WO2009074657A1

WO2009074657A1 - Complete construction system for quick-assembly of a building and comprising a construction member with accessories thereof, and method for assembling them

Info

Publication number: WO2009074657A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/067348
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arnaud Marie Aleaume Lallemand
Original assignee: Arnaud Marie Aleaume Lallemand
Priority date: 2007-12-13
Filing date: 2008-12-11
Publication date: 2009-06-18
Also published as: FR2925085A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction member (1; 21; 25; 29) to be assembled with at least another similar construction member for making a building, that comprises: a body including: i) a web (2) or at least two leaves (23; 27) of an insulation material; ii) at least one or two sliders (3; 22; 26) made of a solid material and vertically included in the web (2) or between the leaves (23; 27) and leaving flush, on each side surface (50, 51) of the construction member (1; 21; 25; 29) and on the entire height of the construction member (1; 21; 25; 29), a vertical notch (4) having a cross sectional shape configured so as to laterally retain a fin that would axially slide in the notch (4); at least two buttresses (7; 24; 28) made of a solid material and assembled on the front and rear surfaces of the construction member (1; 21; 25) and having the same height as the latter, said buttresses being anchored on the sliders (3; 22; 26); at least one crossbar (8) secured to the buttresses (7) on the entire width of the construction member (1; 21; 25; 29). The invention also relates to an assembling system for making walls from a plurality of construction members (1; 21; 25; 29), and to a method for attaching a wall end piece, a panel backside or a vertical or horizontal clapboard on a construction member (1; 21; 25; 29).

Description

COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR PERMITTING

QUICK BUILDING ASSEMBLY,

COMPRISING A BUILDING ELEMENT

WITH ITS ACCESSORIES AND METHODS OF ASSEMBLY

1. Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a complete building system for rapid assembly of buildings, comprising a construction element with its accessories and assembly methods. 2. Solutions of the prior art

The traditional construction of building is done either in concrete block or terracotta, or in wood, by the technique of the frame or stacked plank.

The cinder block, generally heavy material requires a mortar, and moreover complementary insulation and / or finishes involving a large workforce.

Wood construction using the planking technique uses heavy-duty custom-made materials, which settle over time and do not allow the easy passage of pipes (electricity, plumbing) without the need for doubling or pre-drilling.

The timber frame involves either a complete assembly on the site with locally adapted materials and a large workforce, ie pre-construction of entire wall sections in the workshop and their assembly on site with significant resources. lifting. Some of these constructions are not modular and require finishing coatings intrinsic to their technique without variation possible.

Patent GB 1 181 857 discloses prefabricated panels for construction to be assembled together, with a coating material, in particular metal. A disadvantage of this type of construction is that the panels are large, difficult to transport and maneuverable on a building site, their height corresponding to the height of the building ceiling.

3. Objectives of the Invention The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of these different construction techniques: weight, insulation, passage of networks, labor and technical means of implementation.

The present invention is a complete construction system with its accessories for treating all singular points. 4. Presentation of the invention

Building element

The subject of the present invention is, according to one of its aspects, an element of construction intended to be assembled with a similar building element for the construction of a building, this building element being characterized in that it comprises:

a body, in particular of substantially parallelepipedal shape, having a front face, a rear face, two lateral faces, an upper face and a lower face, the body comprising: i) a core or at least two blades of an insulating material, in particular rigid or semi-rigid, and ii) at least one or two wings of solid material vertically embedded in the core or between the blades, flush, on each side face of the building element and over the entire height of the construction element, a vertical groove, having, in cross section, a shape configured to allow a lateral retention of a keel which would slide axially in the groove, at least two buttresses, in particular vertical, solid material, assembled on the front and rear faces of the building element and the same height as the building element, the buttresses being anchored on the wings, maintaining the soul or the blades and contributing to the strength of the framework,

- At least one cross, including horizontal, fixed to the buttresses over the entire width of the building element.

The building element which can be of type breeze block, may have all or part of the following advantages: modular, ultra insulating, very light, stackable and nestable, very easy to position by a single man, requiring neither mortar nor means of lifting. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to combine the extreme modularity of the capping block materials with the rapid implementation of machined wood frame constructions.

The depth of the groove of the slide may be between 10 mm and 100 mm, in particular between 20 mm and 75 mm, for example equal to about 25 mm.

To present, in cross section, a shape configured to allow a lateral retention of a keel which would slide in the groove, the groove of the slide can for example itself be grooved right and left over its entire height by two small grooves sufficiently far from the outer edge to allow solidity of the remaining tabs.

By "sufficiently far from the outer edge to allow strength of the remaining tabs" is meant a thickness of the remaining tabs greater than about 5 mm, or even greater than or equal to 7 mm. In this case, all the grooves may for example form in cross section a kind of cross.

The crossmember (s) may be cut off from one of their upper angles to half the thickness, thereby forming one or more L-shaped rails.

The core or the blades can be made of a light material and very strongly thermal and acoustic insulation, especially wood fiber. The design of the building elements according to the invention makes it possible to vary the thickness of the insulating core or insulating strips according to the desired insulation performance.

The buttresses can be fixed by conventional means, in particular by screwing, bolting, or behind the scenes. The buttresses especially vertical, which consist for example of parallelepiped solid parts, can be affixed to each end of the front and rear faces of the construction element. The buttresses can be a complement of vertical frame, in addition to the scenes.

The sleepers or rails including horizontal can be fixed, particularly at regular intervals, on the buttresses, the top crossbar can be shifted to overlap a construction element that would be disposed above the element of construction to which it is attached, that we can name the element of higher construction. The assembly can be reinforced with screws at the overlap. Conversely, the lowest cross member could be overlapped with the lower construction element.

The sleepers can be a horizontal framework.

In addition, they can be arranged to form a hanging system for any kind of finish (clapboard, panels intended to receive for example wallpaper, paint, tile or plaster ...) and to secure walls. Either the sleepers are arranged to simply receive screwed panels, or they are arranged so that one comes to embed on these sleepers cross or reversed rails, fixed on a finishing panel or on a piece of construction element to lean against a wall. The sleepers can slide on one another which allows the easy implementation of the clapboard and the replacement of a clap if necessary without disassembling the entire surface of the wall.

The invention thus makes it possible to have an unlimited choice of finishing coatings.

The construction element may consist of a substantially parallelepiped block. In a particular embodiment, the construction element may comprise, for example:

a core of insulating material,

two solid material runners vertically embedded in the core, flush with each lateral face of the building element and over the entire height of the building element, a vertical groove having, in cross-section, a configured shape to allow lateral restraint of an element which would slide in the groove,

- several, including four vertical buttresses, fixed on the front and rear faces, especially at the ends thereof, fixed on the slides, - several, including four horizontal crosspieces, fixed to the buttresses along the entire width of the building element .

Such a building element can be a basic building element for building the walls of the building. Other building elements are included in the invention for treating particular points of the construction. In a particular embodiment, the construction element may have the following characteristics:

- the slide is a single piece of a height adapted to the weight of the structure that the building element must support, to support frames, joists or the roof structure, - the buttresses form continuous reinforcements on the entire width of the construction element so that they can support the buttresses of higher construction elements when these are offset from the buttresses of lower construction elements, this construction element being arranged to serve as lintel or sandpit. In this case, the lower face of the lintel can receive a shutter and / or a finish coating set by traditional methods.

In another particular embodiment, the construction element can have the following characteristics:

- the slide is a single piece formed at right angle,

- The blades of insulating material located on either side of the slide are formed at right angles, - two vertical buttresses arranged on each outer face of the bracket and an angled buttress disposed in the interior of the angle of the square, anchored in the slide are arranged to maintain the insulating blades,

- the crosspieces, horizontal, fixed to the buttresses brush at the outside angle of the bracket without overlapping, this element of construction being arranged to serve as corner block.

The soul or the blades may or may be amputated from one or more vertical cylindrical spaces. In this case, the construction element is arranged to serve as a technical column block and pass the pipes which are thus isolated in fact from a thermal and acoustic point of view. The vertical passage of the networks (electricity, VDI (Voice Networks Images Images), plumbing) between two building elements can be done in the free space left between the buttresses.

Alternatively or additionally, trenches can be formed through the web or blades between the slide (s) and the buttresses and protruding from them, to allow the horizontal passage of the networks, in particular electricity networks, VDI, plumbing, from one building element to another.

In the case where the width of the building element exceeds the maximum spacing provided by the frame construction standards, intermediate slides may be included in the insulating core. In this case, the construction element may comprise at least two juxtaposed intermediate slides in the core or in the blades, so that the spacing of the slides does not exceed the maximum spacing provided by the frame construction standards. .

Another object of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, an assembly system making it possible to construct walls from a plurality of building elements as defined above. assembly that can be characterized by what it includes:

at least two construction elements juxtaposed along one of their lateral faces, such that the approach of the grooved slides forms a sheath and at least one keel, having in cross-section exactly the shape complementary to that of the cross-section of the sheath, the keel being introduced into the sheath so as to align and secure the two construction elements.

The keel may be staggered relative to the sheath, so that it solidifies two or more rows of two contiguous building elements in height, the assembly system being such that the construction elements can be placed in position. one or more upper rows by nesting them on the projecting keels, and so on, all the sleeves and stacked keels constituting a solid and supporting frame. The uppermost beam may be positioned to extend above an upper face of the web or blades such that the beam overlaps the upper structural member, the assembly being reinforced by screw at the overlap of the sleepers of the lower building element on the buttresses or reinforcements of the upper building element. An advantage of the invention lies in particular in the design of the construction element and in its assembly system.

The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to an assembly method comprising the following steps:

- juxtaposing at least two building elements as defined above, according to one of their lateral faces, so that the approximation of the grooved slides forms a sheath,

- Introduce at least one keel having, in cross section, a shape complementary to that of the sleeve so as to align and to secure the two construction elements. The keel can be staggered with respect to the sheath so that it secures two or more rows of two contiguous building elements in height. The building elements of one or more upper rows can be placed by fitting them on the protruding keels, and so on, all the sleeves and stacked keels constituting a solid and supporting frame. Thus nested, the keel is constituted, with the sheath, the vertical frame of the building.

The method of assembly of the building elements also allows continuity of insulation avoiding thermal bridges.

Method of fixing a wall end, the backside of a panel or a vertical or horizontal clap on a building element

Another aspect of the invention is, according to one of its aspects, a method of fixing a wall end, the backside of a panel or a vertical or horizontal clapboard on a construction element, the process that can be characterized in that it comprises the step of embedding on at least one cross member of a building element, in particular a cross member amputated from one of its upper corners to half of the thickness, a second crosspiece , in particular horizontal, exactly complementary, in particular amputated from one of its lower angles on half of its thickness and on the same height as the crossbar, said second reversed crossbar being itself fixed opposite a wall end, from the back of a vertical or horizontal panel or bend.

Such a fixing method allows the fixing of internal coatings or partitions.

Thanks to the invention, the production in large quantities of all these building elements, their method and assembly system, and their method of attachment, can be carried out in an industrial manner from a reduced number of pieces. 5. List of figures

The invention may be better understood on reading the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention and on examining the appended drawings in which:

- Figures 1 and 2 show schematically the construction element seen in section from above, and in three dimensions, FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 schematically show the detail of a grooved part called slide, in cross section, longitudinal and in three dimensions,

- Figures 6, 7 and 8 show schematically the detail of a profiled part, called keel, in cross-section, longitudinal and in three dimensions, - Figures 9 and 10 show schematically two construction elements assembled by a keel, seen in section from above and in three dimensions,

- Figure 11 schematically shows four elements assembled and attached to the foundation,

FIG. 12 schematically shows the technique of assembling an element of a wall to an element of another wall,

- Figure 13 shows schematically in section how to fix the finishing coatings,

FIG. 14 schematically shows an accessory of the sectional construction element seen from above, called a lintel or sandpit, FIG. 15 schematically shows an accessory of the sectional construction element seen from above, called corner block,

FIG. 16 schematically shows an accessory of the sectional construction element seen from above, called the technical column block,

FIG. 17 schematically shows an accessory of the three-dimensional construction element, called a gateway block,

- Figures 18 to 25 illustrate schematically, in cross section, different examples of pins.

6. Description of modes of implementation of the invention

As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the construction element 1 consists of a block of substantially parallelepiped shape.

The construction element 1 comprises a body extending along the axis X comprising a core 2 of a rigid or semi-rigid material, being in this example a light material and very strongly insulating thermal and acoustic. The core 2 of the construction element 1 can incorporate a rain shield on at least one, including two, of its outer walls 52 constituting the front and rear faces of the body of the building element. The core 2 may for example be made of wood fiber, a 100% natural and breathable element, and may have the following indicative dimensions when the construction element is used for a external wall: thickness of 200 mm, height of 250 mm and width of 500 mm. This thickness can provide a thermal resistance of the order of R = 5 m ² K / W.

This core may have a much smaller thickness if the construction element 1 is used for an interior wall or partition, for example a thickness of about 120 mm.

The core 2 may have two lateral faces at least partially forming the lateral faces 50 and 51 of the construction element 1.

In addition to the core 2, the body of the construction element 1 also comprises two slides 3, illustrated in isolation in FIGS. 3 to 5, of shape, for example substantially parallelepipedal, made in particular of solid material, for example of wood, in particular of solid wood. Each of the slides 3 may have the following indicative dimensions: height of 250 mm, width of 50 mm and thickness of 80 mm. The slides 3, in the example considered, are flush with the surface of the construction element, on the two opposite lateral faces 50 and 51 opposite thereof. They are surrounded on three of their sides 53, 54 and 55 by the core 2 while the fourth side 56 is flush with the surface of the lateral face 50 or 51 of the construction element 1.

These slides 3 each comprise a groove 4 made over their entire height. The vertical groove 4 is, in this example, centered with respect to the side 56 of the slide and may be 30 mm wide and 25 mm deep. This groove 4 is, in this example, itself grooved on its sides 58 and 59, especially right and left, over its entire height by two small grooves 5. These two small grooves 5 are centered relative to the sides 58 and 59 of the groove 4 in the example considered.

It is not beyond the scope of the invention if the grooves 4 or 5 or some of them are not centered on the sides on which they open. The two small grooves 5 can be wide, for example, 10 mm and 5 mm deep. However, they will be sufficiently far away from the outer edge to maintain good strength of the remaining tabs 6. The remaining tabs 6 consist of the portion of the side 58 or

59 of the groove 4 which is not grooved and which separates the small groove 5 from the lateral face 50 or 51 of the construction element 1.

In this example, the grooves 4 and 5 are arranged so as to draw in cross section or on the upper faces of the parallelepipedal pieces, a kind of cross in hollow. Other forms of groove cross sections may be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention, as described below with reference to FIGS. 18 to 25, provided that they allow lateral retention of an element such as a keel that slides axially along the X axis in the groove. The slides 3 may be centered with respect to the thickness of the building element 1 but not necessarily. The two wings 3 serve to hang two building elements 1 between them arranged side by side and are part of the centerpieces of the frame walls. On each lateral face 50 or 51 of the construction element, it comprises a single slide, in the illustrated example, but it could comprise at least two slides on at least one lateral face 50 or 51 without departing from the scope of FIG. the invention.

The construction element 1 also comprises, in the example in question, several, in particular four, vertical buttresses 7 consisting of parallelepipedal pieces of a solid material, for example of wood, in particular solid wood, assembled on the right and on the left front and rear faces 52 of the body of the building element and of the same height as the construction element 1. The buttresses 7 are fixed for example by usual means (screwing, bolting, etc.) so as to allow to come to anchor on the slides 3 and maintain the core 2. These buttresses 7 may for example have a height of 250 mm as the construction element 1, a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm. These buttresses 7 contribute to the strength of the construction element 1 and strengthen the framework of the construction.

The construction element 1 further comprises crosspieces 8, in particular horizontal, of 60 mm in height and 25 mm in thickness for example, more visible in Figure 2. In this example, the cross members 8 are amputated one of their upper angles 9 on the half of the thickness, for example 1.25 mm thick and 15 mm high, thus forming L-shaped rails. The previous buttresses 7 are fixed with one or more cross-members 8 facing each other. of the construction element 1 and for example over its entire width, for example 500 mm, for example by conventional means (screwing, bolting ...). We define the location of the cross or 8 according to the chosen spacing and the height of the construction element 1, for example every 125 mm for a building element 1 of 250 mm high. The uppermost cross member 8a can be positioned to extend above the top wall 60 of the core 2 so as to overlap a construction element 1 which would be disposed above the construction element 1 on which the cross member 8a is fixed. Conversely, it could be ensured that the lowest crossmember 8 overlaps a construction element 1 which would be disposed below the construction element 1 on which the crossmember is fixed. These sleepers 8 have several functions and in particular allow easy gripping of the construction element 1 during implementation and allow to fix finishing coatings or lean walls.

These building elements 1, with their insulating core 2, their two slides 3, their four buttresses 7 and their cross members 8 and 8bis, make it possible to build walls very quickly thanks to their particular assembly system which will be described now with reference to Figures 6 to 10.

When two construction elements 1 are juxtaposed, two slides 3, respectively, of the construction elements arranged side by side together form a sleeve 10 in which a solid part called the keel 11, made of wood, for example, is inserted by force from above. This keel 11, illustrated in isolation in FIGS. 6 to 8, has exactly the complementary profile of all the grooves 4 and 5 of a sheath 10, that is to say a high parallelepiped block 12 with two tongues 13 on each of the two opposite sides corresponding to the four small grooves 5 of the sleeve 10. It is dimensioned and in particular has a height such that it fills the sleeve 10 with more than one, for example two or more construction elements 1 arranged one above others and can overtake them.

To mount a wall, the building elements 1 of the upper row or rows are placed by fitting them on the projecting pins 11, new pins 11 are inserted and so on. Each keel 11 thus staggered allows to align and secure two or more rows of two contiguous building elements 1. This keel 11 is integral with the construction elements 1 because the internal grooves 5 of the sleeve 10 prevent horizontal pulling. The keel 11 can not tear out vertically because of its close cooperation with the sheath 10.

The structure of the building elements 1 and their assembly make it possible to obtain continuity of insulation and thus to avoid thermal bridges. The set of sleeves 10 and pins 11 stacked is a solid frame and carrier, section 80 mm per 100 mm by way of non-limiting example, reinforced by the stacking of the buttresses 7.

The assembly can be further reinforced by putting screws at the overlap point of the cross members 8a of the lower building element 1 on the buttresses 7 of the upper construction element 1. In the case where the width of the building element exceeds the maximum spacing provided by the frame construction standards, intermediate sleeves should be included in the insulating core 2.

To anchor the wall to the ground, as illustrated in FIG. 11, once the first row of construction elements 1 has been placed on a leveling strip to prevent capillary rise, it suffices to fix the buttresses 7 to the floor 14 by means of plates 15 or metal brackets assembly according to traditional methods (screwing, bolting ...).

Referring to Figure 12, there is described a way of connecting a wall of slit or an inner partition 17a backed (e) to an outer wall 17b or another wall or a partition wall. Each building element 1 of one of the walls or partitions is arranged next to a construction element 1 of the other wall or partition and anchored thereto by its ends consisting of the slide 3 and the buttresses 7 fixed. on the sleepers 8 of the other wall or partition, as shown. Opposite the solid pieces of the abutments that constitute the slides 3 and the buttresses 7, fixed on the construction element 1 horizontal rails 18, amputated at one of their lower angles on half their thickness and on the same height 8. These inverted rails 18 having the same spacing as that of the rails 8 are embedded on the rails 8 exactly complementary to the face of the construction element 1.

As can be seen in FIG. 13, the crosspieces 8 also make it possible to fix any kind of interior and exterior finish coating: either vertical or horizontal cladding 19 provided on their reverse of reversed rails 18 according to the same method as described with regard to of Figure 12, any other type of panel 20 screwed to receive for example wallpaper, paint, tile or plaster.

The window and door frames can be finished in the same way by fixing rails 8 on the slides 3 and the buttresses 7 which constitute the solid parts for receiving clapboards 19 or any other finishing coating 20. The rails sliding on one another allow the easy implementation of clapboard and replacement of a clap if necessary without removing the entire surface of the wall.

Accessory elements illustrated in Figures 14 to 17, designed in the continuity of the system described above, complete this invention to address all the singular points of the construction.

The building element 21 illustrated in Figure 14 has been reinforced and can be used as lintel or sandpit. The main difference with the construction element 1 previously described is the replacement of the single core 2 by two blades 23 of a similar material. The blades 23 are separated from each other by a single double slide 22 passing through the construction element 21 over its entire length and grooved at each of its ends by the grooves 4 and the small grooves 5 as described above. The double slide 22 may have a variable height depending on the weight of the structure that the construction element 21 must support. The double slide 22 allows to support new frames, joists or the roof structure. Furthermore, a continuous reinforcement 24 over the entire width replaces the vertical buttresses 7 to support the buttresses 7 of the upper construction elements when offset from the buttresses 7 of the lower elements. In this example of a construction element, one or more horizontal crosspieces cut off from one of their upper angles 9 over half of the thickness form L-shaped rails fixed to the reinforcement 24 facing the construction element 21 and on all its length.

The lower face of the lintel can receive a shutter and / or a finish coating set by traditional methods.

Another reinforced structural element for use as a corner block, illustrated in FIG. 15, is composed as follows. The construction element 25 comprises a single double slider, which consists of a central solid part at right angle 26 and has at each end grooves 4 and 5 as described above. In place of the core 2, the construction element 25 comprises two blades 27 of the same material forming rigid or semi-rigid insulating panels at right angles and which surround the double slide 26 and leave flush the grooves. The blades 27 are held by two vertical buttresses 7 on each external face and an angled buttress 28 in the interior of the angle, the buttresses 7 and 28 being anchored in the double slide 26 by conventional means (screwing, bolting). ...). One or more horizontal ties 8 amputated from one of their upper angles to half the thickness, form L-shaped rails fixed on the outer buttresses 7 opposite the building element 25 and over its entire width. The cross-members 8 of the two outer faces of the construction element 25 are but not overlapping, which makes it possible to slide the inverted rails 18 serving as hooked to the finishing coating from the outside. The remaining space in the corner receives a removable finish fixed by traditional means.

Another accessory construction element 29 consisting of a technical column element has been illustrated in FIG. 16. This construction element is similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1, but comprises an insulating core 2 cut off from one or several vertical cylindrical spaces 30 arranged to pass the pipes, for example a cylindrical space 30a with a diameter of 100 mm to receive a sanitary evacuation PVC pipe, a cylindrical space 30b of diameter 40 mm for a sanitary evacuation of the water room, or a cylindrical space 30c of even smaller diameter for hot water pipes, cold water or heating ... The construction element 29 has the particularity of actually isolating the pipes from a thermal and acoustic point of view.

In FIG. 17, there is shown a construction element 1 allowing the passage of networks in which horizontal trenches 31 are formed through the core 2 between the slides 3 or the double slide 22 and the buttresses 7, 24 or 28 and exceeding them. This building element allows the horizontal passage of networks (electricity, VDI, plumbing) of a building element 1, 21, 25 or 29 to another. The vertical passage of the networks is done in the free space 16 left between the buttresses 7 of the building elements.

In a construction according to the invention, the window sills are of traditional design with rear and side rejingots that can be covered by the final coating and ensuring a perfect seal. The doors and windows are traditionally mounted, their embrasures are finished by fixing rails on their solid parts and a finishing coating. The floors are mounted in a traditional way by resting on the sanders provided for this purpose. The roofs are mounted in a traditional way by resting on the sanders provided for this purpose.

This invention is particularly suitable for the construction of homes, tertiary buildings, industrial and agricultural, and their annexes. Its implementation has great advantages of speed, ease, modularity, lightness, robustness, thermal and acoustic performance, cleanliness.

This invention makes it possible to orient building constructors in a voluntary approach of high environmental quality by valuing their know-how and making them gain in performance. Indeed, by this system of construction, it is possible to use 100% natural materials, with very important performances at the energetic level.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.

In particular, the keel 11 may have a cross-sectional shape different from that which has been described with regard to FIG. 6. In particular, FIGS. 18 to 25 show in particular other examples of cross-sectional shapes. bowling, non-limiting. Of course, this shape corresponds to that of the cross section of the sheath 10 formed by the juxtaposition of two slides 3, so as to ensure a solid and stationary frame. Thus, if one of the pins 11 of FIGS. 18 to 25 is used, the shape of the slides 3 of the construction element will be modified accordingly without it being necessary to illustrate it, the shape of the groove 4 of the slide being exactly complementary to half the cross section of the keel 11, the cross section of the keel corresponding to two grooves 4 juxtaposed. In all these cases, the groove of the slide is such that it is able to retain laterally an element, in particular a keel which would slide inside the groove.

In FIG. 18, the keel 11 has a Z shape in cross-section.

In Figure 19, the keel 11 has in cross section a double cross shape, with rounded ends. The slide 3 comprises in this case a groove 4 and two small grooves 5, the grooves of the grooves 4 and 5 being rounded. In Figure 20, the keel has a coil shape in cross section. In this case, the slide 3 comprises a groove 4 and two small grooves 5 formed at the ends of the sides of the groove 4, and being rounded.

In Figure 21, the keel has in cross section another form of coil. In this case, the slide 3 comprises a groove 4 and two small grooves 5 arranged at the ends of the sides of the groove 4 and of triangular shape.

In Figure 22, the keel 11 has in cross section another form of H lying. In this case, the slide 3 comprises a groove 4 and two small grooves 5 disposed at the ends of the sides of the groove 4. The slide 3 has a cross-sectional shape T.

In Figure 23, the keel 11 has in cross section a diabolo shape with rounded edges recessed. In Figure 24, the keel 11 has in cross section another form of diabolo, the edges being rectilinear. In this case, the slide 3 comprises a groove 4 and two small grooves 5 disposed at ends of the sides of the groove 4 and of triangular shape but inverted with respect to that of the grooves 5 of FIG.

Finally, in FIG. 25, the small grooves 5 of the slide extend to the edges of the slide and the keel 11 has another form of diabolo.

Throughout the description, the terms relating to the height or the fact that such an element is vertical or horizontal refer to the construction element in the position it occupies when it is assembled or in position to be assembled; position being illustrated in Figure 2, with the vertical X axis. Throughout the description, the terms "comprising a" or "comprising a" should be interpreted as being synonymous with the terms "having at least one" or "comprising at least one", respectively, unless the opposite is specified.

The ranges of values given throughout the description are understood to include the terminals, unless the opposite is specified.

Claims

1. Construction element (1; 21; 25; 29) intended to be assembled with at least one other similar building element for the construction of a building, characterized in that it comprises:

a body having a front face, a rear face, two lateral faces, an upper face and a lower face, the body comprising: i) a core (2) or at least two blades (23; 27) of an insulating material , in particular rigid or semi-rigid, ii) at least one or two wings (3; 22; 26) of solid material vertically embedded in the core (2) or between the blades (23; 27), flush with each other; lateral face (50, 51) of the construction element (1; 21; 25; 29) and over the entire height of the construction element (1; 21; 25; 29) a vertical groove (4); having a cross-sectional shape configured to allow lateral retention of a keel axially slidable in the groove (4),

at least two buttresses (7; 24; 28), in particular vertical, of solid material, assembled on the front and rear faces of the construction element (1; 21; 25) and of the same height as the element of construction, said buttresses being anchored, in particular by usual means, such as screwing or bolting, on the slides (3; 22; 26), holding the core (2) or the blades (23; 27) and contributing to the strength of the framework,

- At least one crossbar (8), in particular horizontal, fixed to the buttresses (7) over the entire width of the construction element (1; 21; 25; 29).

2. Construction element according to claim 1, wherein the groove (4) of the slide (3) is itself grooved right and left over its entire height by two small grooves (5) sufficiently distant from the outer edge to allow a solidity of the remaining tabs (6).

3. Construction element according to claim 2, wherein the grooves (4, 5) form in cross section a kind of cross.

4. Construction element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the or sleepers (8) are amputated from one of their upper angles (9) on half the thickness, thus forming one or more L rails.

5. Element of construction according to any one of the preceding claims, the core (2) or the blades (23; 27) being made of a lightweight material and very strongly insulating thermal and acoustic, including wood fiber.

6. Construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting of a substantially parallelepiped block.

7. Construction element (21) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:

- The slide (22) is a single piece of a height adapted to the weight of the structure that the building element must support, to support frames, joists or the roof structure,

- the buttresses (7) form continuous reinforcements (24) over the entire width of the construction element (21) so that they can support the buttresses (7) of higher construction elements when they are offset relative to the buttresses (7) of lower construction elements, said building element (21) being arranged to serve as lintel or sand pit.

8. Construction element (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:

the slide (26) is a single piece formed at an angle,

the blades (27) of insulating material situated on either side of the slide (26) are formed at right angles,

- two vertical buttresses (7) arranged on each outer face of the bracket and a buttress (28) at right angle disposed in the interior of the angle of the bracket, anchored in the slide (26) are arranged to maintain the insulating strips (27), - the crosspieces (8), horizontal, fixed to the buttresses (7) are flush with the outside angle of the bracket without overlapping, said construction element (25) being arranged as a block angle.

9. Construction element (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the core (2) or the blades (23; 27) is or are amputated (s) of one or more spaces cylindrical vertical (30), said building element (29) thus being arranged to serve as a technical column block and pass the pipes which are thus isolated in fact from a thermal and acoustic point of view.

10. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that trenches (31) are formed through the core (2) insulating between the or slides (3; 22; 26) and buttresses (7; 24; 28) and protruding therethrough to allow horizontal passage of networks including power grids, VDI, plumbing, building elements (1; 21; 25; 29) to another.

11. Construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two slides (3) juxtaposed, intermediate, in the core (2) or in the blades (23; 27), so the spacing of the wings does not exceed the maximum spacing provided by the frame construction standards.

12. An assembly system for building walls from a plurality of building elements (1; 21; 25; 29) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises: at least two construction elements (1; 21; 25; 29) juxtaposed along one of their lateral faces (50; 51), so that the approaching of the grooved slides (3) forms a sheath (10) and

at least one keel (11), having in cross-section the shape complementary to that of the groove (4; 4,5) of the sheath (10), the keel (11) being introduced into the sheath (10) so as to aligning and securing said two construction elements (1; 21; 25; 29).

13. An assembly system according to claim 12, characterized in that the keel (11) is placed in staggered relation to the sheath (10), so that it solidarises two or more rows of two building elements in height. (1; 21; 25; 29) contiguous, in that the building elements (1; 21; 25; 29) of one or more upper rows can be placed by fitting them on the projecting pins (11), and so on, all the sleeves (10) and pins (11) stacked constituting a solid frame and carrier.

14. An assembly system according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the highest crossbar (8a) is positioned to extend above an upper face of the core ( 2) or blades (23; 27) so that the cross member (8a) overlaps the construction element (1; 21; 25; 29). upper, the assembly being reinforced by screws at the point of overlapping of the cross members (8, 8a) of the lower construction element (1; 21; 25; 29) on the buttresses (7) or reinforcements (24) of the building element (1; 21; 25; 29) upper.

15. A method of fixing a wall end, the backside of a panel or vertical or horizontal clap on a construction element (1; 21; 25; 29), characterized in that it comprises the step of embedding on at least one cross member (8) of a construction element (1; 21; 25; 29) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the step of embedding on the crossbar (8) including amputated one of its upper angles on half the thickness, a second crossbar (18), including horizontal, exactly complementary, including amputated one of its lower angles at half its thickness and at the same height as the crossmember (8), said second inverted crossmember (18) being itself fixed opposite a wall end (17a), from the underside of a panel (20) or a vertical or horizontal clap (19).