WO2009059489A1 - Four à vide à distillation continue - Google Patents

Four à vide à distillation continue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009059489A1
WO2009059489A1 PCT/CN2008/000299 CN2008000299W WO2009059489A1 WO 2009059489 A1 WO2009059489 A1 WO 2009059489A1 CN 2008000299 W CN2008000299 W CN 2008000299W WO 2009059489 A1 WO2009059489 A1 WO 2009059489A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
graphite
evaporation tray
evaporation
heating element
continuous vacuum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/000299
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Weiping Dai
Bin Su
Wanqi Tang
Guobin Jia
Original Assignee
Kunming Diboo Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CNU2007201051294U external-priority patent/CN201119024Y/zh
Priority claimed from CNU2007201051307U external-priority patent/CN201119025Y/zh
Priority claimed from CNU2007201051434U external-priority patent/CN201129929Y/zh
Application filed by Kunming Diboo Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Kunming Diboo Technology Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2009059489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009059489A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
    • C22B19/16—Distilling vessels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B25/00—Obtaining tin
    • C22B25/08—Refining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a continuous vacuum resistance furnace, and more particularly to an electric resistance furnace having a guide groove on an evaporation tray. Background technique
  • the vacuum resistance furnace is mainly used for separation and purification of various metals, and can also be used for other heat treatment.
  • the liquid metal material After the liquid metal material is fed into the resistance furnace, it enters the evaporation trays of each layer in turn and is heated to a higher temperature by the graphite heating element.
  • the low-boiling metal evaporates from a liquid state to a gaseous state, condenses into a liquid state on a graphite condensing hood, is collected by a manifold, and flows out through the discharge pipe.
  • the liquid metal remaining material that has not been evaporated flows out through the remaining material tube.
  • the evaporation tray is a flat disk body, and the evaporation time and evaporation order of the liquid metal material in the disk are uncertain, so that some of the metal which should be evaporated is not evaporated or partially should not be The metal evaporated is evaporated due to the residence time in the furnace for too long, and the temperature reaches its boiling point, which affects the purity of the target molten metal.
  • a graphite heat shield and a condensation cover are arranged on the periphery of the evaporation tray, which can provide a certain heat preservation effect, but the heat preservation effect is not satisfactory.
  • the temperature S of the condensation hood also rises, causing the gaseous metal to volatilize to condense on the condensation hood, thereby failing to obtain a qualified product and reducing the production yield.
  • connection between the well-known graphite heating element and the graphite heating element base is to dig a groove on the base of the graphite heating element, insert the heating body foot into the groove, and then use the graphite wedge to wedge and heat to inject the alloy liquid, after cooling. Install it again.
  • the shortcomings of this connection method are small conductive area, unstable current, complicated installation process, large loss of alloy liquid, and short service life of the heating element.
  • the tin liquid In the process of distillation of tin alloy in vacuum resistance furnace, the tin liquid is above 1.000 °C. When the temperature is above 600 'C, the tin liquid can dissolve iron, and the high temperature tin liquid reacts with the wall of the tube to produce tin-iron alloy. Erosion of the discharge pipe, resulting in a very short service life of the residual pipe, reducing the continuous working time, increasing maintenance costs; the resulting tin-iron alloy contaminated liquid tin, resulting in reduced product quality. Therefore, steel pipes cannot be used directly as tin liquid pipes. At present, the existing method is to switch to other special alloy pipes with very high cost, such as molybdenum pipes and titanium pipes, which has the disadvantage of being too costly.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum resistance furnace which can strictly control the flow direction and residence time of a material in an evaporation tray, has low energy consumption, low cost, and long service life.
  • a novel continuous vacuum resistance furnace comprising a graphite heating element, an evaporation tray, a manifold, a graphite condensation cover, a graphite sealing cover, a furnace shell, a feed pipe, a discharge pipe, a residual pipe, an exhaust pipe, and an edge of the evaporation disk
  • a metal vapor outlet and a heating body penetrating hole is formed in the center of the evaporation tray; after the plurality of evaporation trays are stacked together, the heating element penetrating the graphite heating element penetrates the hole and is insulated and fixed by the graphite heating body base and the furnace shell;
  • the evaporation tray is surrounded by a graphite condensing hood that surrounds the graphite condensing hood and the busbar, is placed in the furnace shell, has a busbar at the bottom of the graphite condensing hood and the graphite sealing hood, and the busbar and the discharge tube
  • a graphite insulation sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the evaporation tray;
  • connection and fixing between the graphite heating element and the graphite heating element base are realized by using graphite bolts and graphite nuts;
  • the graphite heating element is composed of a graphite heating rod and a graphite connecting block, and the graphite heating rod and the graphite connecting block are connected and fixed by a thread and a graphite nut;
  • the residual material pipe is lined with a graphite liquid discharge pipe, and the graphite liquid discharge pipe is formed by splicing the eccentric hole position by a plurality of core graphite heat dissipating units, or is spliced by a plurality of spiral graphite heat dissipating units.
  • the spiral graphite heat dissipating unit is a graphite pipe with a spiral guide groove on the inner wall.
  • At least one coiled guide groove is disposed on the evaporation tray, and the beginning end of the guide groove is defined as a material inflow point, and the end of the guide groove is a material outflow hole.
  • the material flows along the direction of the flow guiding trough for a certain distance before it can flow out from the material outflow hole. This ensures that the first inflowing material flows out first, and the material distillation time is strictly consistent.
  • a graphite insulating sleeve is added on the periphery of the evaporation tray, which not only heats the evaporation tray, but also heats the outer condensation cover.
  • connection between the graphite heating element and the graphite heating element base is fixed, using graphite bolts and graphite nuts. This saves production cost and maintenance cost compared with the original integrated structure, and ensures the stability of the current during the production process, reducing the loss and energy consumption of the alloy liquid.
  • the original integrated structure of the graphite heating element is formed by connecting the graphite heating rod and the graphite connecting block, so that the manufacturing cost of the heating body is greatly reduced, and the processing process is simplified. After any part of the heating element is damaged, other parts can still be used, reducing maintenance costs.
  • the steel residual material tube can be lined with an eccentric hole graphite heat dissipation unit. Or a graphite discharge tube composed of a spiral graphite heat dissipating unit.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: the low-cost method strictly controls the flow direction and residence time of the material in the evaporation, ensures that the distillation time of the material in the furnace is equal, and the quality is stable and the purity is high. Metal products.
  • the design of the graphite insulation sleeve ensures that the evaporation tray can obtain a higher temperature at a relatively low current; and the lower temperature of the condensation hood is ensured, and the gaseous material can be quickly condensed on the condensation hood, which not only reduces the energy of the furnace. Consumption, qualified products, and increased furnace output.
  • the graphite heating element connection structure ensures the stability of the current during the production process, reduces the loss of the alloy liquid and energy consumption; effectively prolongs the service life of the heating element, reduces the consumption of raw materials, reduces the production cost, and prolongs the maintenance cycle of the production process.
  • the graphite outlet tube design eliminates the corrosion of the tin steel to the steel tube, prolongs the service life of the steel tube and reduces production and maintenance costs.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of an evaporation tray of Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the A type of evaporation tray AA in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a ⁇ view of a type B evaporation tray in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the y-evaporation disk of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the installation of a graphite thermal insulation cover according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view showing a graphite heating element in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the C-C orientation of the graphite heating element in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a graphite heating element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is the central axis of the graphite heater rod 4 a sectional view according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view showing a graphite connecting block in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of the graphite connecting block in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the penetration hole of the heating element of the evaporation tray of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the penetration hole of the heating element of the type B evaporation tray in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view of the eccentric graphite heat sink unit in the fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the efedging graphite heat-dissipating unit graphite liquid-out pipe in the residual material tube in the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 17 is a diagram showing the graphite tube heat-dissipating unit graphite liquid-out tube lined in the remaining material tube in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure.
  • the structure of the evaporation tray 1 includes a material inflow point 2, a guiding trough 3, and a material outflow hole 4,
  • a metal vapor outlet 5 On the edge of the evaporation tray, there is a metal vapor outlet 5; the material inflow point 2 is close to the edge of the evaporation tray, and the material outflow hole 4 is adjacent to the heating body insertion hole 6.
  • the guide groove 3 is wound from the material inflow point 2 to the material outflow hole 4.
  • a heat generating body penetration hole 6 is left in the center of the evaporation tray.
  • the depth of the guide groove 3 is 9 , and the projections around the material outflow hole 4 are 3.5 inches higher than the bottom of the flow channel 3 to extend the residence time of the material in the evaporation tray.
  • 3 and 4 show the structure of the type B evaporation tray 7, which differs from the type 1 evaporation tray 1 in that the material outflow hole 4 is close to the edge of the evaporation tray, and the material inflow point 2 is close to the heat generating body penetration hole 6.
  • a type of evaporation tray 1 and a plurality of evaporation trays 7 are stacked at intervals, and the material inflow point 2 and the material outflow hole 4 on the second type of evaporation tray 7 are respectively separated from the material outflow hole 4 and the lower layer A on the upper layer of the evaporation tray 1.
  • the position of the material inflow point 2 on the evaporation tray 1 corresponds to the position, so that the metal material enters the lower evaporation tray and undergoes warm distillation after undergoing warm distillation of the upper evaporation tray. : - as shown in FIG.
  • the graphite heating element 8 is inserted through the heating element of the evaporation tray into the hole 6, and is insulated from the furnace shell 10 by the graphite heating element base 9; the laminated evaporation tray is surrounded by the graphite condensation cover 11;
  • a busbar 12 is disposed at the bottom of the graphite condensing cover 11, and the graphite condensing cover 11 and the busbar 12 are surrounded by a graphite sealing cover 13; the periphery of the graphite sealing cover 13 is wrapped by the furnace shell 10; the outer portion of the furnace casing 10 is left with a busbar a 12-way discharge pipe 14 and a residual pipe 15 communicating with the bottommost evaporation tray material outflow hole; the feed pipe 16 extends through the furnace shell 10 and the graphite sealing cover 13 and the graphite condensation cover 11 into the evaporation tray The suction pipe 17 passes through the furnace shell 10.
  • Example 2
  • a graphite thermal insulation jacket 18 is provided on the periphery of the first type of evaporation tray 1 and the second type of evaporation tray 7, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the graphite insulation jacket 18 has a thickness of 12.5 mm and an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the evaporation tray.
  • the graphite thermal insulation sleeves 18 have an interference fit when the outer sleeves are outside the evaporation tray, and the graphite thermal insulation sleeve 18 does not loosen and fall off.
  • the graphite insulation jacket 18 of the upper and lower evaporation trays has a 3 ⁇ 5 mm gap at the metal vapor outlet 5 to ensure that the vaporized gaseous metal can be evaporated from the evaporation tray in time.
  • the graphite heating element 8 and the graphite heating element base 9 are connected and fixed by a graphite bolt 19 and a graphite nut 20, as shown in Figs. Threaded through holes 21 and optical holes 22 are respectively formed at the connection positions of the graphite heating element 8 and the graphite heating element base 9, and the graphite heating element 8 and the stone are used by the graphite bolts 19.
  • the graphite nut 20 is used to proceed to the fourth embodiment.
  • the graphite heating element 23 is composed of three graphite heating rods 24 and one graphite connecting block 25, as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the graphite heating rods 24 are threaded at both ends, as shown in FIG.
  • the graphite connecting block 25 has an equilateral triangle shape, and a light hole 26 is formed at a position close to each apex angle, as shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12.
  • the graphite heating rods 24 are connected and fixed to the graphite connecting blocks 25 by the graphite nuts 20.
  • a steel outlet pipe 28 is lined in the steel residual pipe 15, and the graphite outlet pipe 28 is formed by splicing the eccentric graphite heat dissipating unit 29, as shown in Fig. 15. 16 is shown.
  • the eccentric hole graphite heat dissipating unit 29 is provided with an eccentric hole 30 having a hole diameter of 10 mm, and the eccentric hole graphite heat dissipating unit 29 is spliced in a manner of 180° misalignment between the eccentric holes 30 to form a graphite liquid discharge pipe 28.
  • the graphite discharge pipe 28 is formed by splicing the spiral graphite heat radiating unit 31. As shown in Fig. 17, the spiral graphite heat radiating unit 31 is a graphite pipe having a spiral type guide groove 32 on the inner wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

连续式真空电阻炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种连续式真空电阻炉， 更具体地说， 涉及一种蒸发盘上带导流槽的电阻 炉。 背景技术
真空电阻炉主要供各种金属分离提纯之用， 也可作其它热处理之用。液态金属物料被 送进电阻炉后，依次进入各层蒸发盘中，并被石墨发热体加热至更高的温度。在此过程中， 低沸点金属由液态变为气态而蒸发出去， 在石墨冷凝罩上冷凝为液态， 并经汇流盘收集， 通过出料管流出。 而没有被蒸发的液态金属剩料则通过剩料管流出。 现有技术中， 蒸发盘 为一个平面盘体， 液态金属物料在盘内的蒸发时间和蒸发顺序都是不确定的， 因而会造成 部分应该被蒸发出的金属没有被蒸发出来或是部分不应该被蒸发出来的金属由于在炉中 停留时间过长， 温度达到其沸点而被蒸发出来， 影响了目标金属液的纯度。
此外， 目前公知的真空电阻炉中， 蒸发盘外围有石墨保温罩和冷凝罩， 能起到一定的 保温作用， 但是保温效果并不理想。要想提高蒸发盘的温度， 只有增大电流， 这势必会造 成很大的能源浪费。 而且， 随着蒸发盘温度的提升， 冷凝罩的温 S的也会升高， 导致挥发 出来气态金属无法在冷凝罩上冷凝， 从而无法得到合格产品， 也降低了生产产量。
公知的石墨发热体和石墨发热体底座的连接， 是在石墨发热体底座上挖一个凹槽， 将 发热体脚插入凹槽内，然后用石墨楔子楔紧、加热后注入合金液体，待冷却后再安装使用。 这种连接方法的不足之处是导电面积小、 电流不稳定、 安装工序繁琐、 合金液体损耗大、 发热体使用寿命短等。
在真空电阻炉蒸馏处理锡合金过程中， 出来的锡液都在 1.000°C以上， 当温度在 600 'C以上时， 锡液已能够溶解铁， 高温锡液和导管壁反应产生锡铁合金，'侵蚀了出料管， 导 致剩料管的使用寿命非常短， 减少了连续工作时间， 增加了维护成本； 所产生的锡铁合金 污染液态锡， 导致产品品质降低。 所以不能直接使用钢管作锡液导管。 目前， 现有的方法 是改用成本非常高的其他特种合金管材， 如钼管、 钛管， 其缺点是成本太高。
1 .
确认本 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够严格控制 料在蒸发盘内的流动方向和滞留时间，能耗 低、 成本低、 使用寿命长的真空电阻炉。
为达到上述目的， 本发明采取以下的技术方案： .
一种新型连续式真空电阻炉， 包括石墨发热体、 蒸发盘、 汇流盘、 石墨冷凝罩、 石墨 密封罩、 炉壳、 进料管、 出料管、 剩料管、 抽气管， 蒸发盘边缘上有金属蒸气出口， 蒸发 盘的中央有发热体穿入孔； 多个蒸发盘层叠在一起后， 石墨发热体贯穿其上的发热体穿入 孔并通过石墨发热体底座与炉壳绝缘固定； 层叠的蒸发盘被石墨冷凝罩所包围， 石墨密封 罩包围着石墨冷凝罩和汇流盘， 被置于炉壳中， 在石墨冷凝罩和石墨密封罩的底部有汇流 盘， 并且汇流盘与出料管相通； 最底层蒸发盘物料流出孔与剩料管相通并穿出炉壳底部； 进料管穿过炉壳和石墨密封罩伸入到蒸发盘的上方，抽气管穿过炉壳并与石墨密封罩内部 空间相通； 蒸发盘上至少有一条盘绕的导流槽， 导流槽的始端为物料流 Λ点， 导流槽的终 端为物料流出孔。 ' ' ' '
还可以包括以下改进：
所述蒸发盘的外围设有石墨保温套；
所述蒸发盘上的发热体穿入孔有三个。 ：
所述石墨发热体与石墨发热体底座之间的连接、 固定 r采用石墨螺栓和石墨螺母的方 式实现；
所述石墨发热体由石墨发热棒和石墨连接块构成，石墨发热棒和石墨连接块之间通过 螺纹和石墨螺母连接固定； .
所述剩料管内衬石墨出液管，所述石墨出液管由多 ^M 心孔石墨散热单元以偏心孔位 置错位分布的方式拼接而成， 或由多个螺旋型石墨散热单元拼接而成， 螺旋型石墨散热单 元为内壁带有螺旋型导料坑槽的石墨管道。
以下对本发明的原理进行说明：
在蒸发盘上设置至少一条盘绕的导流槽， 并限定导流槽的始端为物料流入点， 导流槽 的终端为物料流出孔。物料沿着导流槽的走向流动一段距离后才能从物料流出孔流出， 这 样保证了最先流入的物料最先流出， 物料蒸馏的时间严格一致。 在蒸发盘的外围增设一个石墨保温套， 这样不仅对蒸发盘起到保温作用， 而且对外面 的冷凝罩起到隔热的效果。
所述蒸发盘上的发热体穿入孔有三个， 使三相发热体的三个分支分别穿过这三个孔， 避免了由于温度太高导致发热体三相电的三个分支之间击穿空气而造成短路，减少了热量 损失和蒸发盘内外壁温差。
石墨发热体与石墨发热体底座之间的连接 > 固定， 采用石墨螺栓和石墨螺母的方式实 现。这样既比原来的一体式结构更节省生产成本和维护成本， 又能保证生产过程中电流的 稳定性， 降低了合金液体的损耗和能耗。
改石墨发热体原有的一体式结构为由石墨发热棒和石墨连接块连接固定而成，这样发 热体的制造加工成本大大降低， 加工工艺简化。 发热体任何一部分损坏后， 其他部分仍能 继续使用， 降低了维护成本。
为了克服现有剩料管和高温金属液反应产生新合金而污染蒸馏产品， 同时高温金属液 侵蚀钢制出料管等问题，在钢制剩料管中可内衬一个由偏心孔石墨散热单元或螺旋型石墨 散热单元构成的石墨出液管。通过延长高温金属液在石墨出液管中的流动时间， 实现在较 短的距离内进行较大的热量交换， 让高温金属液迅速降温， 保证在金属液和钢制剩料管壁 接触时， 金属液不会与其发生反应。
本发明的有益效果是： 以低成本的方法实 ¾了对物料在蒸发^:内流动方向和滞留时 间的严格控制， 保证了物料在炉内的蒸馏时间完^相等, 得到质量稳定、 纯度高的金属产 品。石墨保温套的设计保证了在相对低的电流下， 蒸发盘就能获得较高的温度； 并保证冷 凝罩的较低温度， 气态物料能很快在冷凝罩上冷凝，不但降低了炉子的能耗， 得到了合格 产品， 还提高了炉子产量。 石墨发热体连接结构保证了生产过程中电流的稳定性， 降低合 金液体损耗及能耗； 有效地延长了发热体的使用寿命， 降低原材料的消耗，降低了生产成 本， 延长了生产过程的维护周期。石墨出液管设计消除锡液对钢管的腐蚀， 延长了钢管的 使用寿命， 也降低了生产和维护成本。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1中甲种蒸发盘的正视图; 图 2是本发明实施例 1中甲种蒸发盘 A-A向剖视图；
图 3是本发明实施例 1中乙种蒸发盘的 ιέ视图；
图 4是本发明实施例 1中乙种蒸发盘 Β-Β向剖视图;
图 5是本发明实施例 1的结构示意图;
图 6是本发明实施例 2的石墨保温套安装示意图；
图 7是本发明实施例 3中石墨发热体的俯视图；
图 8是本发明实施例 3中石墨发热体的 C-C向安装示意图；
图 9是本发明实施例 4中石墨发热体的结构示意图；
图 10:是本发明实施例 4中石墨发热棒的中轴剖视图；
图 11是本发明实施例 4中石墨连接块的正视图；；
图 12是本发明实施例 4中石墨连接块的 D- D向剖视图；
图 13是本发明实施例 4中甲种蒸发盘的发热体穿入孔示意图；
图 14是本发明实施例 4中乙种蒸发盘的发热体穿入孔示意图；
图 15是^:发明实施例 5中偏心孔石墨散热单元的正视图；
图 16是本发明实施例 5中剩料管内^ f偏心孔石墨散热单元石墨出液管的结构示意图； 图 17是本发明实施例 5中剩料管内衬螺旋型石墨散热单元石墨出液管的结构示意图。 附图标记说明： 1-甲种蒸发盘； 2-物料流入点； 3-导流槽； 4-物料流出孔； 5-金属蒸 气出口； 6-发热体穿入孔； 7-乙种蒸发盘； 8-石墨发热体； 9-石墨发热体底座； 10-炉壳; 11-石墨冷凝罩； 12-汇流盘； 13-石墨密封罩; 14-出料管； 15 -剩料管； 16-进料管； 17- 抽气管； 18-石墨保温套； 19-石墨螺栓；. 20-石墨螺母； 21-螺纹通孔； 22-光孔； 23-石墨 发热体； 24-石墨发热棒； 25-石墨连接块; 26-光孔； 27-发热体穿入孔； 28-石墨出液管; 29 -偏心孔石墨散热单元； 30-偏心孔； 31-螺旋型石墨散热单元； 32-螺旋型导料坑槽。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明内容作进一步说明。
实施例 1
如图 1、 图 2所示甲种蒸发盘 1结构， 包括物料流入点 2、 导流槽 3、 物料流出孔 4， 在蒸发盘的边缘上有金属蒸气出口 5; 物料流入点 2靠近蒸发盘的边缘，.物料流出孔 4靠 近发热体穿入孔 6。 导流槽 3自物料流入点 2开始盘绕至物料流出孔 4。 在蒸发盘的中央 留有发热体穿入孔 6。 导流槽 3深度为 9 ， 物料流出孔 4周边的凸台比导流槽 3槽底高 出 3. 5画， 以延长物料在蒸发盘中的滞留时间。 图 3、 图 4所示为乙种蒸发盘 7结构， 其 与甲种蒸发盘 1的不同之处在于： 物料流出孔 4靠近蒸发盘的边缘， 料流入点 2靠近发 热体穿入孔 6。 甲种蒸发盘 1与乙种蒸发盘 7间隔层叠在一起， 并且乙种蒸发盘 7上的物 料流入点 2和物料流出孔 4分别与上层甲种蒸发盘 1上的物料流出孔 4和下层甲种蒸发盘 1上的物料流入点 2的位置相对应， 这样， 金属物料在经历了上一层蒸发盘加温蒸馏后又 顺利进入下一层蒸发盘接受加温蒸馏。 ： - 如图 5所示， 将石墨发热体 8贯穿蒸发盘上的发热体穿入孔 6， 通过石墨发热体底座 9与炉壳 10绝缘固定； 用石墨冷凝罩 11包围层叠后的蒸发盘； 在石墨冷凝罩 11的底部 设置汇流盘 12， 再用石墨密封罩 13包围石墨冷凝罩 11和汇流盘 12; 石墨密封罩 13的外 围有炉壳 10包裹；炉壳 10的外部留有与汇流盘 12相通的出料管 14以及与最底层蒸发盘 物料流出孔相通的剩料管 15; 进料管 16穿过炉壳 10和石墨密封罩 13、石墨冷凝罩 11伸 入到蒸发盘的上方， 抽气管 17穿过炉壳 10。 实施例 2
在实施例 1的基础上， 在甲种蒸发盘 1和乙种蒸发盘 7的外围设置石墨保温套 18， 如图 6所示。 所述的石墨保温套 18厚度为 12. 5mm, 其内径与蒸发盘的外径相当。 石墨保 温套 18套在蒸发盘外时二者成过盈配合， 石墨保温套 18不会松动脱落。上下两个蒸发盘 的石墨保温套 18在金属蒸气出口 5处留有 3^5 mm间隙 保证蒸发出来的气态金属能够及 时从蒸发盘中蒸发出去。 实施例 3
在至少包含实施例 1的基础上，石墨发热体 8与石墨发热体底座 9之间通过石墨螺栓 19和石墨螺母 20连接及固定， 如图 7、 图 8所示。 在石墨发热体 8和石墨发热体底座 9 对应的连接位置上分别开有螺纹通孔 21和光孔 22， 用石墨螺栓 19将石墨发热体 8和石 墨发热体底座 9连接起来后， 再用石墨螺母 20进 实施例 4
在至少包含实施例 1的基础上，石墨发热体 23由 3根石墨发热棒 24和 1个石墨连接 块 25构成， 如图 9所示。 石墨发热棒 24的两端制有螺纹， 如图 10所示。 石墨连接块 25 呈等边三角形形状， 并且靠近各顶角的位置分别开有光孔 26， 如图 11、 图 12所示。 3根 石墨发热棒 24的一端分别穿过石墨连接块 25上的光孔 26后，用石墨螺母 20将石墨发热 棒 24与石墨连接块 25连接固定在一起。 相应地， 蒸发盘的发热体穿入孔 27有 3个并呈 等边三角形分布， 如图 13、 图 14所示。 实施例 5
在至少包含实施例 1的基础上， 在钢制剩料管 15中内衬一个石墨出液管 28, 该石墨 出液管 28由偏心孔石墨散热单元 29拼接而成， '如图 15、 图 16所示。 偏心孔石墨散热单 元 29上制有孔径为 10mm的偏心孔 30， 将各偏心孔石墨散热单元 29按照偏心孔 30之间 180° 错位分布的方式拼接起来， 组成石墨出液管 28。 石墨出液管 28由螺旋型石墨散热 单元 31拼接而成， 如图 17所示， 螺旋型石墨散热单元 31为内壁带有螺旋型导料坑槽 32 的石墨管道。
本说明书列举的仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，凡在本发明的工作原理和思路下所做的 等同技术变换， 均视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 、 一种连续式真空电阻炉， 包括石墨发热体、 蒸发盘、 汇流盘、 石墨冷凝罩、 石墨密封 罩、 炉壳、 进料管、 出料管、 剩料管、 抽气管， 蒸发盘边缘上有金属蒸气出口， 蒸发 盘的中央有发热体穿入孔； 多个蒸发盘层叠在一起后， 石墨发热体贯穿其上的发热体 穿入孔并通过石墨发热体底座与炉壳绝缘固定； 层叠的蒸发盘被石墨冷凝罩所包围， 石墨密封罩包围着石墨冷凝罩和汇流盘， 被置于炉壳中， 在石墨冷凝罩和石墨密封罩 的底部有汇流盘， 并设有穿过石墨冷凝罩和石墨密封罩底部与汇流盘相通的出料管； 最底层蒸发盘物料流出孔与剩料管相通并穿出炉壳底部； 进料管穿过炉壳和石墨密封 罩伸入到蒸发盘的上方， 抽气管穿过炉壳并与石墨密封罩内部空间相通； 其特征在于： 蒸发盘上至少有一条盘绕的导流槽， 导流槽的始端为物料流入点， 导流槽的终端为物 料流出孔。 ' 、 根据权利要求 1所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 所述蒸发盘包括甲种蒸发盘 和乙种蒸发盘； 甲种蒸发盘物料流入点靠近蒸发盘的边缘， 物料流出孔靠近发热体穿 入孔； 乙种蒸发盘物料流出孔靠近蒸发盘的边缘， 物料流入点靠近发热体穿入孔。 、 根据权利要求 2所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 甲种蒸发盘与乙种蒸发盘间 隔层叠在一起， 并且乙种蒸发盘上的物料流入点和物料流出孔分别与上层甲种蒸发盘 上的物料流出孔和下层甲种蒸发盘上的物钭流入点的位置相对应。 、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 所述蒸发盘上的发 热体穿入孔有三个， 使三相发热体的三个分支分别穿过这三个孔。 、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于: 所述蒸发盘的外围 设有石墨保温套。 、 根据权利要求 5所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 上下两个蒸发盘的石墨保温 套之间留有间隙。 、 根据权利要求 1所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： ^述石墨发热体与石墨发热 体底座之间的连接、 固定采用石墨螺栓和石墨螺母的方式实现。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 7所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 所述石墨发热体由石墨 发热棒和石墨连接块构成， 石墨发热棒和石墨连接块之间通过螺纹和石墨螺母连接固 定。 9、 根据权利要求 1所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 所述剩料管内衬石墨出液管。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的连续式真空电阻炉， 其特征在于： 所述石墨出液管由多个偏心 孔石墨散热单元以偏心孔位置错位分布的方式拼接而成或由多个螺旋型石墨散热单元 拼接而成， 螺旋型石墨散热单元为内壁带有螺旋型导料坑槽的石墨管道。
PCT/CN2008/000299 2007-11-08 2008-02-04 Four à vide à distillation continue WO2009059489A1 (fr)

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CNU2007201051294U CN201119024Y (zh) 2007-11-08 2007-11-08 一种真空炉石墨发热体连接结构
CNU2007201051307U CN201119025Y (zh) 2007-11-08 2007-11-08 一种延长锡液出料管使用寿命的装置
CNU2007201051434U CN201129929Y (zh) 2007-11-12 2007-11-12 一种带保温套的真空炉蒸发盘
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