WO2009017252A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびその形成方法ならびに液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびその形成方法ならびに液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009017252A1 WO2009017252A1 PCT/JP2008/064166 JP2008064166W WO2009017252A1 WO 2009017252 A1 WO2009017252 A1 WO 2009017252A1 JP 2008064166 W JP2008064166 W JP 2008064166W WO 2009017252 A1 WO2009017252 A1 WO 2009017252A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
Definitions
- Liquid crystal aligning agent Liquid crystal aligning agent, liquid crystal aligning film and method for forming the same, and liquid crystal display
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, a method for forming the same, and a liquid crystal display element. More specifically, a liquid crystal alignment agent used for forming a liquid crystal alignment film capable of imparting a liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiation with polarized or non-polarized radiation without rubbing, and the liquid crystal alignment The present invention relates to a method for forming a liquid crystal alignment film without generating dust or static electricity from the agent, and a liquid crystal display device having excellent display quality.
- a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is made into a sandwich structure with a substrate with a transparent electrode having a liquid crystal alignment film, and the long axial force of the liquid crystal molecules as necessary.
- Liquid crystal display devices with twisted, TN (Twisted Nematic) (STN), Suspension Twisted Nematic (STN), and IPS (In Plane Switching) types are known. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-91277 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-12528).
- liquid crystal alignment film In such a liquid crystal cell, it is necessary to provide a liquid crystal alignment film on the substrate surface in order to align the liquid crystal in a predetermined direction with respect to the substrate surface.
- This liquid crystal alignment film is usually formed by a method (rubbing method) in which the organic film surface formed on the substrate surface is rubbed in one direction with a cloth material such as rayon.
- rubbing method a method in which the organic film surface formed on the substrate surface is rubbed in one direction with a cloth material such as rayon.
- dust will be generated in the process, or electrostatic force S may be generated or screened, which may cause display defects due to dust adhering to the alignment film surface. There was a problem of becoming.
- the liquid crystal alignment ability is imparted by irradiating a photosensitive thin film such as polyvinyl cinnamate, polyimide, and azobenzene derivative formed on the substrate surface with polarized or non-polarized radiation.
- a photosensitive thin film such as polyvinyl cinnamate, polyimide, and azobenzene derivative formed on the substrate surface with polarized or non-polarized radiation.
- the photo-alignment method is known. According to this method, uniform liquid crystal alignment can be realized without generating static electricity or dust (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-287453, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-251646, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the liquid crystal alignment film tilts the liquid crystal molecules at a predetermined angle with respect to the substrate surface. It must have pre-tilt angle characteristics.
- the pretilt angle is usually given by tilting the incident direction of the irradiated radiation to the substrate surface from the substrate normal.
- VA vertical alignment
- nt type liquid crystal cells
- this operation mode when a voltage is applied between the substrates and the liquid crystal molecules are tilted in the direction parallel to the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the substrate normal direction toward one direction in the substrate surface.
- a method of providing protrusions on the substrate surface a method of providing stripes on the transparent electrode, and using a wrapping alignment film, the liquid crystal molecules are directed from the substrate normal direction to one direction in the substrate surface.
- a method of tilting slightly (pre-tilting) has been proposed.
- the photo-alignment method controls the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell in a vertical alignment mode. It is known to be useful as a control method. That is, it is known that the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules during voltage application can be uniformly controlled by using a vertical alignment film to which an alignment regulating force and a pretilt angle are imparted by a photo-alignment method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-307736). JP-A-2004-163646, JP-A-2004-83810, JP-A-9-21 1468 and JP-A-2003-114437).
- the liquid crystal alignment film manufactured by the photo-alignment method can be effectively applied to various liquid crystal display elements.
- the conventional photo-alignment film has a problem that a large amount of radiation is necessary to obtain a large pretilt angle.
- radiation whose optical axis is tilted from the substrate normal in order to obtain a sufficient pretilt angle, radiation whose optical axis is tilted from the substrate normal must be irradiated at 10,000 J / m 2 or more.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to form a liquid crystal alignment film capable of imparting liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiation with polarized or non-polarized radiation without performing a rubbing treatment.
- the object is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a liquid crystal alignment film from a liquid crystal alignment agent without generation of dust or static electricity.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in liquid crystal alignment and a liquid crystal display element excellent in display quality.
- liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains (A) at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid and polyimide.
- the polyamic acid can be synthesized by reaction with tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine.
- the polyimide can be synthesized by dehydrating and ring-closing the polyamic acid.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid include butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2 , 3, 4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetra Forced sulfonic acid dianhydride, 1,3-dichloro-1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetramethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-dicyclohexyltetraforce sulfonic dianhydride, 2,3,5
- R 1 and R 3 are each a divalent organic group having an aromatic ring, and R 2 and R 4 are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl. A plurality of R 2 and R 4 may be the same or different.
- An aliphatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride such as a compound represented by each of the following:
- aromatic tetracarponic dianhydride such as a compound represented by each of the above can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the benzene ring of these aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be substituted with one or two or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably a methyl group).
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid include butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1 , 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride 2,3,5-tri-force l-poxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride, 1, 3, 3 a, 4, 5, 9b-hexahydro-5- (tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl) mononaphtho [1,2-c] furan 1,3-Dione 1, 3,3 a, 4, 5, 9 b-Hexahydro-8-methyl-5- (tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl) one naphtho [1,2-c] furan-1,3-dione
- the liquid crystal alignment film that is formed exhibits good liquid crystal alignment It is preferable from the viewpoint that can be made.
- Particularly preferred specific tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tri-propyloxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 1, 3, 3 a, 4, 5, 9 b-Hexahydro-5- (tetrahydro- 2,5-Dioxo-3-furanyl) 1-naphtho [1,2-c] furan 1,3-Dione 1, 3,3 a, 4, 5, 9 b-Hexahydro 8-methyl-5- (tetra Hydro-2,5-Dioxo 3-furanyl) Mononaphtho [1, 2-c] Furan 1, 3-dione, 3-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] Octane 2, 4-dione 6-spiro 3, 1 (tetrahydrofuran 1 ', 5, dione), 5— (2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl) 1 3-methyl-3 hexene 1,3
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid is a specific tetracarboxylic dianhydride as described above with respect to the total tetracarboxylic dianhydride,
- the content is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 80 mol% or more.
- diamines used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid include p-phenylene diamine, m-phenylene diamine, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4, diaminodiphenylethane, 4, 4, Diaminodiphenylsulfide, 4, 4, Diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3, 3, Monodimethyl-4, 4, Diaminobiphenyl, 4, 4 'Diaminobenzanilide, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2, 2, 1-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 5--amino 1 1 1 (4, 1-aminophenyl) 1 1,
- R 5 is a monovalent organic group having a ring structure containing pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, a nitrogen atom selected from piperidine and piperazine
- X 1 is a divalent An organic group
- R 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and is an integer of al «0 to 3).
- R 7 is a divalent organic group having a ring structure containing a nitrogen atom selected from pyridine, 'pyrimidine, triazine, piperidine and piperazine; and X 11 is Each of them is a divalent organic group, and a plurality of X 11 may be the same or different, R 8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a 2 is each , An integer from 0 to 3.)
- a diamine having two primary amino groups and a nitrogen atom other than the primary amino group in a molecule such as a compound represented by:
- R 9 is one O—, one COO—, one OCO—, one NHCO—, one CONH— or one CO—
- R 1 () is a steroid skeleton, a trifluoromethyl phenyl group , A monovalent organic group having a skeleton or group selected from a trifluoromethoxyphenyl group and a fluorophenyl group, or an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 11 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a 3 is an integer of 0 to 3.
- a monosubstituted phenylenediamine such as a compound represented by:
- R 1 2 are each Ri hydrocarbon radical der having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 presence of a plurality of 'may be the each be the same or different, p is Each is an integer from 1 to 3, and q is an integer from 1 to 20.
- Diaminoorganosiloxanes such as compounds represented by
- diamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the benzene ring of the aromatic diamine may be substituted with one or two or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably a methyl group).
- R 6 , R 8 and R 11 in the above formulas (D-1), (D-II) and (D-III) are each preferably a methyl group, and a 1, a 2 and a 3 are Each is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- R 1D steroid skeleton in (D-III) also one of the backbone or a carbon one-carbon bond composed of Shikuropentano one perhydrolase Hue phenanthrene nucleus properly skeletal became two or more forces double bond Say.
- R 1Q having a strong steroid skeleton those having 17 to 51 carbon atoms are preferable, and those having 17 to 29 carbon atoms are more preferable.
- R 1G having a steroid skeleton examples include, for example, cholestane-3-yl group, cholester-5-en-3-yl group, cholester 24-en-1-yl group, cholester 5, 24 -Gen-1 3-yl group, Lanostane 3-yl group, and the like.
- the diamines used to synthesize the polyamic acid are p-diylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, among the above. 2,2, -dimethyl —4,4, monodiaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-1,2,2,1bis (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 4,4, diadia Nodiphenyl ether, 2, 2-bis [4 (4-aminophenoxy) phenol] Propane, 9, 9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene, 2, 2-bis
- the diamine used for synthesizing the polyamic acid preferably contains 20 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more of the specific diamine as described above with respect to the total diamine. In particular, it is more preferable to contain 80 mol% or more.
- the polyamic acid in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine as described above.
- the proportion of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine used for the polyamic acid synthesis reaction is such that the acid anhydride group of tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 0.2 to A ratio of 2 equivalents is preferable, and a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents is more preferable.
- the synthetic reaction of the polyamic acid is preferably carried out in an organic solvent, preferably at a temperature of 20 to 150 ° C, more preferably 0 to L 0 0 ° C, preferably 0.1. -24 hours, more preferably 0.5-12 hours.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the generated polyamic acid.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl examples include aprotic polar solvents such as sulfoxide, carbyrolactone, tetramethylurea, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide; phenolic solvents such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol, and halogenated phenol.
- the amount of organic solvent used (a) is 0 for the total amount (a + b) of the total amount of reaction solution (a + b). The amount is preferably such that it is about 30% by weight.
- the amount of the organic solvent used (a) is It should be understood as meaning the total amount of organic solvent and poor solvent used.
- the organic solvent alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, halogenated hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon and the like, which are poor solvents for polyamic acid, can be used in combination as long as the polyamic acid to be produced does not precipitate.
- such poor solvents include, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4 monobutanediol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl lactate, lactic acid Butyl, Acetone, Methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, Cyclohexanone, Methyl acetate, Ethyl acetate, Butyl acetate, Methyl propionate, Ethyl ethoxypropionate, Jetyl oxalate, Jetyl malonate, Jetyl Ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono i-propyl ether, et N-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether,
- the proportion of the poor solvent used can be set as appropriate as long as the resulting polyamic acid does not precipitate, but it must be 50% by weight or less based on the total amount of the solvent. More preferably, it is more preferably 40% by weight or less, and further preferably 30% by weight or less.
- the reaction solution strength S obtained by dissolving the polyamic acid is obtained.
- This reaction solution may be used as it is for the preparation of the liquid crystal alignment agent, and the reaction solution contained in the reaction solution.
- the reamic acid may be isolated and then used for preparing a liquid crystal aligning agent, or the isolated polyamic acid may be purified and then used for preparing a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Polyamic acid is isolated by pouring the reaction solution into a large amount of poor solvent to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate under reduced pressure, or by distilling the reaction solution under reduced pressure using an evaporator. Can be performed.
- the polyamic acid can be purified by a method in which the polyamic acid is dissolved again in an organic solvent and then precipitated in a poor solvent, or a method in which the step of evaporating under reduced pressure in an evaporator is performed once or several times. it can.
- the polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing the above polyamic acid to imidize it.
- the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be a completely imidized product obtained by dehydrating and cyclizing all of the amic acid structure that the polyamic acid as a raw material had, or only a part of the amic acid structure. It may be a partially imidized product that is dehydrating and ring-closing and has both amic acid structure and imide ring structure.
- the polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention preferably has an imidation ratio of 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more.
- the imidation ratio is a percentage of the number of imide ring structures to the total of the number of polyimide amic acid structures and the number of imide ring structures. At this time, a part of the imide ring may be an isoimide ring.
- Such an imidization ratio can be known from 1 H-NMR of polyimide.
- the polyamic acid is preferably dehydrated and closed by (i) heating the polyamic acid or (i ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ dissolving the polyamic acid in an organic solvent and adding a dehydrating agent and a dehydrating ring-closing catalyst to this solution.
- the reaction temperature in the above method (i) of heating the polyamic is preferably 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably 60 to L 7 (TC.
- TC 60 to L 7
- the reaction temperature is less than 50 ° C, the dehydration ring-closing reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and when the reaction temperature exceeds 200 ° C, the molecular weight of the resulting polyimide may decrease. 1.0 to 2 4 hours, more preferably 1.0 to 12 hours.
- the dehydrating agent for example, an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, or trifluoroacetic anhydride may be used. It can.
- the amount of the dehydrating agent to be used depends on the desired imidation ratio, but is preferably from 0.1 to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the amic acid structure of the polyamic acid.
- the dehydration ring closure catalyst for example, tertiary amines such as pyridine, collidine, lutidine, and triethylamine can be used. However, it is not limited to these.
- the amount of the dehydration ring closure catalyst used is preferably from 0.01 to 10 moles per mole of the dehydrating agent used.
- the imidization rate can be increased as the amount of the above dehydrating agent and dehydrating ring-closing agent increases.
- Examples of the organic solvent used for the dehydration ring-closing reaction include the organic solvents exemplified as those used for the synthesis of polyamic acid.
- the reaction temperature for the dehydration ring closure reaction is preferably 0 to 180 ° C, more preferably 10 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is preferably 1.0 to 120 hours, more preferably 2.0 to 30 hours.
- the polyimide obtained in the above method (i) may be directly used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent, or may be used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent after purifying the obtained polyimide.
- a reaction solution containing polyimide is obtained.
- This reaction solution may be used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent as it is, or may be used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent after removing the dehydrating agent and the dehydrating ring-closing catalyst from the reaction solution. It may be used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent, or may be used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent after purifying the isolated polyimide.
- a method such as solvent replacement can be applied.
- the isolation and purification of the polyimide can be performed by performing the same operations as described above as the method for isolating and purifying the polyamic acid.
- One-end modified polymer The polyamic acid and the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be terminal-modified polymers each having a controlled molecular weight. By using the terminal-modified polymer, the coating properties of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be further improved without impairing the effects of the present invention.
- Such a terminal-modified polymer can be obtained by adding a molecular weight regulator to a polymerization reaction system when synthesizing a polyamic acid.
- a molecular weight regulator include acid monoanhydride, monoamine compound, monoisocyanate compound and the like.
- Examples of the acid monoanhydride include maleic anhydride, anhydrous fuuric acid, itaconic anhydride, n-decylsuccinic anhydride, n-dodecylsuccinic anhydride, n-tetradecylsuccinic anhydride And n-hexadecyl succinic anhydride.
- Examples of the monoamine compound include aniline, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-desylamine, n-undecylamine, n - Dodeshiruamin, n- Torideshiruami down, n- tetradecyl ⁇ amine, n- pen evening Deshiruamin, Kisadeshiruami down to n-, n - heptane evening Deshiruamin, n- O Kuta decyl ⁇ Min, and the like n- Eikoshiruamin .
- Examples of the monoisocyanate compound include phenyl isocyanate and naphthyl isocyanate.
- the proportion of the molecular weight modifier used is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight of the total of tetra force rubonic dianhydride and diamine used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid. 10 parts by weight or less.
- the polyamic acid and fc polyimide obtained as described above have a solution viscosity of 20 to 800 mPa ⁇ s when these are each made into a solution having a concentration of 10% by weight. Preferably, it has a night viscosity of 30 to 500 mPa * s.
- the solution viscosity (mP a ⁇ s) of the polymer is determined by the good solvent (eg, This is a value measured at 25 using an E-type viscometer for a polymer solution having a concentration of 10% by weight prepared using tyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.).
- the good solvent eg, This is a value measured at 25 using an E-type viscometer for a polymer solution having a concentration of 10% by weight prepared using tyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.
- the compound (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a compound having a photosensitive group that undergoes a crosslinking reaction or an isomerization reaction with light having a wavelength of 200 to 4111111 and an epoxy group.
- the compound (B) is not particularly limited as long as it has the above properties.
- the compound is an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A cyclohexyl group, an alkylcyclohexyl group or alkylphenyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkylyl group or a fluoroalkyl phenyl group having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Such (B) compounds include the following formula (1-1) (AW) — X— (Ep) n (1-1)
- A is a group represented by any of the following formulas (A-1) to (A-8), and W is the following formula (W-1) to (W-4)
- X is a tetravalent group represented by any of the following formulas (X-1) to (X-5), and Ep is the following formula (Ep-1) or (Ep-2) is a group, m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is 4-m.
- each R 1 independently represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, One CO_ ⁇ -, One NHCO-, a -CONH- or -CO-, X 2 is a single bond or the following formula (X 2 -l) ⁇ (X 2 - 3)
- X 3 is a single bond, * one O— (CH 2 ) a —, * — ⁇ ichi (CH 2 ) a — CO—, one (CH 2 ), —OCO— (CH 2 ) a —, or the following formula
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in the formula (A-1).
- X 4 is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, one COO
- X 5 is a single bond or a phenylene group
- X 6 is a single bond or the following formula (X 6 — 1)
- X 7 is a single bond, * —OC ⁇ — (CH 2 ) a —, * One OC ⁇ 1 (CH 2 ) a — CO— or the following formula (X 7 — 1)
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in formula (A-1).
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in the above formula (A-1), and X 8 is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur, respectively. Atom, 1 C OO—, 1 OCO—, 1 NHCO—, 1 CONH— or 1 CO—.
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in formula (A-1), and X 9 is a single bond or * (CH 2 ) a -C OO— (where a is an integer from 1 to 6 and “*” indicates that the bond with this is on the CO— side).)
- R 11 is a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom, and b is an integer of 0-4, respectively.
- examples of the alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms of R 1 include n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-year-old A octyl group, n-decyl group, n-dodecyl group, II monohexadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n-eicosyl group, etc .;
- fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include trifluoromethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl group, 3,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, 4, 4- 5, 5, 5-pentafluoropentyl group, 4, 4 1 5, 5-6, 6, 6- heptofluor hexyl group, etc .;
- alkyl hexyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include 4-methyl hexyl hexyl group, 4-n-butyl hexyl hexyl group, 41-n-pentyl cyclohexyl group, 4-n —Hexylcyclohexyl group, etc .;
- alkylphenyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include, for example, 41 n-butyl cyclohexyl group, 41 n-pentylphenyl group;
- Examples of the fluoroalkyl group having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl group; a fluoroalkyl having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- Examples of the phenyl group include, for example, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl group. it can.
- the steroid skeleton in R 1 refers to a skeleton composed of a cyclopentano 1 perhydrophenanthrene nucleus or a skeleton in which one or more of its carbon-carbon bonds are double bonds.
- the monovalent organic group of R 1 having a strong steroid skeleton those having 17 to 29 carbon atoms are preferable.
- Specific examples of R 1 having a steroid skeleton include, for example, Cholestane 3-yl group, Choles evening 5-Yen 3-yl group, Cholester 24-Yen 3-yl group, Cholester 5, 24— Gen 1-yl group, Lanostane 3-yl group and the like.
- the two N-substituted methylene groups in the above formula (X-5) are preferably in the meta position or the para position, respectively.
- the compound (B) as described above is, for example, the compound X— (Ep) 4 (where X and Ep are the same as those in the above formula (1 1 1), respectively) and the compound A 1 OH (provided that A can be synthesized by heating a mixture with the above formula (1-1), preferably in a suitable organic solvent, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
- Examples of the group X represented by the above formula (X-5) include compounds represented by the following formulas (X-5-1) and (X-5-2), respectively.
- Examples of the group A represented by the above formula (A-2) include compounds represented by the following formulas (A-2-1) to (A-1-15):
- Examples of the group A represented by the above formula (A-4) include compounds represented by the following formulas (A-4-1) to (A-4-3):
- Examples of the group A represented by the above formula (A-6) include compounds represented by the following formula (A-6-1):
- Examples of the group A represented by the above formula (A-8) include compounds represented by the following formulas (A-8-1) and (A-8-2), respectively. it can.
- R 1 has the same meaning as R 1 in the above formula (11-1), and a is X 3 in the above formula (A-1) and X 7 in (A-2), respectively. Or (same as a appearing in the definition of X 9 in (A-8).)
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-1-1) is prepared by reacting malonic acid with benzaldehyde having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 in the presence of a suitable base such as piperazine. Can be obtained.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-1 1 2) is obtained by heating, for example, hydroxycinnamic acid and an alkyl halide having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate. After reaction, an appropriate base such as sodium pentoxide is added. It can be obtained by hydrolyzing with an aqueous solution containing Al.
- the compound represented by the above formula ( ⁇ -1-3) is prepared by converting an benzoic acid derivative having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 into an acid chloride with thionyl chloride, and then converting the benzoic acid derivative to an appropriate amount such as carbonic acid lithium. It can be obtained by reacting with hydroxycinnamic acid at 0 to room temperature in the presence of a base.
- the compound represented by the above formula ( ⁇ -1-14) is composed of, for example, methyl hydroxybenzoate and an alkyl halide or tosylated alkyl having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 , and an appropriate base such as potassium carbonate.
- the reaction is carried out at room temperature to 100 ° C., and then hydrolyzed with an aqueous alkaline solution containing a suitable base such as sodium hydroxide, and further converted to acid chloride with thionyl chloride. It can be obtained by reacting with hydroxycinnamic acid at a temperature of 0 ° C. to room temperature in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-1-2 7) is, for example, a compound obtained by converting hexylcarboxylic acid having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 into an acid chloride with thionyl chloride. It can be obtained by reacting with hydroxycinnamic acid in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate at a temperature of 0 ° C. to room temperature.
- a suitable base such as potassium carbonate
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-2-1) is, for example, a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst with an alkyl acrylate having an alkyl corresponding to R 1 and an alkyl acrylate corresponding to R 1. It is said to be “reaction”.)
- the compounds represented by the above formulas (A-3-1) to (A-3-4-2) are, for example, 4 mono-cinnamic acid or 4-bromocinnamic acid chloride and an alcohol having a desired group, It can be synthesized by reacting phenol, alkyl halide, halogenated 7 reel or alkylamine to give 4-monocinnamic acid ester, and then adding acrylic acid by Heck reaction.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-4-11) is obtained by refluxing, for example, a succinic anhydride derivative having a desired group R 1 and 4-aminocinnamic acid in acetic acid, or toluene.
- a succinic anhydride derivative having a desired group R 1 and 4-aminocinnamic acid in acetic acid, or toluene can be synthesized by a method of returning in xylene in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as sulfuric acid or triethylamine.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-41-2) is prepared by, for example, reacting an alkyl iodide or bromide having a desired group R 1 and a methyl ester or ethyl ester of malic acid with a suitable catalyst such as silver oxide. After reacting in the presence of ether, it is hydrolyzed with alcohol, dehydrated and closed with acetic anhydride to form an acid anhydride derivative having the group R 1 — O—, and this is used as a raw material. It can be synthesized by the same method as the synthesis of the compound represented by the above formula (A-4-1).
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-4 13 ) is obtained by, for example, adding Michael with an alkylthiol having a desired group R 1 to maleimide, hydrolyzing maleimide, and then dehydrating and ring-closing it. It can be synthesized by the same method as the synthesis of the compound represented by the above formula (A-4-1) as a raw material.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-5-1) is obtained by, for example, converting a hydrogenation product of trimellitic anhydride into an acid chloride with salt thiothionyl and an alcohol having a desired group R 1. For example, after reacting in the presence of a suitable base such as triethylamine to form an ester, this is used as a raw material and synthesized by the same method as the synthesis of the compound represented by the above formula (A-41). Can do.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-6-1) is obtained by, for example, dehydrating and cyclizing hydroxyphthalic anhydride, and then refluxing this with 4-aminocinnamic acid in acetic acid, or by adding toluene or The presence of a suitable catalyst such as sulfuric acid or triethylamine in xylene It can be obtained by synthesizing an imide compound by a method of refluxing in the presence of the compound and reacting this with a halide having an alkyl group corresponding to R 1 in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-7-1) is obtained by reacting, for example, 4-nitrocinnamic acid with an alkyl halide having the desired group R 1 in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate. After forming an ester, this is reduced with tin chloride or the like to convert the nitro group to an amino group to obtain an intermediate, which is then refluxed in acetic acid with cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid anhydride, Alternatively, it can be synthesized by refluxing in toluene or xylene in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as triethylamine.
- a suitable catalyst such as triethylamine.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-8-1) can be used in place of cyclohexane carboxylic anhydride.
- the compound can be synthesized in the same manner as the compound represented by the above formula (A-7-1) except that an acid is used.
- the compound represented by the above formula (A-8-2) is obtained by reacting, for example, 4-nitrocinnamic acid and an alkyl octalide having the desired group R 1 in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate. After forming an ester, this is reduced with tin chloride or the like to obtain an intermediate with a nitrite group as an amino group, and then this intermediate is refluxed with acetic acid hydroxyphthalic acid in acetic acid, or toluene or xylene.
- the product can be synthesized by refluxing in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as triethylamine and adding succinic anhydride to the product.
- the compound A— ⁇ H is preferably 1 to 3 mol, more preferably 1 with respect to 1 mol of the compound X— (E p) 4. ⁇ 2 moles used.
- an aprotic organic solvent can be preferably used, and specific examples thereof include, for example, N —Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, aptilolactone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxy Sid, tetramethylurea, hexamethyl phosphortriamide and the like can be mentioned, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of the convenience of preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent to use the same organic solvent as the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- a mixed solvent is used as the organic solvent for the liquid crystal aligning agent, it is preferable to select one of the organic solvents constituting the mixed solvent as the organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is preferably used in such a ratio that the solid content concentration (the ratio of compound X— (E p) 4 and compound A—OH in the total weight force reaction solution) force weight% or more. It is more preferable to set the ratio so that this value is 5 to 50% by weight. '
- Examples of the catalyst that can be used in the reaction of the compound X— (E p) 4 and the compound A—OH include a base such as imidazole and tetraptylammonium bromide. And so on.
- the ratio of the catalyst to be used is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 5 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compound X— (E p) 4 .
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 to 25 ° C., more preferably 50 to 180 ° C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 6 hours.
- the compound represented by the above formula (1-1) thus obtained may be used alone as a single compound.
- the types of A, D, X and Ep in the above formula (1-1) and Two or more compounds having different one or more values of m and n may be used in combination.
- the proportion of the compound (B) used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer (A), and 5 to; L 0 0 More preferred is a weight part.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the (A) polymer and (B) compound as essential components as described above, and further contains other components as necessary. be able to.
- examples of such other components include a heat-sensitive crosslinking agent and a functional silane compound.
- the heat-sensitive cross-linking agent can be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in order to further improve the stability of the pretilt angle and film strength of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed. Is a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule (excluding those corresponding to the compound (B); hereinafter referred to as “epoxy compound”).
- the proportion of the epoxy compound used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 40 parts by weight or less, more preferably 25 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer (A).
- the functional silane compound can be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention for the purpose of further improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed and the substrate.
- Examples of such functional silane compounds include: 3-AminoProvir trimethoxysilane, 3-Aminominopropyltriethoxysilane, N— (2-Aminoethyl) 1 3-AminoPro Pyrtrimethoxysilane, N— (2-aminoethyl) 1-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl 3-aminopropyltri Methoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-triethoxysilylpropyltriethylenetriamine, N-trime Reamine, 1 0-trimethoxysilyl mono-1,
- the proportion of the functional silane compound used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 2 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer (A). .
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the above-mentioned (A) polymer and (B) compound as essential components, and can optionally further contain the above-mentioned other components, preferably these Prepared with components dissolved in solvent.
- an organic solvent that dissolves each of the above components and does not react with them is preferable.
- examples thereof include those exemplified above for use in the synthesis of polyamic acid.
- organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a preferred solvent composition is a composition obtained by combining the above-mentioned solvents, in which each component does not precipitate in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the surface tension of the liquid crystal aligning agent is in the range of 25 to 40 mN / m. It is such a composition.
- the solid content concentration in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention (the ratio of the total weight of components other than the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total weight of the liquid crystal aligning agent) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc. It should preferably be in the range of 1 to 10% by weight. That is, the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied to the substrate surface to form a coating film that becomes a liquid crystal aligning film.
- the solid content concentration is less than 1% by weight, If this is too small, it may be difficult to obtain a good liquid crystal alignment film.
- the solid content concentration exceeds 10% by weight, it may be difficult to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film having a good performance due to an excessive film thickness. It may be too large and the applicability may be insufficient.
- the particularly preferable range of the solid content concentration varies depending on the coating method employed when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the substrate.
- a range force S of 1.5 to 4.5% by weight S is particularly preferable.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 3 to 9% by weight, and the solution viscosity is in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, and the solution viscosity is in the range of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the temperature for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C. ⁇ Liquid crystal alignment film>
- the method for forming a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises a step of coating the above liquid crystal alignment agent on a substrate to form a coating film, and emitting polarized or non-polarized radiation to the coating film. I will.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is coated on the substrate, and then the coated surface is heated to form a coating film on the substrate.
- a pair of two substrates provided with a patterned transparent conductive film is formed on each transparent conductive film forming surface.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably applied by an offset printing method, a spin coating method or an ink jet printing method, respectively, and then each coated surface is heated to form a coating film.
- the substrate glass such as float glass and soda glass; plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polystrength Ponate, and poly (fl ring cyclic olefin)
- a transparent substrate made of can be used.
- tin oxide As the transparent conductive film provided on one surface of a substrate, tin oxide (S N_ ⁇ 2) NESA film made (US PPG registered trademark), indium oxide - from - tin oxide (S N_ ⁇ 2 I n 2 ⁇ 3)
- a method of forming a pattern by photo-etching after forming a non-patterned transparent conductive film, or forming a transparent conductive film For example, a method using a mask having a desired pattern may be used.
- a functional silane compound or functional titanium is formed on the surface of the substrate surface on which the coating film is to be formed.
- a pretreatment for applying a compound or the like in advance may be performed.
- preheating is preferably performed for the purpose of preventing dripping of the applied aligning agent.
- the pre-baking temperature is preferably 30 to 200 ° C., more preferably 40 to 15 ° C., and particularly preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
- the pre-bake time is preferably from 0.25 to 10 minutes, more preferably from 0.5 to 5 minutes.
- a firing (post-bake) process is carried out for the purpose of completely removing the solvent.
- the firing (post-bake) temperature is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the post bake time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes. It is.
- the film thickness of the coating film to be formed is preferably 0.001 to lm, more preferably 0.005 to 0.
- a conductive film forming surface of a substrate provided with a comb-shaped patterned conductive film and a counter substrate not provided with a conductive film are provided.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably applied by an offset printing method, a spinner method or an ink jet printing method, respectively, and then each coated surface is heated to form a coating film.
- the patterning method of the transparent conductive film, the pretreatment of the substrate, the heating method after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the preferred film thickness of the formed coating film are the above TN type This is the same as the case of manufacturing an STN type or VA type liquid crystal display element.
- the coating film formed as described above is then irradiated with linearly or partially polarized radiation or non-polarized radiation, optionally further at a temperature of 1550-250 ° C, preferably 1
- liquid crystal alignment ability is imparted to the coating film to form a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the radiation for example, ultraviolet light including light having a wavelength of 15 O nm to 800 nm and force capable of using visible light include ultraviolet light including light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm. preferable.
- irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, or from an oblique direction to give a pretilt angle, or a combination of these. You may go.
- the direction of irradiation needs to be oblique.
- the irradiation angle in the case of irradiation from an oblique direction is preferably 20 to 70 °, more preferably 30 to 60 ° with respect to the normal line of the coating film.
- Examples of light sources used include low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, deuterium lamps, metal octaride lamps, argon resonance lamps, xenon lamps, and excimers.
- a laser or the like can be used.
- Ultraviolet rays in the above preferred wavelength region can be obtained by means of using the light source together with, for example, a filter, a diffraction grating, or the like.
- the radiation dose is preferably 1 J / m 2 or more and less than 10,000 J / m 2 , and more preferably 100 to 3, OOO JZm 2 .
- a radiation dose of 10,000 JZm 2 or more was required.
- the radiation dose at the time of photo-alignment method is 3, OOO JZm 2 hereinafter further 1, 000 J Zm 2 also shall apply to impart good liquid crystal orientation that below This contributes to reducing the manufacturing cost of liquid crystal display elements.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus formed has an advantage that the response speed of the liquid crystal is faster than that of a conventionally known liquid crystal alignment film when it is used for, for example, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element.
- a conventionally known liquid crystal alignment film when it is used for, for example, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal alignment film formed from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is prepared on a pair of (two) substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above, on the outer surfaces on both sides of a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystals are arranged in a gap between them. It can manufacture by arrange
- the following two methods can be used to manufacture the liquid crystal cell.
- the first method is a conventionally known method. First, two substrates are placed opposite to each other with a gap (cell gap) so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealant, and the substrate surface and the sealant A liquid crystal cell can be manufactured by injecting and filling the liquid crystal into the cell gap defined by the above, and then sealing the injection hole.
- the second method is a method called ⁇ DF (One r op Fill) method.
- ⁇ DF One r op Fill
- an ultraviolet light curable sealant is applied to a predetermined location on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface.
- a liquid crystal cell can be manufactured by bonding the other substrate so that the films face each other, and then irradiating the entire surface of the substrate with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- the liquid crystal cell produced as described above is further used for the liquid crystal used: ⁇ heated to a temperature that takes an isotropic phase, and then slowly cooled to room temperature. It is desirable to remove the flow orientation.
- liquid crystal display element of this invention can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate on the outer surface of a liquid crystal cell.
- sealant for example, an epoxy resin containing a hardener and aluminum oxide spheres as a spacer can be used.
- a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal or the like can be used, and among these, a nematic liquid crystal is preferable.
- nematic liquid crystal power having negative dielectric anisotropy S is preferable, for example, dicyanobenzene liquid crystal, pyridazine liquid crystal, Schiff base liquid crystal, azoxy liquid crystal, biphenyl liquid crystal, phenyl cyclohexane. Power S such as hexane liquid crystal is used.
- a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is preferable.
- a biphenyl liquid crystal for example, a biphenyl liquid crystal, a phenylcyclohexane liquid crystal, an ester liquid crystal, a tanphenyl liquid crystal.
- Liquid crystal, bicyclocyclohexane liquid crystal, pyrimidine liquid crystal, dioxane liquid crystal, bicyclooctane liquid crystal, and cubane liquid crystal are used.
- liquid crystals include, for example, cholesteric liquid crystals such as cholestyl chloride, cholesteryl nonate, and cholesteryl strength; chiral products such as those sold under the trade names C-1 15 and CB-15 (manufactured by Merck); p— Ferroelectric liquid crystals such as decyloxybenzylidene p-amino-2-methylbutylcinnamate may be further added and used.
- a polarizing film As a polarizing plate to be bonded to the outer surface of a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing film called an “H film” that absorbs iodine while stretching and aligning polyvinyl alcohol is used in an acetic acid cell. Examples thereof include a polarizing plate sandwiched between loin protective films or a polarizing plate made of the H film itself.
- the compound (A-1—2-1) was synthesized according to the above.
- a 1 L eggplant-shaped flask was charged with 82 g of p-hydroxycinnamic acid, 304 g of potassium carbonate, and 40 O mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Pentane 16 6 g was added and stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. To this, 48 g of sodium hydroxide and 40 O mL of water were added and refluxed for 3 hours to conduct a hydrolysis reaction. After the reaction, By neutralizing with acid, collecting the resulting precipitate and recrystallizing with ethanol,
- a 1-liter eggplant-shaped flask was charged with 82 g of methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 166 g of potassium carbonate, and 40 OmL of N, N-dimethylacetamide. After stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, 1, 1, 1 trifluoro The reaction was carried out with stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, reprecipitation was performed with water. Next, 32 g of sodium hydroxide and 40 OmL of water were added to the precipitate and refluxed for 4 hours to conduct a hydrolysis reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was neutralized with hydrochloric acid, and the resulting precipitate was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 80 g of white crystals of the compound (A-1-4-2A).
- compound (A—4 1 1 1 1) was synthesized.
- decyl succinic anhydride 72 g 4-aminocinnamic acid 49 g
- triedylamine 70 mL was charged and the reaction was carried out under reflux for 36 hours.
- a 2 L three-necked flask equipped with a reflux tube, a Dean-Stark tube, and a nitrogen introduction tube was charged with 90 g of 5-hydroxyphthalic acid and 50 OmL of jetylbenzene and refluxed for 1 hour. Subsequently, 80 g of 4-aminocinnamic acid and 50 OmL of tetrahydrofuran were added thereto, and the reaction was performed under reflux for 12 hours.
- the compound (A-7-1-1-1) was synthesized according to the above.
- Example 2 1 A> -3-26 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B— 21
- Example 22 A-3-1 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B -22
- Example 23 A-3-2 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-23
- Example 24 A-3-3 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-24
- Example 25 A -3-4 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-25
- Example 26 A-3-5 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-26
- Example 27 A-3-6 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B- 27
- Example 28 A-3-7 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-28
- Example 29 A-3-36 0. 1 X-2-4 0.1 B-29
- Example 30 A-3-12 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B— 30
- Example 3 1 0. 1 X-2-4 0.
- Example 32 A-3-14 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-32
- Example 33 A-3-1 5 0. 1 X -2-4 0. 1 B-33
- Example 34 A-3-16 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-34
- Example 3 5 A- 3-17 0. 1 X-2-4 0 1 B-3 5
- Example 36 A-3-1 8 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-36
- Example 37 A-2-14_1 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B- 37
- Example 38 A-2-14-2 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-38
- Example 39 Al-29-1 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-3 9
- Example 40 A-1-29-2 0. 1 X-2-4 0. 1 B-40
- Table 2 the abbreviations of Compound A—OH and Compound X— (Ep) 4 have the following meanings, respectively.
- A-1 1 2 1 1 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 1 above (A-1 1 2-1)
- A— 1 -4 1 2 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 4 above (A ⁇ 1 -4-2)
- A-6 1 1 1 1 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 7 above (A-6 1 1-1)
- A-3 1 2 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 11 (A-3-2)
- A-3-3 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 12 (A-3-3)
- A-3-4 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 13 above (A-3-3-4)
- A-3-5 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 14 (A-3-5)
- A-3-16 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 15 (A-3-6)
- A-3 1-7 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 16 above (A-3-7)
- A—3 1 1 4 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 20 above (A 1 3 1 14)
- A- 3 1 1 6 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 22 above (A —3 -16)
- A- 3 1 1 8 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 24 above (A —3 1 18)
- A—2 1 14 1 1 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 25 above (A— 2--14- 1)
- A— 1 -29- 1 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 27 above (A— 1--29- 1)
- A— 1 -29-2 Compound obtained in Synthesis Example 28 (A— 1--29-2)
- X-1 1 1 Compound represented by the above formula (X--1 -1)
- X-2 1 Compound represented by the above formula (X--2 1)
- 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride 19.6 g (0.1 mol) as tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2'-dimethyl-1,4,4-diamino as diamine Dissolves 21.2 g (0.1 mol) of biphenyl in 367 g of N-methyl-2-monopyrrolidone and reacts at 40 ° C for 3 hours to contain 10% by weight of polyamic acid (PA-1) 407 g of a solution was obtained. The solution viscosity of this polyamic acid solution was 17 OmPa ⁇ s. Synthesis example 30
- 2,3,5-tri-stroxyloxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride 22.4 g (0.1 mol) as tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 9.73 g (0.09 mol) paraphenylene diamine as diamine and the above formula Diamine represented by the compound represented by (D-10) 5.23 g (0.01 mol) was dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 336.2 g and reacted at 60 ° C for 4 hours. To obtain a solution containing 10% by weight of polyamic acid. The solution viscosity of this polyamic acid solution was 126 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solution containing the polyamic acid (PA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 30 was taken in an amount corresponding to 17.5 g in terms of polyamic acid (PA-2), and N-methyl-2- Pyrrolidone 232.5 g, pyridine 3.8 g and acetic anhydride 4.9 g were added and dehydration ring closure was performed at 110 ° C. for 4 hours. After the dehydration and ring closure reaction, the solvent in the system was replaced with new N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, so that a solution containing about 14.8 wt% of polyimide (PI-2) with an imidization ratio of about 50% was obtained. 81 g was obtained. Take a small amount of this polyimide solution and add N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to recycle. The solution viscosity measured as a solution with a coalescence concentration of 10% by weight was 69 mPa ⁇ s.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (S-2) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 41, except that (A) polymer and (B) compound were used in the amounts shown in Table 3 in the amounts shown in the same table. ) To (S-49) were prepared.
- the (A) polymer and the (B) compound are used for the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent as the solutions obtained in the above synthesis examples or the above examples, respectively, and the amounts in Table 3 are included in each solution (A) It is a value converted into the amount of the polymer or (B) compound.
- PA-2 100 B— 9 50 S-9 Example 50 PA-1 100 50 S-10
- PA-1 100 B— 1 1 50 S— 11 Example 52
- PA— 1 100 B-12 50 S—12 Example 53
- PA-1 100 B—13 50 S-13 Example 54
- PA-1 100 B-14 50 S-14 Example 55
- PA-2 100 B-15 50 S-15 Size Example 56
- PA-2 100 B—16 50 S-16 Example 57 PI—1 100 B—10 50 S-17
- Example 59 PI—1 100 B-12 50 S- 19 Example 60 PI— 1 100 B— 13 50 S-20
- Example 61 PI-1 100 B— 14 50 S-21 Example 62 PI-1 100 B- 14 25 S-22
- Example 63 PI- 2 100 B— 15 50 S-23 Example 64 PI -2 100 B-16 50 Table 3 (continued)
- VA liquid crystal display device was produced as follows, and the liquid crystal alignment property and voltage holding ratio were evaluated. ⁇ Manufacture of VA liquid crystal display elements>
- the liquid crystal aligning agent S-1 prepared above was applied onto the transparent electrode surface of the glass substrate with a transparent electrode made of ITO film using a spinner, and prebaked for 1 minute on a hot plate at 80 ° C. After that, post-baking was performed at 200 ° C. for 1 hour in an oven substituted with nitrogen to form a coating film having a thickness of 0.1 m. Using a H g— X e lamp and a Grand Taylor prism on the surface of this coating film, polarized ultraviolet rays containing a 3 13 nm emission line were converted to 1, 0 0 from a direction inclined by 40 ° from the normal line of the coating film. Irradiated with 0 J / m 2 to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film.
- This operation was repeated to obtain a pair (two) of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film on the transparent electrode surface.
- the projection direction of the optical axis of the ultraviolet line onto the substrate surface is reversed.
- the substrates were stacked and pressure-bonded so as to be parallel, and heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to thermally cure the adhesive.
- the liquid crystal injection port was sealed with an epoxy adhesive. Further, in order to remove the flow alignment during liquid crystal injection, this was heated at 150 ° C. and then gradually cooled to room temperature.
- polarizing plates are attached to both outer surfaces of the substrate so that the polarization directions thereof are orthogonal to each other and form an angle of 45 ° with the projection direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal alignment film onto the substrate surface.
- a VA liquid crystal display element was manufactured.
- the VA liquid crystal display device manufactured above was observed with an optical microscope for the presence of abnormal domains when a DC voltage of 5 V was turned on / off (applied / released).
- the liquid crystal display element was not observed to have an abnormal domain, and the liquid crystal orientation was “good”.
- the voltage holding ratio after application of VA type liquid crystal display device manufactured above is 167 milliseconds after application of 5 V voltage at 60 ° C for 60 microseconds and 167 milliseconds span.
- VHR-1 manufactured by Toyo Tecini Co., Ltd. was used.
- Example 115 Same as Example 90, except that the liquid crystal aligning agents shown in Table 4 were used, and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays in the production of the liquid crystal display element was as shown in Table 4. Thus, a VA liquid crystal display element was manufactured, and liquid crystal orientation and voltage holding ratio were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 115 the liquid crystal aligning agents shown in Table 4 were used, and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays in the production of the liquid crystal display element was as shown in Table 4. Thus, a VA liquid crystal display element was manufactured, and liquid crystal orientation and voltage holding ratio were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. Example 115
- a TN type liquid crystal display device was manufactured as follows, and the liquid crystal alignment property and the voltage holding ratio were evaluated.
- An epoxy resin adhesive containing 5.5 mm diameter aluminum oxide spheres was applied by screen printing to the periphery of the surface of each pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed. Then, the substrates were stacked and pressure-bonded so that the adhesive was heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to thermally cure the adhesive. Next, a positive nematic liquid crystal (Merck, ML C-6 2 2 1, containing a chiral agent) is injected into the gap between the substrates through the liquid crystal injection port, and then filled with an epoxy adhesive. Sealed. Further, in order to remove the flow alignment at the time of liquid crystal injection, this was heated at 15 ° C. for 10 minutes and then gradually cooled to room temperature.
- a positive nematic liquid crystal Merck, ML C-6 2 2 1, containing a chiral agent
- a TN-type liquid crystal display element is manufactured by laminating polarizing plates on both outer surfaces of the substrate so that the polarization directions thereof are orthogonal to each other and parallel to the polarization direction of the liquid crystal alignment film. did. Evaluation of liquid crystal alignment>
- the TN type liquid crystal display device manufactured above was observed with an optical microscope for the presence of an abnormal domain when a DC voltage of 5 V was turned on and off (applied / released).
- the liquid crystal orientation was “good” without any observation.
- the voltage holding ratio after 7 milliseconds was measured.
- Toyo Tech Niki Co., Ltd. As a measuring device, Toyo Tech Niki Co., Ltd.
- VHR—1 was used.
- Liquid crystal alignment agent Display Liquid crystal Voltage Irradiation amount
- Example 90 S-1 1,000 VA Good Good Example 1 S—2 1,000 VA Good Good Example 92 S-3 1,000 VA Good Good Example 93 S-4 1, 000 VA Good Good Example 94 S-5 1,000 VA Good Good Example 95 S— 6 1,000 VA Good Good Example 96 S-7 1,000 VA Good Good Example 97 S— 8 1, 000 VA Good Good Example 98 S—9 1,000 VA Good Good Example 99 S—10 1,000 VA Good Good Example 100 S-11 1,000 VA Good Good Example 101 S—12 1,000 VA Good Good Example 102 S—13 1,000 VA Good Good Example 103 S- 1 1,000 VA Good Good Example 104 S—15 1,000 VA Good Good Example 105 S—16 1,000 VA Good Good Example 106 S-17 1,000 VA Good Good Example 107 S— 18 1,000 VA Good Good Example 108 S—19 1,000 VA Good Good Example 109 S-20 1,000 VA Good Good Example 110 S -21 1,000 VA Good Good Example 111 S-22 1,000 VA Good Good Example 112 S- 23 1,000 VA Good Good Example 113 S-24 1,000 VA Good Good Example 114 S- 25 1,000 VA Good Good Table 4 (continued)
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is better at a lower radiation dose than those conventionally known as liquid crystal aligning agents applicable to the photo-alignment method, as specifically shown in the above examples.
- a liquid crystal alignment film exhibiting excellent liquid crystal alignment properties and high voltage holding ratio can be formed. Therefore, when this liquid crystal alignment film is applied to a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal display element excellent in display quality can be manufactured at a lower cost than before.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprising a liquid crystal alignment film formed from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has good display quality. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be effectively applied to various devices, and can be suitably used for devices such as desk calculators, watches, table clocks, coefficient display boards, word processors, personal computers, or liquid crystal televisions. .
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020107002300A KR101143129B1 (ko) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-31 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 그의 형성 방법 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| CN2008800238690A CN101730862B (zh) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-31 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及其形成方法以及液晶显示元件 |
| JP2009525469A JP5170468B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-31 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびその形成方法ならびに液晶表示素子 |
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| JP2007-201881 | 2007-08-02 | ||
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| WO2009017252A1 true WO2009017252A1 (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
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| PCT/JP2008/064166 Ceased WO2009017252A1 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-31 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびその形成方法ならびに液晶表示素子 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5170468B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101143129B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101730862B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI482799B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009017252A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102041007A (zh) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶显示元件和聚有机硅氧烷化合物 |
| TWI448489B (zh) * | 2009-02-12 | 2014-08-11 | Jsr Corp | 感放射線性聚有機矽氧烷、感放射線性聚有機矽氧烷之製法及液晶配向劑 |
| US20180095308A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2018-04-05 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Alignment Agent, Manufacturing Method of Alignment Film, Display Panel and Display Device |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5483005B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2014-05-07 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤および液晶表示素子 |
| KR20130001144A (ko) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-01-03 | (주)켐넥스 | 광활성 가교제 화합물, 이의 제조방법, 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| JP6048117B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2016-12-21 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
| CN102786488A (zh) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-11-21 | 天津信汇制药股份有限公司 | 用于合成米卡芬净及其衍生物的中间体的制备方法 |
| TWI487742B (zh) | 2012-09-10 | 2015-06-11 | Lg Chemical Ltd | 用於光配向層之組成物及光配向層 |
| KR102069288B1 (ko) | 2013-08-28 | 2020-01-23 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 배향제 및 액정 표시 장치 |
| CN104020609A (zh) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种液晶涂布方法和显示面板制作方法 |
| TWI560241B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-12-01 | Chi Mei Corp | Liquid crystal alignment agent, liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal display element |
| TWI560242B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-12-01 | Chi Mei Corp | Liquid crystal alignment agent, liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal display element |
| JP6701661B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2020-05-27 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶素子の製造方法、液晶配向膜及び液晶素子 |
| JP7039166B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2022-03-22 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物の製造方法、及び硬化物 |
| JP7319599B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2023-08-02 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び位相差材 |
| CN110526923A (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-03 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种侧链修饰的卟啉分子及其应用 |
| CN113861416A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | 液晶配向剂、液晶显示面板及其制备方法 |
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| JPS61275325A (ja) * | 1985-05-31 | 1986-12-05 | Toshiba Corp | 電子素子封止用樹脂組成物 |
| WO2003100510A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Agent d'alignement des cristaux liquides, pellicules d'alignement des cristaux liquides et ecrans a cristaux liquides |
| JP2006171304A (ja) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Jsr Corp | 液晶の配向剤、配向膜および表示素子ならびに光学部材 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2001290155A (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-19 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 液晶配向膜の形成方法 |
| US7074344B2 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2006-07-11 | Jsr Corporation | Liquid crystal aligning agent and liquid crystal display element |
| JP4653421B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2011-03-16 | 株式会社 日立ディスプレイズ | 液晶表示装置 |
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2008
- 2008-07-31 JP JP2009525469A patent/JP5170468B2/ja active Active
- 2008-07-31 CN CN2008800238690A patent/CN101730862B/zh active Active
- 2008-07-31 KR KR1020107002300A patent/KR101143129B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-31 WO PCT/JP2008/064166 patent/WO2009017252A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-01 TW TW097129403A patent/TWI482799B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61275325A (ja) * | 1985-05-31 | 1986-12-05 | Toshiba Corp | 電子素子封止用樹脂組成物 |
| WO2003100510A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Agent d'alignement des cristaux liquides, pellicules d'alignement des cristaux liquides et ecrans a cristaux liquides |
| JP2006171304A (ja) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Jsr Corp | 液晶の配向剤、配向膜および表示素子ならびに光学部材 |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI448489B (zh) * | 2009-02-12 | 2014-08-11 | Jsr Corp | 感放射線性聚有機矽氧烷、感放射線性聚有機矽氧烷之製法及液晶配向劑 |
| CN102041007A (zh) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶显示元件和聚有机硅氧烷化合物 |
| CN102041007B (zh) * | 2009-10-14 | 2014-03-19 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶显示元件和聚有机硅氧烷化合物 |
| US20180095308A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2018-04-05 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Alignment Agent, Manufacturing Method of Alignment Film, Display Panel and Display Device |
| US10663801B2 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2020-05-26 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Alignment agent, manufacturing method of alignment film, display panel and display device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2009017252A1 (ja) | 2010-10-28 |
| KR20100029144A (ko) | 2010-03-15 |
| CN101730862A (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
| JP5170468B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
| KR101143129B1 (ko) | 2012-05-08 |
| TW200911884A (en) | 2009-03-16 |
| TWI482799B (zh) | 2015-05-01 |
| CN101730862B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
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