WO2008012959A1 - Capteur magnétique - Google Patents
Capteur magnétique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008012959A1 WO2008012959A1 PCT/JP2007/052101 JP2007052101W WO2008012959A1 WO 2008012959 A1 WO2008012959 A1 WO 2008012959A1 JP 2007052101 W JP2007052101 W JP 2007052101W WO 2008012959 A1 WO2008012959 A1 WO 2008012959A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- resistance value
- magnetoresistive
- external magnetic
- layer
- Prior art date
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 441
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000009812 interlayer coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019233 CoFeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019041 PtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000145845 chattering Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
- H04M1/0206—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings
- H04M1/0241—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings using relative motion of the body parts to change the operational status of the telephone set, e.g. switching on/off, answering incoming call
- H04M1/0245—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings using relative motion of the body parts to change the operational status of the telephone set, e.g. switching on/off, answering incoming call using open/close detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
- H04M2250/12—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a sensor for measuring a physical value, e.g. temperature or motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-contact type magnetic sensor provided with a magnetoresistive effect element, and more particularly to a magnetic sensor that can be stably operated with a bipolar regardless of the polarity of an external magnetic field.
- a Hall element, a magnetoresistive effect element, or the like is used as a magnetic sensor that can be a contactless system.
- Magnetic sensors using magnetoresistive elements are attracting attention because of the high power consumption of Hall elements and the lack of hysteresis, which necessitates the installation of hysteresis circuits and the difficulty of downsizing the elements. ing.
- a magnetic sensor has been used for opening / closing detection of a folding cellular phone or the like.
- a magnetoresistive effect element and a fixed resistance element are used, and these are connected in series to output a potential between the elements, and when the output changes based on a change in the magnetic field strength of an external magnetic field, 'Outputs an off switching signal. If an ON signal is output and it is detected that the foldable mobile phone has been opened, for example, the backlight under the display screen is controlled to shine.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-17311
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-60256
- the above open / close detection method has the following problems. That is, since the resistance change of the magnetoresistive element depends on the polarity of the external magnetic field, the direction of the magnet disposed opposite to the magnetic sensor is limited. That is, since the polarity of the external magnetic field is reversed when the magnet is disposed in the opposite direction, the resistance value of the magnetoresistive element is also affected by the change in magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field whose polarity is reversed. It did not change, so it was difficult to properly detect opening and closing. [0005] Therefore, the present invention is for solving the above-described conventional problems. In particular, the present invention uses a magnetoresistive effect element that can be stably operated with a bipolar regardless of the polarity of the external magnetic field. For the purpose of providing a magnetic sensor!
- a magnetic sensor includes a first magnetoresistive effect element whose resistance value changes based on a change in magnetic field strength of an external magnetic field, and a second magnetoresistive effect element connected in series.
- a series circuit that outputs the potential of the connection between the magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element,
- the first magnetoresistive element is based on a change in magnetic field strength in the positive direction of the external magnetic field, where one direction of the external magnetic field is a positive direction and a direction opposite to the one direction is a negative direction. While the resistance value of the second magnetoresistive element changes, the second magnetoresistance effect element maintains a constant resistance value,
- the resistance value of the second magnetoresistive element changes based on a change in magnetic field strength in the negative direction of the external magnetic field, while the first magnetoresistive element maintains a constant resistance value. It is what.
- the magnetic sensor can be formed as a bipolar-compatible magnetic sensor related to the polarity of the external magnetic field. Therefore, there is no restriction compared to the conventional arrangement of an external magnetic field generating means such as a magnet that generates an external magnetic field, and assembly is facilitated.
- the change in potential from the connection portion can be made the same when the external magnetic field is in the positive direction and the negative direction. That is, if the potential of the connection force tends to decrease as the external magnetic field increases in the positive direction and the magnetic field strength increases, the potential also decreases when the external magnetic field increases in the negative direction. I can do it. Therefore, there is no need to change the circuit or control by the control unit depending on the direction of the external magnetic field.
- the fixed resistance value XI of the second magnetoresistance effect element when the external magnetic field is in the positive direction changes based on the change in magnetic field strength in the positive direction.
- the maximum resistance value X3 that is larger than the minimum resistance value X2 of the magnetoresistive effect element of
- the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistance effect element when the external magnetic field is in the negative direction is the minimum resistance value of the second magnetoresistance effect element that changes based on the change in magnetic field strength in the negative direction.
- the ratio of (fixed resistance value XI-minimum resistance value X2: maximum resistance value X3-fixed resistance value XI) and (maximum resistance value X6—fixed resistance value X4: fixed resistance value X4—minimum resistance value X5) is Preferably they are the same.
- the fixed resistance value XI is an intermediate value between the minimum resistance value X2 and the maximum resistance value X3
- the fixed resistance value X4 is an intermediate value between the minimum resistance value X5 and the maximum resistance value X6. preferable.
- the variable resistance value of the first magnetoresistive element is the fixed resistance value of the second magnetoresistive element.
- the timing is the same as XI and the external magnetic field is acting in the negative direction
- the variable resistance value of the second magnetoresistive element is the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistive element.
- the potential at this timing can be set as a threshold potential for switching the switching signal.
- the timing can be the same when the external magnetic field is positive and when it is negative. Therefore, the threshold potential can be adjusted particularly as a bipolar magnetic sensor with no offset. Is easy and can perform stable operation.
- the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element have the same film configuration including an antiferromagnetic layer, a fixed magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic intermediate layer, and a free magnetic layer.
- the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl is shifted in the positive direction of the external magnetic field and acts between the fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer of the second magnetoresistive element.
- Hin2 is preferably shifted in the negative direction of the external magnetic field.
- a so-called hysteresis loop is formed in the first magnetoresistive effect element in the positive external magnetic field, and in the second magnetoresistive effect element, the external magnetic field is in the negative region. Can be formed. Therefore, the resistance value of the first magnetoresistive effect element changes based on the change in magnetic field strength in the positive direction of the external magnetic field, and the second magnetoresistive effect element maintains a constant resistance value. The resistance value of the second magnetoresistive effect element changes based on the change in magnetic field strength in the negative direction of the external magnetic field, and the first magnetoresistive effect element can maintain a constant resistance value. It is possible to easily and appropriately form a bipolar magnetic sensor that can be used.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl and the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin 2 have the same magnitude.
- the resistance value of the magnetoresistive element can be changed at the same timing when the external magnetic field is positive and when it is negative, and the magnetic sensor is stable as a bipolar magnetic sensor. Can get the action.
- one of the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element is fixed in the absence of the external magnetic field.
- the magnetization of the magnetic layer and the magnetization of the free magnetic layer are in the same direction, and the magnetic field of the other pinned magnetic layer and the magnetic field of the free magnetic layer are antiparallel.
- the magnetization of the layer and the magnetic field of the pinned magnetic layer of the second magnetoresistance effect element are in the same direction.
- first magnetoresistive effect element two each of the first magnetoresistive effect element and the second magnetoresistive effect element are provided, and each one of the magnetoresistive effect elements is provided in the first series circuit. And the remaining first magnetoresistive element and second magnetoresistive element form a second direct circuit,
- the first magnetoresistive element of the first series circuit and the second magnetoresistive element of the second series circuit are connected in parallel, and the first magnetoresistive element of the first series circuit Two magnetoresistive elements and the first magnetoresistive element of the second series circuit are connected in parallel, More preferably, the difference between the potential of the connection portion in the first series circuit and the potential of the connection portion in the second series circuit is output as a differential voltage.
- the magnetic sensor can be formed as a bipolar-compatible magnetic sensor related to the polarity of the external magnetic field. Therefore, there is no restriction on the arrangement of the magnets that generate the external magnetic field as compared with the conventional one, and the assembly becomes easy.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 are partial schematic views of a foldable mobile phone incorporating the non-contact magnetic sensor of the present embodiment.
- FIGS. 5 and 7 are parts of the non-contact magnetic sensor of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 are circuit configuration diagrams of the magnetic sensor
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the non-contact type magnetic sensor cut along the line A-A shown in FIG. 10A is a graph showing the hysteresis characteristics of the first magnetoresistance effect element (RH curve)
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the hysteresis characteristics of the second magnetoresistance effect element (RH curve)
- FIG. 10C Is a graph combining the hysteresis characteristics of Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B (RH curve)
- Fig. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the external magnetic field and differential potential
- Fig. 12 is the gas pressure and power value during plasma treatment.
- the foldable mobile phone 1 includes a first member 2 and a second member 3.
- the first member 2 is on the screen display side, and the second member 3 is on the operating body side.
- a liquid crystal display, a receiver, and the like are provided on the surface of the first member 2 facing the second member 3.
- Various buttons, a microphone, and the like are provided on the surface of the second member 3 facing the first member 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the foldable mobile phone 1 is closed.
- the first member 2 includes a magnet 5 and the second member 3 includes a magnetic sensor 4. .
- the magnet 5 and the magnetic sensor 4 are disposed at positions facing each other.
- the magnetic sensor 4 may be arranged at a position shifted from the position facing the magnet 5 in a direction parallel to the direction in which the external magnetic field H 1 enters!
- the external magnetic field HI emitted from the magnet 5 is transmitted to the magnetic sensor 4,
- the magnetic sensor 4 detects the external magnetic field HI, thereby detecting that the foldable mobile phone 1 is in a closed state.
- the magnitude of the external magnetic field HI transmitted to the magnetic sensor 4 gradually decreases as the first member 2 moves away from the second member 3. Over time, the external magnetic field HI transmitted to the magnetic sensor 4 eventually becomes zero.
- the magnitude of the external magnetic field HI transmitted to the magnetic sensor 4 falls below a predetermined magnitude, it is detected that the foldable mobile phone 1 is in an open state, for example, the mobile phone 1 It is controlled by the control unit incorporated in the backlight so that the backlight on the back side of the liquid crystal display and the operation buttons shines.
- the magnetic sensor 4 of the present embodiment is a bipolar compatible sensor. That is, in Fig. 1, the N pole of the magnet 5 is on the left side of the figure and the S pole is on the right side of the figure. When the polarity is reversed as shown in Fig. 3 (N pole is on the right side and S pole is on the left side) The direction of the external magnetic field H2 exerted on the magnetic sensor 4 is reversed from the direction of the external magnetic field HI in FIG. In this embodiment, even in such a case, the state force when the foldable mobile phone 1 is closed as shown in FIG. 3 is detected appropriately when the mobile phone 1 is opened as shown in FIG. Come on! /
- the magnetic sensor 4 of this embodiment is mounted on a circuit board 6 built in the second member 3.
- the magnetic sensor 4 is provided with two first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 and two second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 on one element base 7.
- the magnetoresistive elements 10 to 13 constitute a bridge circuit.
- the first magnetoresistive element 10 and the second magnetoresistive element 12 are connected in series to form a first series circuit 14.
- the first magnetoresistance effect element 11 and the second magnetoresistance effect element 13 are connected in series to form a second series circuit 15.
- the first magnetoresistive effect element 10 of the first series circuit 14 and the second magnetoresistive effect element 13 of the second series circuit 15 are connected in parallel. It is.
- the second magnetoresistive effect element 12 of the first series circuit 14 and the first magnetoresistive effect element 11 of the second series circuit are connected in parallel.
- the first connection portion between the first magnetoresistance effect element 10 and the second magnetoresistance effect element 12 of the first series circuit 14 is a first output terminal.
- the second connection portion between the first magnetoresistive effect element 11 and the second magnetoresistive effect element 13 in the second series circuit 15 is a second output terminal 19.
- the terminals 16 to 19 are electrically connected to the terminals by wire bonding, die bonding or the like (not shown) on the circuit board 6.
- the first output terminal 18 and the second output terminal 19 are connected to a differential amplifier (op-amp) 20 and further connected to a control unit 21.
- op-amp differential amplifier
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 14 both have the following film configuration.
- the first magnetoresistive effect element 10 (11) and the second magnetoresistive effect element 13 (12) are both composed of the underlayer 30, the seed layer 31,
- the underlayer 30 is made of, for example, a nonmagnetic material such as one or more elements of Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr, Ti, Mo, and W.
- the seed layer 31 is made of NiFeCr or Cr.
- the antiferromagnetic layer 32 includes an element a (where ⁇ is one or more elements selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, and Os) and Mn, Or element ⁇ and element ⁇ '(where element ⁇ ' is Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Be, B, C, N, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni , Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Au, Pb, and rare earth elements) It is made of an antiferromagnetic material containing Mn.
- the antiferromagnetic layer 32 is made of IrMn or PtMn.
- the fixed magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layers 35 and 37 are formed of a magnetic material such as a CoFe alloy, a NiFe alloy, or a CoFeNi alloy.
- the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 is formed of a nonmagnetic conductive material such as Cu. In the case of a tunnel magnetoresistive effect element, the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 is formed of an insulating barrier layer such as TiOx.
- the protective layer 36 is made of Ta or the like.
- the pinned magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layers 35 and 37 are laminated ferrimagnetic structures (magnetic layer Z nonmagnetic layer Z magnetic layer laminated structure, the magnetic direction of two magnetic layers sandwiching the nonmagnetic layer) May be an antiparallel structure).
- the pinned magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layers 35 and 37 may have a laminated structure of a plurality of magnetic layers made of different materials.
- the antiferromagnetic layer 32 and the pinned magnetic layer 33 are formed in contact with each other, and therefore heat treatment in a magnetic field is performed.
- an exchange coupling magnetic field (Hex) is generated at the interface between the antiferromagnetic layer 32 and the pinned magnetic layer 33, and the magnetic field direction of the pinned magnetic layer 33 is pinned in one direction.
- the magnetic field direction 33a of the fixed magnetic layer 33 is indicated by the arrow direction.
- the magnetic field direction 33a of the fixed magnetic layer 33 is the X2 direction shown in the drawing.
- the magnetization directions of the free layers 35 and 37 are different between the first magnetoresistance effect element 10 and the second magnetoresistance effect element 13.
- the magnetic field direction 35a of the free magnetic layer 35 is the X2 direction shown in the figure
- the magnetic field direction 33a of the fixed magnetic layer 33 is Although in the same direction
- the magnetization 37a of the free magnetic layer 7 is in the XI direction shown in the figure, and is antiparallel to the magnetization direction 33a of the pinned magnetic layer 33.
- the external magnetic field HI shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is exerted on the magnetic sensor 4 from the X2 side in the figure toward the XI direction in the figure.
- the direction of this external magnetic field HI is defined as “positive direction (positive direction)”.
- the external magnetic field H2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is applied to the magnetic sensor 4 from the XI side in the figure toward the X2 direction in the figure, and the direction of the external magnetic field H2 is changed to the “negative direction”. (Negative direction) J.
- FIG. 10A is an RH curve showing the hysteresis characteristics of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11.
- force resistance change rate % whose vertical axis is the resistance value R may be used.
- the resistance value R of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 changes on the curve HR1. It grows gradually and grows gradually.
- X2 be the lowest resistance value where this resistance value R changes.
- the maximum resistance value is X3 in the part where When the position force of this maximum resistance value X3 gradually decreases the external magnetic field HI, the resistance value R of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 gradually decreases along the curve HR2, and eventually. The minimum resistance value X2 is reached.
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 are formed with a hysteresis loop (HR-A) surrounded by the curves HR1 and HR2 with respect to the change in magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field H1 in the positive direction.
- HR-A hysteresis loop
- the intermediate value of the maximum resistance value X3 and the minimum resistance value X2, and the center value of the spread width of the hysteresis loop HR-A is the “midpoint” of the hysteresis loop HR-A.
- the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 in FIG. 10B can also be obtained by the same method as described above.
- the spread width passing through the midpoint of the hysteresis loop HR-A is the same as twice the coercive force. If the coercive force is too small, there is a problem that chattering is likely to occur. Therefore, the coercive force is desirably large to some extent. The coercive force is adjusted to about 2.50e.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl is shifted in the positive magnetic field direction.
- the maximum resistance value X3 is maintained until the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field HI reaches the position B.
- the fixed magnetic layer will eventually be obtained. Since the magnetization 33a of 33 is directed in the direction of the external magnetic field HI and starts to be directed in the same direction as the magnetization 35a of the free magnetic layer 35, the resistance value R of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10, 11 gradually increases. Decreasing force In actual use, the magnet 5 whose external magnetic field HI is larger than the magnetic field strength B is not used.
- the resistance value 1 ⁇ of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 has a constant resistance value (fixed resistance value) X4 in the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction. Keep it.
- the hysteresis characteristics of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 will be described.
- FIG. 5 when an external magnetic field (positive magnetic field) HI is applied to the magnetic sensor 4, the magnetization 37a of the free magnetic layer 37 that is magnetized in the same direction as the external magnetic field HI fluctuates. do not do. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10B, even if the external magnetic field H 1 is increased in the positive direction from the position where the external magnetic field H is zero, the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 have a constant resistance value (fixed resistance value).
- the resistance value R shows a high resistance value
- the external magnetic field H2 absolute value
- the magnetization 37a of the free magnetic layer 37 starts to reverse
- the free magnetic layer Since the magnetization 37a of 37 approaches the direction of the magnetization 33a of the pinned magnetic layer 33, the resistance value R of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 gradually decreases along the curve HR3.
- X5 be the minimum resistance value where this resistance value R changes.
- the maximum resistance value is X6 where the resistance value R changes.
- this minimum resistance value X5 gradually decreases the external magnetic field H2 (absolute value) in the negative direction (that is, when the external magnetic field H2 approaches zero)
- the second magnetoresistance effect element 12, 13 The resistance value R gradually increases on the curve HR4 and eventually reaches the maximum resistance value X6, forming a hysteresis loop HR-B surrounded by the curves HR3 and HR4.
- the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 is shifted in the negative magnetic field direction.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl of the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 is shifted in the positive direction of the external magnetic field
- the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 is shifted in the negative direction of the external magnetic field, and by making the shift direction different in this way, a magnetic sensor compatible with bipolar 4 comes out.
- FIG. 10C shows the same RH curve for the hysteresis characteristics of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 shown in FIG. 10A and the hysteresis characteristics of the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 shown in FIG. 10B. It is the one on top.
- the first magnetoresistive element The resistance value R of 10 and 11 changes in resistance at the position of the hysteresis loop (HR—A).
- the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 have a constant resistance against the intensity change of the external magnetic field H1 in the positive direction. Resistance value (fixed resistance value) XI is maintained. That is, the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 function as fixed resistance elements with respect to the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction. Therefore, as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG.
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 function as elements that change resistance with respect to the intensity change of the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction, while the second magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11
- the magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 maintain a fixed resistance value XI as a fixed resistance. Therefore, if there is a change in the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction, the voltage value from the first output terminal 18 of the first series circuit 14 and the second output terminal 19 of the second series circuit 15 The voltage value of each changes.
- the second magnetic resistance value R of the effect elements 12 and 13 changes in resistance at the position of the hysteresis loop (HR—B).
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 have a constant resistance against the intensity change of the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction in which the resistances of the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 change. Value (fixed resistance (Resistance) Keeps X4. That is, the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 function as fixed resistance elements with respect to the negative external magnetic field H2. Therefore, as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG.
- the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 function as elements that change resistance with respect to the intensity change of the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction, while the first magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13
- the magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 maintain a fixed resistance value X4 as a fixed resistance. Therefore, if there is a change in the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction, the voltage value from the first output terminal 18 of the first series circuit 14 and the second output terminal 19 of the second series circuit 15 will be described. The voltage value from will vary.
- an output can be obtained from the magnetic sensor 4 with respect to a bidirectional external magnetic field in the positive direction and the negative direction. Therefore, either the orientation of the magnet 5 that generates the external magnetic fields HI and H2 is arranged as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or the opposite orientation as shown in FIGS.
- the magnets 5 there is no restriction on the arrangement of the magnets 5, so that the magnetic sensor 4 and the magnets 5 can be easily incorporated into the apparatus.
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 have the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl shifted in the positive direction, as described with reference to FIG. 10B.
- the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 is shifted in the negative direction.
- the magnetizations 33a and 35a of the fixed magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layer 35 are parallel to each other, and XI to X2 The direction is the same as the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction.
- the magnetizations 33a and 37a of the pinned magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layer 37 are antiparallel to each other, and the magnetization 33a of the pinned magnetic layer 33 is
- the magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 are oriented in the same direction as the magnetization 33a of the fixed magnetic layer 33, and the magnetization 37a of the free magnetic layer 37 is oriented from X2 to XI, that is, in the same direction as the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction ing.
- the inter-layer coupling magnetic field Hin varies depending on the magnitude of the gas flow rate (gas pressure) and the magnitude of the power value.
- the magnitude of the power shown in Fig. 12 is Wl> W2> W3, which is in the range of about 100W to 300W.
- the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin can be changed to a positive value negative value as the gas flow rate (gas pressure) or power value increases. Therefore, the gas flow rate and power value of the plasma treatment for the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 and the gas flow rate and power value of the plasma treatment for the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 are appropriately set.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 is shifted in the positive direction, while the second interlayer resistance of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 is shifted.
- the coupling magnetic field Hin2 can be shifted in the negative direction.
- the magnitude of the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin also varies with the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34.
- the magnitude of the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin is the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer when the antiferromagnetic layer, Z pinned magnetic layer, Z nonmagnetic intermediate layer, and Z free magnetic layer are stacked in this order from the bottom. It can be adjusted by changing.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl is a positive value, and when it is covered, the fixed magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layer 35 are not connected to each other. An interaction that tries to make the magnets parallel will work. Further, in the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13, the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 has a negative value, and when the force is applied, there is a mutual magnetic field between the fixed magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layer 37. Interaction that tries to make ⁇ antiparallel works.
- an exchange coupling magnetic field (Hex) in the same direction is generated between the antiferromagnetic layer 32 and the pinned magnetic layer 33 of each of the magnetoresistive effect elements 10 to 13 by heat treatment in the magnetic field, so that each of the magnetoresistive effect elements
- the magnetization 33a of the pinned magnetic layer 33 of 10 to 13 can be pinned in the same direction, and the interaction described above works between the pinned magnetic layer 33 and the free magnetic layers 35 and 37, and the magnetization state of FIG. It becomes.
- the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 tend to increase or decrease in resistance value based on the change in magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction
- the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 The tendency of the resistance value to increase or decrease based on the change in magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction of The partial magnetic field H shows the opposite tendency with respect to the non-magnetic state. That is, the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10, 11 show a tendency that the resistance value R gradually increases as the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction from the no magnetic field state increases, for example.
- the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 show a tendency that the resistance value R gradually decreases as the external magnetic field H2 (absolute value) in the negative direction from the no-magnetic field state increases.
- the element length dimension of the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 is L1, while the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13
- the element length dimension is L2.
- the element length dimension L1 is shorter than the element length dimension L2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10C, the resistance value R when the external magnetic field H is in the non-magnetic field state (zero) is the first magnetoresistive effect element 10, 11 is the second magnetoresistive effect element 12, 1 It is smaller than 3.
- the element resistance can also be changed by changing the cross-sectional area, material, and film configuration.However, in order to suppress variations in temperature coefficient (TCR) with a simple manufacturing process, the cross-sectional area and It is preferable to use the same material and film configuration.
- the thickness and material of each layer shown in FIG. 9 are the same for the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13. However, it is not excluded to change the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 in order to change the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin.
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 have the same film configuration. For example, if the pinned magnetic layer 33 of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 has an artificial ferrimagnetic structure, the pinned magnetic layer 33 of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 also has an artificial ferrimagnetic structure. In this embodiment, the manufacturing method is also simple.
- the plasma treatment conditions for the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 may be changed, at least the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 are connected to the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34. Can be manufactured in the same process. Further, the fixed magnetic layer 33 of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 and the fixed magnetic layer 33 of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 are fixed in the same magnetic direction 33a, so that the magnetic field The direction of the magnetic field during the intermediate heat treatment can be made the same, and the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 can be simultaneously subjected to the heat treatment in the magnetic field.
- the fixed resistance value XI of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 when the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction is acting is the magnetic field in the positive direction.
- the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 that change based on the strength change have a value that is larger than the minimum resistance value X2 and smaller than the maximum resistance value X3.
- the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 when the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction is acting is a second value that changes based on the change in the magnetic field strength in the negative direction.
- the magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 are larger than the minimum resistance value X5 and smaller than the maximum resistance value X6.
- the magnitude of the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl and the magnitude (absolute value) of the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 are the same.
- the output terminals 18 and 19 are connected to the differential amplifier 20, and the differential potential from the differential amplifier 20 and the external magnetic field H are The relationship is like curves D and F shown in Fig. 11.
- the differential potential is T1
- this T1 is, for example, a positive value (of course, even if it is a negative value by the control of the differential amplifier 20). This is explained here as a positive value).
- the resistance value R of the first magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 increases as described in FIG. 1 OC, but the second magnetoresistive elements 12 and 13 Functions as a fixed resistor, as shown by curve D in Figure 11.
- the differential potential begins to decrease gradually.
- the fixed resistance value XI of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 passes between the minimum resistance value X2 and the maximum resistance value X3 of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11. Therefore, when the external magnetic field HI increases to HI-A (see FIG. 11), the variable resistance value R of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 The fixed resistance values XI of the two match and the differential potential is zero
- the resistance value R of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12, 13 decreases as described in FIG.
- the magnetoresistive elements 10 and 11 function as fixed resistors, and the differential potential begins to gradually decrease as shown by the curve F shown in FIG.
- the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 passes between the minimum resistance value X5 and the maximum resistance value X6 of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13. Therefore, when the external magnetic field H2 increases to H2 ⁇ B (see FIG. 11), the resistance value R of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13 and the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 are fixed.
- the resistance values X4 match and the differential potential is zero.
- the variable resistance value R of the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10 and 11 and the second magnetoresistance effect there is a timing at which the differential potential becomes zero when the fixed resistance value XI of the elements 12 and 13 coincides, and similarly, when the negative external magnetic field H2 is acting, the second magnetoresistance effect There is a timing when the variable resistance value R of the elements 12 and 13 and the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11 coincide and the differential potential becomes zero.
- the threshold potential is used.
- the control unit 21 is provided with a comparison unit that compares the threshold potential with a differential potential that changes every time it is used. When the differential potential becomes the same as the threshold potential, that is, the differential potential. When the potential becomes zero, the control section 21 can switch the on / off signal.
- the ratio of resistance value X4-minimum resistance value X5) is the same.
- the magnitudes of the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl and the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 are the same, as shown in FIG.
- the magnitude of the external magnetic field H1 in the positive direction H1—A and the magnitude of the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction H2—B at the timing when the moving potential becomes zero can be the same. If a differential potential other than zero is used as the threshold potential, as shown in Fig. 11, the magnitude of the external magnetic field that becomes the threshold potential differs between the positive direction and the negative direction. It is preferable that
- the magnitudes of the (absolute values) are different, the magnitudes of the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction and the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction when the differential potential is zero are not the same. Therefore, in order to output the switching signal with the same external magnetic field magnitude in the positive direction and the negative direction, considering the offset amount, the external magnetic fields H1 and H2 in the positive direction and the negative direction are different. It is necessary to adjust the threshold potential.
- the fixed resistance value XI of the second magnetoresistive effect elements 12 and 13 is the hysteresis loop HR A of the first magnetoresistive effect elements 10 and 11. If not, and when the external magnetic field H2 is in the negative direction, the fixed resistance value X4 of the first magnetoresistance effect element is the hysteresis loop HR-B of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12 and 13. In the case of the curves G and H shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 11, the differential potential zero line cannot be set to the threshold potential as in this embodiment. It is necessary to adjust the threshold potential.
- the magnitude of the external magnetic field in the positive direction H 1 -A and the negative potential when the differential potential becomes the threshold potential is negative. Since the magnitude of the external magnetic field H2-B in the direction can be made the same, the threshold potential can be easily adjusted, and the operation can be performed with a stable force. That is, in this embodiment, when the external magnetic field HI in the positive direction acts on the magnetic sensor 4 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the mobile phone shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 is opened and the on signal is output. (Or when the mobile phone is closed and the off signal is output), and when the external magnetic field H2 in the negative direction acts on the magnetic sensor 4 as shown in FIGS.
- the magnetic sensor 4 capable of performing a stable operation even when the polarity of the external magnetic field H is different can be realized with a simple circuit configuration.
- the fixed resistance value XI is an intermediate value between the minimum resistance value X2 and the maximum resistance value X3
- the fixed resistance value X4 is a value between the minimum resistance value X5 and the maximum resistance value X6.
- An intermediate value is more preferable. This makes it possible to adjust the accuracy of the external magnetic field when switching the on / off signal so that the magnitude of the external magnetic field is the same in the positive and negative directions, and to achieve stable operation. It is preferable that the sensor 4 can be manufactured.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of a magnetic sensor having a form different from those in FIGS. 5 and 6, and FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of FIG.
- a first magnetoresistance effect element 40 and a second magnetoresistance effect element 41 are provided one by one, and the first magnetoresistance effect element 40 and the second magnetoresistance effect element 41 are provided. 41 and are connected in series.
- An input terminal 42 is connected to one end of the first magnetoresistive element 40, and a ground terminal 43 is connected to one end of the second magnetoresistive element 41, so that the first magnetoresistive element 41
- An output terminal 44 is connected to a connection portion between 40 and the second magnetoresistive element 41.
- the first magnetoresistance effect element 40 has a hysteresis characteristic shown in FIG. 10A
- the second magnetoresistance effect element 41 has a hysteresis characteristic shown in FIG. 10B. Therefore, the resistance change of the first magnetoresistive effect element 40 with respect to the change of the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field H1 in the positive direction, while the second magnetoresistive effect element 41 maintains a constant resistance value and is negative.
- the second magnetoresistive element 41 changes in resistance to the change in the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field H2 in the direction, but the first magnetoresistive element 40 maintains a constant resistance value and is bipolar. It becomes a magnetic sensor. Therefore, there is no restriction on the arrangement of the magnet 5 that generates the external magnetic field as compared with the conventional case, and the assembly becomes easy.
- Preferred film configurations, hysteresis characteristics, and the like of the first magnetoresistive effect element 40 and the second magnetoresistive effect element 41 are the same as those of the bridge circuit described above. Please refer to.
- the length dimension L1 of the first magnetoresistance effect elements 10, 11, 40 is about 1700 m
- the length dimension L2 of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12, 13, 41 is about 1700 m
- the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 of the resistor elements 10, 11, 40 is about 19-23 / ⁇ ⁇
- the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer 34 of the second magnetoresistance effect elements 12, 13, 41 is about 19 to 23 m.
- the conditions for the plasma treatment are, for example, a power value of 130 W and an Ar gas pressure of 45 m.
- the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin is adjusted by performing the above-described plasma treatment on one magnetoresistive element to obtain a negatively shifted interlayer coupled magnetic field. Adjusts the film thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer within a range of about 50 to 200 A so that a positively shifted interlayer coupling magnetic field can be obtained. By adjusting the film thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer, the surface state changes, and the interlayer coupling magnetic field changes accordingly.
- the first interlayer coupling magnetic field Hinl is about 7.5 to 17.50e
- the second interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin2 is about 17.5 to 7.50e, which is external in the usage range.
- the magnitude of the magnetic field H is
- the magnetic sensor 4 of the present embodiment is used for opening / closing detection of the folding mobile phone 1, but is used for opening / closing detection of a portable electronic device such as a game machine. May be.
- This embodiment can be used for applications that require a bipolar magnetic sensor 4 besides the above open / close detection.
- the magnetoresistive effect element is not particularly limited in shape, such as a meander shape other than a linear shape.
- the “magnetic sensor” is a set of a magnetic sensor 4 as a sensor unit and a magnet (external magnetic field generating means) 5, or only the magnetic sensor 4 as the sensor unit. Either of them may be used.
- FIG. 1 Partial schematic diagram of a folding mobile phone incorporating the magnetic sensor of the first embodiment when an external magnetic field HI acts in the positive direction (closed state)
- FIG. 2 Partial schematic view of the folding mobile phone with built-in magnetic sensor of the first embodiment when the external magnetic field HI acts in the positive direction (open and closed)
- FIG. 3 Partial schematic view of the folding mobile phone with the built-in magnetic sensor of the first embodiment when the external magnetic field H2 acts in the negative direction (closed state),
- FIG. 4 Partial schematic diagram of the folding mobile phone with the built-in magnetic sensor of the first embodiment when the external magnetic field H2 acts in the negative direction (open and closed),
- FIG. 5 is a partial plan view of a magnetic sensor according to the present embodiment when an external magnetic field HI acts in the positive direction;
- FIG. 7 is a partial plan view of a magnetic sensor according to the present embodiment when an external magnetic field H2 acts in the negative direction.
- FIG. 8 Circuit diagram of the magnetic sensor of FIG.
- FIG. 9 A partial cross-sectional view of the magnetic sensor as seen from the direction of the arrow, taken along the line A—A shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 A is an RH curve showing the hysteresis characteristics of the first magnetoresistive effect element, B is an RH curve showing the hysteresis characteristics of the second magnetoresistive effect element, and C is FIG. 10A and FIG. Fig. 1 RH curve with OB
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the gas flow rate (gas pressure) and power value and the interlayer coupling magnetic field Hin.
- FIG. 13 is a partial sectional view of the magnetic sensor of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the magnetic sensor shown in FIG.
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JP2008526686A JP4904352B2 (ja) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-02-07 | 磁気センサ |
EP07713899A EP2060926B1 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-02-07 | Magnetic sensor |
CN2007800356103A CN101517427B (zh) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-02-07 | 磁性传感器 |
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WO2009110608A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 | 磁気抵抗素子の製造方法及び磁気抵抗素子の製造装置 |
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US9474564B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2016-10-25 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for compensating for external impedance of an energy carrying component when controlling an electrosurgical generator |
US11506732B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2022-11-22 | Infineon Technologies Ag | XMR sensors with serial segment strip configurations |
JP6308784B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-08 | 2018-04-11 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 磁気センサ |
DE102017129346A1 (de) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-14 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Magnetsensorschaltungen und -systeme und Verfahren zum Bilden von Magnetsensorschaltungen |
WO2020040264A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | ホール素子 |
CN110398197B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-08-17 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种电子设备和信息处理方法 |
CN115406340B (zh) * | 2022-08-19 | 2024-07-12 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 位移测量机构、壳体组件及电子设备 |
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JP4904352B2 (ja) | 2012-03-28 |
JPWO2008012959A1 (ja) | 2009-12-17 |
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CN101517427A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
EP2060926A4 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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