WO2008014645A1 - Équipement de traitement de déchets de type à protection de l'environnement et à récupération de source d'énergie - Google Patents

Équipement de traitement de déchets de type à protection de l'environnement et à récupération de source d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008014645A1
WO2008014645A1 PCT/CN2006/003192 CN2006003192W WO2008014645A1 WO 2008014645 A1 WO2008014645 A1 WO 2008014645A1 CN 2006003192 W CN2006003192 W CN 2006003192W WO 2008014645 A1 WO2008014645 A1 WO 2008014645A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
pipe
furnace
flue gas
inlet pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/003192
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yuzhi Wang
Shuping Xu
Chaodong Wei
Original Assignee
Yuzhi Wang
Shuping Xu
Chaodong Wei
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuzhi Wang, Shuping Xu, Chaodong Wei filed Critical Yuzhi Wang
Publication of WO2008014645A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008014645A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly to an environmentally-friendly, energy-recycling type garbage disposal apparatus which treats various waste wastes after being treated and recovered, and the generated waste gas has been purified.
  • Biomass energy refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis. Bioenergy is an energy form in which solar energy is stored in the form of chemical energy, and biomass is the energy of the carrier. Biomass gasification refers to the use of flammable gases produced by anaerobic combustion using rods, branches, leaves, straw, chaff, industrial and agricultural, and municipal solid organic wastes of plants for various purposes.
  • biomass resources in the world such as fuelwood, agriculture and forestry crops, agricultural and forestry residues, food processing and forest products processing waste, and municipal solid waste.
  • the traditional utilization method is to burn biomass.
  • these practices not only have low heat rate, but also have high labor intensity and serious pollution.
  • the emission of soot and residual ash generated by combustion makes people's living and living environment worse and worse, seriously affecting people. Health, ecological, social and economic impacts.
  • the organic waste, organic waste, livestock manure and some agricultural wastes are not fully utilized, which not only causes waste of resources, but also makes it a major source of organic pollution. In addition to causing serious atmospheric and water pollution, it also emits A large amount of greenhouse gases exacerbate the global greenhouse effect.
  • landfill covers a large area releases harmful gases, pollutes groundwater, and brings Secondary pollution; complex composting process, high cost, low fertilizer efficiency, no market for composting products; low incineration temperature, easy formation of dioxin-like toxic substances, secondary pollution, huge investment, long construction period, operation and maintenance costs Oh, it's hard to keep running.
  • garbage is the only renewable resource in the world. It is not only a city's environmental protection issue, but also a very important sustainable development strategy that makes full use of resources. Summary of the invention
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an environmentally-friendly and energy-recycling garbage disposal device, which can recover the energy generated by various garbage wastes after being treated by the garbage disposal device, and the generated exhaust gas is purified, and the pollution is realized. emission. .
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An environmentally-friendly, energy-recovering garbage disposal device includes a furnace body, a top of the furnace body is provided with a feeding port and a bottom is provided with a slag outlet, and the furnace body is connected with a gas recovery device and a flue gas purification device, and the characteristics thereof
  • the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a gas port communicating with the gas recovery device and a flue gas port connected to the flue gas purification device, and the gas recovery device comprises a condenser, an oil separator, and a gas cabinet.
  • An oil storage tank one end of the condenser is connected to the gas port through a gas outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the oil and gas separator, the oil and gas separator is respectively connected to the gas cabinet and the oil storage tank, and the flue gas purification device is sequentially
  • a spray chiller and a shower are arranged, and a flue gas buffer box is arranged at the end of the flue gas purifying device, and the flue gas buffer box is connected to the bow fan or connected to the chimney through the bypass pipe.
  • the invention further comprises a spiral cigarette case arranged on the upper part of the furnace body, an electric material distributing device arranged in the furnace, a steam pipe, a secondary combustion fire pipe and an air inlet pipe, and an electric valve is arranged on the steam pipe and the air inlet pipe,
  • the spiral cigarette case is provided with a ring pipe, the ring pipe is provided with a hole, and the bottom of the spiral smoke box is provided with a tar outlet, the gas port and the flue gas port are arranged on the spiral cigarette case, and the gas port is provided with an electric valve.
  • the flue gas port is provided with an electric valve
  • the secondary combustion fire pipe is provided with an expansion fracture
  • the lower end thereof is provided with a filter hole
  • the steam pipe, the secondary combustion fire pipe and the upper end of the air inlet pipe are connected to the spiral cigarette case, and the lower end is connected Connected to the furnace.
  • the air inlet pipe is a primary air inlet pipe, a secondary air inlet pipe, and a third air inlet pipe.
  • the steam pipe and the first air inlet pipe are connected to the bottom of the furnace, and the secondary air inlet pipe is connected to the middle of the furnace, and the three inlet pipes are in the middle.
  • a lower portion of the secondary combustion fire tube, the secondary combustion fire tube is provided with a heat sink, and the furnace wall of the furnace body is provided with a high temperature brick and a temperatureproof brick from the inside to the outside, in the high temperature brick and the temperatureproof brick There is an insulation layer between them, and a porous wind belt is arranged in the furnace.
  • the electric material distributing device comprises a cone-shaped bulk material piece, a residual carbon splitter, a multi-tooth crushing turntable and a motor, the motor is installed at the bottom of the furnace body, a cone-shaped loose material piece, a residual carbon splitter, a multi-tooth broken turntable On the rotating shaft of the motor, a cooling water pipe is arranged on the rotating shaft, and a safety valve is arranged on the furnace body.
  • the secondary combustion fire tubes are four.
  • the tar outlet is connected to the bottom of the furnace body through a tar outlet pipe.
  • the oil separator and the gas cabinet are connected by a gas output pipe, and the oil separator and the gas cabinet are sequentially provided with a pressure gauge, an electric valve, an explosion-proof motor, a gas exhaust fan, an electric valve, a pressure gauge, and a gas cabinet, Oil and gas separator
  • the furnace is connected to the furnace of the furnace body through a gas inlet pipe, and the gas inlet furnace tube is provided with a gas electric valve.
  • the invention further includes a clean water tank, wherein the condenser is provided with a plurality of cooling crucibles, wherein the condenser is a cooling chamber, and one end of a condenser inlet pipe and a condenser outlet pipe are connected to the cooling chamber, and One end is connected to the clean water tank, and a water pump and a valve are arranged on the inlet pipe of the condenser, and a valve is arranged on the outlet pipe of the condenser.
  • the invention further comprises a lime milk pool, a lime milk circulation tank, a ash sump pool and a tar filter tank, the lime milk circulation tank connecting the ash slag pool and the tar filter tank, wherein the sprinkler is a middle sprinkler and a fine sprinkler
  • the first inlet pipe is connected to the lime milk circulation tank at one end, and the other end is connected to the spray chiller.
  • One end of the first outlet pipe is connected to the flue gas purification device, and the other end is connected to the lime milk circulation tank to form a milk circulation.
  • a water circulation circuit comprising a pool, a first inlet pipe, a flue gas purification device and a first outlet pipe, wherein the first inlet pipe is provided with a water pump and a valve, the first outlet pipe is provided with a valve, and the second inlet pipe is provided with one end Connecting the lime milk pool, the other end of which is connected to the middle sprinkler and the fine sprinkler respectively, the second outlet pipe is connected to the flue gas purifying device at one end, and the other end is connected to the lime milk circulating pool, and the second inlet pipe is provided with The water pump and the valve have valves on the second outlet pipe.
  • the invention further comprises a closed garbage room, which is provided with a feeding device for feeding the feeding port of the furnace body and a leachate storage pit, the feeding device is controlled by an automatic control device, and the electric device is provided at the end thereof.
  • a closed garbage room is connected to a single air inlet pipe provided at the bottom of the furnace body through an odor output pipe, and the closed garbage room is connected to the feed port through a leachate output pipe, and the odor gas output pipe is provided with electric
  • the valve and the leachate output pipe are provided with an electric valve.
  • the structure of the first, second, third air inlet pipe, the electric material distributing device and the secondary combustion fire pipe of the present invention changes the traditional garbage furnace, the fluidized bed furnace, the rotary kiln and the like in the past directly in the furnace
  • the complex process of internal combustion realizes the principle of anoxic pyrolysis gasification under the temperature of organic matter, so that the organic matter can be converted into combustible gas for maximum combustion, without adding additional auxiliary fuel, because it is oxygen-limited combustion, it is produced in the furnace.
  • the amount of flue gas is small, the flue gas is easy to handle, greatly reducing the investment and operating cost of garbage disposal, and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment, which is conducive to solving the problem of dealing with many garbage, low calorific value and complex composition in China;
  • the secondary combustion fire tube of the present invention cooperates with the air inlet pipe introduced from the upper spiral smoke box, so that the garbage waste entering the furnace body is burned fiercely, the temperature is high, the gasification and combustion are thorough, and the biomass is greatly reduced.
  • the furnace body forms a reducing environment of anaerobic combustion, so a large amount of mixed gas can be generated in the furnace body, and a large amount of surplus gas can be recovered, thereby realizing resource utilization;
  • the spiral cigarette case of the present invention is a multi-stage annular tube, and each has a small hole, which effectively blocks the unburned tar of the fire tube, causes the tar to return to the furnace body, and is decomposed into a combustible gas, thereby reducing the tar.
  • the burden of downstream flue gas purification, It will not block the pipe, and it will be harmless and resourceful;
  • the spiral cigarette case, the secondary combustion fire tube and the heat sink of the present invention work together to fully utilize the large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion, and the biomass waste entering from the feed port is in the high-temperature spiral cigarette case,
  • the preheating, drying and pyrolysis pyrolysis in the furnace produce a large amount of combustible mixed gas in an oxygen-deficient environment, so that the effect of recycling the invention is more remarkable;
  • the secondary combustion fire tube and the air inlet tube of the invention cooperate to make the high temperature flue gas have a long residence time in the secondary combustion fire tube, completely decompose and burn off toxic and harmful components such as dioxins. Therefore, the present invention achieves a harmless treatment;
  • the electric material-dispensing device of the invention can stir, loosen, and invert the biomass residue falling into the bottom of the furnace, and burns with a limited amount of air to form a turbulent flow to accelerate combustion and gasification, thereby preventing the coking residue from accumulating the cake, and affecting
  • the whole gasification combustion realizes that the unburned temperature residual carbon and water vapor, tar and the like continue to participate in the gasification reduction reaction, further perfecting the effect of the invention, and the gasification efficiency of the invention is high, and no secondary pollution;
  • the present invention is provided with a gas recovery device for a condenser, an oil and gas separator, a gas cabinet and an oil storage tank, and condenses the condensable component of the combustible gas generated in the furnace body to obtain a crude fuel oil, which is stored in the oil storage.
  • the finished fuel is produced for use, and the components that are not condensed in the combustible gas are pumped into the gas cabinet for storage by the induced draft fan, and can be purified and obtained to obtain the finished gas, which can be recycled or used.
  • the present invention turns waste into waste and has significant resource utilization;
  • the invention is provided with a flue gas purifying device, which realizes a series of purifying processes such as cooling, dust removal and tar removal of the flue gas, and the spray chiller makes the flue gas of the flue gas outlet of about 800 ° C within 1 second. Reduced to about 100 °C, thus avoiding the re-generation of dioxin in the subsequent purification process, plus the medium spray and fine spray of lime milk, further removing traces of hydrogen chloride and sulfide from the flue gas. Harmful components such as smoke and dust, to achieve pollution-free emissions;
  • the induced draft fan of the present invention is placed in the flue gas quenching and purifying device, avoids clogging of the tar, and thermally intensifies the induced draft fan, thereby increasing the life of the induced draft fan, and is provided with a bypass pipe, even if the induced draft fan fails, It also does not affect the normal operation of the gasifier, so that the operating cost of the present invention is low.
  • the device is provided with a closed garbage storage pit and a feeding device, and the garbage is sent into the furnace body in a closed state, thereby avoiding the leakage of garbage odor and polluting the atmosphere, and the odor in the garbage is supplemented once in the furnace body.
  • Intake air, landfill leachate is all input into the furnace to participate in the gasification reaction, so that the garbage disposal site has no odor and no waste water discharge;
  • the furnace body, the feeding device, the gas recovery device and the flue gas purification device of the invention are all controlled by an automatic control device, which can realize automatic control of garbage feeding, combustion gasification, gas recovery, smoke emission, automatic out The entire operation of the slag is stable, safe and easy to operate.
  • the motor of the present invention is installed at the bottom of the furnace body and separated from the furnace body.
  • the electric material distributing device is all made of high temperature resistant 1800 ° C alloy steel, and the furnace body is made of 310S stainless steel. Therefore, the invention has long service life and convenient maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an environmentally-friendly and energy-recycling garbage disposal device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a furnace body of the environmental protection and energy recovery type garbage disposal device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the furnace body shown in Figure 2.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 3 it is a perspective view of the furnace body.
  • the feed port 16 is disposed at the top of the furnace body 1
  • the furnace 37 is in the furnace body 1
  • the slag tap 34 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 1
  • the furnace door 10 is disposed on the furnace body 1.
  • An environmentally-friendly, energy-recovering garbage disposal device includes a furnace body 1 having a feed port 16 at the top and a slag outlet 34 at the bottom, the furnace body 1 being connected to the gas recovery device 106, the smoke
  • the gas purifying device 75, the technical solution further comprises a spiral cigarette case 22 disposed at the upper portion of the furnace body 1, an electric material distributing device 28 disposed in the furnace 37, a steam pipe 2, four secondary combustion fire pipes 12, and three
  • the air ducts are respectively an air inlet duct 6, a secondary air inlet duct 7, and a third air inlet duct 8, wherein the steam pipe 2 is provided with an electric valve 36, and the primary air inlet duct 6 is provided with an electric valve.
  • the secondary air inlet pipe 7 is provided with an electric valve 14, and the third air inlet pipe 8 is provided with an electric valve 13, and the spiral cigarette case 22 is provided with an annular pipe 21, and the annular pipe 21 is provided with a hole, and the bottom of the spiral cigarette case 22
  • the tar outlet 20 is provided.
  • the tar outlet 20 is connected to the bottom of the furnace body 1 through a tar outlet pipe 73.
  • the tar outlet pipe 73 is provided with an electric valve 74.
  • the spiral cigarette case 22 is further provided with a gas port 17 and a flue gas port 18.
  • the gas port 17, the gas port 17 is provided with an electric valve 41, and the flue gas port 18 is provided with electric
  • the steam pipe 2, the primary air inlet pipe 6 is connected to the bottom 37 of the furnace, the secondary air inlet pipe 7 is connected to the middle of the furnace 37, the third air inlet pipe 8 is at the lower part of the secondary combustion fire pipe 12, and the secondary combustion fire pipe 12 is welded with heat dissipation.
  • the furnace 9 of the furnace body 1 is provided with a high-temperature brick 3 and a temperature-proof brick 5 from the inside to the outside, and an insulation layer 4 is arranged between the high-temperature brick 3 and the temperature-proof brick 5; the furnace 37 is also provided with a porous wind.
  • the belt 31 has a safety valve 19 mounted on the furnace body 1.
  • the electric dispensing device 28 includes a cone-shaped bulk material 24, a residual carbon separator 27, a multi-tooth crushing turntable 33, and a motor 35.
  • the motor 35 is mounted at the bottom of the furnace body 1, a cone-shaped bulk material 24, and a residual carbon separator 27.
  • the multi-tooth crushing turntable 33 is connected to the rotating shaft 38 of the motor 35, and the cooling water pipe 25 is mounted on the rotating shaft 38.
  • the gas recovery device 106 includes a condenser 44, an oil and gas separator 51, a gas cabinet 60, and an oil reservoir 62. As shown in FIG. 1, one end of the condenser 44 communicates with the gas port 17 through the gas output pipe 43, and the other end thereof communicates with the gas port The oil and gas separator 51, the oil and gas separator 51 respectively communicates with the gas cabinet 60 and the oil storage tank 62.
  • the flue gas purification device 75 is sequentially provided with a spray chiller 76 and a shower, at the end of the flue gas purification device 75.
  • a flue gas buffer tank 79 is provided. The flue gas buffer tank 79 is connected to the draft fan 80 or connected to the chimney 84 via a bypass pipe 82.
  • a motor 81 is disposed beside the draft fan 80, and a valve 83 is disposed on the bypass pipe 82.
  • the oil and gas separator 51 of the present technical solution and the gas cabinet 60 are connected through a gas output pipe 53.
  • the oil separator 56 and the gas cabinet 60 are sequentially provided with a pressure gauge 54, an electric valve 58, an explosion-proof motor 56, and a gas exhaust fan 55.
  • the electric valve 59, the pressure gauge 57, and the gas cabinet 60 are connected to the furnace 37 through a gas inlet tube 63.
  • the gas inlet tube 63 is provided with a gas electric valve 64.
  • the technical solution further includes a clean water tank 100, wherein the condenser 44 is provided with a plurality of cooling pipes 47, wherein the condenser 44 has a cooling chamber 48, a condenser inlet pipe 45 and a condenser outlet pipe 46 at one end.
  • the cooling chamber 48 is connected to each other, and the other end is connected to the clean water tank 100.
  • the condenser inlet pipe 45 is provided with a water pump 97 and a valve 98
  • the condenser outlet pipe 46 is provided with a valve 99.
  • the technical solution further includes a lime milk pool 101, a lime milk circulation pool 102, a ash pool 103 and a tar filter tank 104, which connects the gray fishing pond 103 and the tar filter tank 104, the shower For the middle sprinkler 77, the fine sprinkler 78, the first inlet pipe 85-end communicates with the lime milk circulation tank 102, the other end of which is connected to the spray chiller 76, and the first outlet pipe 88 is connected to the end of the smoke.
  • the gas purification device 75 has the other end connected to the lime milk circulation pool 102 to form a water circulation circuit composed of the lime milk circulation tank 102, the first water inlet pipe 85, the flue gas purification device 75, and the first water outlet pipe 88, the first water inlet pipe 85 is provided with a water pump 86 and a valve 87.
  • the first outlet pipe 88 is provided with a valve 89, and the second inlet pipe 90 is connected to the lime milk pool.
  • the second outlet pipe 93 is connected to the flue gas purifying device 75, and the other end thereof is connected to the lime milk circulating tank 102, and the second inlet pipe 90 is A water pump 91 and a valve 92 are provided, and the second outlet pipe 93 is provided with a valve 94.
  • a closed garbage room 71 is provided with a feeding device 69 for feeding the feeding port 16 of the furnace body 1 and a leachate storage tank 72, which is controlled by the automatic control device 105.
  • An electric grab 70 is disposed at the end, and the closed garbage room 71 is connected to the bottom air inlet pipe 6 of the furnace body 1 through an odor output pipe 65.
  • the closed garbage room 71 communicates with the feed port 16 through the leachate output pipe 67.
  • An electric valve 66 is disposed on the odor output pipe 65, and an electric valve 68 is disposed on the leachate output pipe 67.
  • garbage waste is loaded into the furnace body 1 from the inlet port 16, and after being filled, it is sealed, and then the combustible material around the bottom of the furnace body 1 is ignited at the tap opening 34.
  • the induced draft fan 80 Under the action of the pumping force, after the air is preheated at the bottom of the furnace body 1, after entering the air inlet pipe 6 once, it enters the secondary combustion fire pipe 12, and participates in combustion at a relatively high speed, so that the water is rich, the heat value is high, and the composition Complex garbage waste, quickly get angry, and along the pumping force of the secondary combustion fire tube 12 : the flow, at this time, mainly the waste waste around the combustion filter hole 30, and the air inlet amount of the primary wind is automatically controlled by the electric valve 15 , to control the speed and range of waste waste combustion, thereby prolonging the burning time and forming an anoxic reduction environment.
  • the garbage waste generates a large amount of gas during combustion, and enters the secondary combustion fire tube 12 through the filter hole 30, and the high temperature is radiated to the surrounding area, so that the waste waste of the furnace 37 is rapidly heated, and the waste waste contained in the furnace 37 has a large capacity and a large thickness.
  • the height is high, and the furnace wall 9 of the furnace 37 has a thermal insulation layer 4 for heat insulation.
  • all the electric valves are closed.
  • the furnace 37 is sealed and insulated, so that the garbage has sufficient time to evaporate throughout the furnace. , drying, dry distillation, pyrolysis.
  • the electric valve 14 is opened.
  • the uniformly distributed secondary air and water vapor supplemented from the secondary air inlet pipe 7 reacts with the hot residual carbon as a gasifying agent to maintain and stabilize the garbage.
  • Combustion gasification process The large amount of mixed gas generated by the furnace 37 enters the secondary combustion tube 12 under the suction of the induced draft fan 80, mixes with the tertiary air entering from the tertiary inlet pipe 8, and is combusted in the secondary combustion tube 12 to realize
  • the water vapor in the furnace 37, the carbon dioxide, and the limited amount of air coming in from the secondary air inlet pipe 7 serve as a gasifying agent and burning hot carbon, which is burned out quickly.
  • tar and suspended carbon particles in the mixed gas are also greatly reduced by the reduction reaction, which not only purifies the gas, but also avoids the polymerization of particles such as tar, heavy metal vapor, and soot, and blocks and corrodes downstream equipment and pipes.
  • the high-temperature flue gas is more than 1000 , and the high-temperature flue gas is under the action of the secondary combustion fire tube 12, and the above-mentioned tar and heavy metal vapor are not completely eliminated. Particles such as soot and dioxin are completely destroyed and burned.
  • the secondary combustion tube 12 is long, and the secondary combustion tube 12 is welded with the fins 11, the waste waste secondary combustion tube 12 is long.
  • the high-temperature heat of the secondary combustion fire tube 12 is fully utilized to cause most of the organic matter in the garbage around the secondary combustion fire tube to be pyrolyzed into combustible gas and carbon particles, and the combustible gas is condensed to become a fuel resource.
  • the carbon particles continue to fall into the gasification in the furnace body 1. Since the furnace 37 is equipped with the electric material distributing device 28, when these thousands of distilled and pyrolyzed garbage residues fall into the bottom of the furnace 37, they are electrically distributed. 28 agitated, loose, inverted, mixed with limited air to form turbulent flow to accelerate combustion gasification, prevent these garbage residues from coking and cake, affecting the entire gasification combustion.
  • the function of the motor 35 in the electric material distributing device 28, the electric material distributing device 28 can realize the forward rotation reversing effect, so that the slag, the residual carbon and the garbage can be separated by the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the electric material distributing device 28.
  • the unburned temperature residual carbon remains in the upper part of the electric material distributing device 28 to participate in the gasification reduction reaction to generate more combustible gas; at the same time, the burnt slag falls and is discharged through the slag outlet 34.
  • the cone-shaped bulk material 24 of the electric material distributing device 28 is mainly for the purpose of agitating the garbage waste, so as to improve the utilization rate of the garbage waste.
  • the tar in the mixed gas After the high temperature gas enters the spiral cigarette case 22, after passing through the spiral smoke box 22, the tar in the mixed gas is separated, flows out from the hole of the annular pipe 21, and finally the tar is discharged from the tar outlet provided at the bottom of the spiral smoke box 22. 20 Outflow, the tar enters the temperature residual carbon zone at the bottom of the furnace body through the tar output pipe 73, and the tar undergoes pyrolysis and catalytic cracking, and is converted into combustible gas to participate in combustion.
  • the garbage waste fed from the feed port 16 is quickly preheated and dried, and at the same time, since the secondary combustion fire tube 12 in the furnace body 1 is long and the heat radiated thereon Sheet 11, so that the more preheated, dried, and retorted pyrolysis of waste waste, the more hydrocarbon-containing combustible gas is produced. Therefore, the moisture content of the waste waste is not limited, as long as the organic combustible component in the waste can maintain combustion, that is, enter the furnace body 1 for gasification treatment. With the large amount of mixed gas generation and continuous combustion, the furnace temperature will continue to increase. At this time, the amount of air entering is controlled by the relevant electric valve, the temperature is controlled within the required range, and the required gasification temperature and temperature are maintained. Balance can be.
  • the electric valve 41 When the gas is required to be discharged, the electric valve 41 is opened, the electric valve 42 is closed, and the gas is discharged through the gas port 17, the gas enters the condenser 44 through the gas outlet pipe 43, and is formed by the inlet pipe 45, the outlet pipe 46, and the cooling chamber 48.
  • the combustible gas Under the action of water circulation condensation, the combustible gas is cooled, and the condensable component in the combustible gas is condensed into a crude fuel, and together with the non-condensable component, enters the oil separator 51 from the gas outlet pipe 49, and the condensed crude fuel and the gas are separated.
  • the crude fuel oil flows into the oil storage tank 62 through the fuel outlet 52, and can be further refined into a product oil for use.
  • the non-condensable component is pumped into the gas cabinet 60 by the gas blower 55, and can also be purified by the gas outlet 61.
  • the finished gas is recycled.
  • the gas electric valve 64 is opened, and the combustible gas in the oil separator 51 is returned from the gas into the furnace tube 63 into the furnace body 1 as an auxiliary fuel to maintain the heat balance.
  • the electric valve 42 is opened, the electric valve 41 is closed, the flue gas can be discharged through the flue gas port 18, and the high temperature flue gas (about 800 )) enters the flue gas purifying device 75, in the spray chiller. 76, rapidly drop below 10CTC within 1 second, thus avoiding the re-generation of dioxins, and eliminating toxic components such as dust, tar, hydrogen chloride and sulfide in the flue gas.
  • the flue gas purified by the cooling is further purified by the lime milk circulation pool 102 through the sprayer '77, the fine sprayer 78 to further purify the trace harmful gas in the flue gas to achieve pollution-free discharge, and the purified flue gas passes through the flue gas.
  • the buffer tank 79 is introduced into the chimney 84 by the draft fan 80, or directly enters the chimney 84 through the bypass pipe 82.
  • the purified circulating lime water is purified by the lime milk circulation tank 102, and the fly ash is precipitated and harmlessly treated, and the tar floating on the upper portion is pulverized into the combustible gas by the ash pool 103 and the tar filter tank 104.
  • All the leachate in the closed garbage room 71 is introduced into the furnace body 1 through the leachate output pipe 67 together with the garbage, and the odor in the closed garbage room 71 is all entered into the primary air inlet pipe 6 of the furnace body 1 from the odor output pipe 65.
  • the furnace gasification agent participates in the internal gasification reaction, thereby realizing the non-leachate and odorless discharge of the garbage dump.
  • the function of the steam pipe 2 is to decompose the water vapor in the mixed gas into hydrogen and oxygen, so that the combustion of the relevant garbage waste is sufficient.
  • the safety valve 19 serves as a safety function. When the flue gas or gas in the furnace body 1 is full, the safety valve 19 is automatically pushed open to provide a safety function.
  • a cooling inlet pipe 95 is connected to the bottom of the furnace body 1 at the other end and is provided with a valve 96 on the cooling inlet pipe 95.
  • the entire gasification process, garbage feed, gas recovery, and flue gas purification of the present invention are all controlled by the automatic control device 105, so that the entire process is automated, which greatly facilitates the user.
  • the motor 35 of the present invention is installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1 and separated from the furnace body 1, at the same time, the electric material distributing device 28 is entirely made of 180CTC alloy steel material, and the furnace body 1 is lined with 310S stainless steel.
  • the cooling water pipe 25 is mounted on the rotating shaft 38 and cooperates with the electric material distributing device 28 to extend the life of the present invention, and the effect of the present invention is improved.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及废物处理装置, 具体地说, 涉及一种将各种垃圾废物处理后回收利用以 及所产生的废气已得到净化的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置。
背景技术
生物质能是指由光合作用而产生的各种有机体, 生物能是太阳能以化学能形式贮存 在生物中的一种能量形式,一种以生物质为载体的能量。生物质气化是指利用植物的杆、 枝、 叶、 秸、 谷壳、 工农业及城市固体有机废弃物等, 经缺氧燃烧所产生的可燃气体, 以做各种用途使用。
世界上生物质资源数量庞大, 形式繁多, 如薪柴、 农林作物、 农业和林业残剩物、 食品加工和林产品加工下脚料、城市固体废弃物等。 目前,传统利用方式是燃烧生物质, 但是这些做法不仅热率低, 而且劳动强度大、污染严重, 其中燃烧所产生的烟尘和余灰 的排放使人们的居住和生活环境日益恶化, 严重影响人们健康, 对生态、社会和经济造 成及不利的影响。 此外, 对有机垃圾、有机废渣、 禽畜粪便以及部分农业废弃物等资源 没有充分加以利用, 不仅造成资源浪费, 而且使其成为主要的有机污染源, 除造成严重 的大气和水污染外, 还排放大量的温室气体, 加剧了全球的温室效应。
其中城市垃圾处理问题, 给人们生活带来的不便和对环境的污染已经不言而喻。 目 前,我国历年来垃圾堆存量已 60亿吨, 占耕地 5亿平方米,全国 668年城市中已有 200 多个处于垃圾的包围中, 且年产垃圾量 2. 2亿吨, 并以每年 8- 10%的速度增长。 现有的 垃圾处理技术为填埋, 占 85%, 堆肥占 10%, 焚烧 3-5%, 而这三种处理方法都存在不足: 填埋占地大,释放有害气体,污染地下水, 带来二次污染;堆肥分选工艺复杂, 费用高, 肥效低, 堆肥产品无市场; 焚烧温度低, 易形成二恶英类毒性物质, 造成二次污染, 且 投资巨大, 建设周期长, 运行维修费用髙, 难以维持运行。
另外, 垃圾是一种世界上唯一增长的可再生资源, 不仅是一个城市的环保问题, 而 且是一个十分重要的充分利用资源的可持续发展战略问题。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 各类垃圾废物 在经过该垃圾处理装置处理后所产生的能源能够回收, 所产生的废气得到了净化, 实现 了无污染排放。 .
为实现上述目的, 本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 包括有炉体, 所述炉体的顶部设有进料口以 及底部设有出渣口, 该炉体连通燃气回收装置、烟气净化装置, 其特征在于: 所述炉体 的上部设有与所述燃气回收装置连通的燃气口以及设有与所述烟气净化装置连通的烟 气口, 该燃气回收装置包括冷凝器、 油气分离器、气柜、 贮油池, 所述冷凝器一端通过 燃气输出管与燃气口连通,其另一端连通所述油气分离器,该油气分离器分别连通气柜、 贮油池, 所述烟气净化装置内依次设有喷淋急冷器、 喷淋器, 在该烟气净化装置末端设 有烟气缓冲箱, 该烟气缓冲箱连接弓 I风机或是通过旁通管与烟囱连接。
本发明还包括设置在炉体上部的螺旋烟箱、设置在炉膛中的电动分料装置、蒸汽管、 二次燃烧火管以及进风管, 蒸汽管、进风管上都设有电动阀门, 所述螺旋烟箱内装有环 形管, 环形管上开有孔, 螺旋烟箱底部设有焦油出口, 所述燃气口以及烟气口是设置在 螺旋烟箱上, 该燃气口上设有电动阀门, 该烟气口上设有电动阀门, 二次燃烧火管上开 有膨胀断口, 其下端设有过滤孔, 所述蒸汽管、 二次燃烧火管、进风管上端都连通螺旋 烟箱, 下端都与炉膛连通。
所述进风管为一次进风管、 二次进风管、 三次进风管, 所述蒸汽管、 一次进风管连 通炉膛的底部, 二次进风管连通炉膛中部, 三次进风管在二次燃烧火管的下部, 所述二 次燃烧火管上设有散热片,炉体的炉壁中由内到外设有高温砖及防温砖,在所述高温砖、 防温砖之间设有保温层, 炉膛内设有多孔还风带。
所述电动分料装置包括锥体形散料片、 残碳分割器、 多齿破碎转盘以及电机, 电机 装设在炉体的底部, 锥体形散料片、残碳分割器、 多齿破碎转盘接在电机的转轴上, 在 转轴上装设有冷却水管, 在炉体上装设有安全阀。
所述的二次燃烧火管为四个。
所述焦油出口通过焦油输出管连通炉体底部。
所述油气分离器与气柜是通过燃气输出管连通, 该油气分离器与气柜之间依次设有 压力表、 电动阀门、 防爆电机、 燃气抽风机、 电动阀门、 压力表、 气柜, 该油气分离器 通过燃气进炉管连接炉体的炉膛, 该燃气进炉管上设有燃气电动阀门。
本发明还包括净水池, 所述冷凝器内设有多条冷却瞀, 该冷凝器内为冷却腔, 一个 冷凝器进水管和一个冷凝器出水管的一端都与所述冷却腔连通,另一端都与所述净水池 连通, 该冷凝器进水管上设有水泵、 阀门, 冷凝器出水管上设有阀门。
本发明还包括石灰乳池、 石灰乳循环池、 灰渣池和焦油过滤池, 该石灰乳循环池连 接灰渣池和焦油过滤池, 所述喷淋器为中喷淋器、 细喷淋器, 所述第一进水管一端连通 所述石灰乳循环池, 其另一端接喷淋急冷器, 第一出水管一端连通烟气净化装置, 其另 一端连通石灰乳循环池从而形成由石灰乳循环池、第一进水管、烟气净化装置、第一出 水管构成的水循环回路, 该第一进水管上设有水泵、 阀门, 该第一出水管上设有阀门, 所述第二进水管一端连通所述石灰乳池, 其另一端分别连通中喷淋器、细喷淋器, 第二 出水管一端连通烟气净化装置,其另一端连通石灰乳循环池,该第二进水管上设有水泵、 阀门, 该第二出水管上设有阀门。
本发明还包括有封闭垃圾房, 该封闭垃圾房上设有用于往炉体的进料口送料的进料 装置以及渗滤液贮坑, 该送料装置是由自动控制装置控制, 其末端设有电动抓斗, 该封 闭垃圾房通过臭气输出管与设在炉体底部的一次进风管连接,该封闭垃圾房通过渗滤液 输出管与进料口连通,所述臭气输出管上设有电动阀门,渗滤液输出管上设有电动阀门。
本发明与同类技术比较具有独特的特点-
( 1 )、 本发明的一、 二、 三次进风管、 电动分料装置与二次燃烧火管配合的结构, 改变了过去传统马丁炉、 流化床炉、 回转窑炉等垃圾直接在炉内燃烧的复杂工艺方法, 实现了有机物髙温下缺氧热解气化的原理, 使有机物最大限度地转变为可燃气体再燃 烧, 不用添加额外的辅助燃料, 由于是限氧燃烧, 炉内产生烟气量少, 烟气易于处理, 大大减轻了垃圾处理的投资和运行成本, 对环境不会造成的二次污染, 有利于解决我国 垃圾水份多、 热值低、 成份复杂的处理难题;
(2)、 本发明的二次燃烧火管与从上部螺旋烟箱引入的进风管配合工作, 使进入炉 体的垃圾废物燃烧猛烈、 温度高, 气化燃烧彻底, 生物质减量化大, 同时, 通过相关电 动阀门控制进风量, 使炉体内形成缺氧燃烧的还原环境, 因此炉体内可产生大量的混合 燃气, 可回收大量富余燃气, 实现了资源化;
(3)、 本发明的螺旋烟箱为多级环形管, 且分别设有小孔, 有效的阻挡火管未燃尽 的焦油, 使焦油重新回到炉体内, 分解为可燃气体, 从而减轻了下游烟气净化的负担, 也不会堵塞烟管, 无害化、 资源化显著;
(4)、 本发明的螺旋烟箱、 二次燃烧火管、 散热片配合工作, 能充分利用燃烧产生 的大量高温烟气,把从进料口进入的生物质废弃物在高温螺旋烟箱、炉膛中预热、干燥、 干馏热解, 在缺氧环境中产生大量可燃混合气体, 使本发明资源化的效果更加显著;
(5)、 本发明的二次燃烧火管、 进风管配合工作, 使高温烟气在二次燃烧火管中有 较长的停留时间, 彻底分解和烧掉二恶英等有毒有害成分, 因此本发明实现了无害化处 理;
(6)、本发明的电动分料装置可把落入炉膛底部的生物质残留物搅动、松散、翻转, 与限量空气燃烧形成湍流加速燃烧气化, 防止了这些垃圾残留物结焦结饼, 影响整个气 化燃烧, 同时实现了把未燃尽的髙温残碳与水蒸气、焦油等继续参与气化还原反应, 进 一步完善了本发明效果, 使本发明气化效率高, 无二次污染;
(7)、 本发明设有冷凝器、 油气分离器、 气柜、 贮油池的燃气回收装置, 将炉体内 产生的可燃气体的可凝成份冷凝, 获得粗制的燃料油, 贮存在贮油池中, 若再进一步提 炼便制得成品燃油,用作他用,而可燃气体中未能冷凝的成份,经引风机抽入气柜贮存, 可输出净化获得成品燃气,得到回收利用,也可作为气化炉内垃圾热值低时的辅助燃料, 使本发明将废弃物变废为宝, 资源化显著;
(8)、 本发明设有烟气净化装置, 实现了烟气的冷却、 除尘、 除焦油等一系列净化 过程, 喷琳急冷器使烟气出口 800°C左右的烟气在 1秒以内急降至 100°C左右, 从而避 免了烟气在后续净化过程中二恶英的再次生成, 再加上石灰乳的中喷、 细喷, 更进一步 脱除烟气中微量的氯化氢、 硫化物、 烟尘等有害成份, 实现无污染排放;
(9)、 本发明烟气净化装置中产生的少量焦油, 通过炉渣过滤, 重新回到炉体内高 温残炭区, 焦油发生高温裂解和催化裂解, 将焦油转换为可燃气体, 既提高了本发明的 能源利用率, 又彻底减少了二次污染;
( 10)、 本发明的引风机放置在烟气急冷净化装置后, 避免了焦油堵塞, 髙温腐蚀 引风机, 从而增加了引风机的寿命, 且设有旁通管, 即使引风机出现故障, 也不会影响 气化炉的正常运行, 使本发明的运行成本很低。
( 11 )、 本装置设置有密闭式垃圾贮坑、 进料装置, 在封闭状态下将垃圾送入炉体 内, 避免了垃圾臭味外泄, 污染大气, 垃圾中的臭气作为补充炉体内一次进风空气, 垃 圾渗滤液全部输入炉内参与气化反应, 使垃圾处理场没有臭气、 无废水排放; ( 12)、 本发明的炉体、 进料装置、 燃气回收装置、 烟气净化装置都由自动控制装 置控制, 可实现自动控制垃圾进料, 燃烧气化, 燃气回收, 烟气排放, 自动出渣的全部 运行过程, 运行稳定、 安全、 操作简单。
( 13)、 本发明的电机是装设在炉体底部, 并与炉体分离, 同时, 电动分料装置全 部用耐高温 1800°C合金钢制成, 炉体内衬使用 310S的不锈钢制成, 因此本发明使用寿 命长、 维修方便。
( 14)、 另外, 本发明操作方便、 成本合理。
附图说明
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图 1为本发明环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置的炉体结构示意图。
图 3为图 2所示炉体的立体图。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
如图 3所示, 它是炉体的立体图。 进料口 16设置在炉体 1顶部, 炉膛 37在炉体 1 中, 出渣口 34设置在炉体 1底部, 炉门 10设置在炉体 1上。
如图 1、 2所示, 分别为本发明环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置的结构示意图、 炉 体结构示意图。 一种环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 包括有炉体 1, 所述炉体 1的顶 部设有进料口 16以及底部设有出渣口 34, 该炉体 1连通燃气回收装置 106、 烟气净化 装置 75, 本技术方案还包括设置在炉体 1上部的螺旋烟箱 22、设置在炉膛 37中的电动 分料装置 28、 蒸汽管 2、 四个二次燃烧火管 12以及三个进风管, 该三个进风管分别为 一次进风管 6、 二次进风管 7、 三次进风管 8, 蒸汽管 2上设有电动阀门 36, 一次进风 管 6上设有电动阀门 15、 二次进风管 7上设有电动阀门 14、 三次进风管 8上设有电动 阀门 13, 螺旋烟箱 22内装有环形管 21, 环形管 21上开有孔, 螺旋烟箱 22底部设有焦 油出口 20, 该焦油出口 20通过焦油输出管 73连通炉体 1底部, 该焦油输出管 73上设 有电动阀门 74, 螺旋烟箱 22上还设有燃气口 17以及烟气口 18, 燃气口 17, 燃气口 17 上设有电动阀门 41, 烟气口 18上设有电动阀门 42, 二次燃烧火管 12上开有膨胀断口 23, 其下端设有过滤孔 30, 蒸汽管 2、二次燃烧火管 12、 以及进风管上端都连通螺旋烟 箱 22, 其下端都与炉膛 37连通。
蒸汽管 2、 一次进风管 6连通炉膛底部 37, 二次进风管 7连通炉膛 37中部, 三次 进风管 8在二次燃烧火管 12的下部;二次燃烧火管 12上焊接有散热片 11,炉体 1的炉 膛 9中由内到外设有高温砖 3及防温砖 5, 高温砖 3及防温砖 5之间设有保温层 4; 炉 膛 37内还设有多孔还风带 31, 炉体 1上装有安全阀 19。 电动分料装置 28包括锥体形 散料片 24、残碳分割器 27、多齿破碎转盘 33以及电机 35, 电机 35装设在炉体 1底部, 锥体形散料片 24、残碳分割器 27、 多齿破碎转盘 33接在电机 35的转轴 38上, 冷却水 管 25装设在转轴 38上。
燃气回收装置 106包括冷凝器 44、 油气分离器 51、 气柜 60、 贮油池 62, 如图 1所 示, 冷凝器 44一端通过燃气输出管 43与燃气口 17连通, 其另一端连通所述油气分离 器 51 , 该油气分离器 51分别连通气柜 60、 贮油池 62, 所述烟气净化装置 75内依次设 有喷淋急冷器 76、喷淋器, 在该烟气净化装置 75末端设有烟气缓冲箱 79, 该烟气缓冲 箱 79连接引风机 80或是通过旁通管 82与烟囱 84连接, 引风机 80旁边设有电机 81, 旁通管 82上设有阀门 83。
本技术方案的油气分离器 51与气柜 60是通过燃气输出管 53连通, 该油气分离器 51与气柜 60之间依次设有压力表 54、 电动阀门 58、 防爆电机 56、 燃气抽风机 55、 电 动阀门 59、 压力表 57、气柜 60, 该油气分离器 51通过燃气进炉管 63连接炉膛 37, 该 燃气进炉管 63上设有燃气电动阀门 64。
本技术方案还包括净水池 100, 其中冷凝器 44内设有多条冷却管 47, 该冷凝器 44 内为冷却腔 48, 一个冷凝器进水管 45和一个冷凝器出水管 46的一端都与所述冷却腔 48连通,另一端都与所述净水池 100连通,该冷凝器进水管 45上设有水泵 97、阀门 98, 冷凝器出水管 46上设有阀门 99。 另外, 本技术方案还包括石灰乳池 101、 石灰乳循环 池 102、 灰渣池 103和焦油过滤池 104, 该石灰乳循环池 102连接灰渔池 103和焦油过 滤池 104, 所述喷淋器为中喷淋器 77、 细喷淋器 78, 所述第一进水管 85—端连通所述 石灰乳循环池 102, 其另一端接喷淋急冷器 76, 第一出水管 88—端连通烟气净化装置 75, 其另一端连通石灰乳循环池 102从而形成由石灰乳循环池 102、第一进水管 85、烟 气净化装置 75、 第一出水管 88构成的水循环回路, 该第一进水管 85上设有水泵 86、 阀门 87, 该第一出水管 88上设有阀门 89, 所述第二进水管 90—端连通所述石灰乳池 101, 其另一端分别连通中喷淋器 77、 细喷淋器 78, 第二出水管 93—端连通烟气净化 装置 75, 其另一端连通石灰乳循环池 102, 该第二进水管 90上设有水泵 91、 阀门 92, 该第二出水管 93上设有阀门 94。
一个封闭垃圾房 71,该封闭垃圾房 71上设有用于往炉体 1的进料口 16送料的进料 装置 69以及渗滤液贮坑 72,该送料装置 69是由自动控制装置 105控制,其末端设有电 动抓斗 70,该封闭垃圾房 71通过臭气输出管 65与炉体 1底部一次进风管 6连接,该封 闭垃圾房 71通过渗滤液输出管 67与进料口 16连通,所述臭气输出管 65上设有电动阀 门 66, 渗滤液输出管 67上设有电动阀门 68。
本发明使用时, 从进料口 16往炉体 1内装垃圾废物,堆满后密封,然后在出渣口 34 点燃炉体 1底部周围的可燃物,当可燃物被点燃后, 在引风机 80的抽力作用下, 空气在 炉体 1底部预热后, 经一次进风管 6, 再进入二次燃烧火管 12,以较高的速度参与燃烧, 使水份多、 热值高、 成分复杂的垃圾废物, 迅速上火, 并沿二次燃烧火管 12的抽力方 : 向流动,此时,主要是燃烧过滤孔 30周围的垃圾废物,通过电动阀门 15自动控制一次风 的进风量, 使垃圾废物燃烧的速度和范围得到控制, 从而延长燃烧时间和形成缺氧还原 环境。
垃圾废物在燃烧时产生大量气体, 经过过滤孔 30进入二次燃烧火管 12, 燃烧产生 高温向四周辐射, 使炉膛 37垃圾废物迅速升温,由于炉膛 37中装的垃圾废物容量多、 厚度大、 高度高, 再加上炉膛 37的炉壁 9内有保温层 4保温绝热, 同时,把所有的电动 阀门关闭,此时,炉膛 37被密封隔绝, 所以垃圾有充分的时间在整个炉膛范围中蒸发、 干燥、 干馏、 热解。 随着燃烧热量源源不断地传递、 辐射, 使含水份多、 有机质多的垃 圾在高温缺氧的还原环境下, 逐渐逸出水蒸气、 挥发份, 进而发生干馏热分解, 产生大 量的由可燃气体、 水蒸气、 焦油、 烟气等组成的混合燃气。这种过程不断进行, 直至垃 圾最终被干馏成残炭并向下垮落到电动分料装置 28后, 新的垃圾又源源不断地补充进 来。
在垃圾的燃烧过程中,打开电动阀门 14,此时,从二次进风管 7补充的分布均匀的二 次空气和水蒸气, 作为气化剂与炽热的残炭反应, 维持和稳定垃圾的燃烧气化过程。炉 膛 37产生的大量混合燃气, 在引风机 80的抽力作用下, 进入二次燃烧火管 12,与从三 次进风管 8进入的三次空气混合, 在二次燃烧火管 12内燃烧, 实现了炉膛 37内的水蒸 气、二氧化碳和从二次进风管 7进来的限量空气等作为气化剂与燃烧的炽热碳, 快燃尽 的残碳、悬浮的焦油等充分发生还原作用其中水蒸气被还原成一氧化碳和氢气, 二氧化 碳被还原成一氧化碳, 焦油被分解成碳氢化合物等。 另外,混合燃气中的焦油和悬浮碳 粒等也因还原反应而大大减少,不仅净化了燃气, 而且避免了这些焦油、 重金属蒸气、 烟尘等微粒聚合, 而堵塞、 腐蚀下游设备和管道。
当混合燃气在二次燃烧火管 12中充分燃烧产生高温烟气,高温烟气为 1000Ό以上, 高温烟气在二次燃烧火管 12的作用下, 再次使上述未根除彻底的焦油、 重金属蒸气、 烟尘、 二恶英类等微粒彻底摧毁烧掉, 此外, 由于二次燃烧火管 12很长, 并且二次燃 烧火管 12外壳焊有散热片 11,垃圾废物二次燃烧火管 12周围长时间停留时,充分利用 二次燃烧火管 12的高温热量使二次燃烧火管周围垃圾中的大部分有机物, 被热解成可 燃气体和碳粒, 可燃气体经冷凝后, 成为燃油资源。 而碳粒继续下落至炉体 1内气化, 由于炉膛 37中装有电动分料装置 28, 当这些被千馏、热解的垃圾残留物, 落入炉膛 37 底部时, 被电动分料装置 28搅动、 松散、 翻转, 与限量空气混合形成湍流加速燃烧气 化, 防止了这些垃圾残留物结焦结饼, 影响整个气化燃烧。 电动分料装置 28内电机 35 的作用, 电动分料装置 28可以实现正转反转功效, 因此通过电动分料装置 28的正转、 反转, 将可把炉渣、残炭、垃圾分离开来, 未燃尽的髙温残炭继续留在电动分料装置 28 上部参与气化还原反应, 产生更多的可燃气体; 同时, 燃尽的炉渣掉下来, 通过出渣口 34排出来。
其中电动分料装置 28的锥体形散料片 24主要是为了把垃圾废物搅拌均勾, 使垃圾 废物利用率提高。
高温气体进入螺旋烟箱 22后, 在经过螺旋烟箱 22后, 将使混合气体中的焦油得到 分离, 从环形管 21的孔上流出, 最终使焦油从设置在螺旋烟箱 22底部的焦油出口 20 流出, 焦油通过焦油输出管 73进入炉体 1底部的髙温残碳区, 焦油发生高温裂解和催 化裂解, 转变为可燃气体参与燃烧。
高温烟气进入螺旋烟箱 22后, 从进料口 16送入的垃圾废物很快就被预热干燥, 同 时, 由于炉体 1内的二次燃烧火管 12很长以及其上焊接的散热片 11, 因此使垃圾废物 预热、 干燥、 干馏热解越充分, 产生的大量含碳氢化合物的可燃气体越多。 因此对垃圾 废物的水份含量限制不大, 只要垃圾中的有机可燃成份能维持燃烧, 即进入炉体 1进行 气化处理。 伴随着混合燃气的大量产生和不断燃烧, 炉温将会不断提高, 这时通过相关 电动阀门控制空气的进入量, 把温度控制在所需范围内, 维持稳定所需气化温度和热平 衡即可。
当需要出燃气时,开启电动阀门 41,关闭电动阀门 42, 即可通过燃气口 17出燃气, 燃气通过燃气输出管 43进入冷凝器 44, 再由进水管 45、 出水管 46、 冷却腔 48形成的 水循环冷凝作用下, 可燃气体被冷却, 可燃气体中的可冷凝成分被冷凝为粗燃油, 与不 可冷凝成分一起由燃气输出管 49进入油气分离器 51, 将冷凝下来的粗燃油和燃气分离 开来, 粗燃油通过燃油出口 52流入贮油池 62, 可进一步提炼成成品油, 获得利用, 不 可冷凝成分由燃气抽风机 55抽入气柜 60贮存起来, 也可通过燃气出口 61抽出净化制 得成品燃气, 得到回收利用。当炉内垃圾热值低时, 打开燃气电动阀门 64, 将油气分离 器 51中的可燃气体由燃气进炉管 63回到炉体 1内, 作为辅助燃料, 以维持热平衡。
同理, 当需要出烟气时, 开启电动阀门 42, 关闭电动阀门 41, 即可通过烟气口 18 出烟气, 高温烟气(800Ό左右)进入烟气净化装置 75, 在喷淋急冷器 76, 在 1秒以内 急速降到 10CTC以下, 从而避免了二恶英的再次生成, 同时消除烟气中的粉尘、 焦油、 氯化氢、硫化物等有毒害成分。经降温净化后的烟气由石灰乳循环池 102通过中喷淋器' 77、 细喷淋器 78进一步净化烟气中的微量有害气体, 实现无污染排放, 净化后的烟气 ' 通过烟气缓冲箱 79由引风机 80引入烟囱 84排放, 或直接通过旁通管 82进入烟囱 84 · 排放。
净化后的循环石灰水经石灰乳循环池 102净化, 飞灰沉淀后无害化处理, 浮于上部 的焦油通过灰渣池 103、 焦油过滤池 104将焦油回炉裂解成可燃气体燃烧。
封闭式垃圾房 71中的所有渗滤液通过渗滤液输出管 67与垃圾一起输入炉体 1内, 封闭垃圾房 71内的臭气全部由臭气输出管 65进入炉体 1的一次进风管 6, 作炉气化剂 参与内气化反应, 从而实现了垃圾场无渗滤液、 无臭气排放。
蒸汽管 2的作用在于把混合燃气中的水蒸气分解成氢气、 氧气, 使相关垃圾废物的 燃烧充分。
安全阀 19起到安全作用, 在出现炉体 1内的烟气或燃气已满的情况下, 安全阀门 19会自动推开, 起到安全作用。
一冷却入水管 95另一端接净水池 100并通入炉体 1底部, 在该冷却入水管 95上设 有阀门 96。
本发明的整个气化过程、 加垃圾进料、 燃气回收、 烟气净化都由自动控制装置 105 控制, 使整个过程实现了自动化, 大大地方便了用户。 另外, 由于本发明的电机 35是装设在炉体 1的底部, 并与炉体 1分离, 同时, 电 动分料装置 28全部用 180CTC合金钢材料制成,炉体 1内衬使用 310S的不锈钢制成,同 时, 冷却水管 25装设在转轴 38上并与电动分料装置 28配合, 使本发明的寿命延长, 完善了本发明的功效。
实施例二:
本实施例与实施一的区别在于: 本实施例的二次燃烧火管 12为十二个, 本实施例 与实施例一所实现的功效不变。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 包括有炉体(1 ), 所述炉体(1 ) 的顶部 设有进料口 (16) 以及底部设有出渣口 (34), 该炉体(1 )连通燃气回收装置(106)、 烟气净化装置(75),其特征在于:所述炉体(1 )的上部设有与所述燃气回收装置(106) 连通的燃气口 (17) 以及设有与所述烟气净化装置 (75)连通的烟气口 (18), 该燃气 回收装置(106)包括冷凝器(44)、 油气分离器(51 )、 气柜(60)、 贮油池(62), 所 述冷凝器 (44)一端通过燃气输出管(43)与燃气口 (17)连通, 其另一端连通所述油 气分离器(51 ), 该油气分离器(51 )分别连通气柜(60)、 贮油池(62), 所述烟气净 化装置(75) 内依次设有喷淋急冷器(76)、 喷淋器, 在该烟气净化装置 (75)末端设 有烟气缓冲箱(79), 该烟气缓冲箱(79)连接引风机(80)或是通过旁通管 (82) 与 烟囪 (84)连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 还包括 设置在炉体 (1 )上部的螺旋烟箱 (22)、 设置在炉膛(37) 中的电动分料装置 (28)、 蒸汽管(2)、二次燃烧火管(12) 以及进风管, 蒸汽管(2)、进风管上都设有电动阀门, 所述螺旋烟箱 (22) 内装有环形管 (21), 环形管 (21 )上开有孔, 螺旋烟箱(22)底 部设有焦油出口 (20), 所述燃气口 (17) 以及烟气口 (18 ) 是设置在螺旋烟箱(22) 上, 该燃气口 (17)上设有电动阀门 (41 ), 该烟气口 (18)上设有电动阀门 (42), 二 次燃烧火管 (12)上开有膨胀断口 (23), 其下端设有过滤孔(30), 所述蒸汽管 (2)、 二次燃烧火管 (12)、 进风管上端都连通螺旋烟箱(22), 下端都与炉膛(37)连通。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述进 风管为一次进风管(6)、 二次进风管(7)、 三次进风管(8), 所述蒸汽管(2)、 一次进 风管(6)连通炉膛(37) 的底部, 二次进风管(7)连通炉膛(37) 中部, 三次进风管
(8)在二次燃烧火管 (12)的下部, 所述二次燃烧火管(12)上设有散热片(11 ), 炉 体(1 ) 的炉壁(9) 中由内到外设有高温砖(3)及防温砖(5), 在所述高温砖(3)、 防温砖(5)之间设有保温层(4), 炉膛(37) 内设有多孔还风带(31)。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 所 述电动分料装置(28)包括锥体形散料片(24)、残碳分割器(27)、多齿破碎转盘(33) 以及电机(35), 电机(35)装设在炉体(1 ) 的底部, 锥体形散料片 (24)、 残碳分割 器(27)、 多齿破碎转盘 ( 33)接在电机 (35) 的转轴 (38)上, 在转轴 (38)上装设 有冷却水管(25), 在炉体(1 )上装设有安全阀 (19)。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的节能生物质气化炉装置, 其特征在于: 所述的二次燃烧 火管 (12) 为四个。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述焦 油出口 (20)通过焦油输出管 (73)连通炉体(1 )底部。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 所 述油气分离器(51 )与气柜(60) 是通过燃气输出管(53)连通, 该油气分离器(51 ) 与气柜 (60)之间依次设有压力表(54)、 电动阀门 (58)、 防爆电机(56)、 燃气抽风 机(55)、 电动阀门 (59)、 压力表(57)、 气柜(60), 该油气分离器(51 )通过燃气进 炉管(63)连接炉体(1 )的炉膛(37),该燃气进炉管(63 )上设有,燃气电动阀门(64)。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 还包括 净水池(100), 所述冷凝器(44) 内设有多条冷却管 (47), 该冷凝器(44) 内为冷却 腔(48), 一个冷凝器进水管 (45)和一个冷凝器出水管 (46) 的一端都与所述冷却腔 (48)连通, 另一端都与所述净水池(100)连通, 该冷凝器进水管 (45) 上设有水泵 (97)、 阀门 (98), 冷凝器出水管 (46)上设有阀门 (99)。
9、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 还 包括石灰乳池 (101 )、 石灰乳循环池 (102)、 灰渣池 ( 103)和焦油过滤池 (104), 该 石灰乳循环池(102)连接灰渣池(103)和焦油过滤池(104), 所述喷淋器为中喷淋器 (77)、 细喷淋器(78), 所述第一进水管(85)—端连通所述石灰乳循环池(102), 其 另一端接喷淋急冷器(76), 第一出 管(88) —端连通烟气净化装置(75), 其另一端 连通石灰乳循环池(102)从而形成由石灰乳循环池(102)、 第一进水管(85)、 烟气净 化装置(75)、 第一出水管 (88) 构成的水循环回路, 该第一进水管 (85) 上设有水泵 (86)、 阀门 (87), 该第一出水管 (88)上设有阀门 (89), 所述第二进水管 (90) — 端连通所述石灰乳池(101), 其另一端分别连通中喷淋器(77)、 细喷淋器(78), 第二 出水管 (93) —端连通烟气净化装置 (75), 其另一端连通石灰乳循环池 (102), 该第 二进水管(90)上设有水泵(91)、 阀门 (92), 该第二出水管(93)上设有阀门 (94)。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的环保、 能源回收型垃圾处理装置, 其特征在于: 还 包括有封闭垃圾房 (71 ), 该封闭垃圾房 (71 )上设有用于往炉体(1 ) 的进料口 (16) 送料的进料装置(69)以及渗滤液贮坑(72),该送料装置. (69)是由自动控制装置(105) 控制, 其末端设有电动抓斗 (70), 该封闭垃圾房 (71 ) 通过臭气输出管 (65)与设在 炉体 (1 )底部的一次进风管(6)连接, 该封闭垃圾房 (71 )通过渗滤液输出管 (67) 与进料口(16)连通,所述臭气输出管(65)上设有电动阀门(66),渗滤液输出管(67) 上设有电动阀门 (68)。
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