WO2008116674A2 - Schaltungsanordnung zur erkennung von netznulldurchgängen - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung zur erkennung von netznulldurchgängen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008116674A2 WO2008116674A2 PCT/EP2008/050687 EP2008050687W WO2008116674A2 WO 2008116674 A2 WO2008116674 A2 WO 2008116674A2 EP 2008050687 W EP2008050687 W EP 2008050687W WO 2008116674 A2 WO2008116674 A2 WO 2008116674A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current
- mains voltage
- circuit arrangement
- voltage
- zero
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/083—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for detecting zero-line crossings of a mains voltage of an alternating voltage network, wherein a measuring current caused by the mains voltage is fed to a zero-crossing detector for forming a zero-crossing signal.
- Circuit arrangements for detecting line zero crossings of a mains voltage of an AC voltage network are used wherever a signal synchronous with the AC voltage is required.
- a field of application is the in-phase control of power units of an inverter or inverter as a function of the mains zero crossings of the mains voltage.
- an inverter or inverter for example, the provision of electrical energy in the form of an alternating current, which is suitable for feeding into an alternating voltage network.
- alternating current which is suitable for feeding into an alternating voltage network.
- alternative power sources may be solar panels, fuel cells, wind power generators or other power sources such as batteries.
- inverter circuits with different applications is known.
- Different basic types of electronic converters are used, such as step-up converters, step-down dividers or high-step dividers for generating a half-wave current combined with full or half bridges for inverting every second Half-wave with the result of a single- or multi-phase alternating current.
- An essential criterion for a grid-synchronous infeed is the exact recognition of the zero-crossing points for in-phase control of the power sections.
- the mains zero crossings in the mains voltage define for the inverter control the times for switching from a positive to a negative half cycle and vice versa.
- the in-phase control of the power sections of an inverter is also essential for device safety.
- a faulty switching from a positive to a negative half-wave or vice versa leads without corresponding safeguards to a network short circuit in the power section of the inverter, which can result in damage or destruction of the power components.
- a known circuit for detecting zero crossings consists of a voltage divider and a comparator or operational amplifier (see Fig. 1 and 2).
- a comparator or operational amplifier is at the output of the comparator or operational amplifier to a square wave signal, for example, whose low value indicates a negative half-wave and its high value indicates a positive half-wave of the mains voltage.
- the signal value changes with each zero crossing of the mains voltage.
- the resistors of the voltage divider are high impedance to keep the power loss low. Due to the high-impedance inputs of the comparator or operational amplifier, such circuits are susceptible to error detections of the line zero crossings. Triggers for such errors can be electromagnetic interference or interference in the network. It may happen that at the input of the comparator or operational amplifier, a current value is applied, the sign of which does not correspond to the current desired phase position of the mains voltage, whereby a false network zero crossing is registered.
- the invention has for its object to provide a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned above, which allows trouble-free detection of the network zero crossings.
- this object is achieved by a circuit arrangement for detecting line zero crossings of a mains voltage of an alternating voltage network, wherein a measuring current caused by the mains voltage is fed to a zero-crossing detector to form a
- Net zero crossing signal is supplied and wherein between the conductor and neutral of the alternating voltage network, a current sink is arranged, by means of which the profile of the current value of the measuring voltage caused by the mains voltage is fixed.
- the use of the current sink ensures that the magnitude of the measured current value, even at low mains voltage values in the zero-crossing range, is large enough to maintain the in-phase sign of the measuring current in the event of disturbances affecting the measuring current. If, for example, an electromagnetic disturbance at the input of the zero-crossing detector causes a lowering of the measured current value during a positive half-wave, it still remains positive and there is no faulty detection of a zero crossing.
- the arrangement according to the invention therefore provides a sufficiently high measuring current in the critical region near the line zero crossings of the mains voltage so as to be able to reliably detect the zero crossings uninfluenced by acting disturbances.
- a corresponding corresponding current On the other hand, but also by a corresponding
- the current sink is designed as a variable current sink to the
- the course of the current value effected by the variable current sink is indirectly proportional to the course of the mains voltage.
- the signal for controlling the current sink and thus determining the course of the measured current value can then be derived directly from the course of the mains voltage.
- the current sink is arranged in series with a resistor, and a zero-crossing detector designed as a comparator or operational amplifier is arranged parallel to the resistor.
- a zero-crossing detector designed as a comparator or operational amplifier is arranged parallel to the resistor.
- This arrangement can be realized with simple components and provides at the output of the zero crossing detector a square wave signal whose high value indicates a positive half wave of the mains voltage and whose low value indicates a negative half wave of the mains voltage. It is advantageous if the output of the comparator or the operational amplifier is connected to an element for galvanic isolation, for example an optocoupler.
- the current sink is in another circuit arrangement.
- a galvanic isolation element e.g. an optocoupler arranged.
- an inverted rectangular signal is applied to the output of the optocoupler. Accordingly, the low value indicates a positive half-wave and the high value indicates a negative half-wave of the mains voltage.
- This arrangement provides with a few components a galvanically isolated net zero crossing signal.
- the current sink itself is designed as a unidirectional or as a bidirectional current sink, depending on which zero-crossing signal is desired.
- the measuring current remains unequal to zero as long as the mains voltage is greater than zero or, for the embodiment with an optocoupler arranged in series with the current sink, the mains voltage is greater than the forward voltage of the optocoupler diode.
- the invention relates to an inverter, the power unit depending on the network zero crossings of a mains voltage of
- AC voltage network is controlled.
- an inverter for feeding electrical energy is provided in an AC voltage network, in which the zero crossings of the mains voltage are detected by means of a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
- inverters for connecting alternative power sources to an AC network it is important to achieve high efficiency in order to ensure the profitability of alternative power generation. Therefore, in power parts such inverters particularly low-loss components are used. Such components are very sensitive to faulty phase switching and resulting network short circuits. It is therefore important that the network zero crossings are reliably detected.
- FIG. 3 embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention with comparator
- FIG. 4 embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention with optocoupler
- FIG. 7 Control of a voltage-controlled or current-controlled bidirectional current sink.
- Fig. 9 waveforms when using a bidirectional current sink
- FIG. 1 shows a simple circuit arrangement for the detection of net zero crossings according to the prior art.
- two resistors Rl and R2 form a voltage divider between conductor L and neutral N of an AC voltage network.
- Starting from the conductor L is the Mains voltage U NE ⁇ z degraded via the first resistor Rl and the second resistor R2, wherein a measuring current i flows through the resistors Rl, R2.
- Parallel to the second resistor R2, a comparator or operational amplifier is connected as a zero-crossing detector, at the output of the zero-crossing signal is applied as a square wave signal.
- the high value corresponds to a positive half wave of the mains voltage U NETZ and the low value of a negative half wave of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z •
- the inputs of the comparator or operational amplifier can be protected by protective diodes.
- the two resistors R1, R2 are typically of high resistance (e.g., 200k ⁇ to 300k ⁇ for the first resistor R1 and 2k ⁇ to 5k ⁇ for the second resistor R2). With a 230V alternating voltage network, this results in a maximum total power loss of 0.26W (without consideration of the protective diodes).
- FIG. 2 again shows a circuit according to the prior art with a voltage divider and a comparator or operational amplifier, wherein the output of the comparator or operational amplifier is provided with an optocoupler OPTO for galvanic isolation. Since the
- Optocoupler OPTO causes an inversion of the signal, the inputs of the comparator or operational amplifier are reversed, so that as the zero crossing signal at the output of the optocoupler OPTO the same signal as at the output of the comparator or operational amplifier in Figure 1 is applied.
- the circuits according to the prior art shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are very sensitive to disturbances when the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z approaches a zero crossing and thus the measuring current i in the voltage divider becomes very small. It then suffice, for example, low electromagnetic interference that radiate on the high-impedance input connections of the comparator or operational amplifier in order to bring about a faulty evaluation of the comparator or operational amplifier. Likewise, minor disturbances in the network can even lead to an error in the zero-crossing detection, since due to the low measurement current i already low power disturbances can lead to a change of sign at the input of the comparator or operational amplifier.
- FIG. 3 An inventive circuit arrangement, shown in Figure 3, does not have these disadvantages.
- This circuit differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that instead of the first resistor Rl a current sink 1, i. an electronic load with controlled current or voltage is provided.
- the current sink 1 is set in the simplest case so that at a mains voltage U NE ⁇ z not equal to zero, a constant measuring current i R flows.
- the current sink 1 can be designed as a unidirectional or as a bidirectional current sink.
- a constant measuring current i R flows only with a positive (or only with a negative) half-wave of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z.
- the beginning or the end of a zero-value phase of the measuring current i R indicates, in the case of a unidirectional current sink 1, the instant of a zero crossing of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z.
- a current sink 1 is connected in series with a diode D and an optocoupler OPTO as a zero crossing detector between the conductor L and the neutral conductor N of an AC voltage network.
- an inverted zero crossing signal is present at the output of the opto-coupler OPTO which is galvanically isolated from the input
- Rectangle shape The high value indicates a negative half wave and the low value indicates a positive half wave of the mains voltage U NETZ .
- a series circuit comprising a current transformer Ia, Ib and an optocoupler OPTO1, 0PT02 is used to detect the negative half-wave and to detect the positive half-waves of the network voltage U NE ⁇ z.
- a positive measuring current i FP flows through a first optocoupler OPTO1 and a first current sink Ia.
- a negative measuring current i FN flows through a second current sink Ib and a second optocoupler 0PT02.
- the output signals of the two optocouplers OPTO1, 0PT02 are supplied to a logic circuit 4, in which the two signals are processed, for example, to form an averaged zero-crossing signal.
- the advantage of a circuit arrangement according to the invention lies in the high amplification of the measured current i R or i F in the region of the line zero crossings of the mains voltage U NETZ • Due to the high measuring current i R or i F in the current sink up to the immediate vicinity of a line zero crossing and the abrupt one Switching off the measuring current i R or i F when changing the polarity of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z a much clearer zero crossing signal can be obtained than is possible with a voltage divider according to the prior art.
- the network zero crossing detection becomes increasingly safer with respect to network disturbances as the measuring current i R or i F increases. However, it should be noted that with increasing current through the current sink 1 and the power loss in the current sink 1 is greater.
- the measurement current i R or i F be set variably in such a way that it is high in the region of the zero line crossings and low in the region of the peak values of the network voltage U NE ⁇ z.
- a corresponding example of a unidirectional current sink is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- FIG. 6 shows, in a simplified manner, the signal processing in the individual elements of a device according to the invention
- the voltage or current controlled current sink 11 is in series with a zero crossing detector 31 connected between the conductor L and the neutral conductor N of an alternating voltage network.
- the mains voltage U NETZ is fed to a control unit 21 of the current sink.
- the measuring current i is preset by the current sink 11 as a product of the current sink voltage U s with a constant factor K.
- the time t is plotted on the abscissa.
- the first diagram shows the profile of the mains voltage U NET z over the time t, wherein a unidirectional current source with forward direction is assumed at positive half-waves of the mains voltage U NET z.
- the second diagram shows a curve a for the measuring current i over the time t, whereby this curve a is based on a linear function of the measuring current i over the mains voltage U NET z.
- the third diagram shows a curve b with a linear function of the measuring current i over the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z and a lower limiting value i M m of the measuring current i.
- a course b allows a steeper drop of the over the preceding course a
- the power loss for example, in a 230V AC mains 0.39W, if the maximum value i Ma ⁇ the measured voltage 6mA and minamal i m in the measured voltage 3mA are specified and the minimum value i M in at a mains voltage value of 100V is reached.
- the power dissipation is in the range of the example given above for a prior art circuit, whereas the measurement current i near the mains zero crossings reaches 1200 times the value (6mA / 5 ⁇ A) of the prior art sense current.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 The signal processing and the waveform for a bidirectional current sink are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the voltage or current controlled current sink 12 is connected in series with a zero crossing detector 32 between conductor L and neutral N of an alternating voltage network.
- the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z is supplied to a control device 22 of the current sink 12.
- a current sink voltage U s is formed as a function of the reciprocal of the mains voltage U NET z, wherein here, unlike a unidirectional current sink for both polarities of the mains voltage U NET Z is given a function.
- FIG. 8 shows linear functions with limitation of the current sink voltage U s for both the negative and the positive mains voltage values.
- the current sink voltage U s is the current sink 12 is supplied, which is predetermined by multiplication of the same by a factor K, the course of the measuring current i through the current sink 12.
- FIG. 9 again shows three different examples of a measuring current profile a, b, c over the time t, indirectly proportional to the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z.
- one of the respective function f (1 / UNETZ) corresponding course a, b, c for both the positive and for the negative half-wave of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z indicated.
- the first curve a corresponds to a linear function of the measuring current i over the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z with a predetermined maximum value i Ma ⁇ and a minimum value i M m.
- the second curve b is also based on a linear function, but for the positive half-wave of the mains voltage U NE ⁇ z a positive value with minimum amount i M in and for the negative half-wave of the mains voltage U NET z a negative value with
- the third exemplary curve c of the measured current i over the time t is based on a nonlinear function of the measuring current i from the mains voltage U NET z.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08708059A EP2140542A2 (de) | 2007-03-28 | 2008-01-22 | Schaltungsanordnung zur erkennung von netznulldurchgängen |
CN2008800103180A CN101647180B (zh) | 2007-03-28 | 2008-01-22 | 识别网络过零的电路装置 |
US12/593,338 US8115517B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2008-01-22 | Circuit arrangement for identifying network zero crossings |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0048307A AT504797B1 (de) | 2007-03-28 | 2007-03-28 | Schaltungsanordnung zur erkennung von netznulldurchgängen |
ATA483/2007 | 2007-03-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008116674A2 true WO2008116674A2 (de) | 2008-10-02 |
WO2008116674A3 WO2008116674A3 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2008116674A8 WO2008116674A8 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
Family
ID=39684271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/050687 WO2008116674A2 (de) | 2007-03-28 | 2008-01-22 | Schaltungsanordnung zur erkennung von netznulldurchgängen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8115517B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2140542A2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20090123981A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101647180B (de) |
AT (1) | AT504797B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2447570C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008116674A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102243263B (zh) * | 2011-04-08 | 2015-05-13 | 苏州路之遥科技股份有限公司 | 一种交流电流值检测及电流过零点检测电路 |
WO2016016797A2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-04 | Hau King Kuen | Phase cut dimming control and protection |
CN107525961A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-29 | 南京理工大学 | 交流信号过零点检测装置 |
US11733275B2 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2023-08-22 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Zero-crossing detection circuit |
CN114660351A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2022-06-24 | 罗姆股份有限公司 | 过零检测电路 |
CN108281971A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳市力高科技有限公司 | 一种用于无功补偿装置投切开关的电压过零检测电路 |
CN109459607B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2024-03-12 | 上海良治电器技术有限公司 | 一种隔离式精准过零检测电路 |
RU187861U1 (ru) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарёва" | Детектор перехода тока через ноль |
CN109917177B (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-02-02 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司宿迁供电分公司 | 一种抗干扰的过零检测电路及检测方法 |
CN110231512B (zh) * | 2019-07-04 | 2024-06-14 | 深圳曼顿科技有限公司 | 单火线电能计量装置 |
CN114113759A (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-01 | 杭州联芯通半导体有限公司 | 一种过零检测电路 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0956076A (ja) * | 1995-08-09 | 1997-02-25 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 太陽光発電装置 |
DE19710161A1 (de) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-24 | Ascom Frako Gmbh | Schaltung zur stufenlosen direkten oder indirekten Variation des durch einen von einer Netz-Gleich- oder Wechselspannung oder einer beliebigen Kombination derselben betriebenen Verbraucher fließenden Gleich- und/oder Wechselstroms |
GB2434455A (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Sensing an operating state of an electrical component |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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SU658675A1 (ru) | 1977-03-05 | 1979-04-25 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4884 | Синхронизирующее устройство |
CA1214536A (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1986-11-25 | Her Majesty The Queen, In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Ministe R Of The National Research Council Of Canada | Railway switch control system |
JPH03194474A (ja) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-08-26 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | しきい値検出回路 |
US5166549A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1992-11-24 | General Electric Company | Zero-voltage crossing detector for soft-switching devices |
US5198771A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-03-30 | Transducer Research, Inc. | Potentiostatic apparatus and methods |
TW336271B (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1998-07-11 | Sanyo Electric Co | Solar generator and an air conditioner with such a solar generator |
JPH10145200A (ja) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-29 | Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk | ゼロクロス検出装置 |
US6756771B1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-06-29 | Semiconductor Components Industries, L.L.C. | Power factor correction method with zero crossing detection and adjustable stored reference voltage |
DE102005030634A1 (de) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-04 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Schaltungsanordnung zur Ermittlung von Nulldurchgängen einer Wechselspannung |
GB2438465B (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2008-05-21 | Cambridge Semiconductor Ltd | Switch mode power supply controllers |
-
2007
- 2007-03-28 AT AT0048307A patent/AT504797B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-01-22 US US12/593,338 patent/US8115517B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-22 KR KR1020097022562A patent/KR20090123981A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-22 WO PCT/EP2008/050687 patent/WO2008116674A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-01-22 RU RU2009139765/07A patent/RU2447570C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-22 EP EP08708059A patent/EP2140542A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-22 CN CN2008800103180A patent/CN101647180B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0956076A (ja) * | 1995-08-09 | 1997-02-25 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 太陽光発電装置 |
DE19710161A1 (de) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-24 | Ascom Frako Gmbh | Schaltung zur stufenlosen direkten oder indirekten Variation des durch einen von einer Netz-Gleich- oder Wechselspannung oder einer beliebigen Kombination derselben betriebenen Verbraucher fließenden Gleich- und/oder Wechselstroms |
GB2434455A (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Sensing an operating state of an electrical component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008116674A3 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
US8115517B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
EP2140542A2 (de) | 2010-01-06 |
CN101647180A (zh) | 2010-02-10 |
CN101647180B (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
AT504797B1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
AT504797A4 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
WO2008116674A8 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
RU2447570C2 (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
KR20090123981A (ko) | 2009-12-02 |
US20100109709A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
RU2009139765A (ru) | 2011-05-10 |
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