WO2007132769A1 - 細胞電位測定デバイスとそれに用いる基板、細胞電位測定デバイス用基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
細胞電位測定デバイスとそれに用いる基板、細胞電位測定デバイス用基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007132769A1 WO2007132769A1 PCT/JP2007/059743 JP2007059743W WO2007132769A1 WO 2007132769 A1 WO2007132769 A1 WO 2007132769A1 JP 2007059743 W JP2007059743 W JP 2007059743W WO 2007132769 A1 WO2007132769 A1 WO 2007132769A1
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- cell potential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
- G01N33/5438—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48707—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material by electrical means
- G01N33/48728—Investigating individual cells, e.g. by patch clamp, voltage clamp
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
Definitions
- Cell potential measuring device substrate used therefor, and method for producing substrate for cell potential measuring device
- the present invention relates to a cell potential measuring device for measuring electrophysiological activity of a cell, a substrate used therefor, and a method for manufacturing a substrate for a cell potential measuring device.
- the Notch clamp method is one of the conventional methods for elucidating the function of ion channels existing in cell membranes and screening (inspecting) drugs using the electrical activity of cells as an index.
- notch clamp method a small part (patch) of the cell membrane is gently aspirated with the tip of the micropipette.
- the current across the patch is measured at a fixed membrane potential using a microelectrode probe provided on the micropipette. This makes it possible to electrically measure the opening and closing of one or a few ion channels in the patch.
- This method is one of the few methods that can examine the physiological functions of cells in real time.
- the notch clamp method requires special techniques and skills for the production and operation of a micropipette, and it takes a lot of time to measure one sample. Therefore, it is not suitable for high-speed screening of a large number of drug candidate compounds.
- flat-plate microelectrode probes using microfabrication technology have been developed. Such a microelectrode probe is suitable for an automated system that does not require the insertion of a micropipette for each individual cell. An example will be described below.
- Patent Document 1 is an electrode disposed below a plurality of through holes provided in a cell holding substrate, and measures the voltage-dependent ion channel activity of a subject cell adhered to the opening of the through hole.
- the technology to do is disclosed.
- a 2.5 / zm through-hole was formed inside a cell-supporting substrate made of silicon oxide, and high adhesion was achieved by holding HEK293 cells, a type of human cell line, in this through-hole.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a cell potential measuring device 1 shown in FIG.
- the cell potential measurement device 1 includes a substrate 2 and an electrode layer 3 disposed above the substrate 2.
- a recess 4 is formed on the upper surface of the substrate 2, and a through hole 5 penetrating from the lower portion of the recess 4 to the lower surface of the substrate 2 is provided.
- a first electrode 6 is disposed inside the electrode layer 3, and a second electrode 7 is disposed inside the through hole 5. Further, the second electrode 7 is connected to the signal detection unit via the wiring 8.
- a subject cell (hereinafter referred to as a cell) 10 and an electrolytic solution 9 are injected into the electrode layer 3.
- the cell 10 is captured and retained by the recess 4.
- the cell 10 is sucked from below the through-hole 5 with a suction pump or the like and is held in close contact with the opening of the through-hole 5. That is, the through hole 5 plays the same role as the tip hole of the glass pipette.
- the functionality and pharmacological reaction of the ion channel of the cell 10 is analyzed by measuring the voltage or current between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 before and after the reaction and determining the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell 10.
- the concave portion 4 as described above, the length of the through hole 5 is reduced even if a thick substrate 2 is used to ensure mechanical strength, and the processing is facilitated. Further, the suction force to the cells 10 from below the substrate 2 is increased.
- the recess 4 When the recess 4 is formed, the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 4, particularly around the through hole 5, increases. This phenomenon is caused by providing a resist mask having a mask hole with an opening diameter of 3 m or less on the upper surface of the substrate 2 in order to form the through-hole 5, and dry-etching the substrate 2 through this resist mask. This is particularly noticeable when forming. Also, when forming the recess 4, the recess whose horizontal etching rate is faster than the depth etching rate. The shape symmetry of the recess 4 is low, such as a step formed in the middle of 4.
- the fine mask hole force is caused by the fact that the etching gas does not diffuse uniformly when the etching gas is filled in the recess 4 I think that.
- the surface roughness of the recesses 4 is low in symmetry with a large shape. This also contributes to a decrease in the adhesion (seal resistance) between the cell 10 and the through-hole 5, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 1 is lowered.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2002-518678
- Patent Document 2 Pamphlet of International Publication No. 02Z055653
- the present invention relates to a cell potential measuring device having reduced through hole depth variations and improved measurement accuracy, a substrate used therefor, and a method for manufacturing a substrate for a cell potential measuring device.
- the cell potential measuring device of the present invention includes a substrate, a first electrode tank, a first electrode, a second electrode tank, and a second electrode.
- the first electrode tank is disposed above the substrate, and the second electrode tank is disposed below the substrate.
- the first electrode is disposed inside the first electrode tank, and the second electrode is disposed inside the second electrode tank.
- the substrate has a single crystal plate force having a (100) -oriented or (110) -oriented diamond structure.
- the substrate has a first surface in which a recess is formed and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
- a through hole is formed from the recess toward the second surface.
- the recess has an inner wall that extends from the opening of the through hole to the outer periphery and is curved and connected to the first surface.
- Such a substrate is manufactured as follows. That is, a resist mask having a mask hole is formed on the first surface of the single crystal plate as described above using a photomask, and a recess is formed on the first surface by dry etching. Then, the recess force is also penetrated to the second surface by dry etching to provide a through hole having the same opening diameter as the mask hole. Thereby, the variation in the length of the through hole can be reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cell potential measuring device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing manufacturing steps of the chip shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 5 of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 6 for the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG. 2, showing the manufacturing steps subsequent to FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 8, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10A is a view showing a scanning electron microscope image of the substrate in the cell potential measuring device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of an image observed with a scanning electron microscope shown in FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the (111) plane orientation on the (100) plane oriented single crystal silicon plate, which is the substrate of the cell potential measuring device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the position of (111) plane orientation in a (1 10) plane oriented single crystal silicon plate, which is the substrate of the cell potential measuring device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 16, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 17, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 18, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 19, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 20, of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is an enlarged sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional cell potential measuring device.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cell potential measuring device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- the cell potential measuring device 11 includes a well plate 12, a chip plate 13 disposed on the bottom surface of the well plate 12, and a flow path plate 14 disposed on the bottom surface of the chip plate 13.
- a chip 22 having a substrate 15 and a side wall 22 A in which the lower surface force of the substrate 15 rises is inserted into the opening of the chip plate 13, and a first electrode tank 16 is provided above the substrate 15.
- a first electrode 17 is disposed inside the first electrode tank 16 and on the top surface of the chip plate 13.
- a second electrode tank 18 is provided below the chip plate 13 between the channel plate 14.
- a second electrode 19 is disposed inside the second electrode tank 18 and on the lower surface of the chip plate 13.
- a recess 20 is formed on the upper surface (first surface) of the substrate 15, and the through hole extends from the deepest portion of the recess 20 toward the lower surface (second surface) of the substrate 15.
- 21 is formed vertically. That is, the substrate 15 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
- the recess 20 is formed on the first surface, and the through hole 21 is formed from the recess 20 toward the second surface. Has been.
- the recess 20 is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape having an inner wall that extends to the outer periphery around the opening of the through-hole 21 and smoothly curves and rises upward.
- the surface roughness of the inner wall of the through hole 21 is larger than the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20.
- the substrate 15 is a silicon single crystal plate having a diamond structure and has a plane orientation of (100).
- the arrow B in Fig. 3 shows the normal vector of (100) plane orientation.
- the thickness of the substrate 15 is about.
- the (100) plane orientation includes (010) plane orientation and (001) plane orientation which are equivalent due to the symmetry of the crystal structure.
- the diameter of the opening of the recess 20 is about 30 m, and the minimum opening diameter of the through hole 21 is 3 m. Since the recess 20 has a substantially hemispherical shape, the depth of the recess 20 is approximately 15 m, and the length of the through hole 21 is approximately 5 m.
- the minimum opening diameter of the through hole 21 and the diameter of the opening of the recess 20 are determined by the size, shape, and properties of the cell 25 that is the subject.
- the minimum opening diameter of the through hole 21 is set to be larger than 0 m and not larger than 3 m. It is desirable.
- the length of the through hole 21 is set according to the pressure at the time of suction in order to accurately suck the cell 25 into the through hole 21 as will be described later. In the present embodiment, the length of the through hole 21 is set to about 2 m to 10 m.
- the operation of the cell potential measuring device 11 will be described.
- the first electrode tank 16 is filled with cells 25 and the first electrolytic solution 23
- the second electrode tank 18 is filled with the second electrolytic solution 24.
- the cell 25 and the first electrolyte solution 23 are attracted to the through-hole 21 by reducing the pressure below the substrate 15 or pressurizing the top. At this time, the cells 25 are captured in the recesses 20 and are held so as to close the openings of the through holes 21. Thereafter, the cells 25 are retained in the recesses 20 under reduced pressure or increased pressure.
- examples of the first electrolyte solution 23 include potassium ion (K +) 155 mM (mmol / dm 3 ), sodium ion (Na +) 12 mM, chloride ion (C ⁇ ) Is added, and the second electrolyte 24 is an aqueous solution containing 4 mM K +, 145 mM Na +, and 123 mM Cl_. Note that the first electrolytic solution 23 and the second electrolytic solution 24 may be the same or different ones as in the present embodiment.
- a drug such as nystatin is input as the downward force of the substrate 15 to form micropores in the cells 25.
- chemical or physical stimulation is applied to the cells 25.
- Chemical stimuli include chemicals, poisons, and physical stimuli include mechanical mutation, light, heat, electricity, and electromagnetic waves.
- cell 25 responds actively to these stimuli, cell 25 releases or absorbs various ions through ion channels in its cell membrane. Then, an ionic current passing through the cell 25 is generated, and the potential gradient inside and outside the cell 25 changes. This change is detected by measuring the voltage or current between the first electrode 17 and the second electrode 19 before and after the reaction.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps of the chip shown in FIG.
- a resist mask 27 is formed on the lower surface of the chip substrate 26 having a (100) -oriented single crystal silicon plate material force.
- a predetermined depth is etched from the lower surface of the chip substrate 26 to form the chip 22 having the substrate 15 on the upper surface. Thereafter, the resist mask 27 is removed.
- a resist mask 28 is formed on the upper surface (first surface) of the substrate 15.
- the shape of the mask hole 29 of the resist mask 28 is designed to be substantially the same as the shape of the opening of the through hole 21 in FIG.
- the opening diameter of the mask hole 29 is also 3 ⁇ m.
- the resist mask 28 is preferably made of a material that is not easily etched so that the shape of the mask hole 29 does not change. Specifically, it is desirable to use silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or a mixture thereof.
- a recess 20 is formed on the upper surface of the substrate 15 by dry etching.
- the substrate 15 is silicon, SF or SF is used as an etching gas to promote etching.
- the substrate 15 is etched into a hemispherical saddle shape.
- a through hole 21 is formed that penetrates from the deepest part of the recess 20 to the lower surface (second surface) of the substrate 15 in the vertical direction.
- the aforementioned etching gases SF, CF, NF, XeF
- the mixed gas can be used.
- a protective film made of CF polymer is formed on the surface. Therefore, the through hole 21
- the deepest part force of the recess 20 can also be made to progress vertically toward the lower surface of the substrate 15.
- FIG. 10A shows an observation result from an angle of 30 ° with respect to the surface of the substrate 15.
- the direction of the through hole 21 is It can be tilted and may do this.
- the first electrode 17 is formed on the upper surface of the chip plate 13 and the second electrode 19 is formed on the lower surface by metal vapor deposition or electroless plating. Putting on.
- the first electrode 17 and the second electrode 19 may be shared with a plurality of chips 22 that may be formed for each chip 22.
- the well plate 12 is attached to the upper surface of the chip plate 13 and the chip 22 is mounted in the opening of the chip plate 13. Then, the flow path plate 14 is attached to the lower surface of the chip plate 13.
- the cell potential measuring device 11 is completed by disposing the first electrode tank 16 above the substrate 15 and the second electrode tank 18 below the substrate 15, respectively.
- a silicon single crystal plate having a (100) -oriented diamond structure is used for the substrate 15. Therefore, even if the recess 20 is formed by dry etching, the unevenness of the surface of the recess 20 is reduced, and etching proceeds uniformly. As a result, the formed recess 20 has a shape with excellent symmetry about the opening of the through hole 21. This Thus, the depth of the concave portion 20 can be easily calculated as the opening diameter force of the concave portion 20 capable of measuring the appearance force. Then, the length of the through hole 21 can be calculated from the depth of the recess 20 and the thickness of the substrate 15. As a result, the variation in length of the through hole 21 can be reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measurement device 11 can be improved.
- the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20 is reduced. Therefore, the adhesion (seal resistance) between the through hole 21 and the cell 25 can be enhanced by capturing the cell 25 in the smooth recess 20. As a result, the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11 can be improved.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the substrate 15 having a (100) -oriented single crystal silicon plate force used in the present embodiment.
- the vector A shows the normal vector of the (111) plane orientation on the (100) plane oriented substrate 15, and the vector B shows the normal vector of the (100) plane orientation.
- the vector A has an inclination of 35.3 ° with respect to the upper surface of the substrate 15 and has a (111) orientation at an angle of 54.7 ° with respect to the upper surface of the substrate 15.
- the substrate 15 has such a vector A at a uniform position from the center O in a concentric hemispherical shape.
- the silicon forming the substrate 15 has a diamond crystal structure, and all silicon atoms are connected to each other by four bond limbs. And this (111) plane orientation has the highest silicon atom density, and there are three bonding limbs between silicon, the surface force of the substrate 15 extends downward, and there is only one free bonding limb on the surface layer. Yes.
- the (100) plane orientation exists such that two free limbs protrude the surface force of the substrate 15, and the reactivity is high. Therefore, the etching in the direction of the normal vector B of (100) plane orientation is much faster than the etching in the direction of the normal vector A of (111) plane orientation.
- the (100) -oriented silicon substrate 15 used in the present embodiment has a fast etching in the direction of the vector B, so that the etching of the recess 20 in the depth direction is promoted. Furthermore, since the vectors A exist in an even radial pattern, it is considered that the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20 can be reduced easily so that the etching can proceed symmetrically. As a result, the shape of the recess 20 becomes a hemispherical shape with excellent symmetry.
- the etching conditions such as the etching cache time are as follows. While confirming, it can be adjusted easily and the manufacturing process can be simplified. And recess
- the length of the through hole 21 can be set with high accuracy. Further, since the surface of the recess 20 becomes smooth, the adhesion between the cell 25 and the through-hole 21 is enhanced, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11 is improved.
- N, Ar, He, H, or a mixture thereof is used as an etching gas used for dry etching.
- the molar ratio of the etching gas to the carrier gas is preferably more than 0 and not more than 2.0.
- a carrier gas having such a composition and molar ratio the aforementioned diffusion of the etching gas becomes uniform, and the smoothness of the recess 20 can be improved.
- an etching gas is injected from above the resist mask 28 into the recess 20 and filled for a predetermined time. After that, the etching gas is sucked (removed) and collected, and the etching gas is filled and recovered again. Such an operation is preferably repeated a plurality of times. This facilitates uniform diffusion of the etching gas.
- the through hole 21 can be formed in a substantially straight line while repeatedly forming slight irregularities on the inner wall of the through hole 21. Therefore, the length of the through-hole 21 can be designed with higher accuracy, and the cells 25 bite into the irregularities in the vicinity of the opening of the through-hole 21, and the adhesion between the cell 25 and the through-hole 21 is improved. .
- a single resist mask 28 is used, and the recesses 20 and the through holes 21 are formed in this order by dry etching. Therefore, the position of the opening of the through hole 21 can be accurately determined at the deepest portion of the recess 20. Since the cell 25 falls according to gravity, it is easily trapped in the deepest part of the recess 20. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11 is improved by setting the position of the opening of the through hole 21 to the deepest part of the recess 20. Further, a plurality of sets of the recesses 20 and the through holes 21 can be formed in substantially the same shape, and variation in measurement error due to variation in shape between these sets is reduced, so that measurement accuracy is improved.
- the recess 20 has an inner wall that rises smoothly from the opening of the through hole 21 to the upper periphery.
- the cell 25 follows the gravity and can smoothly roll into the through hole 21 along the inner wall. Accordingly, the cells 25 are accurately captured in the recesses 20 and the adhesion between the cells 25 and the through-holes 21 is increased, which contributes to improving the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11.
- FIG. 12 and 13 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the (111) plane orientation on the (110) plane oriented single crystal silicon plate, which is the substrate of the cell potential measurement device according to the present embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that (110) -oriented single crystal silicon is used as the material of the substrate 15A. The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the (110) plane orientation includes (101) plane orientation and (011) plane orientation which are equivalent due to the symmetry of the crystal structure.
- the substrate 15A which also has a (110) -oriented single crystal silicon plate force has a (111) oriented orientation at angles of 90 ° and 35.3 ° with respect to the surface. That is, the vector A is a normal vector of the (111) plane orientation in the (110) plane orientation, and has an inclination of 90 ° or 54.7 ° from the center O of the substrate 15A.
- Vector C is a normal vector of (110) plane orientation, and the dotted line indicates the reference line on the substrate 15A.
- the shape of recess 20A is a substantially semi-elliptical sphere. As shown in FIG. 14, since the normal vector A of (111) plane orientation is not evenly arranged in a concentric hemisphere from the center O, the etching shape of the surface of the substrate 15A is close to an ellipse. It is to become.
- a (110) -oriented single crystal silicon plate is used as the substrate 15A.
- the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20A is reduced, and a smooth shape is obtained. Therefore, the recess 20A has a shape with excellent symmetry about the opening of the through hole 21. Therefore, if the relationship between the opening diameter and depth of the recess 20A is calculated for each etching condition, the depth of the recess 20A can be determined from the opening diameter of the recess 20A that can measure the appearance force under the same etching conditions. Can be calculated. As a result, the length of the through hole 21 can be designed with high accuracy. it can.
- the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20A is reduced, and the recess 20A has a smooth shape. Therefore, the adhesion between the through-hole 21 and the cell 25 is improved, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11 is improved.
- the shape of the recess 20A is a substantially semi-elliptical sphere. Therefore, when an ellipsoidal cell 25 is a measurement target, the cell 25 can be stably held in the recess 20A, which contributes to improvement in measurement accuracy.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the chip 31 in the present embodiment includes a substrate 15 having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m, a silicon oxide layer 30 having a thickness of about 2 ⁇ m, and a lower silicon layer 32 having a thickness of about 400 to 500 m.
- the silicon oxide layer 30 is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 15, and the lower silicon layer 32 is formed on the lower surface of the silicon oxide layer 30, and constitutes a side wall in which the lower surface force of the substrate 15 is also raised.
- the substrate 15 also has a (100) -oriented single crystal silicon plate force. The rest is the same as in the first embodiment. Note that the vector shown in FIG. 15 is a normal vector of (100) plane orientation.
- FIGS. 16 to 21 are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps of the chip shown in FIG.
- a resist mask 34 is formed on the upper surface of the substrate 15 of the chip substrate 33.
- the chip substrate 33 is composed of three layers: a substrate 15, a silicon oxide layer 30 and a lower silicon layer 32.
- the substrate 15 has a thickness of about 20 m and has a (100) -oriented single crystal silicon plate force.
- a silicon oxide layer 30 having a thickness of about 2 m is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 15.
- the lower silicon layer 32 having a thickness of about 00 to 500 ⁇ m is disposed on the lower surface of the silicon oxide layer 30.
- the shape of the mask hole 35 of the resist mask 34 is designed to be substantially the same as the shape of the through hole 21 of FIG. In this embodiment, since the minimum opening diameter of the through hole 21 is 3 ⁇ m, the opening diameter of the mask hole 35 is also 3 ⁇ m.
- the top surface force of the substrate 15 is also etched by dry etching using a ching gas to form the recess 20.
- the method for forming the recess 20 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the chemical layer 30 becomes an etching stop layer. That is, the silicon oxide layer 30 is an etching stop layer having an etching rate smaller than that of the material constituting the substrate 15.
- the length of the hole 21A can be formed as designed, and the hole 21A can be formed with high accuracy by a simple method.
- the silicon oxide layer 30 is formed so that the upper surface force of the substrate 15 is CF, for example.
- the through hole 21 is formed. Thereafter, the resist mask 34 is removed. Then, as shown in FIG. 20, a resist mask 38 is formed on the lower surface of the lower silicon layer 32. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 21, the through hole 21 is completed by etching from the lower surface of the lower silicon layer 32 to the silicon oxide layer 30. Also at this time, since the silicon oxide layer 30 becomes an etching stop layer, the thickness of the substrate 15 can be adjusted with high accuracy. As a result, the through hole 21 can be made to have a highly accurate length. Since other effects are the same as those in the first embodiment, they are omitted.
- the inner wall shape can be a shape having excellent symmetry without a step. Furthermore, if the surface has few irregularities, the factors that influence the shape are reduced, and therefore, when a plurality of recesses 20 are formed, the uniformity of those shapes can be improved. That is, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained.
- an etching stop layer is formed of silicon nitride (Si 2 N 4) using silicon oxide layer 30 as an etching stop layer.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the upper surface of the substrate 15 and the inner wall of the recess 20 are covered with a silicon oxide film 37. That is, a film 37 having an insulating material force is provided at least on the surface of the recess 20.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the surface roughness of the inner wall of the recess 20 is further reduced and smoothed. Accordingly, the cells 25 are easily adhered to the opening of the through hole 21, and the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measuring device 11 is improved. Further, by using an insulator as the material of the film 37, the electrical insulation between the upper part and the lower part of the through hole 21 is enhanced, which contributes to the improvement of the reliability of measurement accuracy.
- the film 37 As a material of the film 37, a material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a mixture thereof other than silicon oxide can be used.
- the film 37 made of silicon oxide or silicon nitride can be formed by sputtering silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
- a film 37 is not formed on the inner wall of the through-hole 21 having a large aspect ratio, and the film 37 is formed only on the upper surface of the substrate 15 and the inner wall of the recess 20.
- the chip 22 made of silicon is heat-treated in an oxygen atmosphere, a film 37 having a silicon oxide property is formed on the entire surface of the chip 22.
- the film 37 may be provided with the film 37 having an insulating material force on the surface of the recess 20 at least.
- the hydrophilicity of the inner wall of the recess 20 is improved as compared with the case where the film 37 is not coated.
- the hydrophilicity of the inner wall of the recess 20 is improved, so that the cell 25 is more closely attached to the inner wall of the recess 20. Retained.
- the contact angle between the cell 25 and the surface of the recess 20 is reduced to about 1Z3 compared to the case without the film 37. The other effects are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are therefore omitted.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG. The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the chip 22 is turned upside down and placed on the chip plate 13 in FIG.
- the substrate 15 is a (100) -oriented silicon plate
- the through-hole 21 is formed on the upper surface (second surface) of the substrate 15, and the lower surface (first surface) is formed.
- a recess 20 is formed.
- the recess 20 has a substantially hemispherical shape, and has an inner wall that extends from the opening of the through hole 21 to the outer periphery and is smoothly curved and connected to the upper surface.
- the inner wall surface of the recess 20 is smooth, bubbles generated on the inner wall of the recess 20 are reduced. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the pressure when the cells 25 are sucked into the through-hole 21 from being transmitted due to the presence of bubbles. Therefore, the cell 25 can be brought into close contact with the through hole 21 accurately.
- the surface roughness of the through hole 21 is made larger than the surface roughness of the recess 20.
- the unevenness of the inner wall of the through-hole 21 becomes an anchor effect for the cell 25, and the adhesion with the through-hole 21 can be further improved without forming the concave portion 20 on the upper surface of the substrate 15. Can be increased.
- the description of the same configuration and effect as in the first embodiment is omitted.
- the strength of using a (100) -oriented silicon plate as the substrate 15 is demonstrated. Similar to the second embodiment, the same effect can be obtained by using a (110) -oriented silicon plate as the substrate 15. Further, the inner wall of the recess 20 and the lower surface of the substrate 15 may be covered with an insulating film 37 such as silicon oxide as in the fourth embodiment. As a result, the inner wall of the recess 20 is further smoothed, and the electrical insulation between the upper and lower portions of the through hole 21 is enhanced.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a chip in the cell potential measuring device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip shown in FIG.
- the difference between the present embodiment and the third embodiment is that the chip 31 is turned upside down and placed on the chip plate 13 shown in FIG. 1, and the silicon oxide layer is formed on the upper surface (second surface) of the substrate 15. 30 is formed.
- the chip 31 includes a substrate 15 having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m, a silicon oxide layer 30 having a thickness of about 2 ⁇ m, and an upper silicon layer 40 having a thickness of about 400 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the silicon oxide layer 30 is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 15, and the upper silicon layer 40 is formed on the silicon oxide layer 30.
- the present embodiment has a configuration in which the third embodiment and the fifth embodiment are combined.
- the silicon oxide layer 30 becomes an etching stop layer, and the thickness of the substrate 15 can be designed with high accuracy. Further, since the depth of the recess 20 can be designed with high accuracy as in the first embodiment, as a result, the management accuracy of the length of the through hole 21 is improved. In addition, the same effect as in the fifth embodiment can be obtained.
- the hole 41 is formed in the silicon oxide layer 30. Therefore, an etching gas (for example, SF +) for forming the through hole 21 in the substrate 15 is formed on the silicon oxide layer 30.
- etching gas for example, SF +
- the positive ions of this etching gas repel each other and diffuse in the lateral direction of the through-hole 21 so that the etching can be intentionally advanced in the lateral direction.
- the opening diameter of the through hole 21 extends from the hole 41 of the silicon oxide layer 30 and penetrates.
- a recess 42 is formed on the inner wall of the hole 21.
- the cell 25 adhered to the opening of the hole 41 is attracted to the recess 42, and the adhesion between the opening of the hole 41 and the cell 25 is further improved.
- this embodiment also uses the substrate 15 You can also use a (110) -oriented silicon plate! ,.
- a single crystal plate having a diamond structure such as a force using a silicon plate as the substrate 15 or other diamond may be used.
- a silicon plate as the substrate 15 or other diamond
- oxygen or the like can be used as an etching gas.
- only the force substrate 15 having the side wall 22A or the lower silicon layer 32 in which the lower surface force of the substrate 15 is raised may be fixed to the opening of the chip plate 13.
- the length of the through hole can be managed, and the length of the through hole can be made equal with high accuracy. Further, the surface shape of the inner wall of the recess provided on the substrate and holding the cells becomes smooth. These improve the measurement accuracy of the cell potential measurement device using this substrate. Therefore, it is useful for devices that apply microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology in the medical biotechnology field where high-precision measurements are required.
- MEMS microelectromechanical system
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/913,116 US20100019756A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2007-05-11 | Device for measuring cellular potential, substrate used for the same and method of manufacturing substrate for device for measuring cellular potential |
JP2007536527A JP4582146B2 (ja) | 2006-05-17 | 2007-05-11 | 細胞電位測定デバイスとそれに用いる基板、細胞電位測定デバイス用基板の製造方法 |
US12/359,426 US8202439B2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2009-01-26 | Diaphragm and device for measuring cellular potential using the same, manufacturing method of the diaphragm |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006-137538 | 2006-05-17 | ||
JP2006137538 | 2006-05-17 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2008/002430 Continuation-In-Part WO2009034697A1 (ja) | 2002-06-05 | 2008-09-04 | シリコン構造体およびその製造方法並びにセンサチップ |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/913,116 A-371-Of-International US20100019756A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2007-05-11 | Device for measuring cellular potential, substrate used for the same and method of manufacturing substrate for device for measuring cellular potential |
PCT/JP2007/060326 Continuation-In-Part WO2007138902A1 (ja) | 2002-06-05 | 2007-05-21 | 細胞電気生理センサ用チップとこれを用いた細胞電気生理センサおよび細胞電気生理センサ用チップの製造方法 |
US11/914,283 Continuation-In-Part US8071363B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-21 | Chip for cell electrophysiological sensor, cell electrophysiological sensor using the same, and manufacturing method of chip for cell electrophysiological sensor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007132769A1 true WO2007132769A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
Family
ID=38693862
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2007/059743 WO2007132769A1 (ja) | 2002-06-05 | 2007-05-11 | 細胞電位測定デバイスとそれに用いる基板、細胞電位測定デバイス用基板の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20100019756A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4582146B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007132769A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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WO2011010720A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | ニプロ株式会社 | 細胞電位測定容器 |
JP2011521222A (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2011-07-21 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ワーウィック | 少なくとも1つのナノポアまたはマイクロポアを有するダイヤモンドフィルムを含む伝導度センサーデバイス |
WO2011121968A1 (ja) | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | センサデバイス |
JP2016212083A (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-12-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | 細胞電位測定電極アセンブリおよびそれを用いて細胞の電位変化を測定する方法 |
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CN101614729B (zh) * | 2008-06-27 | 2013-04-24 | 博奥生物有限公司 | 用于细胞操作及电生理信号检测的微电极阵列器件及专用装置 |
JP5824645B2 (ja) | 2010-04-27 | 2015-11-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | シート状繊維構造体およびそれを用いた電池、断熱材、防水シート、および細胞培養用の足場 |
WO2012096162A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | センサチップおよびその保管方法 |
EP3531336A4 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2020-02-26 | Shenzhen Weitongbo Technology Co., Ltd. | OPTICAL PATH MODULATOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION DEVICE, AND TERMINAL DEVICE |
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Also Published As
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JP2011022153A (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
US20100019756A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
JP4784696B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
JP4582146B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
JPWO2007132769A1 (ja) | 2009-09-24 |
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