WO2008068213A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerisierbaren carbonsäureestern mit alkoxygruppen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerisierbaren carbonsäureestern mit alkoxygruppen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008068213A1 WO2008068213A1 PCT/EP2007/063127 EP2007063127W WO2008068213A1 WO 2008068213 A1 WO2008068213 A1 WO 2008068213A1 EP 2007063127 W EP2007063127 W EP 2007063127W WO 2008068213 A1 WO2008068213 A1 WO 2008068213A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- acid
- copolymers
- reaction
- compound
- Prior art date
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- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- -1 hydroxyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid group Chemical group C(\C=C/C(=O)O)(=O)O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical class [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypodiphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)P(O)(O)=O TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNNVICQPXUUBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(S)CO QNNVICQPXUUBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXHXDEBLSQQHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.N.OP(O)=O Chemical compound N.N.OP(O)=O YXHXDEBLSQQHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDXRGXUDSDPCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.OP(O)=O Chemical compound N.OP(O)=O CDXRGXUDSDPCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012935 ammoniumperoxodisulfate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical class [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethenyl-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TVZAODNOSCFHKT-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxy(dioxido)phosphanium Chemical compound [K+].OP([O-])=O TVZAODNOSCFHKT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-][PH+]=O KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUMNEOGIHFCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 KUMNEOGIHFCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][P+]([O-])=O YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- GWBBVOVXJZATQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L etidronate disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP(=O)([O-])C(O)(C)P(O)([O-])=O GWBBVOVXJZATQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJAUKMLCDVOYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O QJAUKMLCDVOYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- NNZKZWURDQPBSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;propan-2-one Chemical compound OO.CC(C)=O NNZKZWURDQPBSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N isocrotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C/C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N medronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CP(O)(O)=O MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005528 methosulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WTNTZFRNCHEDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NCCO WTNTZFRNCHEDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CP(O)(O)=O XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P=O CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC=C DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical class C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC=C RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJSKCFIYCTPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-(propan-2-yloxycarbonylamino)peroxycarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)NOONC(=O)OC(C)C DQJSKCFIYCTPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIGUVTURIMRFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dioxidophosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][PH2]=O SIGUVTURIMRFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium disulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-][S-] SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004897 thiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical class [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
- C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/332—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof
- C08G65/3324—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof cyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
- C04B2103/32—Superplasticisers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acid esters by reacting ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides or carboxylic acid halides (collectively referred to as carboxylic acid component) with a hydroxyl compound which consists of at least 60 wt .-% of C2 to C4 alkoxy groups (short referred to as polyalkoxy compound), characterized in that the reaction
- the invention further relates to copolymers containing the carboxylic acid esters, and the use of the copolymers as a fluidizing additive in cementitious preparations
- Free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acid esters in particular monoesters of poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene glycols with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, hereinafter also referred to as (poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene glycol) mono (meth) acrylate, are described, for example.
- B. for the production of comb polymers with poly-C2-C4-alkylene ether side chains are used. Due to their surface-active properties, the latter are used in a variety of ways, for example as detergent additives such as incrustation inhibitors, grayness inhibitors and soil release agents, and as coating raw materials, as formulation additives for active ingredient preparations in medicine and crop protection.
- Anionic comb polymers having poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene ether side chains and carboxylate groups on the polymer backbone are used, for example, as flow agents for mineral binders, in particular for cementitious binders such as mortars, cement-based plasters and, in particular, concrete ,
- the preparation of (poly-C2-C4-alkylene glycol) -mono (meth) acrylic acid esters is usually carried out by esterification of an OH-bearing P0IV-C2-C4-alkylene glycol with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
- DE-A 1 110866 describes u.
- A. the reaction of Monoalkylpolyalkylenglykolen with acid chlorides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, wherein the acid chloride is used in excess.
- the resulting crude product of the ester naturally contains not yet reacted excess acid chloride, which interferes with further reactions and must be removed by distillation consuming.
- the quality of the (poly-C2-C4-alkylene glycol) mono (meth) acrylic esters thus produced is not satisfactory.
- No. 4,075,441 describes the preparation of alkylphenoxy (polyethylene glycol) monoesters of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids by esterification of polyethylene glycol mono (alkylphenyl) ethers with the corresponding acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid or by reaction with the acid chloride in the presence of a amine.
- the conversions achieved and the quality of the alkylphenoxy- (polyethyleneglycol) monoesters thus prepared are unsatisfactory.
- WO 01/74736 describes a process for the preparation of copolymers of (poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene glycol) mono (meth) acrylic esters with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by copolymerization of these monomers, wherein the preparation of the (P0IV-C2- C 4 -alkylene glycol) mono (meth) acrylic acid ester by reaction of polyalkylene glycols with (meth) acrylic anhydrides in the presence of amines.
- the anhydride is used in excess of at least 10 mol .-%, based on the stoichiometry of the reaction. Despite this excess, the rate of esterification is low.
- WO 2006/024538 describes a method, in which with an at least one OH group-bearing P0IV-C2-C4-alkylene glycol compound, acrylic anhydride or methacrylic anhydride in the presence of a base, the base being selected from basic compounds at 90 0 C have a solubility of not more than 10 g / l and wherein (meth) acrylic anhydride A and P0IV-C2-C4 alkylene glycol compound P in a molar ratio A: P in the range of 1: 1 to 1, 095: 1 is used.
- the quality of the carboxylic acid ester and also the rate of turnover could be improved.
- WO 2006/024538 also describes the use of a polymerization inhibitor in the esterification. Suitable polymerization inhibitors often require oxygen for their effectiveness; In addition, oxygen itself can also act as an inhibitor. A disadvantage of the presence of oxygen, however, is a formation of peroxides. Peroxides lead in polyalkylene oxides z. For example, to ether cleavage and by unwanted cross-linking reactions to carboxylic acid esters with more than one polymerizable group. Such polyvalent carboxylic esters lead in the subsequent polymerization to crosslinks and a broad molecular weight distribution. For many applications, especially for use as a fluidizing additive in cementitious formulations uniform copolymers are advantageous.
- Suitable carboxylic acid components are all free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides or carboxylic acid halides. It can be z. B. to dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, eg. For example, be maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or itaconic anhydride. Preference is given to monocarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, very particular preference is given to dimeric anhydrides of the monocarboxylic acids, in particular to acrylic anhydride or methacrylic anhydride.
- the polyalkoxy compound preferably has one or two, more preferably two, hydroxyl groups which react with the carboxylic acid components to form esters.
- the polyalkoxy compound is preferably at least 80% by weight of C 2 to C 4 alkoxy groups. Ethoxy groups, propoxy groups or mixtures thereof are preferred as C 2 -C 4 alkoxy groups; ethoxy groups are particularly preferred. In a preferred embodiment, at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight and in particular 100% by weight, of the alkoxy groups are ethoxy groups.
- the polyalkoxy compound usually has at least 3, often at least 5 and especially at least 10 and usually not more than 400, often not more than 300, z. B. 10 to 200 and especially 10 to 150 alkoxy groups.
- the compounds may be linear or branched and generally have on average at least one, usually terminal, free OH group in the molecule.
- the remaining end groups may be, for example, OH groups, alkyloxy groups having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, phenyloxy or benzyloxy groups, acyloxy groups having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, O-SOsH groups or O-POsH2 groups, the two being the latter groups may also be present as anionic groups.
- a polyalkyloxy compound in which one end group is an OH group and the other end group (s) alkyloxy group (s) with 1 to 10 and in particular having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy or tert-butoxy, and especially methoxy is (are).
- linear polyalkoxy compounds having about one free OH group per molecule (i.e., about 0.9 to 1, 1 free OH groups on average). Such compounds can be described by the general formula P:
- n denotes the number of repeating units and generally represents a number in the range from 3 to 400, in particular in the range from 5 to 300, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 200 and very particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 150,
- A is C 2 -C 4 alkylene, such as 1, 2-ethanediyl, 1, 3-propanediyl, 1, 2-propanediyl, 1, 2-butanediyl or 1, 4-butanediyl, and
- A is CH 2 -CH 2 or
- A is CH 2 -CH 2
- a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a process in which the alkoxy compound is a polyethylene glycol mono (C 1 -C 10 -alkyl) ether, ie a mono-C 1 -C 10 -alkyl ether, in particular a mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ether and specifically, the methyl or ethyl ether of a linear polyethylene glycol.
- the alkoxy compound is a polyethylene glycol mono (C 1 -C 10 -alkyl) ether, ie a mono-C 1 -C 10 -alkyl ether, in particular a mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ether and specifically, the methyl or ethyl ether of a linear polyethylene glycol.
- the polyalkoxy compound has a number average molecular weight (determined by GPC) in the range from 250 to 20,000 and in particular in the range from 400 to 10,000.
- the free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acid ester is correspondingly preferably the acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of the above polyalkoxy compound.
- the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester is prepared in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor.
- polymerization inhibitors selected from sterically hindered nitro oxides, cerium (III) compounds and sterically hindered phenols and mixtures thereof and mixtures thereof with oxygen.
- phenols such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, especially sterically hindered phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, furthermore thiazines such as phenothiazine or methylene blue , Cerium (III) salts such as cerium (III) acetate and nitroxides, especially sterically hindered nitroxides, d. H.
- Nitroxides of secondary amines which carry 3 alkyl groups each at the carbon atoms which are adjacent to the nitroxide group, each 2 of these alkyl groups, in particular those which are not located on the same carbon atom, with the nitrogen atom of the nitroxide group or the carbon atom to which they are attached form a saturated 5- or 6-membered ring, such as, for example, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (OH-TEMPO), mixtures of the aforementioned inhibitors, mixtures of the aforementioned inhibitors with oxygen, for.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
- OH-TEMPO 4-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
- inhibitors are the abovementioned sterically hindered nitroxides, cerium (III) compounds and sterically hindered phenols and mixtures thereof and mixtures of such inhibitors with oxygen and mixtures of mixtures of these inhibitors with oxygen, eg. B. in the form of air.
- Particularly preferred are inhibitor systems comprising at least one sterically hindered nitroxide and another component selected from a hindered phenol and a cerium (III) compound, as well as mixtures thereof with oxygen, e.g. in the form of air.
- the amount of the polymerization inhibitor may in particular be up to 2% by weight, based on the total amount of carboxylic acid component and alkoxy compound.
- the inhibitors are advantageously used in amounts of from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the total amount of carboxylic acid component and polyalkoxy compound. In the case of inhibitor mixtures, this information refers to the total amount of components except oxygen.
- the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester is further prepared in the presence of a reducing agent.
- Suitable reducing agents are, in particular, phosphorus- or sulfur-containing compounds.
- sulfur-containing compounds are z.
- the reducing agent is particularly preferably phosphorus-containing compounds which are to be understood as both inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds.
- the inorganic phosphorus compounds to be used according to the invention preferably comprise the oxo acids of the phosphorus and their salts which are soluble or dispersible in the reaction medium, preferably their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts.
- phosphinic acid H2PO2
- the salts derived therefrom such as sodium phosphinate (monohydrate), potassium phosphinate, ammonium phosphinate
- Hypodiphosphonic acid H4P2O4
- Phosphonic acid H3PO3
- the salts derived therefrom such as sodium hydrogenphosphonate, sodium phosphonate, potassium hydrogenphosphonate, ammonium hydrogenphosphonate, ammonium phosphonate
- Diphosphonic acid H4P2O5 and the diphosphonates derived therefrom
- Hypodiphosphoric acid H4P2O6
- Diphosphoric acid H4P2O7 and the diphosphates derived therefrom, as well as polyphosphoric acids and their salts, e.g. Sodium triphosphate.
- the carboxylic acid ester in the presence of phosphinic acid (H3PO2) or the salts derived therefrom z.
- phosphinic acid H3PO2
- Particular preference is given to sodium phosphinate monohydrate and / or phosphonic acid.
- Phosphorus-containing compounds further include organophosphorus compounds such as urea phosphate, methane diphosphonic acid, propane-1, 2,3-triphosphonic acid, butane-1, 2,3,4-tetraphosphonic acid, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, 1-aminoethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, diethyl ( 1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate, diethylhydroxymethylphosphonate, 1-amino-1-phenyl-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylenetetriphosphonic acid, ethylenediaminotetramethylenetetra-phosphonic acid, ethylenetriaminopentamethylenepentaphosphonic acid, ethylenediaminotetramethylenetetra-phosphonic acid, ethylenetriaminopentamethylenepentaphosphonic acid, ethylenediaminotetramethylenetetra-phosphonic acid, Ethylentriaminopentamethylenpentaphosphonklad,
- Ethylenically unsaturated phosphorus compounds such as vinyl phosphonate, vinyl phosphonate, Vinylphosphonatethylester, vinyl phosphate, Allylphosphonat or allyl phosphate are suitable.
- Preferred organophosphorus compounds are 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, and their disodium and tetrasodium salts, aminotrimethylene-tri- phosphonic acid and the pentasodium salt and ethylenediaminotetramethylenetetraphosphonic acid and its salt.
- phosphorus compounds such as sodium phosphinate monohydrate with phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid with 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid disodium salt and / or Aminotrimethylentriphosphonklare and / or 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid.
- Si can be mixed together in any ratio and used in the polymerization.
- the amount of reducing agent, preferably the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.03 to 3 parts by weight, in particular 0.05 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of carboxylic acid component and polyalkoxy compound.
- the preparation of the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester moreover preferably takes place at a reduced oxygen content.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a gas mixture having an oxygen concentration of 1 to 15% by volume.
- the reaction of the anhydride with the compound P can be carried out in all apparatuses customary for such reactions, eg. B. in a stirred tank, in stirred tank cascades, autoclaves, tubular reactors or kneaders.
- the reaction space available in the apparatuses is preferably not completely filled with the reaction mixture, in general only a maximum of 90% by volume, in particular only a maximum of 80% by volume, is filled with the reaction mixture.
- the remaining space is occupied by the gas mixture.
- the gas mixture is preferably passed continuously through the reaction space.
- the preparation is preferably carried out according to the method described in WO 2006/024538.
- the preparation of the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a base is preferably, therefore, the preparation of the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a base.
- the base is preferably selected from basic compounds having at 90 ° C. a solubility in the polyalkoxy compound of not more than 10 g / l, more preferably not more than 5 g / l.
- suitable bases include hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates of monovalent or divalent metal cations, in particular of elements of the first and second main group of the periodic table, ie Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ and Ba 2+, as well as mono- or divalent transition metal cations such as Ag + , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ce 2+ .
- the hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates of cations of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and of Zn 2+ and in particular of Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ and particularly preferably of Na + or K + are preferred.
- Preferred among these are the hydroxides and carbonates of these metal ions, in particular the alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydroxides and especially sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
- lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are also suitable.
- the base is preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 base equivalents and in particular in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 base equivalents, based on the polyalkoxy compound, wherein larger amounts of base z.
- the carboxylic acid component is used in excess to prepare the radically polymerizable carboxylic acid ester.
- the molar ratio of the reactive carboxylic acid groups of the carboxylic acid components to the hydroxyl groups of the polyalkyloxy compound may be e.g. B. 1: 0.5 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 5: 1 and most preferably 1, 2: 1 to 4: 1.
- the excess carboxylic acid components are copolymerized in the subsequent copolymerization. It should be noted that (meth) acrylic anhydride is a dimer having two carboxylic acid groups per (meth) acrylic anhydride).
- (meth) acrylic anhydride refers here and below to both acrylic anhydride or methacrylic anhydride and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to using (meth) acrylic anhydride in an excess, based on the polyalkylene oxide compound (which corresponds to a much greater excess, based on the reactive carboxylic acid groups).
- the excess of (meth) acrylic anhydride is in a preferred embodiment 9.5 mol%, preferably 9 mol%, in particular 8.5 mol%, and especially 8 mol%, based on 1 mol of compound P (polyalkylene oxide ), ie the amount of (meth) acrylic anhydride is not more than 1, 095 mol, preferably not more than 1, 09 mol, in particular not more than 1, 085 mol and especially not more than 1, 08 moles per mole of compound P. Preference is given at least 1.005 mol, in particular at least 1.01 mol and more preferably at least 1.02 mol of (meth) acrylic anhydride per mole of compound P.
- the reaction of the carboxylic acid components with the polyalkoxy compound is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range from 0 to 150 ° C., in particular in the range from 20 to 130 ° C. and more preferably in the range from 50 to 100 ° C.
- the pressure prevailing in the reaction is for the Success of the reaction of minor importance and is usually in the range of 800 mbar to 2 bar and often at Ambient pressure.
- the reaction is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the reaction of the carboxylic acid components with the polyalkoxy compound is preferably carried out until a conversion of the compound P used of at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and particularly preferably at least 95% is achieved.
- the reaction times required for this purpose will generally not exceed 5 hours and often times less than 4 hours.
- the conversion can be monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy of the reaction mixture, preferably in the presence of a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.
- the reaction of the carboxylic acid components with the polyalkoxy compound can be carried out in bulk, i. H. without addition of solvents, or in inert solvents or diluents.
- Inert solvents are usually aprotic compounds.
- the inert solvents include optionally halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, technical mixtures of alkylaromatics, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, isocatn, Cyclohexane, cycloheptene, technical Aliphatenmischept, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, further ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether,
- Butyl methyl ether and mixtures of the aforementioned solvents such.
- toluene / hexane Preferably, without solvent or only with very small amounts of solvent, usually less than 10 wt .-%, based on the starting materials, d. H. in substance, worked.
- the reaction mixture therefore preferably contains less than 5% by weight of solvents such as water or organic solvents.
- reaction medium refers to the mixture of the reactants A and P with the base and with optionally used solvent and inhibitor.
- reaction medium In the case of moisture-containing feed materials, it has proven useful to remove the water before the reaction, for. Example by distillation and particularly preferably by distillation with addition of an organic solvent that forms a low-boiling azeotrope with water.
- solvents examples include the aforementioned aromatic solvents such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, benzene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene and technical aromatics mixtures, furthermore aliphatic and cycloaliphatic solvents such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and technical Aliphatenmischept and mixtures the aforementioned solvent.
- the reaction is usually carried out by reacting the reaction mixture containing the polyalkoxy compound and the carboxylic acid component and the base and optionally solvent, inhibitor and reducing agent in a suitable reaction vessel at the temperatures indicated above. Preference is given to the polyalkoxy compound and the base and optionally the solvent before and are d carboxylic acid component.
- feedstocks contain water, it is preferable to remove the water prior to adding the carboxylic acid components.
- reaction of the polyalkoxy compound with the carboxylic acid Koponeneten leads to a mixture containing the polymerizable carboxylic acid ester and, depending on the amount of the carboxylic acid components, if appropriate, also polymerizable carboxylic acid Koponenten.
- the resulting radically polymerizable carboxylic acid ester is preferably used for the preparation of homopolymers or copolymers.
- the free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acid esters can be used without prior isolation from the product mixture of the esterification.
- the other required monomers can be simply added to the product mixture.
- Preferred copolymers are composed of:
- Examples of monomers C) are:
- C1 monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid
- Salts in particular their alkali metal salts, such as vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acryloxyethanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, 2-
- C7 amino-carrying monomers and their protonation and their quaternization products such as [2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl] acrylate, [2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl] methacrylate, [3- (N , N-dimethylamino) propyl] acrylate, [2- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylate, [2- (N, N, N-trimethylammonium) ethyl] acrylate, [2- (N, N, N trimethylammonium) ethyl] methacrylate, [3- (N, N 1 NT rimethylammonium) - propyl] acrylate [2- (N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium) propyl] methacrylate in the form of their chlorides, sulfates, and methosulfates.
- Preferred monomers C are the monomers C1, C3 and C6.
- the proportion of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized will generally not exceed 30% by weight and in particular 10% by weight.
- the copolymerization in the presence of small amounts of multi-ethylenically unsaturated monomers with z. B. 2, 3 or 4 polymerizable double bonds perform (crosslinker).
- crosslinker examples thereof are diesters and triesters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular the bis- and trisacrylates of diols or polyols having 3 or more OH groups, eg.
- the bisacrylates and the bis methacrylates of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trietylene glycol, neopentyl glycol or polyethylene glycols are examples thereof.
- Such crosslinkers are used, if desired, in an amount of generally 0.01 to 5 wt .-% based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized. Preferably, less than 0.01 wt .-% and in particular no Vernetzermonomere be used.
- the copolymerization of the carboxylic acid ester with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and optionally other monomers is usually carried out in the presence of free-radical-forming compounds, so-called initiators.
- Such compounds are usually used in amounts of up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 8 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
- initiators consisting of several constituents (initiator systems, for example, in the case of redox initiator systems)
- the above weights refer to the sum of the components.
- Suitable initiators are, for example, organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, furthermore peroxodisulfates, percarbonates, peroxide esters, hydrogen peroxide and azo compounds.
- Examples of initiators are hydrogen peroxide, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, diacetyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, dicanoanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (o-toluyl) peroxide, succinyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, di-tert.
- Redox initiator systems contain at least one peroxide-containing compound in combination with a redox coinitiator, e.g. a reducing sulfur compound, e.g. Bisulfites, sulfites, thiosulfates, dithionites and tetrathionates of alkali metals or of ammonium compounds. So you can use combinations of peroxodisulfates with alkali metal or ammonium hydrogen sulfites, z. For example, ammonium peroxodisulfate and ammonium disulfite.
- the amount of the peroxide-containing compound to the redox coinitiator is 30: 1 to 0.05: 1.
- the initiators can be used alone or mixed with each other, for. B. mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate.
- the initiators can be either water-soluble or water-insoluble or only slightly soluble.
- Water-soluble initiators are preferably used for the polymerization in an aqueous medium, ie initiators which are soluble in the aqueous polymerization medium in the concentration customarily used for the polymerization. These include peroxodisulfates, azo initiators with ionic groups, organic Hydroperoxides having up to 6 C atoms, acetone hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the abovementioned redox initiators.
- transition metal catalysts may additionally be used, for. Salts of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, vanadium and manganese. Suitable salts are e.g. Iron (II) sulfate, cobalt (II) chloride, nickel (II) sulfate, or copper (I) chloride. Based on the monomers, the reducing transition metal salt is used in a concentration of 0.1 ppm to 1000 ppm. So you can use combinations of hydrogen peroxide with iron (II) salts, such as 0.5 to 30% hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 to 500 ppm Mohr's salt.
- redox coinitiators and / or transition metal catalysts can also be used in combination with the abovementioned initiators, eg. As benzoin, dimethylaniline, ascorbic acid and soluble in organic solvents complexes of heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel and chromium.
- initiators eg. As benzoin, dimethylaniline, ascorbic acid and soluble in organic solvents complexes of heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel and chromium.
- the amounts of redox coinitiators or transition metal catalysts usually used are about 0.1 to 1000 ppm, based on the amounts of monomers used.
- regulators can be used for this purpose, in particular compounds containing organic SH groups, in particular water-soluble compounds containing SH groups, such as 2-mercaptoethanol,
- the polymerization regulators are generally used in amounts of from 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the monomers.
- Preferred regulators are the abovementioned SH-group-carrying compounds, in particular water-soluble compounds bearing SH groups, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine.
- SH groups such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine.
- it has proven particularly useful to use these in an amount of 0.05 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 1 wt .-%, based on the monomers.
- the abovementioned phosphorus (III) compounds and phosphorus (I) compounds as well as the hydrogen sulfites are usually obtained in relatively large quantities, eg. B.
- the copolymerization can be carried out by the customary polymerization processes, including solution, precipitation, suspension or bulk polymerization. Preference is given to the method of solution polymerization, ie the polymerization in solvents or diluents.
- Suitable solvents or diluents include both aprotic solvents, e.g. B. the aforementioned aromatics such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, technical mixtures of alkylaromatics, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic compounds such as cyclohexane and technical Aliphatenmischept, ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, Diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters of aliphatic C 1 -C 4 -carboxylic acids such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, furthermore protic solvents such as glycols and glycol derivatives, polyalkylene glycols
- the copolymerization process is carried out in water or a mixture of water with up to 60 wt .-% of Ci-C4-alkanols or glycols as a solvent or diluent.
- water is used as the sole solvent.
- the copolymerization process is preferred with substantial or complete exclusion of oxygen, preferably in an inert gas stream, e.g. B. a nitrogen Ström performed.
- the copolymerization process can be carried out in the usual apparatuses for polymerization. These include stirred tanks, stirred tank cascades, autoclaves, tube reactors and kneaders.
- the copolymerization process usually takes place at temperatures in the range from 0 to 300 ° C., preferably in the range from 40 to 120 ° C.
- the polymerization time is usually in the range from 0.5 h to 15 h and in particular in the range from 2 to 6 h.
- the pressure prevailing in the polymerization is of minor importance for the success of the polymerization and is generally in the range from 800 mbar to 2 bar and often at ambient pressure. When using volatile solvents or volatile monomers, the pressure may be higher.
- the copolymers obtainable generally have weight-average molecular weights (M w ) in the range from 1000 to 200,000. With regard to the use of the polymers, those having a weight-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 are preferred.
- the weight-average molecular weight M w can be determined in the usual way by gel permeation chromatography, as explained in the examples.
- the K values of the invention Copolymers obtainable by the method indicated below are preferably in the range from 20 to 45.
- an isolation of the polymer obtainable according to the invention can be carried out in a conventional manner, for. B. by spray drying of the polymerization mixture. If the polymerization is carried out in a steam-volatile solvent or solvent mixture, the solvent can be removed by passing in steam, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution or dispersion of the copolymer.
- the resulting polymers or copolymers have a uniform molecular weight distribution.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw and the number average molecular weight Mn are determined by gel permeation chromatography.
- the copolymers are preferably obtained in the form of an aqueous dispersion or solution.
- the solids content is preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 65 wt .-%.
- copolymers in particular the copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid with (P0IV-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene glycol) mono (meth) acrylic acid, preferably the copolymers of methacrylic acid with polyethylene glycol mono (C 1 -C 10 -alkyl) monomethacrylates, are outstandingly suitable as additives for cementitious preparations, such as concrete or mortar and are characterized in particular by superior properties in terms of their liquefying effect.
- the present invention therefore also relates to the copolymers obtainable by the process according to the invention and in particular copolymers of polyethylene glycol mono (C 1 -C 10 -alkyl) monomethacrylate with methacrylic acid, and to their use in cementitious preparations, in particular as concrete flow agents.
- cement is meant, for example, Portland cement, alumina cement or mixed cement, such as pozzolanic cement, slag cement or other types.
- the copolymers according to the invention are suitable for cement mixtures containing predominantly and in particular at least 80% by weight, based on the cement constituent, of Portland cement as cement constituents.
- the copolymers of the invention are used for this purpose generally in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the cement in the cement preparation.
- the copolymers may be added in solid form or as an aqueous solution to the ready-to-use cementitious composition.
- copolymers present in solid form with the cement and to prepare the ready-to-use cement-containing preparations therefrom.
- the copolymer is preferably used in liquid, that is dissolved, emulsified or suspended form, for example in the form of the polymerization solution, in the preparation of the preparation, ie during mixing.
- the copolymers can also be used in combination with the known concrete flow improvers and / or concrete liquefiers based on naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, melamine-formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, lignosulfonates and gluconates.
- celluloses e.g. As alkyl or hydroxyalkyl celluloses, starches or starch derivatives are used. Also, they may be used in combination with high molecular weight polyethylene oxides (weight-average molecular weight M w in the range of 100,000 to 8,000,000).
- additives such as air-entraining agents, expansion agents, water repellents, setting retarders, setting accelerators, antifreeze agents, sealants, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, flow agents, injection aids, stabilizers or hollow microspheres can be added to the cementitious preparation.
- additives are described for example in EN 934.
- the copolymers can also be used together with film-forming polymers. These are understood as meaning those polymers whose glass transition temperature is ⁇ 65 ° C., preferably ⁇ 50 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 25 ° C., and very particularly preferably ⁇ 0 ° C. With reference to the relationship between the glass transition temperature of homopolymers and the glass transition temperature of copolymers established by Fox (TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.
- suitable polymers are the styrene-butadiene polymers and styrene acrylates which are commercially available for this purpose (see, for example, BH Lutz in D. Distler (publisher), "Wässrige Polymerdispersionen” Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1999, chapter 10.3 and 10.4, Pp. 230-252).
- Suitable antifoaming agents include, in particular, polyalkylene oxide-based antifoams, trialkyl phosphates such as tributyl phosphate, and silicone-based defoamers. Also suitable are the ethoxylation products and the propoxylation products of alcohols having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. men. Also suitable are the diesters of alkylene glycols or polyalkylene glycols and other conventional antifoams. Anti-foaming agents are usually used in amounts of 0.05 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, and preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the polymers.
- the antifoams can be combined with the polymer in a variety of ways. For example, if the polymer is an aqueous solution, the antifoam agent may be added solid or dissolved to the polymer solution. If the antifoam agent is not soluble in the aqueous polymer solution, then emulsifiers or protective colloids may be added to stabilize it.
- the copolymer is in the form of a solid, as z. B. from a spray-drying or Sprühwirbel Anlagengranulierung, so the antifoam agent can be mixed in as a solid or in the spray-drying process or spray granulation together with the polymer be made up.
- the K values of the aqueous sodium salt solutions of the copolymers were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Volume 13, 58-64 and 71-74 (1932) in aqueous solution at a pH of 7, a temperature of 25 0 C and a polymer concentration of the sodium salt of the copolymer of 1 wt .-% determined.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the GPC was performed with a device combination from Agilent (1100 series). This includes:
- the eluent used in the case of polymers dissolved in water is a 0.08 mol / l TRIS
- the flow rate was 0.8 mL / min at a column temperature of 23 ° C.
- Feed 1 Mixture of 250 g of the ester solution with 4.57 g of methacrylic acid and 0.41 g of mercaptoethanol.
- Feed 2 1, 08 g aqueous sodium peroxodisulfate solution (7 wt .-%), 14 mg
- the resulting solution had a solids content of 29.6% by weight and a pH of 6.6.
- the K value of the polymer was 94.8, the number average molecular weight Mn was 19700 and the weight average molecular weight Mw was 760000 daltons (quotient Mw / Mn as a measure of the uniformity: 38.6).
- Feed 1 Mixture of 241 g of the ester solution with 4.44 g of methacrylic acid and 0.49 g of mercaptoethanol.
- Feed 2 1, 05 g aqueous sodium peroxodisulfate solution (7 wt .-%), 14 mg of water
- the resulting solution had a solids content of 29.4% by weight and a pH of 6.7.
- the K value of the polymer was 52.4, the number average molecular weight Mn was 17300, and the weight average molecular weight Mw was 164,000 daltons (Mw / Mn as a measure of uniformity: 9.5).
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002669954A CA2669954A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | Process for preparing polymerizable carboxylic esters with alkoxy groups |
JP2009539718A JP5328667B2 (ja) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | アルコキシ基を有する重合可能なカルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
MX2009005532A MX2009005532A (es) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | Metodo para producir esteres de acido carboxilico polimerizable que tienen grupos alcoxi. |
EP07857240A EP2102143A1 (de) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerisierbaren carbonsäureestern mit alkoxygruppen |
US12/516,628 US20100069532A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | Process for preparing polymerizable carboxylic esters with alkoxy groups |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06125742 | 2006-12-08 | ||
EP06125742.4 | 2006-12-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008068213A1 true WO2008068213A1 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
Family
ID=39253988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/063127 WO2008068213A1 (de) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerisierbaren carbonsäureestern mit alkoxygruppen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100069532A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2102143A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5328667B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20090096514A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101553458A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2669954A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2009005532A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008068213A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011069931A1 (de) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Basf Se | Formulierung von lichtempfindlichen pestiziden und uv-absorber haltigen kammpolymeren |
JP2012513524A (ja) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-06-14 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | ポリ(トリメチレンエーテル)グリコールのアクリル酸エステルおよびメタクリル酸エステルを製造する方法 |
US8859686B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymethacrylic acid anhydride telomers |
US9045575B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2015-06-02 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymethacrylic acid anhydride telomers |
US9365657B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-06-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Small particle size telomers of methacrylic acid or anhydride |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5160150B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-26 | 2013-03-13 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | エステル化物の製造方法及びセメント分散剤 |
CN103553920A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-02-05 | 上海维凯化学品有限公司 | 苯氧基苄基丙烯酸酯的制备方法 |
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EP0989108A2 (de) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-03-29 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von veresterten Verbindungen |
EP1090901A2 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-11 | Takemoto Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Polyätherestermonomers und Zementdispergiermittel |
US20020087028A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2002-07-04 | Tsuyoshi Hirata | Method for production of esterified product and apparatus therefor |
WO2005049544A1 (de) * | 2003-11-22 | 2005-06-02 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Verfahren zur veresterung von alkoholen mit olefinisch ungesättigten carbonsäuren |
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JP3874917B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-09 | 2007-01-31 | 花王株式会社 | (メタ)アクリル酸系重合体の製造方法 |
JP3390382B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-18 | 2003-03-24 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エステル化物の製造方法 |
DE19957177A1 (de) * | 1999-11-27 | 2001-08-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserlöslichen Polymerisaten von Estern aus ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und Polyalkylenglykolen |
FR2807045B1 (fr) * | 2000-03-31 | 2004-02-27 | Atofina | Copolymeres acryliques hydrosolubles et leur utilisation comme fluidifiants ou dispersants |
DE10339633A1 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrylsäure und (Meth)acrylsäureestern |
DE102004042799A1 (de) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Poly-(C2-C4-alkylenglykol)-mono(meth)acrylsäureestern |
DE102005033518A1 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von carboxylathaltigen Polymeren als Additive in keramischen Massen |
DE102005053019A1 (de) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Basf Ag | Kammpolymere und deren Verwendung als Additive für Zubereitungen mineralischer Bindemittel |
DE102005057896A1 (de) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-14 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Kammpolymeren als Mahlhilfsmittel für zementhaltige Zubereitungen |
-
2007
- 2007-12-03 JP JP2009539718A patent/JP5328667B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-03 US US12/516,628 patent/US20100069532A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-03 CN CNA2007800447598A patent/CN101553458A/zh active Pending
- 2007-12-03 EP EP07857240A patent/EP2102143A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-03 CA CA002669954A patent/CA2669954A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-03 KR KR1020097014170A patent/KR20090096514A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-03 MX MX2009005532A patent/MX2009005532A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-03 WO PCT/EP2007/063127 patent/WO2008068213A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
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EP0989108A2 (de) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-03-29 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von veresterten Verbindungen |
US20020087028A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2002-07-04 | Tsuyoshi Hirata | Method for production of esterified product and apparatus therefor |
EP1090901A2 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-11 | Takemoto Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Polyätherestermonomers und Zementdispergiermittel |
WO2005049544A1 (de) * | 2003-11-22 | 2005-06-02 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Verfahren zur veresterung von alkoholen mit olefinisch ungesättigten carbonsäuren |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012513524A (ja) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-06-14 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | ポリ(トリメチレンエーテル)グリコールのアクリル酸エステルおよびメタクリル酸エステルを製造する方法 |
WO2011069931A1 (de) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Basf Se | Formulierung von lichtempfindlichen pestiziden und uv-absorber haltigen kammpolymeren |
US9045575B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2015-06-02 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymethacrylic acid anhydride telomers |
US9365657B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-06-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Small particle size telomers of methacrylic acid or anhydride |
US9499642B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-11-22 | Rohm And Haas Company | Small particle size hypophosphite telomers of unsaturated carboxylic acids |
US8859686B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymethacrylic acid anhydride telomers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2009005532A (es) | 2009-06-05 |
JP5328667B2 (ja) | 2013-10-30 |
US20100069532A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
KR20090096514A (ko) | 2009-09-10 |
JP2010511760A (ja) | 2010-04-15 |
CN101553458A (zh) | 2009-10-07 |
CA2669954A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP2102143A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
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