WO2008050762A1 - Elément optique pour multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique, et multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique - Google Patents

Elément optique pour multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique, et multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008050762A1
WO2008050762A1 PCT/JP2007/070642 JP2007070642W WO2008050762A1 WO 2008050762 A1 WO2008050762 A1 WO 2008050762A1 JP 2007070642 W JP2007070642 W JP 2007070642W WO 2008050762 A1 WO2008050762 A1 WO 2008050762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
demultiplexer
light
monomer
multiplexer
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2007/070642
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Naoshi Ozawa
Kyoji Kitamura
Yasunari Okada
Hideki Yamane
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Omron Corporation
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Omron Corporation, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. filed Critical Omron Corporation
Publication of WO2008050762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008050762A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0012—Arrays characterised by the manufacturing method
    • G02B3/0031—Replication or moulding, e.g. hot embossing, UV-casting, injection moulding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
    • C08F22/10—Esters
    • C08F22/12—Esters of phenols or saturated alcohols
    • C08F22/20—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
    • G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
    • G02B6/29365—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels in a multireflection configuration, i.e. beam following a zigzag path between filters or filtering operations
    • G02B6/29367—Zigzag path within a transparent optical block, e.g. filter deposited on an etalon, glass plate, wedge acting as a stable spacer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
    • G02B6/3582—Housing means or package or arranging details of the switching elements, e.g. for thermal isolation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/008—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, and in particular, a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radical polymerizable group is an essential component, and changes in refractive index and light spread due to temperature changes in the use environment are small.
  • the present invention relates to an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer with low insertion loss. Background art
  • optical communication using an optical fiber cable as a signal transmission medium has been developed until it can be used in each home, and wavelength multiplex transmission in which optical signals having different wavelengths are multiplexed and transmitted through a single optical fiber.
  • the expansion of communication networks using this method is progressing.
  • development of an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that multiplexes multiple optical signals with different wavelengths and demultiplexes wavelength-multiplexed optical signals for each wavelength is underway.
  • optical multiplexer / demultiplexers such as an interference film filter type, a directional coupler type, and an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating type. Therefore, an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer has been developed in which an optical element is arranged between the optical input / output means such as an optical fiber and the wavelength selection element for the purpose of changing the direction of the light beam (Patent Documents 1 and 2). .
  • a typical method for producing the optical element is a stamper method in which a mold (stamper) is pressed against an uncured resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin, and the resin is cured by irradiating the mold with ultraviolet rays.
  • the stamper method is widely used because it can be molded at a lower temperature than the glass molding method, so that the mold transfer accuracy is high and the number of elements that can be created at one time is large.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Published Patent Publication “Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-206057 (Publication Date: July 22, 2004)”
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Published Patent Publication “Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-241006 (Publication Date: August 27, 2003)”
  • the resin optical element has a temperature change of the refractive index compared to the glass optical element. There is a problem that the optical characteristics are large and easily change. That is, the stamper method has the advantages as described above.
  • the resin optical element manufactured by the method has an optical axis of the incident / exit luminous flux due to the temperature change of the refractive index when the temperature of the use environment changes. Since the direction changes and the insertion loss of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is likely to deteriorate, there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure sufficient optical characteristics in the operating temperature range.
  • the lens can bend the optical axis direction of incoming and outgoing light.
  • the bending of the optical axis of outgoing light with respect to the optical axis of incident light In a lens that is controlled so that the bend angle becomes a desired angle (hereinafter referred to as “tilt lens”), not only the direction of the optical axis but also the spread of light changes due to temperature changes. For this reason, it was impossible to obtain sufficient optical characteristics with a resin tilt lens made by the stamper method.
  • Nano-sized inorganic fine particles are added, so-called nanocomposites (for example, Patent 03615784, JP 2002-303701). No., JP-A-2005-298717, JP-A-2006-160779) and organic-inorganic hybrids (for example, JP-A-2003-172802, JP-A-2004-196946) have been proposed. Les.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the insertion loss due to the small change in refractive index and the spread of light accompanying the temperature change in the use environment.
  • the object is to provide an optical element for a wave.
  • a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radical polymerizable group as an essential component changes in the temperature of the usage environment.
  • the inventors have found that it is possible to realize the characteristics that the change in refractive index and the spread of light accompanying this are small and the insertion loss is small, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that can bend the optical axis direction of incoming and outgoing light and can control the focal length. It is characterized by comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having a skeleton and a radical polymerizable group as essential components.
  • a polymer having an adamantane skeleton is excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength (for example, JP-A-63-307844) and has a small dimensional change in molecule accompanying a change in environmental temperature. Furthermore, it has excellent optical properties and is highly useful as a material for optical device members. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to provide an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that has a small change in refractive index and a spread of light accompanying a change in temperature of the use environment and a small insertion loss.
  • the radical polymerizable group has a general formula
  • the monomer has two or more of the functional groups in one molecule.
  • the number of functional groups and the length of the molecular chain between the adamantane skeleton and the attalyloyl group are determined by the temperature.
  • the refractive index of the cured resin due to the change it is adjusted to an appropriate state. Therefore, the refractive index changes and the light It is possible to provide an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that has a smaller insertion loss than a smaller spread.
  • the monomer has 2 functional groups in which p + (q + r + l) X s in the general formula (1) is 1 in 2 molecules.
  • a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radically polymerizable group has optical properties such as a change in refractive index with a change in temperature and a small light spread, and also facilitates molding using a stamper method. It is preferably liquid at normal temperature.
  • the monomer (A) has the highest optical characteristics but has a high melting point, and the optical characteristics are slightly inferior to those of the monomer (A), but the melting point is low! Since it becomes a mixture, it can be set as the monomer which made the said optical characteristic and solution property compatible. Therefore, it is possible to provide an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that can be easily manufactured and has a low insertion loss.
  • the resin cured product is polymerized by a photo radical polymerization method and / or a thermal radical polymerization method! .
  • the monomer can be efficiently polymerized to produce a cured resin having a desired degree of polymerization. Therefore, it can contribute to the production efficiency improvement of the optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers according to the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned resin cured product is molded by a stamper method.
  • the optical element produced by the conventional stamper method has a problem that the optical characteristics are easily changed.
  • the cured resin is obtained by polymerizing the monomer having the chemical structure as described above. Therefore, the spread of light is small when the refractive index change with temperature change is small. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that can sufficiently ensure the optical characteristics in the operating temperature range while maximizing the characteristics of the stamper method that is easy to manufacture. it can.
  • the optical element for the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is provided between the light input / output means and the wavelength selection element.
  • the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer in which the optical element for the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is provided between the light input / output means and the wavelength selection element transmits each wavelength selection element by the optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer (tilt lens).
  • the optical axis of each light is converted into the optical axis of the light input / output means, or the optical axis of the light input / output means is converted into the optical axis of the light transmitted through each wavelength selection element.
  • the waver can be reduced in size (Patent Document 2).
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention has a small change in refractive index and a spread of light due to a temperature change as described above, the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is small in size and inserted. It can be an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer with low loss, and can contribute to the realization of highly accurate optical communication.
  • FIG. 1 As an example of an interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer to which an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is applied, an interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer in a plane passing through the core of an optical fiber. It is a schematic sectional view showing a cross section.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an optical path in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 100 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view for explaining the shape of an inclined lens.
  • FIG. 3 (b) is a front view illustrating the shape of the tilt lens.
  • FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing a process of molding a cured resin by a stamper method.
  • the refractive index of the cured resin used in Example 1 at a wavelength of 1310 nm is from 25 ° C. to 100
  • An optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer capable of adjusting a bending angle of an optical axis of outgoing light with respect to an optical axis of incident light and capable of controlling a focal length. It consists of a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having a skeleton and a radical polymerizable group as essential components. Since a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radically polymerizable group is an essential component, the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention has a small change in refractive index and light spread due to temperature changes in the use environment. It can be set as the optical element for optical multiplexers / demultiplexers with little loss. Therefore, first, the present invention The chemical composition of the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention will be described.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer comprises a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radical polymerizable group as essential components.
  • the adamantane skeleton is a hydrocarbon having a structure in which ten carbon atoms are bonded together in the same arrangement as that of diamond carbon.
  • the "monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radically polymerizable group” means that one adamantane skeleton is substituted and at least one hydrogen of the adamantane skeleton is substituted with a radically polymerizable group! / Check the structural unit.
  • the position where hydrogen is replaced in the adamantane skeleton is not particularly limited, but the 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-positions are easily replaced in terms of the three-dimensional structure.
  • the number of hydrogen atoms to be substituted is not particularly limited, and at least one hydrogen should be replaced with a radical polymerizable group.
  • the radical polymerizable group is not particularly limited, but includes a (meth) atta leuanol group, a (meth) atta yloxy group, a (meth) acrylamide group, a bur group (an allyl group and a methanol group). ), Ethur group, isopropenyl group, butyl ether group, vinyl thioether group, vinyl ketone group, butyl ester group, butyl amino group, and the like.
  • the types of the respective radical polymerization groups may all be the same, or may be all different, or part of them are the same. And some of them are different!
  • the adamantane skeleton and the radical polymerizable group may be directly connected to each other, or one O, one CH O—,-(CH) O, one (CH) O, ten ( CH) O—,
  • the type of the radical polymerizable group is not particularly limited, and among them, the general formula (1)
  • the upper limit of p + (q + r + 1) X s is 3. It is particularly preferred that the above monomer, which is preferably a functional group represented by), has two or more such functional groups in one molecule.
  • the optical element made of the cured product may be deformed in a heat treatment at the time of manufacturing the multiplexer / demultiplexer or a high temperature environment at the time of use.
  • the upper limit is not particularly specified, but when the number of functional groups increases, unreacted functional groups remain in the cured product and immediately unreacted functional groups remain at high temperatures.
  • the upper limit is preferably 4 and more preferably 3 because there is a risk of decomposition at high temperatures and high humidity.
  • the radical polymerizable group is a functional group represented by the general formula (1), and the monomer is
  • Examples of the compound having two or more functional groups in one molecule include compounds represented by the following general formula (3).
  • Y represents a methyl group
  • m is an integer of 0 to 2
  • n is an integer of 2 to 4.
  • R represents H or CH
  • the compound represented by the general formula (3) include 1,3-adamantanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3,5-adamantanetri-age-noretri (meth) acrylate, 1,3 , 5, 7 adamantanetetraol tetra (meth) atarylate, 1,3-adamantane dimethanone norge (meth) acrylate, 1,3,5-adadamantanetrimethanol tri (meth) acrylate, 1,3,5,7 Adamantanetetramethanol tetra (meth) atalylate, 1,3-adadamantanediethanol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3,5-adamantanetriethanol tri (meth) atalyte 1, 3, 5, 7-adamantanetetraethanol tetra (meth) acrylate, 1,
  • the radical polymerizable group is a group represented by the general formula (1)
  • p + (q + r + 1) X s is an integer, the upper limit is 3, and the lower limit is 1.
  • p + (q + r + 1) X s is a parameter that represents the length of the molecular chain between the adamantane skeleton and the radical polymerizable group.
  • the optical characteristics become insufficient. That is, the above parameter is either 1, 2 or 3.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer having a smaller insertion loss and a smaller refractive index change and light spread accompanying temperature change. Therefore, it is preferable that the content of the functional group having the above parameter 1 is high in terms of optical characteristics.
  • the melting point of the monomer tends to be higher as the content of the functional group having the parameter 1 is higher, in order to perform molding by the stamper method when the content of the functional group having the parameter 1 is higher. Heating may be required.
  • the monomer has p + (q + r + l) X s of 1 in the general formula (1).
  • an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer having both sufficient optical characteristics and a melting point that can be easily molded by a stamper method. Can provide the power.
  • the content of the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) is not particularly limited as long as it is within the above range.
  • the monomer ( Monomer (A) preferably contains 1% to 60% by weight of A) and preferably contains 40% to 99% by weight of monomer (B). More preferably, the monomer (B) is contained in an amount of 60% by weight to 99% by weight.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer comprises a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radically polymerizable group as essential components. .
  • the resin composition refers to a composition that contains the monomer as an essential component and is capable of radical polymerization.
  • the phrase “having a monomer as an essential component” means that a monomer may be included as a structural unit. Therefore, the resin composition may contain an oligomer or polymer in which a monomer is polymerized. Examples of components other than the monomer include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator.
  • a monomer having a radical polymerization group having no adamantane skeleton a polymerization inhibitor, a polymerization accelerator, an antifoaming agent, a light stabilizer, a heat stabilizer, a leveling agent, a coupling agent, an antistatic agent. It may contain a small amount of additives such as agents.
  • the resin cured product is a polymer obtained by polymerizing the resin composition.
  • the method for polymerizing the resin composition is not particularly limited, but a radical reaction is used. Since a polymer can be efficiently produced in a chain manner, a photo radical polymerization method and / or a thermal radical polymerization method are preferably used.
  • the photopolymerization initiator used in the photoradical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and is a commonly used photopolymerization initiator, that is, acetophenones, benzophenones, diacetyls, benzyls, Benzoin, benzoin ethers, benzyldimethylketanols, benzoylbenzoates, hydroxyphenyl ketones, carbonyl compound photopolymerization initiators such as aminophenyl ketones, thiuram sulfides, thixanthones, etc.
  • Organic sulfur compound-based photopolymerization initiators, organophosphorus compound-based photopolymerization initiators such as isylphosphinic acid esters, and the like can be used.
  • photopolymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • lucillin TPO is used as a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the blending ratio of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.5% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less with respect to 100% by weight of the resin composition. If the blending ratio is less than 0.5% by weight, the photocurability is insufficient, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the curing reaction becomes too rapid and adversely affects the physical properties of the cured product.
  • the thermal polymerization initiator used in the thermal radical polymerization method is a thermal polymerization initiator that decomposes by heat to generate radicals, and has a thermal decomposition temperature of about 30 ° C or higher, preferably about 60 ° C or higher. These thermal polymerization initiators are used.
  • the thermal polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but the use of an organic peroxide that does not purify by-products such as gas and water is particularly suitable.
  • a thermal polymerization initiator having a thermal decomposition temperature of less than about 30 ° C is not preferable because the cured resin becomes unstable.
  • the organic peroxide is not particularly limited. Alkyl or aryl hydrocarbons, dihydric or diaryl peroxides, alkyl peroxy acids and esters thereof, diacyl peroxides Conventional organic peroxides such as ketones and peroxides can be used. These thermal polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the blending ratio of the thermal polymerization initiator is 0.5 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less, preferably 1 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less with respect to 100 wt% of the resin composition.
  • Mixing ratio is 0.5 weight If it is less than 5%, the thermosetting property is insufficient, and if it exceeds 5% by weight, the curing reaction becomes so rapid that it adversely affects the physical properties of the cured resin.
  • the photopolymerization initiator and the thermal polymerization initiator may be used singly or in combination. When used in combination, the blending ratio is as described above.
  • the radical photopolymerization is generally performed by irradiating the compound with ultraviolet rays.
  • Examples of the ultraviolet light source include an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a carbon arc lamp, and a xenon lamp, and the use of a high pressure mercury lamp or a metal halide lamp is preferable.
  • the amount of ultraviolet irradiation is not particularly limited, is preferably lOOOmJ / cm 2 or more 10000 mJ / cm 2 or less.
  • thermal radical polymerization when an organic peroxide is used as a thermal polymerization initiator, curing is performed by heating to a temperature higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic peroxide. Therefore, although the heating temperature depends on the type of organic peroxide to be combined, the heating time is usually from 10 minutes to 60 minutes.
  • thermosetting is performed by heating to complete the curing. Is generally. Since photocuring is superior to heat curing in terms of handleability and curing speed, it is preferable to employ photocuring in the present invention.
  • the cured state of the cured film after photocuring and / or heat curing can be measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer or a photochemical reaction calorimeter, so that the curing conditions under which the cured resin is completely cured Can be selected as appropriate.
  • a conventionally known method such as a selective polymerization method, a photolithographic 1 + RIE method, a direct exposure method, a bleach method, a stamper method, or the like can be used.
  • the stamper method is particularly preferably used because of its low productivity and low cost.
  • FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing a process of molding the resin cured product by a stamper method.
  • the inclined lenses 8a to 8e light
  • the stamper 3 having the reverse pattern of the optical element for the multiplexer / demultiplexer is pressed ((b) in FIG. 4).
  • photocuring and / or heat curing is performed ((c) in FIG. 4), and the substrate is removed to complete the inclined lens array 4 that is a molded resin cured product (FIG. 4).
  • a transparent substrate such as a glass plate is used when photocuring is performed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) as an example of an interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) to which the optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is applied.
  • It is a schematic sectional drawing which showed the cross section in the surface which passes along the core 5 of optical fiber (light input / output means) 5a-5f, Comprising: The mode of a demultiplexing or multiplexing is demonstrated. That is, FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
  • the interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) 100 includes a plurality of wavelength selection elements 10a to 10d and light reflecting surfaces 12 having different transmission wavelength ranges.
  • the light guide block 11 that guides light while reflecting light between the light reflecting surface 12 and each of the wavelength selection elements 10a to 10d and combines or demultiplexes light having different wavelengths.
  • optical fibers 5a to 5f for transmitting light of a plurality of wavelengths, and the optical axis directions of the light transmitted through the wavelength selection elements 10a to 10d are respectively optical fibers 5a to 5f (light input / output means) is converted parallel to the optical axis direction, or light parallel to the optical axis direction of optical fibers 5a to 5f (light input / output means) is transmitted through the wavelength selection elements 10a to 10d, respectively.
  • the I bar 5 a to 5 f each wavelength selector.
  • the tilt lenses (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e bend the optical axis direction of incoming / outgoing light (the direction in which the light beam passes through the center of the cross section of the light beam is called the optical axis direction of the light). It is a lens that can control the focal length.
  • optical input / output means an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a light emitting element such as a semiconductor laser element, a light receiving element such as a photodiode, or the like is used.
  • a wavelength selection element an interference film filter, a diffraction element such as a diffraction grating or a CGH element, or the like can be used.
  • the operation of the tilt lens (optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) is first described. Will be explained.
  • the above-mentioned “bending the optical axis direction of the incoming and outgoing light” refers to controlling the bending angle of the optical axis of the outgoing light with respect to the optical axis of the incident light to be a desired angle!
  • the optical axis direction of the light transmitted through each wavelength selection element is converted in parallel with the optical axis direction of the optical fiber (light input / output means), or the optical axis of the optical fiber (light input / output means). This means that the light parallel to the direction is converted into the optical axis direction of the light transmitted through each wavelength selection element.
  • the interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) 100 has an optical fiber 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f (light input / output means) arranged in parallel at a constant pitch without gaps.
  • the mirror layer 12 is a layer made of a dielectric multilayer film or a metal deposited film having a high reflectivity.
  • the inclined lens array 7, the light guide block 11, and the mirror layer 12 are arranged so as to be parallel to each other.
  • Optical fibers 5a to 5f in the connector 6 (light input / output means) are tilted lens arrays
  • the thickness of the tilt lens array 7 is such that light emitted from the end faces of the optical fibers 5a to 5f (light input / output means) is incident on the tilt lenses (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e. It is determined as follows.
  • the incident angle to the interface with the clad must be an angle greater than the total reflection angle. Since the incident angle to the clad interface is limited in this way, the direction of light emission from the end of the core and the extent of spread are naturally determined.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an optical path in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 100 of the present invention, where L1 is a tilt plane (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e, L2 is the surface of the mirror layer 19 ( L3 is a mirror image of the lens main plane L1 with respect to the mirror plane L2. As shown in Fig.
  • the inclined lens (optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) 8a bends the optical axis direction of light after the light emitted from the optical fiber 5a is incident on the lens principal plane Ll (inclined lens 8a). It is desirable that the lens be shaped so that it is emitted as parallel light.
  • the degree of bending of light in the optical axis direction is desirably an optimal angle of 10 ° or less.
  • the incident angle on the mirror surface L2 is the force S that becomes the incident angle on the wavelength selective filter 10a to 10d as it is, and if this angle is too large, the difference in transmittance due to the incident angle of P-polarized light and S-polarized light! /, ( As the wavelength-dependent loss increases, the properties of the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 that has passed through the wavelength selective filter and the light of wavelength ⁇ before transmission will change. In other words, the reproducibility of light is poor.
  • the angle of incidence on the mirror surface L2 is an optimal angle of 10 ° or less.
  • the degree of bending of light in the optical axis direction is determined by the refractive index and the curved surface shape of the tilt lens.
  • ⁇ refractive index on the incident side
  • ⁇ refractive index on the outgoing side
  • ⁇ angle between the normal of the lens surface and the incident light
  • ⁇ the angle between the normal of the lens surface and the outgoing light). Determined the lens material or refractive index
  • the curved surface shape is determined by determining the normal line at any point on the lens surface so that the optical axis (the center of the cross section of the light beam) is oriented in a desired direction.
  • the tilt lens (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical element) 8b is configured such that the light emitted from the tilt lens (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical element) 8a is reflected by the mirror surface L2 and enters obliquely from below.
  • the shape be such that the optical axis direction of the light is bent and efficiently coupled to the optical fiber 5c (light input / output means).
  • the inclined lenses 8b to 8e optical elements for the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer
  • the optical elements 8b to 8e may be made to have the same shape by using a collimator lens, or may be made to have different shapes by using a condensing lens so as to obtain an optimum focal length.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that can adjust the bending angle of the optical axis of the outgoing light with respect to the optical axis of the incident light and that can control the focal length. is there. That is, it has a light deflecting function that bends the optical axis of light and a collimating function or a condensing function that functions as a lens.
  • the optical fiber 5a (light input / output means) is emitted, and the inclined lens 8a (the lower region of the main plane L1 below the optical fiber 5a).
  • Each component is formed and disposed so as to be incident on the tilted lens 8b (the region below the optical fiber 5c in the main plane L1) that is transmitted through the mirror and reflected by the mirror surface L2.
  • the arrangement of the tilt lenses (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical elements) 8a to 8e is determined by the arrangement of the optical fibers 5a to 5f (light input / output means), and further, the tilt lenses (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical elements). ) If the angle of incidence on the mirror surface L2 is also determined from the shape of 8a! /, As shown in Fig.
  • FIG. 3A is a plan view for explaining the shape of the tilt lens (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical element), and FIG. 3B is a plan view of the tilt lens (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical element). It is a front view explaining a shape.
  • the tilt lenses 8a to 8e satisfying the above requirements are shown in a top view in FIG. 3 (a) and in a front view in FIG. 3 (b) at a position off the optical axis of the aspheric lens 13. It can be obtained by cutting aspherical lens 13 force into a circular shape.
  • an inclined lens array 7 having such inclined lenses (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e on the surface is formed by adding an inclined lens (optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to the cured resin of the present invention. It can be easily molded by a stamper method or the like in which a stamper having a reverse pattern of ⁇ 8e is pressed and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the resin. The stamper method is as described above.
  • the tilt lenses (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e and the spacers 9a and 9b can be used simultaneously. Can be formed. Inclined lenses (optical elements for optical multiplexer / demultiplexers) 8a to 8e and spacers 9a and 9b can be formed at the same time, rather than attaching individually created spacers 9a and 9b to the inclined lens array 7. In addition, the positional accuracy of the inclined lenses (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical elements) 8a to 8e and the wavelength selection filters 10a to 10d can be improved.
  • the interference film filter type multiplexer / demultiplexer (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the tilt lens (optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) 8a the optical axis is bent, and the mirror Reflect at 12.
  • light having a wavelength that can pass through the wavelength selection filter 1 Oa proceeds to the tilt lens 8b, and the optical axis is bent, and the light is guided to the optical fiber 5c (light input / output means).
  • the light reflected without passing through the wavelength selection filter 10a is reflected again by the mirror 12 and guided to the wavelength selection filter 10b.
  • the light having a wavelength that can pass through the wavelength selection filter 10b is also an inclined lens (optical multiplexer / demultiplexer optical Element) Bent at 8c and guided to optical fiber 5d (optical input / output means). Thereafter, by repeating the same phenomenon, light of different wavelengths is guided to the optical fibers 5e and 5f (light input / output means), and the demultiplexing is completed.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer comprises a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing an adamantane skeleton and a monomer having a radical polymerizable group as essential components. It shows the characteristic that the insertion loss is small because the refractive index change and the light spread with the temperature change of the usage environment are small. It is a finding obtained for the first time by the present invention that the cured resin has such characteristics and has an excellent effect as an inclined lens used in an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. In other words, this knowledge makes it possible for the first time to provide a tilt lens that ensures sufficient optical characteristics in the operating temperature range even when the stamper method is used.
  • a resin cured product was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of 1,3-adamantanedimethanol diatalylate (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) with 3 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator Lucillin TPO (manufactured by BASF).
  • the cured resin was applied to 20 am thick on a glass substrate, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultraviolet ultraviolet irradiation amount in the glass surface was cured by irradiation until 7500 mJ / cm 2.
  • the refractive index of the resin cured product at a wavelength of 1310 nm was measured in the range of 25 ° C to 100 ° C using a prism coupler (product of Metricon). From the slope of the straight line obtained by plotting the relationship between temperature and refractive index, the temperature dependence of refractive index ⁇ / ⁇ was obtained.
  • an inclined lens was molded by a stamper method by the method shown in FIG. Specifically, several g of the cured resin was applied on a glass substrate and pressed with a stamper having a reverse pattern on the surface. While maintaining the pressure, the cured resin was cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the glass substrate side with a high-pressure mercury lamp until the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount on the glass surface reached 7500 mj / cm 2 . Thereafter, the pressing was released, the stamper was released from the cured product, and an inclined lens array was obtained.
  • the obtained tilted lens was mounted on the multiplexer / demultiplexer having the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the intensity of light from a light source (not shown) before entering the multiplexer / demultiplexer and the intensity of light incident on the multiplexer / demultiplexer from the optical fiber 5a and emitted from the optical fiber 5f are respectively shown in FIG.
  • the measurement was performed at a wavelength of 1310 nm and temperatures of 25 ° C and 85 ° C.
  • the difference ⁇ IL in the optical insertion loss between 25 ° C and 85 ° C was 0.45dB.
  • Example 2 The same examination as in Example 1 was conducted except that 1,3-adamantane diethanolate diatalylate (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 1,3-adamantane dimethanorenoate tartrate.
  • the temperature dependence of refractive index ⁇ / ⁇ was –9.
  • LXlCT ⁇ K— 1 The difference AIL between the optical input loss at 25 ° C and 85 ° C was 0.64 dB.
  • a resin composition was obtained by mixing 70 parts by weight of 1,3-adamantane dimethanol diatalate, 30 parts by weight of 1,3-adamantane diacetalate (Idemitsu Kosan) and 03 parts by weight of lucillin TP.
  • the same examination as in Example 1 was performed.
  • the temperature dependence of refractive index ⁇ / ⁇ was 5 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 10_ 5 ( ⁇ 1 ).
  • the difference in light insertion loss between 25 ° C and 85 ° C AIL was 0.3 8dB.
  • Example 2 The same examination as in Example 1 was carried out except that dimethylololepropane trisicyldecane ditalylate (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 1,3-adamantane dimethanone regioate tartrate.
  • Example 2 The same examination as in Example 1 was conducted, except that 1,3-bis (attalylooxyethoxy) adamantane (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 1,3-adamantane dimethanol diatalate.
  • the radix is 2.
  • [0091] [Comparative Example 3]
  • Example 2 The same examination as in Example 1 was carried out except that 2-methyl-2-adamantyl tantalate (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was used instead of 1,3-adamantanedimethanol diatalate.
  • 2-Methyl-2-adamantyl atylate is p + (q + r + l)
  • X s l in the general formula (1), and the number of functional groups in one molecule of the monomer as a constituent unit is one.
  • the temperature dependence ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ of the refractive index was ⁇ 10.
  • AX ICT ⁇ K— 1 The difference in optical input loss A IL between 25 ° C and 85 ° C was 0 ⁇ 76 dB.
  • the optical element for optical multiplexer / demultiplexer can adjust the bending angle of the optical axis of the emitted light with respect to the optical axis of the incident light and can control the focal length.
  • a functional optical element comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing a monomer having an adamantane skeleton and a radical polymerizable group as essential components.
  • the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is an optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer capable of bending the optical axis direction of incident / exited light and controlling the focal length. And a cured resin product obtained by polymerizing a resin composition containing an adamantane skeleton and a monomer having a radical polymerizable group as essential components. Therefore, it is possible to realize the characteristics that the refractive index changes with the temperature change of the usage environment and the light spread is small and the insertion loss is small. Therefore, the optical element for an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is mounted on the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. It can be suitably used as an inclined lens to be mounted, and can be widely applied to the information and communication industries.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément optique pour un multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique qui peut fléchir la direction de l'axe de la lumière qui entre et sort et peut contrôler la longueur focale. L'élément optique pour un multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique est formé d'un produit durci de résine produit en polymérisant une composition de résine comprenant un monomère ayant un squelette d'adamantane et contenant un groupe polymérisable radical en tant que composant indispensable. Lors d'un changement dans l'environnement d'utilisation, l'élément optique pour un multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique subit un changement significatif de l'indice de réfraction et ne subit pas de changement significatif de l'étalement de lumière, ni ne présente de perte d'insertion significative.
PCT/JP2007/070642 2006-10-25 2007-10-23 Elément optique pour multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique, et multiplexeur/démultiplexeur optique WO2008050762A1 (fr)

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JP2006290310A JP2008107568A (ja) 2006-10-25 2006-10-25 光合分波器用光学素子および光合分波器
JP2006-290310 2006-10-25

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000119220A (ja) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-25 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd 不飽和カルボン酸アダマンチルエステル類の製造法
JP2001131138A (ja) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-15 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd アダマンタン誘導体及びその製造法
JP2002040283A (ja) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-06 Hitachi Cable Ltd 光デバイス及びその製造方法
JP2004059822A (ja) * 2002-07-31 2004-02-26 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 光硬化性樹脂、光硬化性樹脂組成物、微細凹凸パターン形成方法、転写箔、光学物品及びスタンパー
JP2005338780A (ja) * 2004-04-28 2005-12-08 Omron Corp マイクロレンズ
JP2006106290A (ja) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-20 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd 防眩性フィルム

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000119220A (ja) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-25 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd 不飽和カルボン酸アダマンチルエステル類の製造法
JP2001131138A (ja) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-15 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd アダマンタン誘導体及びその製造法
JP2002040283A (ja) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-06 Hitachi Cable Ltd 光デバイス及びその製造方法
JP2004059822A (ja) * 2002-07-31 2004-02-26 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 光硬化性樹脂、光硬化性樹脂組成物、微細凹凸パターン形成方法、転写箔、光学物品及びスタンパー
JP2005338780A (ja) * 2004-04-28 2005-12-08 Omron Corp マイクロレンズ
JP2006106290A (ja) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-20 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd 防眩性フィルム

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