WO2009070966A1 - Microorganisms, microbial phosphate fertilizers and methods for preparing such microbial phosphate fertilizers - Google Patents

Microorganisms, microbial phosphate fertilizers and methods for preparing such microbial phosphate fertilizers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009070966A1
WO2009070966A1 PCT/CN2008/001850 CN2008001850W WO2009070966A1 WO 2009070966 A1 WO2009070966 A1 WO 2009070966A1 CN 2008001850 W CN2008001850 W CN 2008001850W WO 2009070966 A1 WO2009070966 A1 WO 2009070966A1
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Prior art keywords
strain
microbial
phosphate fertilizer
flora
phosphate
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PCT/CN2008/001850
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2009070966A8 (zh
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Biu Ho
En-Hsiung Huang
Ting Kwok Ho
Ting Wing Ho
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Foshan Jinkuizi Plant Nutriment Co., Ltd.
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Priority to US12/744,846 priority Critical patent/US8530220B2/en
Priority to AU2008331378A priority patent/AU2008331378B2/en
Priority to MX2010005420A priority patent/MX2010005420A/es
Publication of WO2009070966A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009070966A1/zh
Priority to MA32936A priority patent/MA31928B1/fr
Publication of WO2009070966A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009070966A8/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145Fungal isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205Bacterial isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
    • C12R2001/10Bacillus licheniformis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
    • C12R2001/125Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/465Streptomyces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C12R2001/66Aspergillus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of microbial fertilizers, and more particularly to new microorganisms, microbial phosphate fertilizers obtained from fermented products of the microflora containing the microorganisms, and a method for producing the same. Background technique
  • the traditionally used phosphate fertilizer is chemically produced by using concentrated sulfuric acid to decompose the phosphate rock into a more soluble phosphate fertilizer.
  • sulfur dioxide such as sulfur dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere and causes air pollution.
  • the acidification of the soil is caused by the sulfate caused by the phosphate fertilizer.
  • More than 70% of the phosphorus ions are absorbed by aluminum and iron in the soil. Calcium, magnesium and other elements are fixed to salt the soil.
  • phosphorus is actually used by crops (plants) in less than 30% of the soil.
  • phosphate ore containing more than 28% of P 2 0 5 is medium and high grade
  • the phosphate ore containing P 2 0 5 is 8-28% of medium and low grade.
  • phosphate ore is used as raw material to produce phosphate fertilizer by chemical method.
  • High-grade phosphate ore is used.
  • the processing cost of producing chemical phosphate fertilizer from medium-low grade phosphate ore is quite high, so it is not suitable for chemical phosphorus fertilizer.
  • the phosphorus component contained in the chemical phosphate fertilizer produced by decomposing the phosphate rock with concentrated sulfuric acid is about 16%. If low-grade phosphate rock is used, the cost of raw materials such as phosphate rock and concentrated sulfuric acid will increase greatly, which will also lead to other costs such as increasing the power consumed in the production process.
  • phosphate rock resources are of medium and low grade.
  • phosphate rock resources reduce the waste of phosphate resources, and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of phosphate fertilizer, it is very important to make full use of low-grade phosphate rock which is not suitable for chemical phosphorus fertilizer. The meaning.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a microbial phosphate fertilizer and a method for producing the same
  • the microorganism of the microbial phosphate fertilizer is a phosphorus-dissolving microorganism
  • the active organic material and the phosphate rock powder are the life carriers of the microbial bacterium group
  • the microorganism Phosphate fertilizer can eliminate soil compaction, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability and water storage capacity, automatically balance soil pH, improve soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency, and have good effects on desertification and saline-alkali land improvement;
  • the occurrence of various fungal and bacterial diseases alleviating the obstacles of heavy and stagnation, improving the disease resistance of crops, degrading residual pesticides in the soil, and improving crop quality.
  • Another object of the present invention is to utilize the action of the WH flora to convert the medium and low grade phosphate rock into a high-performance active microbial phosphate fertilizer, fully utilize the mineral resources, and alleviate the supply and demand pressure of the phosphate rock resources, and at the same time, Active microbial phosphate fertilizer consumes less electricity in the production process, saving energy and meeting environmental requirements.
  • the present invention provides two new microorganisms, one is Streptowces cellulosa, named 9 strains; the other is Aspergillus versicolor, named WH13.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises a fermented product of the following four kinds of bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, named WH2 strain; Bacillus licheniformis, named WH4 strain; Streptomyces cellulose, named WH9 Species; Aspergillus variabilis, known as WH13 strain.
  • Bacillus subtilis acillus subtilis The depository is the Common Microbiology Center of China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee (CGMCC), the date of deposit is April 23, 1999, and the deposit number is CGMCC NO. 0395.
  • WH2 strain Bacillus licheniformis
  • the depository is the Common Microbiology Center of China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee (CGMCC), the deposit date is April 23, 1999, and the deposit number is CGMCC NO. 0395. 4, named WH4 strain
  • Streptomyces cellulosaeH Vietnamese unit is the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee General Microbiology Center (CGMCC), the date of deposit is September 13, 2007, the deposit number is CGMCC NO. 2167, Named WH9 strain
  • Aspergillus variabilis Versicolor The depository is the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee.
  • the deposit date is September 13, 2007, and the deposit number is CGMCC NO. 2171, which is named WH13 strain.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is a secondary species of the above-mentioned flora and a fermented product of phosphate rock powder and active organic material.
  • the active organic material is selected from one or more of the following: sugar sludge, chicken manure, pig manure, peanut bran, wheat husk, cassava residue and rapeseed cake.
  • the ratio of each species in the microbial phosphate used in the microbial phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is expressed by weight percentage (based on the total weight of the flora):
  • the invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned microbial phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
  • the secondary medium of the WH flora is formulated in the following weight percentages:
  • Active organic material 35-45%; rice bran 35-45%; soybean powder 15-17%; milk powder 1. 5-2. 5%; sugar 0.5-1.5%; the rest is water;
  • the secondary strain of the WH flora is 5-40%.
  • the number of viable cells of the secondary strain of the WH flora cultured in the step (3) is 510 billion/gram.
  • the above-mentioned phosphate rock powder can be converted into a high-performance active microbial phosphate fertilizer by bio-fermentation treatment using a medium-low-grade phosphate rock powder having a P 2 0 5 content of 8-28%, and fully utilizes mineral resources.
  • the invention relates to a biologically active phosphate fertilizer developed by using bioengineering technology, and utilizes the strong absorption efficiency of phosphorus by the WH flora.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer is compounded by a variety of beneficial agricultural microorganisms that have been rigorously screened, and can be phosphated after being applied to the soil; eliminating soil compaction; can significantly improve soil nutrient supply, mainly through various types of WH flora
  • the microbial agent promotes the dissolution and release of poorly soluble nutrients in the soil.
  • the microbial agent releases a large amount of inorganic and organic acidic substances, which promotes the release and sequestration of trace elements such as silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium and molybdenum in the soil, and improves the supply of soil nutrients.
  • the present invention has the following remarkable effects:
  • the active microbial phosphate fertilizer can be directly absorbed by the crop under the action of the WH flora.
  • the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer can reach more than 70%, and the use amount is only less than half of the traditional phosphate fertilizer, which greatly improves the utilization of phosphate resources. Rate, saving valuable non-renewable resources.
  • WH bacteria can decompose insoluble salts in the soil, improve the structure of the soil, solve the problem of insufficient phosphorus in the soil for a long time, and greatly improve the soil compaction phenomenon.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer treats the phosphate rock powder by biological fermentation, which greatly reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency in the production process.
  • the traditional chemical process uses concentrated acid to produce a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the process of producing phosphate fertilizer, which pollutes the air.
  • Microbial phosphate fertilizer does not produce sulfur dioxide in the production process, completely solving the air pollution problem caused by chemical methods.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer will not cause acidification and salinization of the soil after use, and effectively improve soil ecology.
  • the supply of environmental and soil nutrients can significantly improve the quality and yield of crops, and is particularly suitable for the production of green foods and organic foods, thereby improving the market competitiveness of agricultural products.
  • the application of the active microbial phosphate fertilizer is very effective in reducing the nitrate content of agricultural products, which can reduce the level of harm to human health and is beneficial to human health.
  • the active microbial phosphate fertilizer is treated by biological fermentation to treat phosphate rock powder, and the production process consumes less electricity. Compared with the traditional chemical fertilizer production process, the use of electric energy is greatly reduced, the power supply pressure is alleviated, energy is saved, and energy is saved. Environmental protection.
  • the production of bio-phosphorus fertilizer is not limited to the use of medium-grade high-grade phosphate rock (P 2 0 5 content of 28% or more), and the production of bio-phosphorus fertilizer can use low-grade grade.
  • the medium and low grade phosphate rock powder can be fully utilized and converted into active and efficient bio-phosphorus fertilizer, which not only saves resources for the society, but also realizes mechanized scale production, greatly reducing production cost, Increased production efficiency, promoted a virtuous circle of environmental resources and industry and agriculture.
  • the phosphorus element in the phosphate rock can be activated, and the prepared fertilizer can effectively improve the soil acidity, supplement the phosphorus, enhance the fertilizer efficiency, and further improve the resource utilization rate after being applied to the soil; Phosphate fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and quality of crops, and can replace chemical methods to produce phosphate fertilizer.
  • the name, address, date and number of preservation of the biological material sample storage unit of the present invention, and the classification of the biological material are as follows: Depository address, date of preservation, preservation number, classification, name, Chinese microbial species, preservation management, Chaoyang District, Beijing
  • the flora of this embodiment is as follows (% by weight):
  • Active organic materials (20% of filter sludge, 20% of chicken manure) 40%;
  • the ratio and parameters of the components of the microbial phosphate fertilizer of the present embodiment are different from those of the example 1 as follows:
  • the ratio of the microbial phosphate containing bacteria is (% by weight) - (1) WH2 strain: 50%; (2) WH4 strain: 26%;
  • the ratio (weight percentage) of the secondary culture medium is:
  • Active organic material 35% (including 20% filter sludge, 15% cassava residue), rice bran 45%, soy flour 15%, milk powder 2.5%, sugar 1.5%, and the remaining water.
  • the temperature of the secondary culture medium is 45 °C
  • the pH value is 6.5
  • the culture time is 10 days
  • the number of viable bacteria is up to 1.5 billion per gram.
  • Active organic materials (10% peanut gluten, 10% pig manure) 20%;
  • the ratio of the components and the parameters of the microbial phosphate fertilizer of the present embodiment are different from those of the first embodiment: 1.
  • the ratio of the microbial phosphate containing bacteria is (weight percentage):
  • the ratio (weight percentage) of the secondary culture medium is: 45% of active organic material (30% of filter sludge, 15% of pig manure), 35% of rice bran, 15% of soybean meal, 1.5% of milk powder, 1.5% of sugar, and the rest of water.
  • the temperature of the secondary culture medium is 30 °C, ? 11 value of 7.5, culture time of 15 days, containing live bacteria up to 500 million / gram.
  • Example 4 One of the application examples
  • Test unit Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • Crop Rice (Middle Rice)
  • Table 2 Main economic traits of mid-season when applying different phosphate fertilizers Effective spike
  • the application of the bio-phosphorus fertilizer has a significant yield-increasing effect compared with the control treatment without the application of the phosphate fertilizer.
  • the application of the bio-phosphorus fertilizer treatment of 20 kg/mu increases the yield by 525 kg per hectare, which is an increase of 125. lkg/hm. 2 .
  • the yield of rice is significantly higher than that of phosphate rock. It shows that the application of bio-phosphorus fertilizer can release the slow-acting phosphorus in the soil and transform it into a more easily utilized form of the crop, thereby increasing crop yield.
  • Example 5 Application Comparison Example 2
  • Test unit Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • bio-phosphorus fertilizer in sweet corn is about 7% higher than that of the control, and the effect is better than that of applying super-calcium phosphate, especially on the soil where chemical phosphate fertilizer is continuously applied.
  • the application of bio-phosphorus fertilizer has double benefits for crops and environment.
  • Application of bio-phosphorus fertilizer can increase the absorption of phosphorus in corn stalks and grains
  • the total amount of N2008/001850 increased compared with the control treatment without phosphate fertilizer.
  • the total amount of phosphorus absorbed was 28.13- 50.56%, indicating that the application of bio-phosphorus fertilizer can increase the availability of phosphorus in soil and increase the phosphorus absorption of crops.
  • the application of the microbial phosphate fertilizer in rice can significantly increase the number of tillers, promote root growth, improve various economic traits, enhance lodging resistance and reduce the damage of sheath blight.
  • the average effective panicle number of the application of the microbial phosphate fertilizer in rice can be increased by 2%, the ear length is increased by 4%, the seed setting rate is increased by 3.2%, the yield is increased by more than 4%, and the occurrence of sheath blight is lighter (per At least one dose can be reduced in the season).
  • Example 7 Application of the fourth comparative example
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer can effectively enhance the growth of corn, increase the emergence rate and seedling rate, prevent premature aging, empty stalks, lack of grain and lodging, increase stem diameter and number of leaves, increase single ear weight and yield, reduce bald ears and pests and diseases. Occurs, the taste is slag-free, fresh and sweet.
  • the application of the microbial phosphorus fertilizer to the corn increased by 0.1-0.2 cm, the number of leaves increased by 1.5 to 1.5, the weight per ear increased by 3.6%, the empty stalk rate decreased by 18%, and the granule rate decreased by 20%. Baldness was reduced by 13%, leaf spot incidence was reduced by 30%, and yield increased by 3.7%.
  • Example 8 Application comparison example five
  • Table 2 Comparison test of the number of melons, single melon weight, etc.
  • the microbial phosphate fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of bitter gourd, increase stem diameter, develop roots, increase leaf photosynthesis and melon rate, increase melon meat thickness and weight, reduce deformed melon, increase grade melon, prolong harvest time, and reduce wilt The occurrence of the disease.
  • the bitter melon application rate increased by 11%
  • the thickness of melon meat increased by 0.05cm
  • the weight of single melon increased by 8g
  • the deformed melon decreased by 14%
  • the leaf thickened by about 0.03mm and the wilt decreased. 20-30%
  • the harvest period is extended by 7-10 days, and the yield is increased by 4%.

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Description

微生物、 微生物磷肥及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物肥料领域, 特别涉及新的微生物、 由包含所述微生物 的菌群的发酵物得到的微生物磷肥及其制造方法。 背景技术
传统使用的磷肥是采用化学方法制造的, 即利用浓硫酸把磷矿分解制成 可溶性较高的磷肥。 在制造磷肥过程中产生二氧化硫等硫化物排放到大气中 而造成空气污染, 使用时会因磷肥带来的硫酸根造成土壤酸化, 百分之七十 以上的磷离子被土壤中的铝、 铁、 钙、 镁等元素固定而使土壤盐化。 一般情 形下, 磷素在土壤中实际被作物 (植物)利用的不到 30%。
磷矿石品位是以其含有?205的百分比多少加以区分,一般来讲,含 P205 为 28%以上的磷矿石为中高品位, 含 P205为 8— 28%的磷矿石为中低品位。 目前以磷矿石为原料用化学方法生产磷肥者都是选用中高品位的磷矿石, 选 用中低品位的磷矿石制造化学磷肥的加工成本相当高故不适宜制造化学磷 肥。 以含 05为32%的磷矿石为例, 通过利用浓硫酸分解磷矿制成的化学磷 肥所含的磷成分约 16%。 如果利用低品位的磷矿, 所使用的磷矿及浓硫酸等 原料成本将大大增加, 也会导致提高生产过程中所耗用的电能等其它成本。
磷矿石资源中相当一部分是中低品位, 为了充分利用磷矿资源, 减少磷 矿资源的浪费, 以及缓解磷肥供求矛盾, 把不适于制造化学磷肥的中低品位 磷矿充分利用起来具有十分重要的意义。
传统用磷矿生产化学磷肥存在不少缺陷, 主要表现在: ①由于在生产磷 肥过程中大量使用强酸进行分解磷矿粉造成二氧化硫及强酸废液污染大气与 土壤及水源。 ②磷矿资源的利用率比较低, 在目前高品位磷矿产量还很低的 大前提下, 资源的浪费显得尤为突出。 ③施用传统磷肥在很大程度上造成土 N2008/001850 壤酸化, 严重地制约了农业可持续发展。 ④高浓度过磷酸盐型肥料施用会造 成农作物硝酸盐含量过高, 严重影响了人民身体健康, 也给人民群众的生活 带来不确定的安全隐患。
随着经济发展和消费水平的提高, 人们对食品的要求, 已逐渐从数量温 饱型向安全质量型转变, 食品质量安全问题受到越来越多的关注。 食品尤其 是农产品的安全问题, 是全世界共同关注的焦点。 解决食品安全问题必须从 源头抓起。 人类食用的大部分食品由农产品转化而来, 解决土壤污染、 修复 土壤生态环境, 生物磷肥的研制与开发是保证食品安全的重要措施, 具有广 阔的市场前景。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微生物磷肥及其制造方法, 该微生物磷肥所 含的 WH菌群是解磷的微生物, 它以活性有机物料、 磷矿粉为微生物丽菌群 的生命载体, 该微生物磷肥能消除土壤板结, 促进土壤团粒结构形成, 增强 土壤通透性及蓄水保肥能力, 自动平衡土壤酸碱度, 提高土壤自身肥力、 肥 效, 对沙化地和盐碱地的改造有良好效果; 能防止土壤中各种真菌、 细菌类 病害的发生, 减轻重茬障碍, 提高作物抗病能力, 降解土壤中的残留农药, 改善作物品质。
本发明的另一个目的在于利用 WH菌群的作用, 能将中低品位的磷矿粉 转化为高效能的本活性微生物磷肥, 充分利用了矿产资源, 缓解磷矿资源的 供求压力, 同时, 本活性微生物磷肥在生产过程中所耗用的电量较少, 既节 约能源, 又达到环保要求。 本发明提供了两种新的微生物, 一种是纤维素链 霉菌 Streptowces cellulosa ) , 名为而 9菌种; 另一种为杂色曲霉原变 种 {Aspergillus versicolor) , 名为 WH13菌种。
本发明提供的微生物磷肥包含由以下 4种菌种组成的菌群的发酵物: 枯草 芽孢杆菌, 名为 WH2菌种; 地衣芽孢杆菌, 名为 WH4菌种; 纤维素链霉菌, 名为 WH9菌种;杂色曲霉原变种,名为 WH13菌种。其中 WH2菌种和 WH4菌种 的保藏信息如下: 枯草芽孢杆菌 acillus subtilis) 保藏单位为中国微 生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心 (简称 CGMCC), 保藏日期为 1999 年 4月 23日, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 0395. 2, 名为 WH2菌种; 地衣芽抱杆菌 {Bacillus licheniformis): 保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普 通微生物中心(简称 CGMCC),保藏日期为 1999年 4月 23日,保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 0395. 4, 名为 WH4菌种; 纤维素链霉菌 Streptomyces cellulosaeH 藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心 (简称 CGMCC), 保 藏日期为 2007年 9月 13日,保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 2167, 名为 WH9菌种; 杂 色曲霉原变种
Figure imgf000005_0001
versicolor): 保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏 管理委员会普通微生物中心 (简称 CGMCC), 保藏日期为 2007年 9月 13日, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 2171, 名为 WH13菌种。
本发明的微生物磷肥为上述菌群的二级菌种与磷矿粉和活性有机物料的 发酵物。 活性有机物料选自下述中的一种或多种: 制糖滤泥、 鸡粪、 猪粪、 花生麸、 麦皮、 木薯渣和菜籽饼等。
本发明的微生物磷肥中使用的菌群中的各菌种配比以重量百分比 (基于 菌群总重)计为:
( 1 ) WH2菌种: 13-50%; (2 ) WH4菌种: 10-45%;
(3 ) WH9菌种: 8-40%; (4) WH13菌种: 8-37%。
本发明还提供了上述微生物磷肥的制造方法, 其包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将 WH2菌种、蘭 4菌种、 WH9菌种、 WH13菌种按上述重量百分比混 合成 WH菌群;
(2)按以下重量百分比配制所述 WH菌群的二级培养基:
活性有机物料 35— 45% ; 米糠 35— 45% ; 大豆粉 15— 17% ; 奶粉 1. 5—2. 5%; 糖 0. 5—1. 5%; 其余为水;
( 3 ) 二级菌种的培养: 先将 WH菌群二级培养基按所述配方混合拌匀, 常温下接种 WH菌群, 二级培养基温度范围 30°C— 60°C, PH值 6. 5— 7. 5, 培 养时间 5-15天, 获得 WH菌群的二级菌种; (4)将磷矿粉、 活性有机物料和 WH菌群的二级菌种, 按以下重量百分 比混合(基于三者的总重), 常温发酵 12天以上, 得到微生物磷肥:
碟矿粉 20-90%;
活性有机物料 5-40%;
WH菌群的二级菌种 5-40%。
通常, 步骤(3)所培养的 WH菌群的二级菌种所含活菌数为 5亿一 30亿 个 /克。
上述磷矿粉可以采用 P20 5含量为 8— 28%的中低品位磷矿粉, 通过生物 发酵处理转化为高效能的活性微生物磷肥, 充分利用了矿产资源。
本发明是利用生物工程技术研制成的一种生物活性磷肥, 利用 WH菌群 对磷元素的强烈吸收效力。 本微生物磷肥是由经过严格筛选的多种有益农业 微生物经纯培养后复合而成, 施入土壤后可以解磷; 消除土壤板结; 可以明 显改善土壤养分供应状况,主要通过 WH菌群的各种菌剂促进土壤中难溶性 养分的溶解和释放。菌剂在代谢过程中同时释放出大量的无机有机酸性物质, 促进土壤中微量元素硅、 铝、 铁、 镁、 钼等的释放及螯合, 改善土壤养分的 供应情况。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有如下显著的效果:
( 1 )本活性微生物磷肥, 在 WH菌群的作用下, 施入土壤中能被作物 直接吸收, 磷肥利用率可达 70%以上, 使用量只是传统磷肥一半以下, 大大 提高了磷矿资源利用率, 节约了宝贵的不可再生资源。
(2) WH菌群能在土壤中对不溶性盐进行分解, 改善了土壤的结构, 解 决了长期以来土壤中有效磷不足的问题, 使土壤板结现象得到很大改善。
(3 )本微生物磷肥通过生物发酵处理磷矿粉,在生产过程中大大降低了 生产成本、 提高了生产效率, 传统化学工艺利用浓酸生产磷肥过程中会排放 大量的二氧化硫, 污染空气, 而本微生物磷肥在生产过程中不会产生二氧化 硫, 彻底解决了化学方法所产生空气污染问题。
(4)本微生物磷肥使用后不会造成土壤酸化、盐化,有效改善土壤生态 环境及土壤养分的供应情况, 能明显地提高作物的品质和产量, 特别适合生 产绿色食品、 有机食品, 进而提高农产品的市场竞争力。
( 5 )施用本活性微生物磷肥对降低农产品的硝酸盐含量效果非常明显 , 能降低对人体健康无害的水平, 有益于人体健康。
( 6 )本活性微生物磷肥通过生物发酵处理磷矿粉,其生产工艺耗电量少, 与传统化学磷肥的生产工艺相比大大减少了电能的使用量,缓和了供电压力, 既节约能源, 又环保。
(7)在 WH菌群的作用下, 制造生物磷肥并不像传统化学磷肥产业局 限于使用中高品位磷矿 (P205含量 28%以上)进行生产, 制造本生物磷肥可 以利用中低品位(P205含量约 8%— 28%) 的磷矿, 特别是 P205含量在 26% 以下品位的磷矿资源, 这在很大程度上解决了磷矿资源短缺的问题, 所以说 大规模推广本活性微生物磷肥将能够大大提高磷矿资源的利用率, 在目前中 高品位磷矿储存量越来越少的情况下其效果显得尤为突出。
(8)采用本生物法制取磷肥,可充分利用中低品位磷矿粉,将其转化为 活性高效的生物磷肥,不但为社会节省了资源,而且可实现规模机械化生产, 大大降低了生产成本、 提高了生产效率、 促进了环保资源和工农业的良性循 环。 通过生物磷技术处理之后, 可将磷矿中的磷元素活化, 制成的肥料施用 于土壤后可有效改良土壤酸性、 补充磷素、 增强肥效, 进一步提高资源的利 用率; 生产制成的活性磷肥可显著提高农作物的产量和质量, 并可取代化学 方法制造磷肥。
( 9 )本活性微生物磷肥生产过程中不使用强酸而改用生物发酵的方法 , 从而避免了环境污染的出现; 在生物磷肥生产过程中, 减少了许多大型机械 设备的使用运行, 很大程度上间接降低了由于机械设备所造成的能源消耗, 生产本生物磷肥可解决大量有害气体排放所引起的温室效应, 而这正是现阶 段世界各国最关注的社会问题。
本发明涉及的生物材料样品保藏单位名称、 地址、 保藏日期和编号, 以 及该生物材料的分类命名如下表: 保藏单位 地址 保藏日期 保藏编号 分类命名 中国微生物菌种保藏管理 北京市朝阳区大屯
1999年 4月 CGMCC 枯草芽孢杆菌 委员会普通微生物中心,简 路, 中国科学院微生
23日 NO.0395.2 Bacillus subtilis 称 CGMCC 物研究所
中国微生物菌种保藏管理 北京市朝阳区大屯 地衣芽孢杆菌
1999年 4月 CGMCC
委员会普通微生物中心,简 路, 中国科学院微生 Bacillus
23日 NO.0395.4
称 CGMCC 物研究所 licheniformis 中国微生物菌种保藏管理 北京市朝阳区大屯 纤维素链霉菌
2007年 9月 CGMCC
委员会普通微生物中心,简 路, 中国科学院微生 Streptomyces
13日 N0.2167
称 CGMCC 物研究所 cellulosae 中国微生物菌种保藏管理 北京市朝阳区大屯 杂色曲霉原变种
2007年 9月 CGMCC
委员会普通微生物中心,简 路, 中国科学院微生 Aspergillus
13曰 N0.2171
称 CGMCC 物研究所 versicolor
具体实施方式
通过下面实施例对本发明作进一步详细阐述。
实施例 1
本实施例的菌群配比如下 (重量百分比):
( 1 ) WH2菌种: 13%; (2) WH4菌种: 10%;
(3) WH9菌种: 40%; (4) WH13菌种: 370/0
按如下工艺步骤制造本实施例的微生物磷肥:
( 1 )将上述 WH2菌种、 WH4菌种、 WH9菌种、 WH13菌种按上述重量百分 比的配比混合均匀组成为 WH菌群;
(2) WH菌群二级培养基配方(重量百分比)为:
活性有机物料 40% (其中滤泥 20%、 鸡粪 20%)、 米糠 40%、 大豆粉 16%、 奶粉 2%、 糖 1%、 其余水;
( 3 ) 二级菌种的培养: 先将 WH菌群二级培养基按上述配方混合拌匀, 常温下接种 H菌群, 培养基温度 60°C, PH值 7. 0, 培养时间 5天, 培养成 熟后获得 WH菌群的二级菌种 (或称为活性糠菌), 含活菌可达 30亿个 /克;
(4)将磷矿粉、活性有机物料和二级菌种, 按以下配方混合, 常温发酵 12夭, 得到微生物磷肥, 然后进行粉碎、 包装:
磷矿粉 20%;
活性有机物料(其中滤泥 20%、 鸡粪 20%) 40%;
二级菌种 40%。 实施例 2
本实施例的微生物磷肥各成份的配比及参数与例 1不同之处为:
1、 本微生物磷肥内含菌种的配比为 (重量百分比) - ( 1 ) WH2菌种: 50%; (2) WH4菌种: 26%;
(3) WH9菌种: 8%; (4) WH13菌种: 16%。
2、 二级菌种培养基的配比(重量百分比) 为:
活性有机物料 35% (其中滤泥 20%、木薯渣 15%)、米糠 45%、大豆粉 15%、 奶粉 2. 5%、 糖 1. 5%、 其余水。
3、 二级菌种培养基温度为 45 °C, PH值 6.5, 培养时间 10天, 含活菌数 可达 15亿个 /克。
4、 将中低品位的磷矿粉、 活性有机物料和二级菌种, 按以下配方混合, 常温发酵 13天, 得到微生物磷肥, 然后可进行粉碎、 包装:
磷矿粉 55%;
活性有机物料(花生麸 10%、 猪粪 10%) 20%;
二级菌种 25%。
其余各成份的配比、 各参数及工艺步骤同例 1。 实施例 3
本实施例的微生物磷肥各成份的配比及各参数与实施例 1不同之处为: 1、 本微生物磷肥内含菌种的配比为 (重量百分比):
( 1 ) WH2菌种: 30%; (2) WH4菌种: 45%;
(3) WH9菌种: 17%; (4) WH13菌种: 8%。
2、 二级菌种培养基的配比 (重量百分比)为: 活性有机物料 45% (其中滤泥 30%、 猪粪 15%)、 米糠 35%、 大豆粉 15%、 奶粉 1. 5%、 糖 1. 5%、 其余水。
3、 二级菌种培养基温度为 30°C, ?11值7. 5, 培养时间 15天, 含活菌数 可达 5亿个 /克。
4、 将中低品位的磷矿粉、 活性有机物料和二级菌种, 按以下配方混合, 常温发酵 14天, 得到微生物磷肥, 然后可进行粉碎、 包装:
磷矿粉 90%;
活性有机物料 (菜籽饼 5%) 5%;
二级菌种 5%。
其余各成份的配比、 各参数及工艺步骤同例 1。 实施例 4: 应用对比实例之一
地点: 湖北省赤壁市农科所
试验单位: 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所
作物: 水稻 (中稻)
试验时间: 2007年 6月 30日—— 2007年 10月 27日 表 1 : 生物磷肥试验处理及施肥方法
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 2: 施用不同磷肥时, 中稻的主要经济性状表 有效穗
株高 禾惠长 每穗实 秕谷率 千粒重 处理 (穗 /
(cm) (cm) (粒) (%) (g) 蔸) 蔸)
1 106.3 12.6 23.6 9.2 102.8 23.1 23.9
2 104.0 13.1 23.8 10.0 105.4 22.3 23.86
3 106.9 10.1 23.9 9.4 111.6 19.7 24.03
4 106.9 13.3 23.5 10.2 103.9 26.3 24.02
5 105.1 13.5 23.2 10.4 99.8 23.8 23.71 表 3: 施用不同磷肥时, 中稻的产量对照表
Figure imgf000011_0001
表 4: 施用不同磷肥对中稻磷吸收的影响
Figure imgf000011_0002
对中稻秸秆及籽粒进行分析, 其结果从以上表中可以看出, 施用生物磷 肥可以提高水稻秸秆及籽粒的磷的吸收总量,与不施用磷肥的对照处理相比, 增加磷的吸收总量在 18. 58-44. 09%,说明施用生物磷肥可以提高土壤中磷的 有效性, 增加作物的磷吸收量。 同时, 施用 40kg/亩生物磷肥比施用过磷酸 钙处理的磷吸收总量高 4. 85%, 说明在长期施用化学磷肥的土壤上施用生物 磷肥可以起到增产的效果。 施用生物磷肥与不施用磷肥的对照处理相比具有 显著的增产效果, 特别是施用 20kg/亩的生物磷肥处理比对照每公顷增加产 量 525公斤, 比施用过磷酸钙的增加产量 125. lkg/hm2。无论是 20kg/亩的生 物磷肥处理还是 40kg/亩的生物磷肥处理, 稻谷的产量都比磷矿粉显著高一 些。 说明施用生物磷肥可以释放土壤中缓效的磷素, 并将其转变为作物更易 利用的形态, 从而增加作物的产量。 实施例 5: 应用对比实例之二
地点: 湖北省农科院作物所玉米试验地
试验单位: 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所
作物: 玉米
试验时间: 2007年 8月 13日—— 2007年 11月 5日 表 1: 生物磷肥试验处理及施肥方法
Figure imgf000012_0001
表 2: 用生物磷肥试验甜玉米的产量结果
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 3: 施用不同磷肥对玉米的磷吸收的影响
Figure imgf000013_0002
表 4: 施用不同磷肥时玉米的产量对照表
Figure imgf000013_0003
从以上表中可以看出, 甜玉米施用生物磷肥比对照增产 7%左右, 效果好 于施用过磷酸钙, 特别是在连续施用化学磷肥的土壤上, 施用生物磷肥对作 物及环境具有双重效益。 施用生物磷肥可以提高玉米秸秆及籽粒的磷的吸收 N2008/001850 总量, 比不施磷肥的对照处理相比, 增加磷的吸收总量在 28. 13- 50. 56%, 说 明施用生物磷肥可以提高土壤中磷的有效性, 增加作物的磷吸收量, 同时施 用生物磷肥比施用过磷酸钙处理的磷吸收总量高 2. 2-24. 63%,说明在长期施 用化学磷肥的土壤上施用生物磷肥可以起到增产的效果。 施用生物磷肥可以 提高作物的粗蛋白质含量, 比对照增加 2. 70-6. 98%, 说明生物磷肥不仅可改 变土壤磷素的供应, 而且可以改善土壤营养环境, 提高作物的品质。 实施例 6: 应用对比实例之三
地点: 广东省佛山市高明区西安镇崇步村
试验户主: 陈浩彬
作物: 水稻
产量的比较见表 1, 经济性状见表 2
表 1 : 产量对比试验:
Figure imgf000014_0001
表 2: 性状对比试验
Figure imgf000014_0002
水稻施用本微生物磷肥能显著增加分蘖数, 促进根系生长, 改善各项经 济性状, 增强抗倒伏能力及减轻紋枯病危害。 与施过磷酸钙相比, 水稻施用 本微生物磷肥平均有效穗数可提高 2%, 穗长增加 4%, 结实率提高 3.2%, 增产达 4%以上, 且紋枯病的发生较轻 (每季至少可减少用药 1次)。 实施例 7: 应用对比实例之四
地点: 广东省佛山市高明区杨和镇大楠村基围
户主: 张连华
作物: 农大一号甜玉米
产量比较见表 1, 茎粗、 株高等性状比较见表 2 表 1 : 产量对比试验 单位: kg
Figure imgf000015_0001
本微生物磷肥能够有效增强玉米的生长态势, 提高出苗率和成苗率, 防 止早衰、 空秆、 缺粒和倒伏, 增加茎粗和叶片数, 提高单穗重和产量, 减少 秃顶穗和病虫害的发生, 口感无渣、 鲜甜。 与施过磷酸钙相比, 玉米施用本 微生物磷肥茎粗增加 0.1— 0.2cm, 增加叶片数 1一 1.5个, 单穗重提高 3.6%, 空秆率降低 18%, 缺粒率降低 20%, 秃顶穗减少 13 %, 叶斑病发生率减少 30% , 产量增加 3.7%。 实施例 8: 应用对比实例之五
地点: 广东省佛山市高明区杨和镇大楠村基围
户主: 张连华
作物: 苦瓜 产量比较见表 1, 座瓜数、 单瓜重等性状比较见表 2 表 1 : 各处理产量结果 单位: kg
Figure imgf000016_0001
表 2: 座瓜数、 单瓜重等性状对比试验
Figure imgf000016_0002
本微生物磷肥能够有效促进苦瓜的生长, 增加茎粗, 根系发达, 提高叶 片光合作用及座瓜率, 增加瓜肉厚度和重量, 减少畸形瓜, 增加入级瓜, 延 长采收期, 并减少枯萎病的发生。 与施过磷酸钙相比, 苦瓜施用本微生物磷 肥座瓜率提高 11 % , 瓜肉厚度增加 0.05cm, 单瓜重增加 8克, 畸形瓜减少 14% , 叶片增厚约 0.03mm, 枯萎病减少 20— 30%, 采收期延长 7— 10天, 产量增加 4 %。

Claims

权利要求
1、微生物,其特征在于:所述微生物为纤维素链霉菌,保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 2167; 或杂色曲霉原变种, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 2171。
2、微生物磷肥,其特征在于:该微生物磷肥包含由以下 4种菌种组成的菌群 的发酵物: 枯草芽孢杆菌, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 0395. 2, 名为観 2菌种; 地 衣芽孢杆菌, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 0395. 4, 名为 WH4菌种; 纤维素链霉菌, 保藏编号为 CGMCC N0. 2167, 名为 WH9菌种; 杂色曲霉原变种, 保藏编号为 CGMCC NO. 2171 , 名为 WH13菌种。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的微生物磷肥,其特征在于:所述磷肥为上述菌 群的二级菌种与憐矿粉和活性有机物料的发酵物。
4、根据权利要求 2所述的微生物磷肥,其特征在于:以菌群总重为基准, 各菌种的重量百分比为-
( 1 ) WH2菌种: 13-50%; (2) WH4菌种: 10-45%;
(3 ) WH9菌种: 8-40%; (4) WH13菌种: 8-37%。
5、根据权利要求 3所述的微生物磷肥,其特征在于: 以下各成分的重量 百分比为:
WH菌群的二级菌种 5-40%;
磷矿粉 20-90%;
活性有机物料 5-40%;
6、权利要求 2- 5任意一项所述的微生物磷肥的制造方法,其包括以下步 骤-
( 1 )将 WH2菌种、 WH4菌种、 WH9菌种、 WH13菌种按权利要求 3所述的 重量百分比混合成 WH菌群;
(2)按以下重量百分比配制所述 WH菌群的二级培养基:
活性有机物料 35— 45% ; 米糠 35— 45% ; 大豆粉 15— 17% ; 奶粉 1. 5—2. 5%; 糖 0. 5—1. 5%; 其余为水;
(3 ) 二级菌种的培养: 先将 WH菌群二级培养基按所述配方混合拌匀, 常温下接种 WH菌群,二级培养基温度范围 30°C— 60°C, PH值.6. 5— 7. 5,培 养时间 5- 15天, 获得 WH菌群的二级菌种;
(4)将磷矿粉、 活性有机物料和 WH菌群的二级菌种, 按以下重量百分 比混合, 常温发酵 12天以上, 得到微生物磷肥:
磷矿粉 20-90%;
活性有机物料 5-40%;
WH菌群的二级菌种 5-40%。
7、根据权利要求 6所述微生物磷肥的制造方法,其特征在于:所述磯矿 粉为 P205含量为 8%— 28%的磷矿粉。
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