WO2007142184A1 - 面発光型半導体レーザおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
面発光型半導体レーザおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007142184A1 WO2007142184A1 PCT/JP2007/061281 JP2007061281W WO2007142184A1 WO 2007142184 A1 WO2007142184 A1 WO 2007142184A1 JP 2007061281 W JP2007061281 W JP 2007061281W WO 2007142184 A1 WO2007142184 A1 WO 2007142184A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18355—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a defined polarisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18386—Details of the emission surface for influencing the near- or far-field, e.g. a grating on the surface
- H01S5/18391—Aperiodic structuring to influence the near- or far-field distribution
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- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/17—Semiconductor lasers comprising special layers
- H01S2301/176—Specific passivation layers on surfaces other than the emission facet
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04256—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04256—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration
- H01S5/04257—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration having positive and negative electrodes on the same side of the substrate
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
- H01S5/18313—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation by oxidizing at least one of the DBR layers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18322—Position of the structure
- H01S5/1833—Position of the structure with more than one structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/18369—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on dielectric materials
- H01S5/18372—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on dielectric materials by native oxidation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3201—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures incorporating bulkstrain effects, e.g. strain compensation, strain related to polarisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/42—Arrays of surface emitting lasers
- H01S5/423—Arrays of surface emitting lasers having a vertical cavity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface emitting semiconductor laser having an emission region of a laser beam on an upper surface and a method for manufacturing the same, and in particular, can be suitably applied to an application that requires a light output with a stable polarization direction.
- the present invention relates to a surface emitting semiconductor laser and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a surface emitting semiconductor laser emits light in a direction perpendicular to a substrate, unlike a conventional edge emitting type laser, and a large number of elements are arranged in a two-dimensional array on the same substrate. In recent years, it has attracted attention as a light source for digital copiers and printers.
- this type of surface-emitting type semiconductor laser has a pair of multilayer reflectors formed on a semiconductor substrate, and has an active layer serving as a light emitting region between the pair of multilayer reflectors. ing.
- One multilayer reflector is provided with a current confinement layer having a structure in which the current injection region is narrowed in order to increase the current injection efficiency into the active layer and lower the threshold current.
- an n-side electrode is provided on the lower surface side
- a p-side electrode is provided on the upper surface side
- a light emission port is provided on the p-side electrode for emitting laser light.
- the current is confined by the current confinement layer and then injected into the active layer, where it emits light, which is repeatedly reflected by a pair of multilayer reflectors as laser light as a laser beam.
- Light emission loca In this surface-emitting semiconductor laser, the current is confined by the current confinement layer and then injected into the active layer, where it emits light, which is repeatedly reflected by a pair of multilayer reflectors as laser light as a laser beam.
- the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser described above generally has non-uniformity in which the polarization direction varies due to variations in elements, and instability in which the polarization direction changes depending on the output and environmental temperature. Yes. Therefore, when such a surface emitting semiconductor laser is applied to a polarization-dependent optical element such as a mirror or a beam splitter, for example, when used as a light source for a digital copying machine or a printer, There is a problem that the variation in the polarization direction causes a difference in the image formation position and output, and blurring and color unevenness occur. [0005] Therefore, with respect to such problems, several technical capabilities have been reported that provide a polarization control function inside a surface emitting semiconductor laser and stabilize the polarization direction in one direction.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for controlling polarization by making the size of the post cross section smaller than the mode size of light.
- a discontinuous portion is formed in a part of the metal contact layer that does not affect the characteristics of the laser light emitted by the light emission locusr, and is formed at the boundary of the discontinuous portion.
- a technique for obtaining polarized light that is parallel to the direction is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2891133
- Patent Document 2 JP 2001-525995 gazette
- the above-mentioned inclined substrate is a special substrate having the (311) plane as a normal line, it is very expensive compared to a standard substrate (001) plane or the like. It is a thing.
- the epitaxial growth conditions such as the growth temperature, doping conditions and gas flow rate are completely different from those of the (001) plane substrate, so that it is difficult to manufacture easily. It is.
- the post cross-sectional size is made smaller than the light mode size, so that the optical output becomes as low as lmW, which is a light source for a digital copier or printer. It is not suitable for applications that require high output.
- Patent Document 2 as an example, a groove (discontinuous portion) having a depth of 4.0 to 4.5 m is formed at a position 7 ⁇ m away from the edge of the light exit port. It is said that polarized light in a direction parallel to the groove was obtained. However, if the distance on the short side of the resonance region is not reduced to such an extent that the diffraction loss effect occurs, the polarization direction is unidirectional. It is considered that the discontinuity formed in the range where the diffraction loss effect cannot be obtained (the distance on the short side is 7 m) cannot be stabilized.
- the present invention has been made in view of a serious problem, and an object of the present invention is to be able to manufacture easily and inexpensively, to stabilize the polarization direction of laser light in one direction and to increase the output. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface emitting semiconductor laser and a method of manufacturing the same.
- a surface-emitting type semiconductor laser includes a light emitting section in which a first multilayer reflector, an active layer having one or a plurality of light emitting regions, and a second multilayer reflector are stacked in this order on a substrate. It is provided. At least one of the first multilayer-film reflective mirror and the second multilayer-film reflective mirror has an ridge that is non-uniformly distributed in the direction of rotation about the light-emitting area around the area corresponding to the light-emitting area. ing. Note that some layer may be inserted between the first multilayer mirror and the active layer, or between the active layer and the second multilayer mirror.
- the oxide layer is unevenly distributed, so that stress due to the oxidized portion is generated unevenly in the active layer.
- the uneven distribution of the acid ridge has anisotropy, anisotropic stress due to the acid ridge is generated in the active layer, so the direction parallel to the direction of the stress.
- One of the polarization component and the polarization component in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the stress are strengthened, and the other polarization components are suppressed. As a result, the polarization component of the laser light is fixed in the negative direction.
- a method of manufacturing a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to the present invention includes the following steps (A) to (D).
- a groove having a non-uniform depth corresponding to the width of the opening is formed by dry etching, and the depth of the groove is accommodated by subsequent oxidation.
- an unevenly distributed oxidized portion is formed.
- the uneven depth of the groove has anisotropy
- the distribution of the acid ridge has anisotropy similar to that of the groove, and anisotropic stress due to the oxidized portion is applied to the active layer. Therefore, one of the polarization component in the direction parallel to the direction of the stress and the polarization component in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the stress is intensified, and the other polarization components are suppressed. Thereby, the polarization component of the laser beam is fixed in one direction.
- At least one of the first multilayer reflector and the second multilayer reflector is around the region corresponding to the light emitting region, with the light emitting region as the center. Since the acid pot portion that is unevenly distributed in the rotating direction is provided, the polarization direction of the laser light can be stabilized in one direction.
- a groove having a non-uniform depth corresponding to the width of the opening is formed by dry etching, and the depth of the groove is formed by subsequent oxidation.
- an unevenly distributed acid ridge is formed, so that the polarization direction of the laser light can be stabilized in one direction.
- the substrate does not need to be a special substrate such as a (ni l) plane substrate (n is an integer), and even a (100) plane substrate does not work, and can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
- a (ni l) plane substrate n is an integer
- a (100) plane substrate does not work, and can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
- it is not necessary to provide the oxide portion in the region corresponding to the light emitting region it is possible to emit almost all of the high-power laser light when the light output is reduced.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, the polarization direction of the laser light is stabilized in one direction and the output is increased. Can do.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of the laser of FIG. 1 in the direction of arrows AA.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of the laser in FIG. 1 in the direction of arrows BB.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of the laser in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the lower DBR mirror layer in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a planar configuration of the oxide layer and the current confinement layer in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view showing another example of the cross-sectional configuration of the lower DBR mirror layer of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged view showing another example of the cross-sectional configuration of the lower DBR mirror layer in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view and a top view for explaining the manufacturing process of the laser shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the process following FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the process following FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a relationship diagram illustrating a comparative example of the relationship between the extinction ratio between orthogonal polarizations and the supplied power.
- FIG. 14 is a relationship diagram showing an example of the relationship between the orthogonal polarization extinction ratio and the depth of the groove 22A.
- 15 A diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in one direction of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in another direction of the surface emitting semiconductor laser according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the laser shown in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the process following FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a top view of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of a cross-sectional configuration in one direction of the transverse mode adjustment layer in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged view showing a cross-sectional configuration in another direction of the transverse mode adjustment layer of FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a top view of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to another modification.
- FIG. 23 is a top view of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the laser of FIG. 23 in the direction of arrows AA.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the laser of FIG. 24 in the direction of arrows AA.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the laser in FIG. 24 in the direction of arrows BB.
- FIG. 27 is a top view of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to one modification.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows AA of FIG.
- FIG. 29: 1 This is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the laser of FIG.
- FIG. 30: 1 This is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the laser of FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a surface emitting semiconductor laser according to one modification.
- FIG. 32: 1 A diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in a direction perpendicular to the cutting direction of the laser of FIG.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a modification of the laser shown in FIG.
- FIG. 34 1
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a modification of the laser shown in FIG.
- FIG. 36 1
- FIG. 37: 1 is a top view of a modification of the laser shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 38 is a top view of another modification of the laser shown in FIG.
- FIG. 39: 1 is a top view of another modification of the laser shown in FIG.
- FIG. 40: 1 is a top view of still another modification of the laser shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 41 is a top view of a modification of FIG.
- FIG. 38 is a top view of another modification of FIG.
- FIG. 43 is a top view of a modified example of the laser of FIG. 37.
- FIG. 44 is a top view of another modification of FIG.
- FIG. 45 is a top view of another modification of the same, FIG.
- FIG. 46 is a top view of a variation of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a top view of the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 shows the cross-sectional configuration of the surface-emitting semiconductor laser 1 in FIG. 1 in the direction of arrows A—A
- FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional configuration of the surface-emitting semiconductor laser 1 in FIG.
- Represents the cross-sectional structure of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 1 in FIG. 5 shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration of the lower DBR mirror layer 11 (described later) in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows modifications of the cross-sectional configuration of the lower DBR mirror layer 11 in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the distribution (shape) of the upper surface force of the current confinement layer 17 and the oxidized portion 11 A (described later) through the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 of FIG.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 includes a light emitting unit 20 on one surface side of a substrate 10.
- the light emitting unit 20 includes a lower DBR mirror layer 11 (first multilayer reflector), a lower spacer layer 14, an active layer 15, an upper spacer layer 16, a current confinement layer 17, and an upper portion from the substrate 10 side.
- a DBR mirror layer 18 (second multilayer mirror) and a contact layer 19 are laminated in this order.
- a part of the lower DBR mirror layer 11, the lower spacer layer 14, the active layer 15, the upper spacer layer 16, the current confinement layer 17, the upper DBR mirror layer 18 and the contact layer 19 For example, a cylindrical mesa portion 21 having a width of about 10 m to 30 m and a groove portion 22 surrounding the mesa portion 21 are formed.
- the groove portion 22 is an annular groove having a non-uniform width, and has a non-uniform depth corresponding to (proportional to) the width of the groove. Specifically, in the portion corresponding to one axis (A-A line in FIG. 1) that is parallel to the laminated surface and passes through the central portion of the mesa portion 21, the radial width is Ly and the circumferential direction is A pair of grooves 22A having a width Lx is provided, and a pair of grooves 22B having a radial width AR is provided in communication therewith.
- the groove 22A has a depth D1 that reaches the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 (described later) of the lower DBR mirror layer 11.
- the groove 22B has a depth D2 that does not reach the lower first DBR mirror layer 12. That is, the depth D2 of the groove 22B is shallower than the depth D1 of the groove 22A, and accordingly, the height of the mesa portion 21 is not uniform corresponding to the depth of the groove portion 22, The layer structure exposed on the side surface of the mesa portion 21 differs depending on the depth of the groove portion 22.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the groove 22B reaches the lower second DBR mirror layer 13 (described later) of the lower DBR mirror layer 11.
- Lx and Ly are about 5 m or more, preferably about a magnitude so that the etching rate described later is not slow.
- AR is smaller than Lx and Ly, and it is preferable that the etching rate of groove 22B is slower than that of groove 22A due to the loading effect described later. It is more preferable that it is 2 ⁇ m.
- the substrate 10 is, for example, an n-type GaAs substrate, and this GaAs substrate is, for example, a (100) plane substrate. However, it may be a special substrate such as (nl 1) plane substrate (n is an integer)! / ,.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has a structure in which a lower first DBR mirror layer 12 (third multilayer reflector) and a lower second DBR mirror layer 13 (fourth multilayer reflector) are laminated in this order also on the substrate 10 side force. have.
- the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 is formed by laminating a plurality of sets of a low refractive index layer 12A and a high refractive index layer 12B.
- the low refractive index layer 12A is, for example, ⁇ -type Al Ga As with an optical thickness of ⁇ Z4 (where ⁇ is the oscillation wavelength).
- the high refractive index layer 12B is made of n-type AlGaAs having an optical thickness of ⁇ ⁇ 4, for example. Bottom ⁇ 2 1 - ⁇ 2
- the second DBR mirror layer 13 is formed by laminating a plurality of pairs of the low refractive index layer 13A and the high refractive index layer 13B.
- the low refractive index layer 13A is made of, for example, n-type AlGaAs with an optical thickness of Z4, and the high refractive index layer 13B is made of, for example, n ⁇ 3 1 - ⁇ 3 with an optical thickness of ⁇ Z4.
- n-type impurities for example, silicon (Si) or selenium x4 1— x4
- A1 composition values xl to x4 in the lower DBR mirror layer 11 satisfy the following formula.
- the low refractive index layer 12A of the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 has the property of being easily oxidized or less oxidized than the current confinement layer 17 that is more easily oxidized than the low refractive index layer 13A of the lower second DBR mirror layer 13. is doing.
- (x3, xlO) means x3 or xlO
- (x2, x4) means x2 or x4.
- X9 is the value of the A1 composition contained in the material constituting the current confinement layer 17
- xlO is the value of the A1 composition contained in the material constituting the low refractive index layer of the upper DBR mirror layer 18.
- 0.8 corresponds to the boundary between the refractive index of the low refractive index layer and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer.
- An oxidized portion 30 is formed by oxidizing a part of the low refractive index layer 12A in a region surrounding a region corresponding to (a light emitting region 15A described later) and surrounding the groove 22A.
- the oxidized portion 30 becomes a pair of oxide layers 31 A and 32 A, and the pair of oxide layers 31 A and 32 A corresponds to the light emitting region 15 A of the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 (this region is a current injection described later). It is also an area corresponding to area 17B).
- the grooves 22 are formed so as to correspond to the deeper grooves 22A of the grooves 22. That is, the oxide layer 30 is non-uniformly distributed in the direction of rotation about the light emitting region 15A, and non-uniform stress corresponding to the distribution is generated in the active layer 15.
- the distance Doxl is preferably larger than Dox2, and if it is desired to suppress higher-order transverse mode oscillation, DOX2 + 1 / Z m or more and 15 m or less are preferable. Furthermore, when it is desired to further suppress higher-order transverse mode oscillation, it is preferably Dox2 +: m or more and 10 / z m or less. Further, when it is desired to suppress the loss of luminous efficiency due to the oxide layers 31A and 32A, the distance Doxl is preferably larger than Dox2, more preferably 1.1 X DOX2 or more.
- the oxide layers 31A and 32A include Al 2 O (acid aluminum) and will be described later.
- each of the oxide layers 31 A constitutes a multilayer film 31 (first multilayer film) that is laminated in the lower DBR mirror layer 11 via the high refractive index layer 12B, and each of the oxide layers 32A.
- a multilayer film 32 (second multilayer film) arranged in a stack via the high refractive index layer 12B is formed.
- the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 should be exposed at the portion of the side surface of the mesa portion 21 facing the groove 22B. Therefore, the portion other than the portion adjacent to the groove 22A is excluded from that portion.
- the acid layers 31A and 32A are distributed.
- the low refractive index layer 12A of the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 is not limited to the above-mentioned configuration.
- the optical thickness is kept at ⁇ ⁇ 4, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. It is also possible to make such a configuration.
- the first refractive index layer 12C made of Al Ga As x5 1—x5 and the second refractive index layer 12D made of Al Ga As are placed on the substrate 10 side or x6 1—
- the A1 composition values x2 to x6 are set to satisfy the following formula (2), and as shown in FIG. 8, the third refraction made of Al Ga As Index layer 12E, Al ⁇ 7 1 - ⁇ 7 x
- First refractive index layer 12C made of Ga As and second refractive index layer 12 made of Al Ga As 12
- the Al composition values x2 to x7 are set to satisfy the following formula (3).
- I ⁇ x5 x9> (x6, x3, ⁇ )> 0.8. ( ⁇ 2, ⁇ 4) ⁇ 0 ... (2)
- the lower spacer layer 14 also has, for example, an Al Ga As (0 ⁇ 8> 1) force.
- Active layer 15 is ⁇ 8 1 - ⁇ 8
- GaAs material GaAs material.
- a region facing a current injection region 17B which will be described later, becomes a light emitting region 15A
- the central region (light emitting center region) of the light emitting region 15A mainly becomes a region where fundamental transverse mode oscillation occurs, and the light emitting region 15A Of these, the outer edge region surrounding the emission center region is the region where high-order transverse mode oscillation occurs mainly.
- the upper spacer layer 16 also has, for example, an Al Ga As (0 to xl2 to 1) force.
- the upper spacer layer 16 preferably does not contain impurities, but may contain p-type or n-type impurities.
- p-type impurities include zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and beryllium (Be).
- the current confinement layer 17 has a current confinement region 17A in its outer peripheral region, and a current injection region 17B in its central region.
- the current injection region 17B also has, for example, p-type Al Ga As (0 ⁇ 9 1 - ⁇ 9 and x9 ⁇ l) force.
- Current confinement region 17A contains Al ⁇ (acid ⁇ aluminum)
- the lateral side force of the mesa portion 21 is also included in the Al Ga As layer 17D.
- the current confinement layer 17 has a function of confining current.
- the current injection region 17B has a quadrilateral (for example, rhombus) shape having diagonal lines in the [Oil] direction and the [01-1] direction, and has in-plane anisotropy.
- the current confinement region 17 A thus becomes a quadrilateral having diagonal lines in the [Oi l] direction and [01-1] direction because the oxidation rate of Al G x9 a As is in the [Oi l] direction and [011] — 1] direction and these directions and 45 °
- the length Dox2 of the diagonal line of the current injection region 17B is preferably 8 m or less in order to suppress high-order transverse mode oscillation. Furthermore, when it is desired to further suppress higher-order transverse mode oscillation, it is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the upper DBR mirror layer 18 is formed by laminating a plurality of pairs of a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer.
- the low refractive index layer is, for example, ⁇ -type A with an optical thickness of ⁇ ⁇ 4 1 Ga As (0 xlO 1) force
- the high refractive index layer is, for example, p-type xlO 1 -xlO with optical thickness ⁇ ⁇ 4
- the contact layer 19 is made of, for example, p-type GaAs xll 1 -xll
- a protective film 23 is also provided on the outer edge portion of the upper surface of the mesa portion 21, the inner surface of the groove portion 22, and the contact layer 19 on the surface other than the mesa portion 21. Is formed.
- an annular upper electrode 24 having a light emission port 24A is formed in a region corresponding to the above current injection region 17B.
- An upper electrode pad 25 is formed on the upper surface.
- a connection portion 26 is formed on the surface of the protective film 23 including the groove 22B. Through the connection portion 26, the upper electrode 24 and the upper electrode are formed. Pad 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- a lower electrode 27 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 10.
- the protective film 23 is formed of an insulating material such as an oxide or nitride, for example, and is formed so that the peripheral portion force of the contact layer 19 covers the inner surface of the groove portion 22 and the vicinity thereof.
- the upper electrode 24 and the upper electrode pad 25 are formed by laminating, for example, a titanium (Ti) layer, a platinum (Pt) layer, and a gold (Au) layer in this order, and are electrically connected to the contact layer 19. ing.
- the connection portion 26 is formed by forming a plating layer on a laminated structure in which, for example, a Ti layer, a Pt layer, and an Au layer are laminated in this order.
- the lower electrode 27 has, for example, a structure in which an alloy layer of gold (Au) and germanium (Ge), a nickel (Ni) layer, and a gold (Au) layer are sequentially stacked from the substrate 10 side. It is electrically connected to the substrate 10.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 according to the present embodiment can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B to 11A and 11B show the manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- 9 (A), 10 (A), and 11 (A) show the cross-sectional configuration of the device in the manufacturing process cut in the same direction as the direction of arrows A—A in FIG.
- Fig. 9 (A) shows the top configuration of Fig. 9 (A)
- Fig. 10 (B) and Fig. 11 (B) show the cross-sectional configuration of the device in the manufacturing process cut in the same direction as the direction of arrows B-B in Fig. 1. Represents each.
- the compound semiconductor layer on the substrate 10 made of GaAs is formed by, for example, the MOCVD (Meta 1 Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- MOCVD Metal 1 Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
- TM trimethylaluminum
- TMG trimethylgallium
- TMIn trimethylindium
- AsH3 arsine
- H2 Se is used as a source of donor impurities
- DMZ dimethylzinc
- a resist layer R having an annular opening W having a non-uniform width is formed on the surface of the contact layer 19 (FIGS. 9A and 9B).
- the opening W is connected to a pair of circular openings W1 having a radial width Ly and a circumferential width Lx, and a pair of circles having a radial width AR. It consists of an arcuate opening W2.
- etching is performed from the contact layer 19 side by, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE). Then, the non-uniform width of the opening W causes a loading effect, and the etching rate in the narrow opening W2 is slower than that in the wide opening W1. As a result, a groove 22A having a depth D1 is formed corresponding to the opening W1, and a groove 22B having a depth D2 is formed corresponding to the opening W2 (FIGS. 10A and 10B). Thus, by forming the groove 22A and the groove 22B, the mesa portion 21 is formed in the portion surrounded by the groove 22A and the groove 22B.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- oxidation treatment is performed at a high temperature in a water vapor atmosphere, and the inner force of the groove 22 selectively oxidizes Al in the low refractive index layer 12A and the AlGaAs layer 17D. This reduces the low ⁇ 9 1- ⁇ 9
- the peripheral region of the groove 22 is an insulating layer (acid ⁇ 9 1- ⁇ 9
- each of the low refractive index layers 12A the region around the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A of the active layer 15 and surrounding the groove 22A is opposed to each other with the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A in between.
- a pair of multilayer films 31, 32 are formed, and a current confinement region 17A having an opening corresponding to the light emitting region 15A is formed, and the opening becomes a current injection region 17B (FIGS. 11A and 11B). ).
- the non-uniform depth can be obtained by a single etching process.
- the groove portion 22 can be formed. Further, by performing the oxidation treatment using the grooves 22 having the uneven depth, the oxidized portions 30 that are unevenly distributed in the direction of rotation about the light emitting region 15A can be easily formed. be able to.
- the insulating material is deposited by etching after depositing the insulating material over the entire surface around the mesa portion 21, the groove portion 22, and the groove portion 22 by, for example, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the mesa portion 21 is selectively removed to expose the contact layer 19 (FIGS. 2A and 2B).
- the light emission port 24A is formed on the upper surface of the mesa portion 21 (the portion where the contact layer 19 is exposed) by, for example, selective etching.
- the upper electrode pad 25 is formed at a location away from the mesa portion 21. Further, the connection part 26 is formed by plating to electrically connect the upper electrode 24 and the upper electrode pad 25, and the back surface of the substrate 10 is appropriately polished to adjust its thickness, and then the back surface of the substrate 10 is adjusted. A lower electrode 27 is formed. Finally, the substrate 10 is divided into small chips by dicing. In this way, the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 is manufactured.
- the depth D 1 of the groove 22A when the depth D 1 of the groove 22A is changed by changing the etching time, the number of the low refractive index layers 12A exposed on the inner surface of the groove 22A changes. Therefore, if the etching time is lengthened and the depth D1 of the groove 22A is increased, the number of exposed low refractive index layers 12A increases, and conversely, if the etching time is shortened and the depth D1 of the groove 22A is decreased. The number of exposed low refractive index layers 12A is reduced. At this time, the depth D2 of the groove 22B also changes according to the etching time, but when it is changed within the above range, the low refractive index layer 12A is not exposed on the inner surface of the groove 22B.
- the stress in the direction in which the grooves 22B facing the grooves 22B of the low refractive index layer 12A are almost oxidized is not generated in the active layer 15. Therefore, even if the depth D1 of the groove 22A is shallow, it is possible to generate a stress in the active layer 15 in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other, and in proportion to the depth D1 of the groove 22A (in proportion to ), The stress in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other can be increased. That is, it is possible to freely set the magnitude of the anisotropic stress generated in the active layer 15.
- the low refractive index layer 12A is divided into a layer having a high A1 composition and a low layer.
- the acidity rate of the low refractive index layer 12A can be freely controlled by changing the thickness of these layers while keeping the A1 composition of these layers constant. be able to. For example, since it is possible to achieve an oxidation rate equivalent to that when the low-refractive index layer 12A is a single layer, the lower DB R is reduced when the low-refractive index layer 12A is a single layer.
- the low refractive index layer 12A is more easily oxidized than the low refractive index layer 13A and is equivalent to the current confinement layer 17? It is more resistant to acidification and can be a property.
- the A1 composition value x9 of the current confinement layer 17 and the A1 composition value x5 of the first refractive index layer 12C are each set to 1, and the second refractive index layer 12D A1 composition value x6, third refractive index layer 12E A1 composition value x7, low refractive index layer 13A A1 composition value x3 and upper DBR mirror layer 18 low refractive index layer A1 composition value xlO, respectively
- the distance Doxl can be set to Dox2 + 1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the A1 composition of the low refractive index layer 12A is high, the A1 composition value of the layer is made the same as the A1 composition value of the current confinement layer 17, and the A1 composition of the low refractive index layer 12A is further It is also possible to make the A1 composition value of the lower layer the same as the A1 composition value of the low refractive index layer of the upper DBR mirror layer 18. In such a case, when the low refractive index layer 12A is formed, the doping conditions used in manufacturing the current confinement layer 17 and the upper DBR mirror layer 18 and the epitaxial growth conditions such as the gas flow rate are used. Therefore, the low refractive index layer 12A can be easily manufactured.
- the active layer 15 is passed through the current injection region 17B in the current confinement layer 17.
- a current is injected, which causes light emission due to recombination of electrons and holes.
- This light is reflected by the pair of lower DBR mirror layer 11 and upper DBR mirror layer 18, generates laser oscillation at a predetermined wavelength, and is emitted to the outside as a laser beam.
- the oxidized portions 30 that are unevenly distributed around the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A in the direction of rotation about the light emitting region 15A. Therefore, the tensile stress due to the oxidized portion 30 is generated non-uniformly in the active layer 15.
- the oxidation parts 30 face each other with a region including the light emitting region 15A in between.
- the grooves 22A have an anisotropic distribution in a direction facing each other. Therefore, an anisotropic tensile stress corresponding to the distribution is generated in the active layer 15.
- FIGS. 12 (A), (B), and FIGS. 13 (A), (B) represent examples of the extinction ratio between orthogonal polarizations of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 1 of the present embodiment. 12 (A), (B), and Fig. 13 (A), (B) in the order of lmW (milliwatt), 2 mW, 3 mW, and 4 mW.
- the depth D1 of the groove 22A is fixed to 4.65 m (the number of layers of the multilayer films 31 and 32 is 4).
- the horizontal axis represents the extinction ratio between orthogonal polarizations
- the vertical axis represents the number of samples.
- the depth D1 of the groove 22A is 4.65 m (the number of layers of the multilayer films 31 and 32 is 4). ), The polarization component is fixed in one direction when the supplied power is 1 or 2 mW. Further, from the result illustrated in FIG. 14, when the depth D1 of the groove 22A is set to 4.7 m or more (when the number of layers of the multilayer films 31 and 32 is set to 7 or more), the polarization component is fixed in one direction. You can see that Such a tendency does not occur only when the layer structure of the lower DBR mirror layer 11 illustrated in FIGS. 5, 7, and 8 is used, but when the layer structure in other embodiments described later is used. Also occurs.
- the extinction ratio between orthogonal polarizations also changes by changing the distance Doxl between the pair of oxide layers 31A and 32A, it is within a preferable range for suppressing high-order transverse mode oscillation.
- the polarization component having a sufficiently large extinction ratio between orthogonal polarizations is fixed in one direction.
- the pair of multilayer films 31 and 32 that are arranged to face each other with the light emitting region 15A interposed therebetween are formed into the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 Since the polarization component of the laser light can be fixed in one direction, the polarization direction of the laser light can be stabilized in one direction.
- a general (100) plane substrate which does not need to be a special substrate such as a (ni l) plane substrate (n is an integer) can be used. Therefore, general (100) plane substrate doping conditions and epitaxial growth conditions such as gas flow rate can be used. Thereby, it can manufacture simply and cheaply.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has a structure in which the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 and the lower second DBR mirror layer 13 are stacked in this order also on the substrate 10 side force.
- the depth D1 of 22A is increased, the number of layers (thickness) of the pair of multilayer films 31 and 32 included in the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 can be increased.
- the anisotropic stress can be increased according to the number of layers (thickness) of the pair of multilayer films 31 and 32, and the polarization controllability can be improved.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has the structure as described above! /, So the bottom of the shallower groove 22B is somewhere in the lower second DBR mirror layer 13. If formed, there is no possibility of affecting the polarization controllability. In other words, it is not necessary to precisely control the depth of the groove 22B in the manufacturing process. Even if the depth of the groove 22B varies, the polarization of each surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 1 can be reduced. There should be no variation in controllability.
- the force that the value xl of the A 1 composition of the low refractive index layer 12A in the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 is equal to the value x9 of the A1 composition of the current confinement layer 17, or In the case of almost equality! /,
- the reflectance in the low refractive index layer 12A is higher than that in the low refractive index layer 13A in the lower second DBR mirror layer 13.
- the side force of the upper DBR mirror layer 18 can also increase the output of light emitted to the outside.
- the low refractive index layer 12A includes AlGaAs
- the thermal conductivity of the low refractive index layer 12A increases when the Al1 composition value is increased. The heat dissipation can be improved.
- the anisotropic stress can be increased as the number of layers (thickness) of the pair of multilayer films 31 and 32 is increased. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the oxidized portion 30 even in the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A. This In addition, almost no high power laser light can be emitted when the light output is lowered by the acid bath 30.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, the polarization direction of the laser light can be stabilized in one direction, and the output can be increased.
- the groove 22 formed around the mesa portion 21 has a depth at least enough to penetrate the active layer 15. Therefore, the current path from the upper electrode 24, the upper electrode pad 25, and the connection portion 26 to the active layer 15 exists only inside the mesa portion 21. Thereby, there is no possibility that the current injection efficiency is lowered by forming the groove 22 around the mesa 21.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has a structure in which the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 and the lower second DBR mirror layer 13 are stacked in this order from the substrate 10 side.
- the lower second DBR mirror layer 13 is omitted from the mirror layer 11, and the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has the same configuration as the lower second DBR mirror layer 13.
- the low refractive index layer 12A in the lower DBR mirror layer 11 is formed only in the groove 22A. It will also be exposed inside. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 18 (A) and 18 (B), a portion facing the groove 22B is formed just by forming the acid ridge portion 40 in a portion facing the groove 22A in the low refractive index layer 12A. Will also be formed. However, since the depth D1 of the groove 22A is larger than the depth D2 of the groove 22B, the number of layers on the groove 22A side is larger than the number of layers on the groove 22B side of the oxidized portion 40.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 is unevenly distributed around the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A in the direction of rotation around the light emitting region 15A. Since the oxide layer portion 40 is provided, the stress due to the oxidized portion 40 is generated non-uniformly in the active layer 15.
- the oxidized portion 40 is formed of an annular multilayer film having an anisotropic thickness with the number of layers on the groove 22A side being larger than the number of layers on the groove 22B side, and the grooves 22A are different in directions facing each other. Therefore, anisotropic stress corresponding to the distribution is generated in the active layer 15.
- the direction of the stress generated in the active layer 15 coincides with the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other, as in the above embodiment. As a result, the polarization component in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the stress is strengthened, while the polarization component in the direction parallel to the direction of the stress is suppressed.
- the number of layers on the groove 22A side is larger than the number of layers on the groove 22B side, and the annular multilayer film having anisotropy in thickness Since the oxide part 40 made of is provided in the lower DBR mirror layer 11, the polarization component of the laser beam can be fixed in one direction, and as a result, the polarization direction of the laser beam can be stabilized in one direction. Can be converted.
- the substrate does not need to be a special substrate such as a (ni l) plane substrate (n is an integer), and a general (100) plane substrate does not work.
- General (100) plane substrate doping conditions and epitaxial growth conditions such as gas flow rates can be used. Thereby, it can manufacture simply and cheaply.
- the anisotropic stress can be increased, so that the region corresponding to the light emitting region 15A is oxidized. It is not necessary to provide the buttock 40. As a result, it is possible to emit a laser beam with a high output almost without the light output of the acid bottle 40 being lowered.
- the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 2 can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, and the polarization direction of the laser light is stabilized in one direction. Can be output.
- FIG. 19 shows a top surface configuration of the surface emitting semiconductor laser 3 according to the third embodiment.
- 20 shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the light exit 24A in the cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows A—A in FIG. 19.
- FIG. 21 shows the light emission in the cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows B—B in FIG.
- This surface emitting semiconductor laser 3 is connected to the light exit 24A.
- it is different from the configuration of the above embodiment in that it includes a transverse mode adjustment layer 50.
- the transverse mode adjustment layer 50 includes a first adjustment layer 51, a second adjustment layer 52, and a third adjustment layer 53.
- the first adjustment layer 51 and the second adjustment layer 52 are the central region of the light exit 24A. That is, the layers are stacked in this order mainly in the region where the fundamental transverse mode oscillation occurs.
- the third adjustment layer 53 is formed in an outer peripheral region surrounding the central region, that is, a region where high-order transverse mode oscillation mainly occurs.
- the first adjustment layer 51 and the second adjustment layer 52 are arranged in order to further reduce higher-order transverse mode oscillation in the direction in which the grooves 22B face each other.
- the direction width is a rectangular shape narrower than the width in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other, other shapes, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, may be a circular shape.
- the first adjustment layer 51 has a thickness of (2a-1) ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ (a is an integer of 1 or more, n is a refractive index), and the refractive index is provided on the surface of the upper DBR mirror layer 18 It is made of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer, for example, a dielectric such as SiO (acid silicon).
- First adjustment layer 51 has a thickness of (2a-1) ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ (a is an integer of 1 or more, n is a refractive index), and the refractive index is provided on the surface of the upper DBR mirror layer 18 It is made of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer, for example, a dielectric such as SiO (acid silicon).
- the width in the direction in which the grooves 22B face each other is substantially the same as the region where the fundamental transverse mode oscillation mainly occurs, and is preferably 3 or more and 5.0 m or less.
- the second adjustment layer 52 has a thickness of (2b-l) ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ (b is an integer of 1 or more, n is a refractive index),
- a material with a refractive index n higher than that of the first adjustment layer 51 for example, dielectric such as SiN (silicon nitride)
- the third adjustment layer 53 has a thickness of (2c-1) ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ (where c is an integer of 1 or more and ⁇ is the refractive index).
- a material whose refractive index ⁇ is lower than that of the first adjustment layer 51 for example, dielectric such as SiN (silicon nitride)
- the second adjustment layer 52 and the third adjustment layer 53 are preferably made of the same film thickness and material. As a result, these layers can be collectively formed, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the reflectance of the central region of the light exit port 24A is R
- the reflectance of the outer edge region surrounding the central region is R
- the reflectance when these adjustment layers are not provided in the light exit port 24A is Let R
- each refractive index so as to satisfy the relationship between 2 3 and the following formula. As a result, it is possible to suppress only higher-order transverse mode oscillation without reducing the optical output of the fundamental transverse mode.
- the light output in the fundamental transverse mode tends to decrease as the central portion force of the light exit opening that is the largest in the center portion of the light exit opening is also separated. For this reason, when a surface emitting semiconductor laser is used for high-power applications, it is preferable to enlarge the light exit so that a large amount of fundamental transverse mode laser light can be extracted.
- the light output of the high-order transverse mode generally tends to decrease as it goes to the center portion of the light exit port that is the largest in a region away from the center portion of the light exit port. If the light exit is made too large, even high-order transverse mode laser light may be output at a high output.
- the first adjustment layer 51 and the second adjustment layer 52 are stacked in this order in the central region of the light emission port 24A, and the third adjustment layer 53 is provided in the light emission port 24A. It is provided in the peripheral area of the central area. As a result, the reflectance of the peripheral region is lower than that of the central region. As a result, the polarization direction of the laser light can be stabilized in one direction, and only higher-order transverse mode oscillation can be suppressed without reducing the light output of the fundamental transverse mode.
- the first adjustment layer 51 is provided on the contact layer 19 that also has a semiconductor material force, it is very easy to selectively etch the first adjustment layer 51.
- the first adjustment layer 51, the second adjustment layer 52, and the third adjustment layer 53 need to have complicated shapes, the surface emitting semiconductor laser 3 can be easily manufactured.
- FIG. 23 shows a top surface configuration of the surface emitting semiconductor laser 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 4 in FIG.
- Fig. 25 shows the cross-sectional structure of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 4 shown in Fig.
- FIG. 26 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 4 in FIG. Note that the cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows BB and CC in FIG. 23 is the same as that of the surface-emitting type semiconductor laser 1 of the first embodiment.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser 4 includes a semiconductor layer 28 formed on the inner wall of the groove 22A including the side wall of the mesa portion 21, and a surface of the semiconductor layer 28. Of these, it differs from the configuration of the above embodiment in that it includes a pair of electrodes 29A and 29B formed on a part of the portion corresponding to the bottom surface of the groove 22A.
- the semiconductor layer 28 has, for example, an NPN structure in which an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked from the inner wall side of the trench 22A by epitaxial crystal growth (regrowth). Yes.
- the electrodes 29A and 29B have a structure in which, for example, an AuGe alloy layer, a Ni layer, and an Au layer are stacked in order on the bottom side force of the groove 22A, and are electrically connected to the surface of the semiconductor layer 28.
- the electrodes 29A and 29B also expose the opening force formed at the bottom of the groove 22A in the protective film 23.
- the electrodes 29A and 29B are connected to the inner wall of the groove 22A including the mesa portion 21 via the semiconductor layer 28 having the NPN structure. Even if a DC voltage (bias) is applied between electrodes 29A and 29B, current does not flow inside mesa 21. Also, when current is passed between upper electrode 24 and lower electrode 27 for laser drive. In addition, the current does not flow to the electrodes 29A and 29B. Therefore, when a DC voltage (bias) is applied between the electrodes 29A and 29B, an electric field can be formed in the mesa portion 21.
- This electric field is formed in a direction opposite to the electrodes 29A and 29B (the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other) and in a direction substantially parallel to the in-plane direction of the mesa portion 21, and the presence of this electric field Absorption loss increases in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other.
- the polarization component whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other is strengthened, while the polarization component in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other is suppressed. Therefore, the polarization component of the laser beam can be fixed in one direction, and as a result, the polarization direction of the laser beam can be stabilized in one direction.
- a part of the mesa portion 21 (side wall on the groove 22A side) is covered with the semiconductor layer 28. Therefore, the heat of the mesa portion 21 can be dissipated to the outside through the semiconductor layer 28, and the heat dissipation is superior to those in the above embodiments.
- the semiconductor layer 28 and the electrodes 29A and 29B have a simple structure, and the semiconductor layer 28 can be easily formed by regrowth.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser 4 can be easily manufactured.
- the semiconductor layer 28 is formed in the groove 22A. As shown in the surface emitting semiconductor laser 5 in FIGS. 27 to 30, the semiconductor layer 28 is formed even in the groove 22B. It is also possible to fill the groove 22B with the semiconductor layer. In this case, since most of the mesa portion 21 (side walls on the side of the grooves 22A and 22B) is covered with the semiconductor layer 28, the portion of the semiconductor layer 28 embedded in the groove 22B is interposed. The heat of the mesa unit 21 can be effectively dissipated, and the heat dissipation is superior to the case of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a top view of the surface emitting semiconductor laser 5 according to this modification
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 27
- FIG. 29 is a CC arrow in FIG.
- the cross-sectional configuration diagrams in the viewing direction are respectively shown.
- the cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 27 is the same as that in FIG. 24, and FIG. 30 shows the cross-sectional configuration in the direction of arrows AA in FIG.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has a structure in which the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 and the lower second DBR mirror layer 13 are stacked in this order from the substrate 10 side.
- FIG. 32 the lower first DBR mirror layer 13 is inserted in the middle of the lower second DBR mirror layer 13, and the lowermost layer of the oxide layers 31, 32 is sufficiently higher than the bottom surface of the groove 22A.
- the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 may be arranged so as to be positioned.
- FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional configuration in the direction corresponding to the direction of arrows A—A in FIG. 1
- FIG. 32 shows a cross-sectional configuration in the direction corresponding to the direction of arrows BB in FIG. It is.
- the lower DBR mirror layer 11 has a structure in which the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 is inserted in the middle of the lower second DBR mirror layer 13, and the lowermost layers of the oxide layers 31 and 32 are formed from the bottom surface of the groove 22A. If the lower first DBR mirror layer 12 is arranged so that it is sufficiently high, even if the tapered shape and the depth of the groove 22A vary, Variations in the magnitude of the stress applied to the active layer 15 in the semiconductor laser 1 can be prevented.
- the shape of the groove 22A in view of the upper surface side force is substantially a quadrilateral shape.
- the groove 22A has a fan shape as shown in FIG.
- it can be shaped like a nail cross section.
- the case where only one mesa portion 21 is provided is described.
- a plurality of mesa portions 21 are arranged in an array,
- the groove portions 22 around each mesa portion 21 may be formed in communication with each other.
- the shape of the groove 22 may be a shape like a cross section of a nail as shown in FIGS.
- the groove portions 22 around the respective mesa portions 21 are formed so as to communicate with each other, in the wafer before the surface emitting semiconductor laser 1 is diced into a chip, the wafer generated by the epitaxial crystal growth. Overall warpage can be reduced. As a result, the amount of warpage remaining on each individual chip after dicing can be reduced, and each chip can be reduced. The variation in the warp amount of the head can be reduced.
- the groove portion 22 has a fan shape
- the groove 22A and the groove 22A have the same facing direction as shown in Figs. 43 and 44
- the light exit ports 24A of the respective mesa portions 21 The polarization component of the laser beam emitted from the laser beam can be fixed in one direction.
- the polarization direction of the laser beam can be stabilized in one direction while increasing the output.
- FIG. 45 when the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other is staggered, a voltage is applied to each mesa part 21 surrounded by the groove part 22 in the direction in which the grooves 22A face each other.
- the surface emitting semiconductor laser is configured so that the period in which the voltage is applied and the period in which the voltage is applied to each mesa part 21 surrounded by the groove part 22 in the other direction is opposite to each other. By driving, it is possible to stabilize the polarization direction of the laser light in one direction and switch the polarization direction as necessary.
- the plurality of mesa units 21 included in one column and the plurality of mesa units 21 included in the other column may be arranged differently.
- the present invention has been described by taking an AlGaAs compound semiconductor laser as an example.
- other compound semiconductor lasers such as GalnP, AlGalnP, InGaAs, GalnP, It can also be applied to compound semiconductor lasers such as InP, GaN, GalnN, and GalnNAs.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800211369A CN101467314B (zh) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-06-04 | 面发光型半导体激光管及其制造方法 |
| US12/227,443 US7920615B2 (en) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-06-04 | Surface-emitting laser diode and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006159317 | 2006-06-08 | ||
| JP2006-159317 | 2006-06-08 | ||
| JP2007123558A JP5250999B2 (ja) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-05-08 | 面発光型半導体レーザ |
| JP2007-123558 | 2007-05-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007142184A1 true WO2007142184A1 (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
Family
ID=38801435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/061281 Ceased WO2007142184A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-06-04 | 面発光型半導体レーザおよびその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7920615B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5250999B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20090016696A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101467314B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007142184A1 (ja) |
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| US8363687B2 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2013-01-29 | Sony Corporation | Vertical cavity surface emitting laser |
| USRE48577E1 (en) | 2008-01-10 | 2021-06-01 | Sony Corporation | Vertical cavity surface emitting laser |
| CN101834408A (zh) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-15 | 索尼公司 | 半导体激光器及其制造方法 |
| US8098703B2 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2012-01-17 | Sony Corporation | Laser diode and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008016824A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
| CN101467314B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
| KR20090016696A (ko) | 2009-02-17 |
| CN101467314A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
| JP5250999B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
| US7920615B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
| US20090129417A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
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