acetate and water each account for about 25%, only a small amount of acetic acid, and the oil phase returns to the distillation of the tower T-01 via the pipeline 23-4.
  • the 3% of the acetic acid content is 1.3%.
  • the butyl alcohol content is less than 42 ppm
  • the butyl acetate content is less than 1 ppm
  • the acetic acid content is 1.3%.
  • the liquid phase output from the stripping section 9 of the column T-01 is separated into the rectification column T-03 through the pipe 9-T-03, and its main component is n-butyl acetate, butanol and a certain amount of acetic acid, the tower T-03
  • the top vapor phase is condensed by condenser 25 into the condensate collector 26 for collection, a portion of which is refluxed, and the remainder is again passed through the conduit 26-6 into the catalytic reaction, in the T-10 reaction section of the fine enthalpy integration tower, high purity n-butyl acetate. (99.95%)
  • the product is discharged from the bottom of the tower T-03.
  • the primary conversion rate of acetic acid can be increased by more than 12% to 81%.
  • the reaction and separation of the system is an organic whole that can be operated continuously.
  • the production capacity can be increased by about two times, and the unit production cost of butyl acetate is reduced by 24%.
  • Example 2 Hydration reaction to produce dihydromyrcenol ⁇ )
  • Dihydromyrcene is used as a raw material to react with water under the action of an acidic catalyst to form a dihydromyrcenol high-grade perfume raw material.
  • the catalytic reaction and distillation integrated tower T-01 has a diameter of 1.2 meters and a total height of 28 meters, wherein the reaction section 6 is 2.5 meters high, the rectification section 4 is 14.5 meters high, the stripping section 9 and the tower height are 11 meters.
  • a high-temperature resistant, strongly acidic ion exchange resin is used.
  • ⁇ -02 ⁇ is 25 meters, of which the rectification section is 10 meters high, and the stripping section and tower height are 15 meters.
  • ⁇ -03 is 36 meters high, of which the rectification section is 16 meters high, and the stripping section and tower height are 20 meters.
  • the operation process is as follows: The ratio of the liquid dihydrogen laurylate (purity of 88%) to the amount of water is 1: 1.2?
  • the preheater 1, 2 enters the reaction section 6 from the feed port, the catalyst and the feed The liquids are mixed and then enter the reaction section together.
  • the reaction liquid is withdrawn through a centrifugal pipette 21 by a centrifugal pump 21, heated by an external preheater 15, and then introduced into the reaction section 6 via a subsonic liquid phase jet agitator 34 to effect forced jet agitation.
  • the linear velocity of the liquid in the jet agitator 33 can be adjusted between 150 and 360 m/s as needed, and is generally controlled at about 330 m/s to ensure sufficient mixing of the oil and water phases.
  • the reaction liquid in the reaction zone 6 is sufficiently contacted with the catalyst in a high turbulent state.
  • the average residence time of the reaction solution in the reaction zone was controlled to be about 25 minutes, at which time the reaction was substantially close to equilibrium.
  • Filter overflow pipe 7 is provided in the reactor, only allowed The liquid phase flows out and the solid phase is trapped in the kettle.
  • the liquid phase is uniformly distributed through the valve 13 into the liquid distributor 8 through the pipe 6-9, and then enters the raking section 9, and the components are separated in the stripping section.
  • the main component is the organic heavy component, which will be discharged into the heavy component storage tank through the distillation tower T-03 bottom pump.
  • the primary conversion rate of dihydromyrcene can be increased by more than 18% to 88%.
  • the reaction time is only about 1/3 of the original.
  • the reaction and separation of the system is an organic whole that can be operated continuously.
  • the production capacity of the unit can be increased by about two times, and the energy consumption per unit of dihydromyrcenol is reduced by about 56%.
  • Example 3 Production of methanol and isobutylene etherification reaction ⁇ two tower system
  • the catalytic reaction and distillation integrated tower T-01 used in this embodiment has a diameter of 0.3 meters and a total height of 18 meters, wherein the reaction section 6 is 1.2 meters high, the fine section 4 is 8 meters high, the stripping section 9 and the tower height are high. It is 8.8 meters.
  • the dehydration tower ⁇ -02 is 35 meters high, of which the rectifying section is 15 meters high, and the lifting section and tower height are 20 meters. The operation process is as follows:
  • the liquid phase industrial grade methanol After the liquid phase industrial grade methanol is heated by the preheater 1, it enters the catalytic reaction from the feed port, and is in the reaction section 6 in the middle of the T-01 tower of the fine enthalpy.
  • the catalyst is mixed with the catalyst into the reaction section.
  • the butene raw material (containing about 16% of isobutylene) is vaporized by the heater 2 and then enters the reaction section 6 through the bottom pipe of the reaction section 6.
  • the liquid phase in the reaction section 6 is pumped out by the pump 21 through the filter pipette, and passes through the pipeline 6-21. After heating with the external preheater 15, it enters the reaction section 6 via the subsonic liquid phase jet agitator 33 to form a forced injection agitation cycle.
  • the linear velocity of the liquid in the jet agitator 33 can be adjusted between 150 and 360 m/s as needed, and is generally controlled at about 350 m/s to ensure sufficient mixing of the gas and liquid phases. Very good.
  • the jet agitator 33 forms a negative pressure at the throat suction port, and the suction port is connected with the vapor phase channel tube 12 provided on the top cover of the reaction section 6, and the vapor phase mixture of the unreacted isobutylene and the like is sucked into the jet stirring.
  • the vessel 33 it is mixed with the liquid phase of the idling motion, and is again injected into the lower middle portion of the reaction section 6 to carry out the reaction, so that the cycle is repeated, which is the difference between this process and the first and second embodiments.
  • reaction vapor-liquid two phases are in sufficient contact with the catalyst under high turbulent conditions. As long as the average residence time of the vapor-liquid two-phase reactant is controlled, the complete progress of the reaction can be ensured.
  • a filter overflow pipe 7 is provided in the reaction vessel to allow only the liquid phase to flow out, and the solid phase is trapped in the kettle. The liquid phase is uniformly distributed through the valve 13 through the conduit 6-9 into the liquid distributor 8, and then enters the stripping section 9, separating the components in the stripping section.
  • the insoluble vapor phase (the remaining C4 component) is sent to a storage tank or dedicated piping system.
  • the aqueous methanol solution was sent to a dehydration column T-02 for separation. Industrial grade methanol is obtained at the top of the column, and water is obtained from the bottom of the column. After comprehensive utilization by heat, it is discharged outside the tower.
  • the liquid phase of the refining tower T-01 stripping section 9 is mainly composed of MTBE and other azeotropic components. After the stripping section 9 is sufficiently separated, the finished MTBE can be obtained from the bottom of the column.
  • the present embodiment can greatly improve the reaction conversion rate, selectivity and greatly shorten the reaction time.
  • the conversion of isobutylene can be more than 99.9%, and the reaction time is only about 40% of the fixed bed catalytic etherification reaction.
  • the reaction and separation of the system is an organic whole, continuous operation, and the heat can be comprehensively utilized. The production capacity and heat utilization rate of the device have been greatly improved.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

一种催化反应、 精馏集成工艺及其专用设备
发明领域 本发明涉及一种新型催化反应精馏集成工艺, 具体地说, 它涉及催化反应和精馏分 离两过程。 背景技术'
甲酸乙酯、 乙酸乙酯、 醋酸丁酯、 乳酸甲酯、 甲基叔丁基醚等酯类、 醚类物质是化 学工业中的重要化工原料, 酯类物质如乙酸乙酯、 醋酸丁酯可用作涂料、 香料、 有机合 成中间体原料和作为多种有机化合物的溶剂;还可在各种石油加工和制药过程中用作萃 取剂,也可作调香剂的组分等。乳酸甲酯也是重要的有机化工原料和重要的精细化学品, 广泛应用于食品、 饮料、 医药等行业。 乳酸甲酯无毒、 溶解性好、 不易挥发,可生物降 解,是极具开发价值的绿色溶剂, 乳酸甲酯的水解也是得到高纯度聚乳酸的最佳途径。 甲基叔丁基醚作为无铅汽油添加剂,具有优良的抗爆性,它与汽油的混溶性好,吸水少, 对环境无污染。近十年由于环境保护的要求提高, 限制了四乙基铅的使用, 甲基叔丁基 醚获得了广泛的应用。此外, 石化工业中烯烃、烷烃的氧化和过氧化反应与产品分离过 程, 烯烃的水合反应和分离过程, 以及多种加氢反应过程均需要进一步改进或强化相应 的催化反应与分离技术, 以提高劳动生产率, 节能降耗和改善生产安全水平。 以目前工业上醋酸正丁酯的生产为例,其方法大多使用硫酸或磺酸型阳离子交换树 脂作催化剂,采用间歇或固定床反应生产。这些生产方法的缺点很多:若采用间歇操作, 生产效能低, 硫酸催化剂对设备腐蚀严重, 从产品中分离催化剂需用碱中和, 催化剂不 能重复使用等等; 若采用固体酸催化剂固定床反应工艺, 则不仅反应时间长, 转化率低
(通常为 50%左右), 而且, 原料丁醇需要过量较多, 造成反应后丁醇分离困难, 操作 成本加大。 由于这些原因, 装置的一次性投资和维修费用都居高不下。 因此, 必须寻求 新的生产工艺方法, 以解决上述问题。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种亚音速或跨音速液体喷射搅拌反应装置与精熘塔有机结合 形成的一种强化的催化反应精馏集成系统。 该系统特别适用于通过酯化反应制备酯类、 水合反应制备醇类、醇类脱水反应或烯醇加成反应制备醚类, 也适用于石化物质的加氢 反应与分离, 以及烯烃、烷烃的氧化或过氧化反应和产品的分离等等。其中的催化剂可 以是固体型或液体型。同时根据混合物的不同分离要求,可以采用一塔或多塔精馏流程。 最终达到有效降低过程能耗, 大幅提髙反应和分离效率, 明显节省建设投资, 以及提高 生产安全性的目的。 本发明的目的可通过以下技术解决方案来实现: 一种催化反应、 精馏集成工艺, 如图 1所示, 它包括以下步骤: 步骤 1.从储罐 G-01和储罐 G-02将两种反应原料经预热器 1和 2分别预热、 并与 催化剂混合后从进料口进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01中部的喷射搅拌反应段 6内, 所述的喷射搅拌反应段 6为催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01中部的一个反应釜似的反应器, 步骤 2. 喷射搅拌反应段 6内的反应物料经过滤式的插底管和管道 6-21进入离心泵 21, 经离心泵加压后, 经换热器 15加热或冷却, 进入喷射搅拌反应段 6内的亚音速或 跨音速喷射搅拌器 33, 反应物料被高速喷射入喷射搅拌反应段 6, 对反应段 6内的固液 两相进行高效的混合, 强化反应过程的传热和传质效率, 可以大幅提高反应速度, 转化 率, 甚至选择性, 这是由于液体的循环速率相当于反应段液体实际体积的许多倍(一般 为 10— 20倍), 故在反应段内外形成了高度强制湍流, 固体颗粒状(或粉末状)催化剂 在高度湍流的液流作用下悬浮于反应段液相内, 并在液相内作高速的随机运动, 这样, 整个反应段就接近于一个全混反应釜。 因此, 从微观上讲, 反应物分子与催化剂活性颗 粒之间, 反应物分子与反应物分子之间均保持有极为充分的接触。 因此, 无论是其中的 传热还是传质, 均可接近理想化状态, 可以极大地提髙分子间的扩散速率, 从而有效提 高反应速度和转化率。对于如上所述的大多数化学反应,可以有效地抑制副反应的进行, 提高反应的选择性。 步骤 3. 反应段内设有过滤式溢流管 7,反应液在达到一定高度后,可自由地经管道 6— 9进入催化反应、 精镏集成塔 T-01下部的液体分布器 8, 经良好分布后, 进入集成 塔 T-01的提馏段填料层 9中, 步骤 4.进入催化反应、 精镏集成塔 T-01的提馏段 9的物料在提馏段 9中, 得以分 馏分离, 从集成塔 T-01底出来的液流一部分进入产品精馏塔 T-03进一步的分离, 一部 分则经再沸器 10加热成蒸汽后进入集成塔 T-01的提镏段 9, 步骤 5.集成塔 T-01的提馏段 9上升的汽相经管道 9一 4和气体分布器 5后进入集 成塔 T-01的精馏段 4继续分离, 而精馏段 4下降的液体直接流入催化反应、 精馏集成 塔 T-01的反应段 6内, 继续参与反应, 经精馏段 4分离后的汽相在塔顶冷凝器 12中冷 凝, 冷凝液进入油水分相器 11进行分相, 油相回流入集成塔 T-01的精馏段顶部, 水相 则经管道 11- Τ-02,进入脱水塔 Τ-02中部,在脱水塔 Τ-02内进行脱水分离, 以进一步回 收水相中混杂的油相, 进入脱水塔 Τ-02的料液主要成分为水, 含有少量的有机油相, 步骤 6.上述进入脱水塔 Τ-02的料液在脱水塔 Τ-02内分离后,油水两相上升至塔顶, 经冷凝器 22全凝后进入分相器 23,分相后水相回流入脱水塔 Τ-02塔顶,油相则经管道 23— 4回到塔 T-01的精馏段 4内, 而进入塔 Τ-02提馏段内的水 (99. 5%以上为水, 其 佘为有机相), 经逐级提纯后从塔 Τ-02底部管道 28排出系统。 步骤 7.上述步骤 4中, 经精镏塔 Τ-03分离后, 塔顶汽相经冷凝器 25全凝后进入 冷凝液收集器 26; 冷凝液一部分回流, 另一部分经管道 26— 6再次返回塔 T-01中部的 反应段 6内,而精馏塔 Τ-03的塔底液为高沸点馏份,一部分通过塔底管道 29进入储罐, 一部分经再沸器 27加热成蒸汽后再进入精馏塔 Τ-03底部。 上述的催化反应、精馏集成工艺, 在运行一段时间后需更换固体催化剂, 其步骤如 下: 步骤 1.打开反应段 6底部通向催化剂固液分离槽 20的管道上的阀门 16和催化剂 固液分离槽 20通向离心泵 21管道上的阀门 17, 关闭反应段 6内插底管通向离心泵 21 管道上的阀门 14, 催化剂固液分离槽 20内设有高效过滤滤网 19, 料液里含有的固体催 化剂颗粒被滤网截留在滤网上游, 而液相料液则通过泵 21经管道 21— 6重新返回反应 段内, 步骤 2. 当反应段 6内的催化剂全部被收集在催化剂固液分离槽 20内后,打开上述 的阀门 14, 关闭上述的阀门 16和阀门 17, 步骤 3. ¾储罐 G- 01和储罐 G-02通向催化反应、精馏集成塔 Τ- 01的反应段 6的管 道上有催化剂加料装置 3, 打开催化剂加料装置 3的盖子, 加入新催化剂颗粒, 然后, 关闭催化剂加料装置 3的盖子, 步骤 4. 打开催化剂加料装置 3的阀门,打开储罐 G- 01和储罐 G-02通向催化反应、 精馏集成塔 Τ- 01的反应段 6的管道上的阀门 30, 在液体反应原料的冲刷下, 催化剂加 料装置 3内的催化剂颗粒进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T- 01的反应段 6, 步骤 4. 关闭催化剂加料装置 3的阀门和阀门 30, 并从催化剂固液分离槽 20内清 除被更换的催化剂, 催化剂更换过程完成, 催化反应、 精镏集成工艺继续正常进行。 如此更换催化剂, 整个过程连续操作, 方便快捷, 无气体液体泄漏, 不影响整套生 产流程的正常运转。 上述的催化反应、 精镏集成工艺, 可以应用于酸与醇反应生产酯、烯烃加水生产醇 或烯烃加醇生产醚。 上述的催化反应、 精馏集成工艺的专用设备催化反应、精熘集成塔, 它由三部分组 成, 上部分为精馏段 4, 中间为喷射搅拌反应段 6, 下部分为提馏段 9, 精馏段实际上是 一个分馏塔, 它可以为板式塔或填料塔, 因为存在 Maragoni效应, 优选的为板式塔, 在精馏段 4的底部有气体分布器 5,精馏段顶部有塔顶冷凝器 12和油水分相器,喷射搅 拌反应段 6有顶盖和下底, 顶盖可以是通透的或密闭的, 喷射搅拌反应段 6上部有进料 口和进料管, 内部插有亚音速或跨音速喷射搅拌器和过滤式吸液管, 过滤式吸液管与离 心泵 21相连,离心泵 21出口与喷射搅拌器相通, 开动离心泵 21,可以使喷射搅拌反应 段 6内的液体不断循环, 并喷射剧烈搅拌, 喷射搅拌反应段 6内还有过滤式溢流管 7, 它通向提馏段 9顶部的液体分布器 8, 当反应段 6内的液体达到一定髙度后, 就自动地 溢流到提馏段 9顶部的液体分布器 8, 流入提馏段 9, 提馏段 9实际上也是一个分馏塔, 它可以是填料塔或板式塔, 为使提馏段 9的压降较小, 优选的是填料塔, 提馏段 9的底 部有塔底管, 塔底管流出粗产品液体, 其中一部分经过再沸器 10加热后再返回进入提 馏段 9的下部, 为提馏段 9提供热能, 维持正常的分馏操作, 提馏段 9顶部蒸汽通过外 侧管 9-4通向精馏段 4底部的气体分布器, 进入精馏段 4进行精馏, 精馏段 4底部的高 沸点馏份回流至喷射搅拌反应段 6。 上述的催化反应、精馏集成塔, 所述的喷射搅拌反应段 6上部的进料管上有催化剂 加料装置 3和阀门, 塔底有导管通向催化剂固液分离器 20, 催化剂固液分离器 20有管 道与离心泵 21相通, 催化剂固液分离器 20内有高效过滤滤网, 可以用于更换催化剂。 本发明与现有工艺的主要区别之处在于: (1 )塔的中部为一个全混式搅拌釜, 由高 速喷射泵、管道、换热器、循环泵和过滤式溢流管组成一套高速液相喷射搅拌混合系统, 不仅可使该反应系统基本实现全混反应, 而且安全可靠, 可以连续操作; (2)通过循环 泵与外部管线上串联的换热器组成的加热冷却系统,可以根据意愿及时地向反应系统添 加或取出热量, 极易实现控温调节; (3 )通过循环泵与催化剂固液分离槽 20组成的催 化剂更新系统, 使新老催化剂的更换方便快捷, 无任何气体液体泄漏, 整个过程保持连 续操作, 不影响正常生产; (4)反应精馏塔中部的喷射式搅拌反应釜, 其中的液相通过 溢流与该塔的提馏段相连, 汽相则可以自由上升进入塔的精馏段; 而提镏段上升的汽相 则通过一旁路管上升进入精馏段,精馏塔下降的液相则直接进入喷射式搅拌反应釜进一 步反应。 真正做到了反应与分离之间的汽液有机相通, 传热传质浑然于一体; (5)对于 非酯化反应, 只要适当修改分离塔器的结构与数量, 本发明即可适用于上述所及的其它 所有类型的生产过程。这使得本发明工艺具有以下优点: (1 ) 由于持续不断地将反应器 中的反应产物通过精馏分离移出系统, 使得反应的平衡向产物生成的方向移动, 有利于 提高反应转化率: (2)反应生成的热量直接为精馏过程利用, 能耗低; (3 )只需一座塔 就可同时完成反应和精熘两道工序, 节省了投资; (4)本发明所用的喷射反应器可将反 应物料(通常为液固混合物)上方的气相反复的吸送至反应器底部, 有利于提高原料利 用率, 尤其对于加氢或氧化等有气相参与的反应; (5)在喷射反应器中, 催化剂颗粒在 反应器中呈悬浮状态,随反应物料一起流动,这样的接触状态非常有利于加快反应速率。
以醋酸丁酯生产为例, 与传统的硫酸催化法相比, 相同规模的装置, 生产能力可提 高两倍以上, 反应转化率可提高 10%以上。设备的腐蚀大为减轻, 生产成本相应下降了 30%左右。 附图说明 图 1为本发明说明书和实施例 1的流程示意图。 其中:
1、 2为醋酸和正丁醇进料预热器, 3为催化剂加料装置, 4为塔 T-01精镏段, 5 为气体分布器, 6为催化反应段, 7为过滤式溢流管, 8为液体分布器, 9为塔 T-01提 馏段, 10、 24、 27为再沸器, 11、 23为油水分相器, 12、 22、 25为塔顶冷凝器, 13、 14、 16、 17、 18、 30为阀门, 9—4、 6—9、 6—20、 6—21、 9一 T-03、 11—T-02, 26—6、 23—4、 21— 6为管道, 15为热交换器, 19为滤网, 20为过滤槽, 21、 31、 32为泵, 26 为冷凝液收集器, 28为水出口管道, 29为醋酸丁酯出口管道, 33为喷射搅拌器。
图 2为本发明实施例 2的流程示意图。 其中:
1、 2为二氢月桂烯和水进料预热器, 3为催化剂加料装置, 4为塔 T-01精馏段, 5 为气体分布器, 6为催化反应段, 7为过滤式溢流管, 8为液体分布器, 9为塔 T-01提 馏段, 10、 24、 27为再沸器, 11、 26为冷凝液收集器, 12、 22、 25为塔顶冷凝器, 13、 14、 16、 17、 18、 30为阀门, 9—4、 6—9、 6— 20、 6—21、 9—T-03、 11— Τ-02, 23—6、 21— 6为管道, 15为热交换器, 19为滤网, 20为过滤槽, 21、 32、 33为泵, 23为分相 器, 28为水出口管道, 29为有机重组分出口管道, 30为有机轻组分出口管道, 31为二 氢月桂烯醇出口管道, 34为喷射搅拌器。
图 3为本发明实施例 3的流程示意图。 其中:
1为甲醇进料预热器, 2为异丁烯进料预热器, 3为催化剂加料装置, 4为塔 T-01 精馏段, 5、 31为气体分布器, 6为催化反应段, 7为过滤式溢流管, 8为液体分布器, 9为塔 T-01提馏段, 10、 24为再沸器, 11为部分冷凝器, 12为汽相通道管, 13、 14、 16、 17、 18、 25、 29为阀门, 21、 29、 30为泵, 9—4、 6—9、 6—20、 6-21, 11—4、 11 - 27、 27- Τ-02、 23—4、 21— 6为管道, 15为热交换器, 19为滤网, 20为过滤槽, 22 为塔顶冷凝器, 23为冷凝液收集器, 26为液相通道管, 27为水洗器, 28为甲基叔丁基 醚出口管道, 29为水出口管道, 33为喷射搅拌器。 具体实施方式 以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例 1: 酯化反应生产醋酸丁酯(三塔系统)
生产装置如图 1所示, 催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01直径为 0.4米, 总高 12米, 其 中反应段 6高为 1.5米 (? ), 精馏段 4高 4.5米, 提馏段 9及塔釜高为 6米(? ), 催 化剂采用耐高温的强酸性离子交换树脂。 脱水塔 Τ-02 高为 9米, 其中精馏段高 3米, 提馏段及塔釜髙为 6米。 Τ-03高为 26米, 其中精馏段高 10米, 提馏段及塔釜高为 16 米。 操作过程如下:
醋酸和正丁醇的物质的量之比按 1:1.1通过预热器 1、 2从进料口进入反应段 6内, 催化剂和进料液混合一起进入反应段。 反应约 5min后, 料液通过过滤式吸液管、 经管 道 6-21, 通过泵 21和预热器 15加热后再经管道 21— 6和亚音速液相喷射搅拌器 33进 入反应段 6,实现强制喷射搅拌,喷射搅拌器 33内液相的线速度可在 150— 360m/s之间 调节, 一般控制在达 260m/s,釜内反应料液在高湍流状态下与催化剂得到充分接触。控 制反应液在反应段 6的平均停留时间约为 30分钟, 这时, 反应接近平衡。 反应釜内设 有过滤式溢流管 7, 仅允许液相流出, 而将固相截留在釜内。 液相经阀门 13由管道 6— 9流入液体分布器 8被均匀分布后进入提馏段 9, 在提馏段分离各个组分。 从提馏段上升的汽相; 经管道 9一 4和气体分布器 5后进入精馏段 4, 精馏段 4分离 后的汽体在塔顶冷凝器 12的冷却下进入分相器 11分相, 油相中醋酸含量 15.34%,丁醇 含量 40.46%, 醋酸丁酯含量 44.20°/。, 水含量低于 19ppm, 油相回流, 水相经管道 11一 T - 02进入脱水塔 T-02进行分离, 进一步回收水相中的油相。 进入塔 T- 02的料液主要 成分为水, 含有少量的油相 (醋酸丁酯和正丁醇), 料液在塔 T-02内分离经塔顶冷凝器 22进入分相器 23, 分相后水相回流, 油相中丁醇含量最多, 达 39%, 醋酸丁酯和水各 占 25%左右, 只含少量的醋酸, 油相经管道 23— 4回到塔 T-01的精馏段 4内。 反应生 成的水从脱水塔 T-02底排出, 水中丁醇低于 42ppm, 醋酸丁酯的含量低于 lppm,醋酸含 量为 1. 3%。
从塔 T-01提馏段 9输出的液相, 经管道 9一 T- 03进入精馏塔 T-03分离, 其主要成 分为醋酸正丁酯、 丁醇和一定量的醋酸, 塔 T-03顶部汽相经冷凝器 25冷凝进入冷凝液 收集器 26收集, 一部分回流, 剩余部分经管道 26— 6再次进入催化反应、 精熘集成塔 T-01反应段 6内, 高纯度的醋酸正丁酯(99.95%)产品从塔 T- 03底排出。
本实施例与现有硫酸催化法相比, 醋酸的一次转化率可提高 12%以上, 达 81%。 系 统的反应和分离为一有机整体, 可连续化操作。 生产能力可提高两倍左右, 醋酸丁酯的 单位生产成本下降了 24%。 实施例 2: 水合反应生产二氢月桂烯醇 ί三塔系统)
以二氢月桂烯作为原料, 在酸性催化剂作用下, 与水反应生成二氢月桂烯醇 种高级香料原料。 催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01直径为 1.2米, 总高 28米, 其中反应段 6高为 2.5米,精馏段 4高 14.5米, 提馏段 9及塔釜高为 11米,催化剂采用耐高温的强 酸性离子交换树脂。 Τ-02 髙为 25米, 其中精馏段高 10米, 提馏段及塔釜高为 15米。 Τ-03 高为 36米, 其中精馏段高 16米, 提馏段及塔釜高为 20米。 操作过程如下: 液相二氢月桂炼(纯度为 88% )与水的物质的量之比为 1 : 1.2?通过预热器 1、 2从 进料口进入反应段 6内, 催化剂和进料液混合后一起进入反应段。在反应过程中, 反应 液经过过滤式吸液管由离心泵 21抽出,通过外部预热器 15加热后经亚音速液相喷射搅 拌器 34进入反应段 6, 实现强制喷射搅拌。 喷射搅拌器 33内液体的线速度可根据需要 在 150— 360m/s之间调节,一般控制在 330m/s左右, 以保证油水两相混合充分。 反应段 6内反应料液在高湍流状态下与催化剂得到充分接触。 控制反应液在反应段内的平均停 留时间约为 25分钟, 这时, 反应基本接近平衡。反应釜内设有过滤式溢流管 7, 仅允许 液相流出, 而将固相截留在釜内。液相经阀门 13由管道 6— 9流入液体分布器 8被均匀 分布后进入提熘段 9, 在提馏段分离各个组分。
从提馏段上升的汽相; 经管道 9一 4进入精馏段 4, 在精馏段 4分离后的汽相在塔顶 冷凝器 12的冷凝后进入冷凝液收集器 11, 其成分主要为二氢月桂烯、 水和某些有机轻 组分。 其中一部分回流, 另一部分则经管道 11一 T-02进入脱水塔 T-02进行分离。 在该 塔顶部得到水和某些有机轻组分(油相), 汽相在塔 T-02顶冷凝器 22冷凝后进入分相 器 23, 分相后水相回流, 油相(有机轻组分)被抽出塔外储存。如水相太多, 也可引部 分回反应釜。
从催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01的提馏段 9输出的液相, 其主要成分为二氢月桂烯 醇, 和某些有机重组分, 经管道 9一 T-03进入精馏塔 T-03分离, 精馏塔 T-03顶部汽相 中主要成分为产品二氢月桂烯醇, 纯度可达 99. 5%以上。 经冷凝器 25冷凝后进入冷凝 液收集器 26, 其中部分回流入塔, 另一部分则被引入产品储罐储存。 在精熘塔 T-03的 底部, 主要成分为有机重组分, 将通过精馏塔 T-03塔底泵排出进入重组分储罐。
本实施例与现有固定床催化水合法相比,二氢月桂烯的一次转化率可提高 18%以上, 达 88%。 反应时间仅相当于原来的 1/3左右。 系统的反应和分离为一有机整体, 可连续 化操作。装置的生产能力可提髙两倍左右,二氢月桂烯醇的单位生产能耗下降了 56%左 右。 实施例 3: 甲醇与异丁烯醚化反应生产 ΜΤΒΕί两塔系统)
以甲醇和异丁烯作为原料, 采用 AMBERLYST- 15催化剂 (由天津威德国际贸易有 限公司提供) ., 经醚化反应可得到重要化学品甲基叔丁基醚(简称 ΜΤΒΕ )。本实施例采 用的催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01直径为 0.3米, 总高 18米, 其中反应段 6高为 1.2米, 精镏段 4高 8米, 提馏段 9及塔釜高为 8.8米。 脱水塔 Τ-02高为 35米, 其中精馏段高 15米, 提镏段及塔釜高为 20米。 其操作过程如下:
液相工业级甲醇通过预热器 1加热后,从进料口进入催化反应、精镏集成塔 T-01塔 中部的反应段 6内, 催化剂与其混合一起进入反应段。 丁烯原料(其中含异丁烯约 16 % )经加热器 2汽化后经反应段 6底部管道进入反应段 6, 反应段 6内液相经过过滤式 吸液管由泵 21抽出, 通过管道 6-21和外部预热器 15加热后经亚音速液相喷射搅拌器 33进入反应段 6, 形成强制喷射搅拌循环。 喷射搅拌器 33内液体的线速度可根据需要 在 150— 360m/s之间调节, 一般控制在 350m/s左右, 以保证气液两相混合充分, 接触 很好。 喷射搅拌器 33在工作过程中, 在喉管吸入口处形成负压, 吸入口与反应段 6顶 盖上设置的汽相通道管 12相连, 将未及反应的异丁烯等汽相混合物吸入喷射搅拌器 33 内, 与髙速运动的液相混合, 并再次被喷入反应段 6的中下部再进行反应, 如此循环往 复, 这是这一工艺与实施例一和二的不同之处。反应汽液两相在高湍流状态下与催化剂 得到充分接触。只要控制好汽液两相反应物的平均停留时间, 就能保证该反应的完全进 行。 反应釜内设有过滤式溢流管 7, 仅允许液相流出, 而将固相截留在釜内。 液相经阀 门 13由管道 6— 9流入液体分布器 8被均匀分布后进入提馏段 9, 在提馏段分离各个组 分。
从提镏段上升的汽相;经管道 9一 4进入精馏段 4,在精馏段 4分离后,部分被冷凝, 其余汽相进入专设的水洗器 27洗涤吸收汽相中的甲醇。不溶性汽相(其余 C4成分)被 送入储罐或专用管道系统中。 甲醇水溶液被送入脱水塔 T-02进行分离。 在该塔顶部得 到工业级甲醇, 塔底则得到水, 经热综合利用后被排出塔外。
进入催化反应、精熘集成塔 T- 01提馏段 9的液相,其主要成分为 MTBE及其它共沸 组分, 在提馏段 9充分分离后, 塔底可得到成品 MTBE。
本实施例与现有固定床催化醚化反应, 或搅拌型气体鼓泡式气液醚化反应相比, 可 极大地提高反应转化率,选择性和大幅缩短反应时间。可实现异丁烯转化率 99.9%以上, 反应时间仅相当于固定床催化醚化反应的 40%左右。 且系统的反应和分离为一有机整 体, 连续化操作, 热量可综合利用。 装置的生产能力和热量利用率均有大幅提高。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种催化反应、 精馏集成工艺, 其特征是包括以下步骤: 步骤 1.从储罐(G-01 )和储罐(G-02)将两种反应原料经预热器(1和 2)分别预 热、 并与催化剂混合后从进料口进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 中部的喷射搅拌反 应段(6) 内, 所述的喷射搅拌反应段(6) 为催化反应、 精馏集成塔 T-01 中部的一个 反应釜似的反应器, 步骤 2. 喷射搅拌反应段(6) 内的反应物料经过滤式的插底管和管道(6-21 )进入 离心泵(21 ), 经离心泵加压后, 经换热器(15 )加热或冷却, 进入喷射搅拌反应段(6) 内的亚音速或跨音速喷射搅拌器(33), 反应物料被高速喷射入喷射搅拌反应段 (6), 将反应段(6) 内的固液两相进行高效的混合, 步骤 3. 反应段(6) 内设有过滤式溢流管(7), 反应液在达到一定高度后, 可自由 地经管道(6— 9)进入催化反应、精馏集成塔(T-01 )下部的液体分布器(8), 经良好分 布后, 进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔 (T-01 ) 的提塯段(9) 中, 步骤 4.进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔 (T-01 ) 的提馏段 (9) 的物料在提馏段(9) 中得以分馏分离, 从催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 )塔底出来的液流一部分进入产品精 馏塔(T-03 )进一步的分离, 一部分则经再沸器(10)加热成蒸汽后进入催化反应、 精 馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的提馏段(9), 步骤 5.催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的提镏段(9) 上升的汽相经管道(9一 4) 和气体分布器 (5)后进入催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的精馏段 (4) 继续分离, 而 精馏段(4)下降的液体直接流入催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的反应段(6) 内, 继 续参与反应, 经精馏段(4)分离后的汽相在塔顶冷凝器 (12) 中冷凝, 冷凝液进入油 水分相器(11 )进行分相, 油相回流入催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的精馏段顶部, 水相则经管道(11- T-02), 进入脱水塔(T-02), 在脱水塔(Τ-02) 内进行脱水分离, 以 进一步回收水相中混杂的油相, 步骤 6.上述进入脱水塔(Τ- 02)的料液在脱水塔(Τ-02) 内分离后, 油水两相上升 至塔顶, 经冷凝器 (22)全凝后进入分相器(23), 分相后水相回流入脱水塔 (Τ-02) 塔顶, 油相则经管道 (23-4) 回到催化反应、 精馏集成塔(T-01 ) 的精馏段 (4) 内, 而进入脱水塔(T-02) 提镏段内的水, 经逐级提纯后从脱水塔 (Τ-02)底部管道(28) 排出系统, · 步骤 7.上述步骤 4中, 经精馏塔(Τ-03)分离后, 塔顶汽相经冷凝器(25)全凝 后进入冷凝液收集器(26); 冷凝液一部分回流, 另一部分经管道(26— 6)再次返回塔 (T-01 ) 中部的反应段(6) 内或进入储罐, 而精馏塔(Τ-03 ) 的塔底液为高沸点馏份, 一部分通过塔底管道(29)进入储罐,一部分经再沸器(27)加热成蒸汽后再进入精馏 塔 (Τ-03 )底部。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的催化反应、精镏集成工艺, 其特征是:在运行一段时间后 需更换固体催化剂, 其步骤如下: 步骤 1.关闭反应段(6) 内插底管通向离心泵 (21 ) 管道上的阀门 (14), 打开反 应段(6)底部通向催化剂固液分离槽 (20) 的管道上的阀门 (16)和催化剂固液分离 槽 (20)通向离心泵 (21 ) 管道上的阀门 (17), 催化剂固液分离槽 (20) 内设有高效 过滤滤网 (19), 料液里含有的固体催化剂颗粒被滤网截留在滤网上游, 而液相料液则 通过泵 (21 ) 经管道(21— 6)重新返回反应段内, 步骤 2. 当反应段(6) 内的催化剂全部被收集在催化剂固液分离槽(20)内后, 关 闭上述的阀门( 16)和阀门(17), 步骤 3. 在储罐 (G-01)和储罐 (G- 02)通向催化反应、精镏集成塔 (Τ- 01)的反应段 (6) 的管道上有催化剂加料装置 (3), 打开催化剂加料装置 (3) 的盖子, 加入新催化剂颗 粒, 然后, 关闭催化剂加料装置 (3) 的盖子, 步骤 4. 打开催化剂加料装置 (3)的阀门,打开储罐 (G-01)和储罐 (G-02)通向催化反 应、 精馏集成塔 (T-01)的反应段 (6)的管道上的阀门(30), 在液体反应原料的冲刷下, 催化剂加料装置 (3)内的催化剂颗粒进入催化反应、 精熘集成塔 (Τ- 01)的反应段 (6), 步骤 4. 关闭催化剂加料装置 (3)的阀门和阀门(30), 并从催化剂固液分离槽 (20) 内清除被更换的催化剂,催化剂更换过程完成,催化反应、精馏集成工艺继续正常进行。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的催化反应、 精馏集成工艺, 其特征是: 应用于酸与醇反 应生产酯、 烯烃加水生产醇或烯烃加醇生产醚。
4. 一种根据权利要求 1所述的催化反应、 精馏集成工艺的专用设备催化反应、 精 馏集成塔, 其特征是: 它由三部分组成, 上部分为精馏段(4), 中间为喷射搅拌反应段 (6), 下部分为提馏段 (9), 精馏段实际上是一个分馏塔, 它为板式塔或填料塔, 在精镏 段 (4)的底部有气体分布器 (5), 精馏段顶部有塔顶冷凝器 (12)和油水分相器, 喷射搅拌反 应段 (6)有顶盖和下底, 顶盖可以是通透的或密闭的, 喷射搅拌反应段 (6)上部有进料口 和进料管, 内部插有亚音速或跨音速喷射搅拌器 (33)和过滤式吸液管, 过滤式吸液管与 离心泵 (21)相连, 离心泵 (21)出口与喷射搅拌器 (33)相通, 开动离心泵 (21), 可以使喷射 搅拌反应段 (6)内的液体不断循环, 并喷射剧烈搅拌, 喷射搅拌反应段 (6)内还有过滤式 溢流管 (7), 它通向提馏段 (9)顶部的液体分布器 (8), 当反应段 (6)内的液体达到一定高度 后, 就自动地溢流到提熘段 (9)顶部的液体分布器 (8), 流入提馏段 (9), 提熘段 (9)实际上 也是一个分馏塔, 它是填料塔或板式塔, 提馏段 (9)的底部有塔底管, 塔底管流出粗产品 液体, 其中一部分经过再沸器 (10)加热后再返回进入提镏段 (9)的下部, 提馏段 (9)顶部蒸 汽通过外侧管 (9-4)通向精馏段 (4)底部的气体分布器 (8), 进入精馏段 (4)进行精馏, 精镏 段 (4)底部的高沸点馏份回流至喷射搅拌反应段 (6)。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的催化反应、 精馏集成塔, 其特征是: 精馏段(4)实际上 是一个板式塔。
6.根据权利要求 4所述的催化反应、 精馏集成塔, 其特征是: 提镏段(9) 实际上 是一个填料塔。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的催化反应、 精馏集成塔, 其特征是: 所述的喷射搅拌反 应段 (6)上部的进料管上有催化剂加料装置 (3)和阀门,塔底有导管通向催化剂固液分离 器 (20), 催化剂固液分离器 (20)有管道与离心泵 (21)相通, 催化剂固液分离器 (20)内有 高效过滤滤网(19), 用于更换催化剂。
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