Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
  • H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L21/18 - H01L21/326 or H10D48/04 - H10D48/07 e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
  • H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
  • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
  • G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
  • G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
  • G03F7/427—Stripping or agents therefor using plasma means only
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
  • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
  • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
  • H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
  • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
  • H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
  • H01J37/32798—Further details of plasma apparatus not provided for in groups H01J37/3244 - H01J37/32788; special provisions for cleaning or maintenance of the apparatus
  • H01J37/32816—Pressure
  • H01J37/32825—Working under atmospheric pressure or higher
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
  • H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
  • H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
  • H01L21/67126—Apparatus for sealing, encapsulating, glassing, decapsulating or the like
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
  • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
  • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of exposing an integrated circuit by ablation of a polymer casing initially covering the integrated circuit.
• the integrated circuits are etched in a silicon block provided with lateral connections made in particular of copper allowing the connection of the internal circuit to a printed circuit carrying other electronic components.
• the integrated circuit is encapsulated in a polymer jacket now rigidly connecting tabs allowing the manipulation of the circuit and ensuring its protection.
• a polymer jacket now rigidly connecting tabs allowing the manipulation of the circuit and ensuring its protection.
• This process is implemented in a specific installation to precisely control the application of the laser. Indeed, an excessive application to the laser beam leads to an attack of silicon and a deterioration of the circuit.
• the laser is applied moderately but islands of polymer remain in place on the circuit, which affects the subsequent observation of the integrated circuit.
• a plasma to attack the polymer envelope to the right of the integrated circuit. This attack takes place in a suitable sealed enclosure in which the circuit is arranged. This enclosure makes it possible to establish a plasma above the circuit.
• US 4 689 467 discloses a cutting device of a workpiece made of a single material.
• the device comprises a laser and a plasma gun.
• this laser has a power too high to be used in microelectronics.
• the plasma gun is primarily an auxiliary energy generator that heats the workpiece to cut faster.
• This gun can not be used to expose an integrated circuit because it would have the effect of melting the polymer layer, the connecting conductors as well as the circuit components. Also, such a plasma gun would damage the circuit board not yet integrated.
• a Corona discharge i.e., an electric arc is generated to create the plasma.
• Such an electric arc would destroy the integrated circuit if it were used to expose an integrated circuit.
• the jet from the plasma gun has a sanding effect at the atomic scale.
• the cutting device described in this document can not be used to expose an integrated circuit.
• Multichip module packaging of Microelectromechanical Systems describes a method of exposing a micro-wafer of an electromechanical microsystem (MEMS). According to this method, two dielectric layers covering the micro-wafer are removed by ablation when first applying a laser beam and then a plasma etching.
• MEMS electromechanical microsystem
• the micro wafer is maintained on the same support and in the same chamber during the application of the laser and the plasma application.
• flat polishing of the envelope of the integrated circuit is carried out from a grinding wheel, thus leaving only a small thickness of the envelope which is then eliminated by the action of plasma.
• most of the thickness of the envelope is removed by etching with an acid and in particular nitric or sulfuric acid.
• the aim of the invention is to propose a method of exposing the surface of an integrated circuit that can be implemented quickly while making it possible to obtain a satisfactory surface state of the integrated circuit.
• the subject of the invention is a method of exposing an integrated circuit by ablation of a polymer casing initially covering the integrated circuit, characterized in that it comprises a combined application of laser radiation and a plasma on the envelope initially covering the integrated circuit, the combined application being performed in the same enclosure.
• the subject of the invention is also a method of testing for tearing off the connecting conductors of an integrated circuit initially covered by a polymer envelope, comprising: an initial step of exposing the integrated circuit and the connecting conductors by a process as described above, and
• the invention finally relates to an installation for exposing an integrated circuit by ablation of a polymer casing initially covering the integrated circuit comprising:
• a support plate of the integrated circuit during its treatment and the laser radiation application means and the plasma application means are adapted to act on the same support plate.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of FIG. an installation for exposing an integrated circuit according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of the chamber of the installation of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the method implemented for exposing an integrated circuit
• FIG. 4 is a schematic elevational view of another embodiment for the implementation of the method implementation.
• FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the successive steps of processing a sample comprising two circuits in the same envelope.
• the installation 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is capable of ensuring the exposure of a sample 12 formed of an integrated circuit contained in a polymer envelope by successive implementation of a laser beam and a plasma under empty.
• the circuit 12 is carried by a plate 13.
• This installation comprises a vacuum chamber 14 delimiting a sealed enclosure 16.
• the chamber 14 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
• the chamber 14 has a flat bottom 18, a generally cylindrical side wall 20 and a lid 27 of generally frustoconical shape surmounted by a flat ceiling 24.
• the ceiling 24 has a transparent window 26 arranged to the right of the central portion of the bottom 18 where the plate 13 is in Figure 1 when it is in the circuit processing position.
• a laser source 28 is disposed outside the chamber 14 opposite the window 26 and is turned towards the sample 12.
• This laser is for example a Galvano laser, Nd: Yag type or excimer laser.
• This laser is connected for its control by a central control unit 30.
• the central control unit 30 is formed for example of a computer associated with input and output cards.
• the laser source 28 is carried by means 32 for moving the laser beam in the plane of the circuit 12 in two directions perpendicular to each other. These displacement means are connected to the central control unit 30 for controlling the position of the laser and for scanning the upper surface of the circuit 12 by the laser beam.
• the frustoconical wall 22 of the cover is provided with a transparent window 34 behind which is disposed an observation camera 36 placed outside the enclosure and directed to observe the sample 12 disposed in the pregnant.
• the camera 36 is connected to an observation monitor 38 for monitoring the evolution of the exposed surface of the integrated circuit. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the optical axis of the camera 36 is angularly offset from normal to the circuit 12.
• an image correction circuit is interposed between the camera 36 and the monitor 38.
• This image correcting circuit is suitable for implementing an image processing algorithm making it possible to straighten the image initially in the form of trapezoid obtained from the circuit so that this image has a rectangular shape as if it had been observed with a camera optical axis perpendicular to the normal to the circuit.
• a mirror or a set of mirrors is disposed inside the enclosure between the camera 36 and the circuit 12, in order to modify the beam between the camera and the circuit and thus ensure, by a correction of the angles, a recovery of the image.
• two cameras with different angles are positioned to observe the circuit. Images obtained by two cameras are sent to an image processing unit for producing a stereoscopic image of the circuit.
• the three preceding approaches are combined.
• two cameras are used to obtain a stereoscopic image of the circuit while a third camera is associated with a set of mirrors or an image processing unit in order to obtain a rectangular rectified image of the circuit. .
• a nozzle 40 for injecting a cleaning gas is formed through the frustoconical wall 22. This nozzle is directed towards the integrated circuit 12.
• the supply of the nozzle 40 from the gas contained in the source 32 is controlled by the central control unit 30 driving a valve 44.
• the gas contained in the source 42 projected by the nozzle 40 is for example formed of carbon dioxide capable of spraying the materials not removed by the plasma.
• the enclosure further comprises means 46 for establishing a plasma on the surface to be exposed of the integrated circuit 12.
• These means 46 comprise a ring 48 for injecting a clean gas to be ionized.
• This ring is disposed along the axis of the chamber inside the chamber in the vicinity of the window -0 26.
• the ring 48 comprises a set of perforations distributed at its periphery and directed towards the circuit 12.
• the ring 48 is fed by a source of ionization gas 50 disposed outside the chamber to which the ring is connected through a valve 52 controlled by the central control unit 30.
• the gas contained in the source 50 is formed for example of a mixture of oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride.
• the means 46 for establishing a plasma further comprise a radio frequency generator 54 connected to the support plate 13 of the sample.
• This generator 54 is capable of creating an intense electromagnetic field capable of provoking the ionisation of the gas contained in the chamber.
• the generator 54 is connected for its control to the central control unit 30.
• Suction mouths 56 are disposed in the bottom 18 around the sample 12. These mouths are connected to a vacuum pump 58 controlled by the central control unit 30.
• the mouths 56 are adapted to suck the gas contained in the chamber as well as the debris obtained during the dislocation of
• the envelope under the action of laser radiation and plasma.
• the support plate of the sample 13 is slidably mounted relative to the chamber 14.
• the chamber 14 has in its lateral wall 20 an introduction opening 60 through which the plate 13 supporting the sample 12 is slidably mounted.
• the plate 13 is secured to a sliding drawer 62 movably mounted on two lateral slides 64 secured to the chamber 14.
• the slide 64 is movable between a position of setting up the circuit in which the plate is essentially outside the chamber 14 and the processing position of the circuit in which the plate 13 and in particular the sample are in line with the window 26.
• the plate 13 and the slide 62 are provided with a seal which makes it possible to seal the chamber 16 when the platen is in the sample treatment position.
• the plate comprises a bracket 66 for positioning the integrated circuit 12.
• a protective mask 68 is finally disposed above the circuit and carried 0 by the plate 13. This mask defines an orifice 70 for the passage of the laser beam and the plasma to the right of the part to be exposed of the integrated circuit.
• the circuit is first positioned on the plate 13 below the mask 68 and the plate is inserted into the chamber.
• the vacuum is then made in the chamber from the pump 58.
• the laser beam implemented preferably has a power between 1 and 50 Watts. It is applied for a duration for example between 5 and 30 seconds. In particular, the laser beam is applied in order to allow the ablation of the envelope of the
• circuit on most of its thickness leaving only a residual thickness between 50 and 200 microns and preferably equal to 100 microns.
• the evolution of the circuit is observed from the camera 36.
• the debris of the envelope removed is collected by the mouths 56.
• a plasma is established in the vicinity of the circuit 12 in step 74 without the circuit being removed from the enclosure 16 and while the latter is still under vacuum.
• This plasma is established by injecting gas from the ring 48 and creating a magnetic field by the generator 54.
• the plasma preferably has the characteristics to ensure a dislocation of the resin present.
• the temperature, the working pressure level, and the nature of the gases used are chosen according to the type and the thickness of the resin.
• the presence of the plasma makes it possible, by the action of the ionized particles, a complete elimination of the residual layer of polymer, even in the undercut parts of the circuit and under the copper connections.
• the first step 72 of implementation of the laser radiation is performed while the integrated circuit is subjected to a plasma.
• the successive steps 72 and 74 of applying a laser and a plasma are repeated to enable the ablation of the residual layer in regions where it is thickest through the laser beam, after an earlier action of the laser and the plasma.
• a final plasma treatment step is applied.
• the plasma created in the chamber 16 is maintained not by the creation of a magnetic field thanks to the generator
• the circuit can be exposed very precisely because of the final action of the plasma.
• the combined implementation of laser radiation and plasma in the same enclosure reduces handling and thus allows a method of bare exposure very fast and easy to implement.
• the fact of remaining under vacuum between the two operations makes it possible not to oxidize the metals constituting the circuit or the connections of the circuit with the ambient air.
• connection wires are particularly useful for a subsequent step of pull-out tests of the connection wires, the results obtained in the pull-out tests being not modified by the aggressive action implemented to remove the connection wires. polymer.
• Figure 4 is illustrated another embodiment of exposing an integrated circuit.
• elements identical or corresponding to those of Figure 1 are designated by the same reference numbers.
• the vacuum plasma is replaced by an atmospheric plasma.
• the chamber 14 is removed.
• the sample 12 supported by the plate 13 is as previously arranged facing the laser source 28 and means 40, 42, 44 for injecting a cleaning gas are provided.
• the means for establishing an atmospheric laser comprises a nozzle
• a plasma gas connected to a source of gas 102 containing oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and carbon tetrafluorides.
• the laser is used as a source of excitation of the injected gas to cause ionization of the plasma gas.
• Integrated circuits arranged in such a housing may have upper surfaces located at different levels, especially when the integrated circuits have different thicknesses.
• the housing is first subjected to step 104 to laser radiation to remove most of the thickness of the cover layer.
• the removed part is denoted 105.
• This ablation is performed by several passes made with the laser radiation, the number of passes being greater above the circuit whose upper face is the deepest.
• the laser is applied so as to leave on each of the circuits a residual layer of polymer 102 of substantially the same thickness.
• the integrated circuits 100A, 100B are subjected to a plasma ensuring the simultaneous ablation of the residual polymer layer remaining above the different circuits.
• the protective mask 68 is initially a solid plate formed of polymer or metal.
• the orifice 70 is directly machined by the laser radiation from the laser 28.
• the opening is positioned very precisely and has an exactly satisfactory shape for the treatment of the circuit placed below. Such adjustment is difficult to achieve manually with mechanical positioning of a pre-machined mask.
• the plasma etching carried out during step 74 is a physicochemical etching (RIE: Reactive Ion Etching).
• RIE Reactive Ion Etching
• the plasma is generated by creating a magnetic field in a gas at a pressure generally ranging from 10mTorr to 1000 mTorr. It is a so-called low pressure plasma.
• the magnetic field is created by the radiofrequency generator 54 connected to electrodes placed in the chamber 16 in the environment of the mixture of oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride at low pressure. The magnetic field ionizes the molecules of the gas mixture by stripping them of their electrons, thus creating the plasma.
• the integrated circuit 12 absorbs the free electrons accelerated by the magnetic field so that it charges negatively.
• plasma is positively charged because of its high concentration of positive ions compared to free electrons. Because of this significant potential difference, positive ions move to circuit 12 where they collide with the residual polymer and the polymer beneath the bonding conductors to chemically etch. The ions react chemically with the residual polymer and eject a portion of this polymer by transferring their kinetic energy.
• the plasma etching is performed during or after the application of the laser while the integrated circuit 12 is held on the same support plate and the latter is not moved.
• the laser radiation is applied until the thickness of the residual polymer layer above the integrated circuit is between 200 ⁇ m and 0 ⁇ m.
• the laser power used is about 0.5 Watts per cm 2 .
• the method of exposing the surface of an integrated circuit is carried out according to the steps described below.
• the sample is an electronic component that has a size of about a few cm 2 .
• This component is embedded in a polymer-based resin (black plastic appearance). This component must be open in order to expose the integrated circuit.
• the integrated circuit is mounted on a generally metal frame on which are the pins (or tabs) of external connections.
• the connection between the integrated circuit and the pins is made by connecting conductors welded on one side and the other.
• the assembly is embedded in the polymer-based resin leaving only the end of the connection pins exposed.
• the integrated circuit is rarely located exactly in the center and even less in a plane perfectly parallel with the surface of the coating of the component. The thickness of the polymer to be removed is therefore not uniform on this surface to expose the surface of the integrated circuit.
• an X-ray image is made of the component so as to estimate the size of the integrated circuit.
• the position of the integrated circuit can be measured (seen from above) in order to reposition the area of application of the integrated circuit. laser and plasma relative to the component itself.
• the integrated circuit has a size of 200 microns x 200 microns.
• the electronic component is then positioned on a plate to be translated into the device according to the invention.
• the orifice serves to protect the outer pins of the sample.
• the orifice 70 of the protective mask 68 has a size of approximately 1 square millimeter.
• the combined application of the laser and the plasma is performed on a predefined area of the integrated circuit.
• the position measurement of the application zone is then aligned with the component positioned on the support plate 13. This positioning can be done in multiple ways. Either with a metrology system that allows measurement of the dimensions with respect to a benchmark of the stage, or with a calibrated optical camera or a motorized laser pointer. Similarly the heights can be measured either with a metrology system (motorized probe) or with an interferometry system, or with a camera equipped with a system calibrated in height.
• the resin thicknesses can not be precisely measured. Also, an area wider than the circuit is cleverly defined on which the laser and / or plasma will be applied.
• a first laser ablation is launched over an area of 220 .mu.m x 220 .mu.m, so as to cover the area of the integrated circuit of 200 microns x 200 microns.
• the operation is stopped to check the resin height removed.
• the height is preferably measured in the chamber 16 so as to eliminate the risk of error repositioning the support plate 13 in the enclosure. Indeed, it is very difficult to reposition a mechanical element to less than a few tens of microns. Such a repositioning would be a risk of error that would hinder the successful opening of the component and the necessary steps would excessively lengthen the total duration of the opening.
• the measurement is done for example with a camera 36 playing on the focus to have a height measurement.
• the resin thickness is 1.5 mm.
• the ablation area has a triangular shape, passing through the three corners that are not yet bare.
• laser ablation is used again. This can in turn be followed by plasma ablation until the circuit is completely exposed.
• the etching speeds can be calibrated by fine measurement steps M1, M2 and M3 for example.
• the precise height between the surface of the coating and the integrated circuit is measured on the first circuit and is used as referenced for the following circuits.
• the ablation can then be started so as to leave about 200 ⁇ m on the entire surface of the circuit.
• the margin 250 ⁇ m instead of 200 ⁇ m
• a lower value 50 microns instead of 200 microns
• the plasmas used are etching plasmas. Preferentially a plasma type RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) between these two plasmas is used. However, an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) inductive plasma would obtain very good performances.
• the difference between these two plasmas is between the preparation of the plasma which is done in an outside chamber. The plasma is then transferred by a tube to the chamber where the sample is located, the distance separating the two chambers being typically 10 cm.
• the etching plasmas may have an etching rate of less than 120 ⁇ m per hour. Typically, when using a plasma type RIE, the speed is 27 microns per hour.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
• Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
• Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
• Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)

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