WO2009044037A1 - Substrat en verre a gradient d'indice de refraction et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Substrat en verre a gradient d'indice de refraction et procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009044037A1 WO2009044037A1 PCT/FR2008/051567 FR2008051567W WO2009044037A1 WO 2009044037 A1 WO2009044037 A1 WO 2009044037A1 FR 2008051567 W FR2008051567 W FR 2008051567W WO 2009044037 A1 WO2009044037 A1 WO 2009044037A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- equal
- glass
- substrate
- substrate according
- ions
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/005—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to introduce in the glass such metals or metallic ions as Ag, Cu
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/008—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in solid phase, e.g. using pastes, powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of optical glasses. More specifically, it relates to glass substrates comprising at least one gradient-refractive index unit obtained by ion exchange.
- the production of glass substrates comprising one or more refractive index gradient units integrated into the glass has been the subject of numerous developments, the purpose of which is in particular to increase miniaturization and to better control the optical performances.
- the glass substrates comprising such units are generally obtained by a process combining an ion exchange (for obtaining the refractive index gradient) and photolithography (for producing a mask on the surface of the glass in the form of motifs).
- Ion exchange has been used for many years to produce refractive index gradient patterns in glass articles. This is a technique based on the ability of some ions of different polarizabilities, particularly alkaline ions, to be able to exchange with one another and thus form an ionic pattern.
- the ion exchange is carried out by treating the glass in a bath of molten salts of said ions at an elevated temperature, generally between 200 and 550 ° C., for a time sufficient to obtain the desired level of exchange.
- An electric field can be applied to accelerate the ion exchange rate.
- thallium is the most widespread ion for the implementation of ion exchange on glass.
- the ion exchange with silver ions makes it possible to reach a level of refractive index comparable to that obtained with thallium, avoiding the associated risks of toxicity. Nevertheless, it is found that the sodium-calcium silicate glasses develop during the ion exchange an intense yellow coloration caused by the appearance of colloids resulting from the reduction of Ag + ions in Ag °, even when the amount of money is low. Such staining is not acceptable for optical glasses. Many solutions have been developed to overcome these disadvantages.
- these solutions consisted in providing specific glass compositions suitable for ion exchange treatment, in particular alkaline silicate glass compositions (US-A-3,873,408 and US-A-4,952,037) and borosilicate type (US-A-3,880,630, US-A-4,952,037, US-A 5,958,810, US-A-6,066,273, US-A-2001/0003724, US-A-2003/0161048). and US-A-2005/0137075).
- alkaline silicate glass compositions US-A-3,873,408 and US-A-4,952,03
- borosilicate type US-A-3,880,630, US-A-4,952,037, US-A 5,958,810, US-A-6,066,273, US-A-2001/0003724, US-A-2003/0161048.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a glass substrate capable of undergoing a treatment for exchanging the alkaline ions of the glass with silver ions from an external source which allows the formation of at least one ionic unit, said pattern ionic having a gradient of refractive index and an acceptable depth while having a yellow color as low as possible.
- the invention aims to obtain a glass substrate comprising at least one ionic unit having a refractive index variation with respect to the glass located outside the pattern greater than or equal to 0.03, a depth greater than or equal to 100 microns and a light transmittance at 410 nm (TL410) greater than or equal to 60%.
- Said specific glass composition described hereinafter is that of the front substrate the ion exchange and it corresponds to the composition of the glass located outside the silver pattern (s) after the ion exchange treatment.
- the substrate consists of a glass having the following composition, in weight percent: SiO 2 67.0 - 73.0%, preferably 70.0 - 72.0%
- Total iron (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) 0 - 0.03%, preferably 0.005 - 0.01% Redox (FeO / total iron) 0.02 - 0.4, preferably 0.02 - 0.2
- the glass substrate according to this embodiment has, after the ion exchange with silver, at the level of the pattern or units, a variation of the refractive index greater than or equal to 0.05, preferably greater than or equal to 0 08.
- the refractive index is identical over the entire thickness of the glass where the ion exchange has occurred.
- the substrate consists of a glass having the following composition, in percentage by mass:
- MgO 0 - 5% preferably 1.0 - 3.0%
- BaO 0 - 5% preferably 0 - 1, 0% TiO 2 0 - 5%, preferably 0 - 3.0%
- Total iron (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) 0 - 0.1%, preferably 0 - 0.08%
- the sum of the Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O contents varies from 3 to 10%.
- a total content of these oxides of less than 6% makes it possible to obtain a substrate having a low coefficient of thermal expansion 06 25 - 300 , in particular between 40 and 60 ⁇ 10 -7 K -1 , whereas a content greater than 6% has the effect of increasing the variation of the refractive index beyond 0.06.
- the glass substrate according to this second embodiment has, after the silver ion exchange, a coefficient of thermal expansion OC 25 - 300 of less than 60 ⁇ 10 -7 K -1 , preferably of between 30 and 45 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ 7 K "1 .
- the substrate consists of a glass having the following composition, in percentage by mass:
- Total iron (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) 0 - 0.1%, preferably 0 - 0.08%
- the glass substrate according to this third embodiment has, after the silver ion exchange, a coefficient of thermal expansion OC 25 - 300 of less than 60 ⁇ 10 -7 K -1 , preferably of between 30 and 45 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ 7 K "1 .
- the glass substrate according to the invention has, at the level of the ionic unit (s), a light transmission coefficient TL410 greater than or equal to 80%, which corresponds to a weak yellow coloration.
- the substrate according to the invention has an exchange depth of greater than or equal to 200 ⁇ m.
- the method of manufacturing the glass substrate comprising one or more ionic units is also an object of the present invention.
- This process comprises the steps of: a) contacting the glass substrate with an external source of silver ions b) subjecting the assembly to a temperature ranging from 200 to 400 ° C., preferably 250 to 350 ° C., in the presence of an electric field for a time sufficient to at least partially replace the alkaline ions with silver ions, c) optionally, subjecting the substrate to a heat treatment to diffuse the silver ions laterally into the glass.
- the external source of silver ions may be a bath of one or more known molten silver salts, for example a chloride or a nitrate.
- the silver ion source is applied to one side of the substrate in a pattern or pattern network of predefined shape.
- the pattern can be obtained through the silver ion source, which then has a geometry to provide the desired pattern, or by forming on the surface of the glass a diffusion mask capable of withstanding the ion exchange treatment and having appropriate openings to obtain the shape of the pattern.
- the mask may be, for example, a mechanical mask made according to known lithography and / or etching techniques, for example a dielectric, conductive or resin mask, or an ionic mask having a pattern complementary to the desired pattern (s) (s). ) formed by diffusion from an ionic species having a lower mobility than the mobility of the silver ions.
- the face opposite to the first face of the substrate in contact with the silver ions is brought into contact with a bath of molten salts of a second ionic species which allows the diffusion of the alkaline ions coming from the glass, for example a sodium nitrate and or potassium nitrate.
- a mixture of equal parts of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate is used.
- the external source of silver ions may also consist of a solid layer based on metallic silver (Ag °) or ionic (Ag + ) deposited on one side of the substrate according to the desired pattern or pattern of patterns.
- the deposition of the solid layer can be carried out by known methods, for example by screen printing a paste based on metallic silver or a paste comprising a silver salt, in particular a chloride, a nitrate or a sulphate of silver, and a polymer, by cathodic sputtering of metallic silver or by depositing a solution comprising a silver salt, especially a silver chloride, nitrate or sulphate, and a polymer, followed by a treatment to evaporate the liquid phase.
- the single silver pattern has a sufficient dimension or the silver patterns form a continuous network
- said pattern or said network acts as an electrode and can thus be connected directly to the voltage generator so that the exchange Ionic ion can occur in the next step b).
- This electrode may be solid or perforated and may have a shape and a variable dimension adapted to the pattern (s) to silver.
- the face of the substrate opposite to the coated face of the silver pattern or units is provided with an electrode capable of accepting the alkaline ions extracted from the glass during the exchange.
- step b) an electric field is applied between the baths or the electrodes in contact respectively with the first and second faces of the substrate, which makes it possible to increase the diffusion rate of the silver ions in the glass and thus to reduce the ion exchange time.
- the electric field can vary to a large extent depending on the conductivity of the glass substrate used and its thickness, for example from 0.1 to 1000 V / mm glass thickness, preferably 1 to 200 V / mm.
- step b) aims to reroute the ions in the ionic pattern in a plane parallel to the first face of the substrate.
- This treatment is carried out under the known temperature conditions, for example 300 to 400 ° C.
- the glass substrate according to the invention can be used in particular to form index gradient lenses.
- the following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
- a substrate is formed from the glass composition comprising the constituents below, in the following contents expressed in percentages by weight:
- the substrate is a square 5 cm square and 2.1 mm thick.
- the substrate is subjected to an ion exchange treatment in the device shown in Figure 1a (cross section) and 1b (longitudinal section along the axis AA).
- the device comprises the substrate 1 provided with two compartments 2 and 3, forming reservoirs, applied facing one another.
- the compartments 2 and 3 are attached to the substrate by means of an adhesive 4 which also acts as a seal with respect to the contents of the reservoir.
- the compartments 2 and 3 are each provided with a platinum electrode 5 and 6 connected to a voltage generator 9.
- the compartment 2 contains a bath 7 of AgNO 3 and the compartment 3 is filled with a mixture KNO 3: NaNO 3 (1: 1; mass: mass).
- the ion exchange is carried out at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 4 hours by applying an electric field of 38.1 V / mm of glass thickness.
- a substrate is formed under the conditions of Example 1 modified in that the glass composition has the composition given below, in weight percent, in that the substrate has a thickness equal to 3.9 mm and in that the applied electric field is equal to 2 V / mm of glass thickness.
- the substrate has the following properties:
- a substrate is formed under the conditions of Example 1 modified in that the glass composition has the composition given below, in mass percentage, in that the substrate has a thickness equal to 2 mm, in that the field applied electric is equal to 100 V / mm glass thickness and in that the duration of the ion exchange is equal to 6 hours.
- the substrate has the following properties
- a substrate is formed under the conditions of Example 1 modified in that the glass composition has the composition given below, in weight percent: SiO 2 71, 1%
- the substrate has the following properties:
- a substrate is formed under the conditions of Example 1 modified in that the glass composition has the composition given below, in mass percentage, in that the thickness of the glass is equal to 4 mm, the applied electric field is equal to 75 V / mm glass thickness and the duration of the ion exchange is 19 hours.
- the substrate has the following properties:
- the glass compositions of Examples 1, 2 and 3 according to the invention make it possible to have a variation of the refractive index of at least 0.038 over a depth of at least 140 ⁇ m without a significant reduction in the transmission. light measured at 410 nm, that is to say without the appearance of an undesirable yellow coloring.
- Comparative Example 1 shows a high yellowness level resulting in a low TL410 value of 34.5%
- Comparative Example 2 shows a small change in refractive index of 0.015. .
- Substrates are formed under the conditions of Example 1 having the composition given in Table 1, expressed as a percentage by mass.
- Example 4 and 5 are in accordance with the invention and Example 6 is a comparative example with a high total iron content.
- the substrates have a thickness of 2 mm.
- Example 7 AND 8 Substrates are formed under the conditions of Example 1 having the composition given in Table 2, expressed as a percentage by weight.
- the substrates have a thickness of 2 mm.
- a substrate is formed under the conditions of Example 1 modified in that the glass composition has the composition given below, in weight percentage, in that the substrate has a thickness equal to 2 mm, in that the applied electric field is equal to 60 V / mm glass thickness and in that the duration of the ion exchange is equal to 5 hours.
- the substrate has the following properties:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010522427A JP2010537924A (ja) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | 反射率勾配を有するガラス基板及びその製造方法 |
US12/675,864 US20100179044A1 (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | Glass substrate with refractive index gradient and manufacturing process of same |
EP08835257A EP2197803A1 (fr) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | Substrat en verre a gradient d'indice de refraction et procede de fabrication |
CN200880105431A CN101795986A (zh) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | 具有折射率梯度的玻璃基材和其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0757327A FR2920426B1 (fr) | 2007-09-03 | 2007-09-03 | Substrat en verre a gradient d'indice de refraction et procede de fabrication |
FR0757327 | 2007-09-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009044037A1 true WO2009044037A1 (fr) | 2009-04-09 |
Family
ID=39262721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2008/051567 WO2009044037A1 (fr) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | Substrat en verre a gradient d'indice de refraction et procede de fabrication |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100179044A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2197803A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2010537924A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20100063051A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101795986A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2920426B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009044037A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102213779A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-12 | 佳能株式会社 | 透镜和透镜的制备方法 |
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US8673163B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2014-03-18 | Apple Inc. | Method for fabricating thin sheets of glass |
US7810355B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2010-10-12 | Apple Inc. | Full perimeter chemical strengthening of substrates |
FR2936794A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-09 | Saint Gobain | Composition de verre pour echange ionique au thallium et substrat en verre obtenu |
CN102388003B (zh) | 2009-03-02 | 2014-11-19 | 苹果公司 | 用于强化用于便携式电子设备的玻璃盖的技术 |
US9778685B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2017-10-03 | Apple Inc. | Housing for portable electronic device with reduced border region |
US9213451B2 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2015-12-15 | Apple Inc. | Thin glass for touch panel sensors and methods therefor |
FR2962124B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-01 | 2014-12-26 | Eurokera | Plaque de cuisson comprenant un guide d'ondes |
US10189743B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2019-01-29 | Apple Inc. | Enhanced strengthening of glass |
US8873028B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2014-10-28 | Apple Inc. | Non-destructive stress profile determination in chemically tempered glass |
US8664132B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2014-03-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | High transmittance glass |
US8824140B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2014-09-02 | Apple Inc. | Glass enclosure |
US9725359B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2017-08-08 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device having selectively strengthened glass |
US10781135B2 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2020-09-22 | Apple Inc. | Strengthening variable thickness glass |
US9128666B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2015-09-08 | Apple Inc. | Housing for portable electronic device with reduced border region |
US9944554B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2018-04-17 | Apple Inc. | Perforated mother sheet for partial edge chemical strengthening and method therefor |
US9516149B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-12-06 | Apple Inc. | Multi-layer transparent structures for electronic device housings |
US10144669B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2018-12-04 | Apple Inc. | Self-optimizing chemical strengthening bath for glass |
CN102557433A (zh) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-11 | 天津中环光伏太阳能有限公司 | 全氧燃烧池炉用太阳能玻璃 |
US10133156B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2018-11-20 | Apple Inc. | Fused opaque and clear glass for camera or display window |
US8684613B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2014-04-01 | Apple Inc. | Integrated camera window |
GB201200890D0 (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-02-29 | Univ Dundee | An ion exchange substrate and metalized product and apparatus and method for production thereof |
US8773848B2 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2014-07-08 | Apple Inc. | Fused glass device housings |
US9946302B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2018-04-17 | Apple Inc. | Exposed glass article with inner recessed area for portable electronic device housing |
US9459661B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2016-10-04 | Apple Inc. | Camouflaged openings in electronic device housings |
US9886062B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2018-02-06 | Apple Inc. | Exposed glass article with enhanced stiffness for portable electronic device housing |
CN104909563A (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种低铝高强度化学钢化玻璃及其制备方法 |
DE102016125544B4 (de) * | 2016-12-23 | 2020-10-01 | Glaswerke Arnold Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer biozid wirkenden Glasoberfläche eines Kalk-Natronsilicatglases |
DE102017102482B4 (de) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-11-21 | Schott Ag | Gläser mit verbesserter Ionenaustauschbarkeit und thermischer Ausdehnung |
CN110981188B (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-05-24 | 四川虹科创新科技有限公司 | 无机化学强化玻璃及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111777327A (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-16 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | 玻璃组合物、玻璃制品及其制造方法 |
EP4148025A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-15 | Schott Ag | Feuille de verre chimiquement renforcée et son procédé de production |
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FR2152608A1 (en) * | 1971-09-06 | 1973-04-27 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Soda glass with electrically conducting surface - - from partially reduced silver ions |
EP0380468A2 (fr) | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-01 | Polaroid Corporation | Méthode de fabrication de guides d'ondes enterrés |
US5104435A (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1992-04-14 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Method of making a plate microlens |
US5958810A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1999-09-28 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Optical glass with varying refraction index |
EP1365265A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-31 | 2003-11-26 | FDK Corporation | Element de guide d'onde optique et son procede de preparation |
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US3873408A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1975-03-25 | Bausch & Lomb | Method of producing a refractive index gradient in glass |
GB1475500A (en) * | 1973-12-06 | 1977-06-01 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Ophthalmic glass compositions |
JPS60154202A (ja) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-13 | Shimadzu Corp | ガラスレンズならびにその製造方法 |
JPH11250452A (ja) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-17 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 磁気ディスク用記録媒体 |
WO2003062863A2 (fr) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Color-Chip (Israel) Ltd. | Verres en silicate de zinc exempt de potassium destines a des procedes d'echange ionique |
-
2007
- 2007-09-03 FR FR0757327A patent/FR2920426B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-09-03 KR KR1020107004663A patent/KR20100063051A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-09-03 EP EP08835257A patent/EP2197803A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-03 WO PCT/FR2008/051567 patent/WO2009044037A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-09-03 CN CN200880105431A patent/CN101795986A/zh active Pending
- 2008-09-03 JP JP2010522427A patent/JP2010537924A/ja active Pending
- 2008-09-03 US US12/675,864 patent/US20100179044A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2152608A1 (en) * | 1971-09-06 | 1973-04-27 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Soda glass with electrically conducting surface - - from partially reduced silver ions |
US5104435A (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1992-04-14 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Method of making a plate microlens |
EP0380468A2 (fr) | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-01 | Polaroid Corporation | Méthode de fabrication de guides d'ondes enterrés |
US5958810A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1999-09-28 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Optical glass with varying refraction index |
EP1365265A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-31 | 2003-11-26 | FDK Corporation | Element de guide d'onde optique et son procede de preparation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2197803A1 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102213779A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-12 | 佳能株式会社 | 透镜和透镜的制备方法 |
US8582210B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2013-11-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Lens and method for producing lens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2010537924A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
FR2920426A1 (fr) | 2009-03-06 |
CN101795986A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
KR20100063051A (ko) | 2010-06-10 |
US20100179044A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
FR2920426B1 (fr) | 2011-05-06 |
EP2197803A1 (fr) | 2010-06-23 |
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