WO2007107079A1 - Véhicule économique et respectueux de l'environnement et voie de circulation - Google Patents

Véhicule économique et respectueux de l'environnement et voie de circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007107079A1
WO2007107079A1 PCT/CN2007/000639 CN2007000639W WO2007107079A1 WO 2007107079 A1 WO2007107079 A1 WO 2007107079A1 CN 2007000639 W CN2007000639 W CN 2007000639W WO 2007107079 A1 WO2007107079 A1 WO 2007107079A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
wheel
rail
rubber
road
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/000639
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007107079B1 (fr
Inventor
Xiaolong Li
Original Assignee
Xiaolong Li
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CNB2006100675888A external-priority patent/CN100406282C/zh
Priority claimed from CN 200610074440 external-priority patent/CN1827409A/zh
Priority claimed from CN 200710007685 external-priority patent/CN101007498A/zh
Application filed by Xiaolong Li filed Critical Xiaolong Li
Priority to JP2008558618A priority Critical patent/JP5330836B2/ja
Publication of WO2007107079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007107079A1/zh
Publication of WO2007107079B1 publication Critical patent/WO2007107079B1/zh
Priority to US12/212,769 priority patent/US7789020B2/en
Priority to US12/786,432 priority patent/US7975617B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60FVEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
    • B60F1/00Vehicles for use both on rail and on road; Conversions therefor
    • B60F1/04Vehicles for use both on rail and on road; Conversions therefor with rail and road wheels on different axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00Other railway systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B15/00Combinations of railway systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00General structure of permanent way
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/28Rail tracks for guiding vehicles when running on road or similar surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60FVEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
    • B60F2301/00Retractable wheels
    • B60F2301/10Methods of getting on or off the rails
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a road vehicle line or a rail vehicle line on which a rail is laid on a road surface (or a road surface is laid on both sides of the rail), and a road vehicle or rail vehicle on which a steel wheel and a rubber drive wheel are mounted on the line.
  • the current railway can only be used for trains, and cars can only travel on highways.
  • railway transportation has the advantages of fast driving safety, low resistance between wheel and rail, low energy consumption, etc.
  • Road transportation has the advantages of flexibility and convenience compared with railway transportation, and can directly transport passengers and goods to destinations.
  • all countries in the world try to modify the car and drive on the railway. However, it takes a long time to switch the line, and the complex cost of vehicle modification is not successful. . And if the modified car is interspersed on the current railway, it will inevitably cause confusion and embarrassment of the entire railway system. Therefore, at present, the rubber wheel and the steel wheel are running on the rail surface at the same time.
  • the utility model can only be applied in the small range of the freight yard by the rubber wheel.
  • the disadvantage is that the contact area between the rubber wheel and the rail surface is small, and the vehicle runs slowly. It is difficult to get on the railway by road.
  • the current rail transit has to greatly increase the weight of the locomotive and obtain a higher adhesion; but the excessive self-weight also increases the line cost and loss, and because of the wheel and rail.
  • the friction between the vehicles is too small, the braking distance of the vehicle increases, the safety decreases, and the safety distance of the railway train increases, which reduces the efficiency of railway operation and the speed of the vehicle is also restricted.
  • the noise pollution between the wheel and rail is large.
  • the invention provides a high energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicle and line and a running method with a rubber wheel and a steel wheel, in particular to a road vehicle line or a rail vehicle line on which a rail is laid on the road surface (or pavement is laid on two sides of the rail). And road vehicles with steel wheels installed at the same time and rail vehicles with rubber wheels installed at the same time.
  • the operation method is that the vehicle is guided by a steel wheel, and both the steel wheel and the rubber wheel can be driven, and both of them carry the weight of the vehicle on the line.
  • the steel wheel located under the vehicle or on the rubber wheel runs on the rail, and the rubber drive wheel runs on the road on either side of the rail or on the road between the two rails.
  • the front end of the line for driving the road vehicle may be provided with an access device or a guiding road section, and the vehicle enters the line through the directional shifting plate in the access device, or enters the line by the guiding sign or the guiding wall or the signal in the guiding road section.
  • Guide or guide magnetic nail The vehicle configured to be equipped with the inductive identification device is guided to enter the line operation, and the vehicle can be guided by the guiding sign or the signal generator or the guiding magnetic nail or the rail disposed in the line.
  • the high energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicle line includes a road surface for driving the rubber wheel and a steel rail for supplying the steel wheel, wherein the rail is laid on the road surface or the road surface is laid on the two sides of the rail or between the two rails.
  • the lines described are road lines for road vehicles with steel wheels or track lines for rail vehicles with rubber drive wheels.
  • the rail In the road line, the rail is laid higher than the road surface, or the rail surface is laid on the road rail, the rail surface is flush with the road surface, or is laid on the rail plate, or is laid on the rail plate of the track plate and the rail surface and the track plate.
  • the surface is flush, and the rail is an I-shaped rail or a flat rail, and the rail side of the rail plate is provided with a slope.
  • the front end rail surface of the rail higher than the road surface has a transition section from front to back from low to high, and the front rail surface of the rail higher than the road surface has a sharp angle or between the front ends of the two rails. Narrowing inward or expanding outward.
  • the front end of the road line is provided with an access device, wherein the base of the access device is provided with a laterally movable traverse plate, and the traverse plate is driven by a motor through a screw or by a hydraulic device through a hydraulic cylinder;
  • the transfer plate is flush with the road;
  • the distance measuring device is a distance sensor or a position sensor or a distance measuring radar or a laser range finder.
  • the guiding device is a guiding device on the front side of the road line or the two sides of the road surface, and the guiding device is a guiding wall on the two sides of the road surface or a guiding marking line on the road surface or a guiding magnetic nail or a signal generator or a guiding magnetic nail on the guiding wall. Or signal generator.
  • the line is converted by a translation switch or a mobile station on which the road surface for the rubber wheel is operated, the translation track or the intersection of the straight rail and the ramp rail on the mobile station, And the intersection of the straight transition rail and the ramp transition rail is provided with a gap interval for the rubber wheel to pass.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle with a rubber wheel and a steel wheel, which is characterized in that: the rubber wheel runs on the road surface between two rails or two rails, and the steel wheel runs on the rail.
  • the two jointly bear the weight of the vehicle, and according to the running state of the vehicle, adjust the weight of the vehicle carried by the rubber wheel and the steel wheel through the pressure adjusting device acting on the rubber wheel or the steel wheel; the vehicle is driven by the rubber wheel, or The steel wheel is driven, or both, and the vehicle is a road vehicle or a rail vehicle.
  • the steel wheel is mounted on the bottom plate or the frame under the vehicle through the wheel frame or the lifting and folding device, or is mounted on the side of the rubber wheel rim or on the wheel shaft between the two rubber wheels.
  • the rotating shaft plate is mounted on one side of the rubber wheel rim, or is mounted on the wheel shaft between the two rubber wheels by rotating the shaft plate;
  • the steel wheel is provided with a guiding rim on one side, and the two rubber wheels are located a guide rim is disposed on both sides of the steel wheel;
  • the steel wheel mounted on one side of the steel ring or between the two rubber wheels by rotating the shaft plate carries the weight of the vehicle simultaneously with the rubber wheel;
  • the wheel frame A pressure adjusting device and a damping device are disposed between the middle wheel frame and the bottom plate or the frame of the vehicle;
  • the wheel frame is a fixed wheel frame or a liftable wheel frame or a rotatable wheel frame.
  • the rubber wheel carrier installed in the rail vehicle can be mounted on the underside of the vehicle through the sliding shaft and the sliding sleeve, and can be lifted and lowered horizontally and left and right; or the rubber wheel frame can be raised and lowered through the rotating shaft and the sleeve.
  • the steering rocker arm or the steering tie rod in the steering device is connected and rotates in synchronization with the steering rubber wheel in a horizontal direction.
  • the vehicle is guided by the vehicle inductive identification device or the signal receiving device by identifying or receiving the guiding device on the two sides of the inductive road surface or the road surface; when the vehicle is running on the flat steel rail, there is no guiding wheel on the steel wheel
  • the edge of the road vehicle is symmetrically disposed with a marker for identification by the distance measuring device, and the marker is a guiding edge strip or a signal generator.
  • the access device is located at the front end of the line, one end is connected to the road, and the other side is provided with a distance measuring device such as a distance sensor or a position sensor or a laser range finder.
  • the base is provided with one or more horizontally movable horizontal planes flush with the road surface. Transfer board.
  • the wheel or the vehicle or the vehicle on both sides of the vehicle is measured by the distance measuring device on both sides (guided edge strip or The signal device is traversed at a relative position on the pallet, and the pallet below the wheel is traversed by an electric device or a hydraulic device, thereby adjusting the angle or position of the wheel above the pallet, so that the vehicle aligns the line, and the pair of the wheel
  • the rails are on the rails, so that they can smoothly sail on the rails.
  • the guiding section is located in the front section of the road vehicle line or at the same time as the access device is located in the front section of the road vehicle line.
  • a guiding device such as a pavement guiding sign or guide wall or signal generator or guiding nail
  • an in-vehicle sensing device such as a sensor, a guiding radar or a camera or a signal receiver
  • the steering servo motor controls the steering under the steering wheel through the transmission
  • the shaft controls the steering wheel to guide the vehicle to automatically enter the railway operation.
  • the distance sensor or cruise radar set at the front end of the vehicle determines the speed and distance of the preceding vehicle, automatically adjusts its own vehicle speed and controls the safe braking distance between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle. , guarantee driving system Dynamic security.
  • the distance sensor or cruise radar set at the rear end of the vehicle the speed and distance of the rear vehicle are judged, and the sound and light warning on the vehicle is used to remind the rear vehicle to maintain the proper speed and the safe braking distance.
  • One or more sets of translational ballasts may be arranged on the line, and a laterally movable ram that is flush with the road surface is arranged in the base of the translational ballast, and the straight track and the ramp transition rail provided above the straight track and the ramp are provided.
  • the movement in the line enables line switching.
  • the intersection between the straight rail and the ramp rail in the translational turnout and the transition between the straight transition rail and the ramp transition rail are provided with gaps for the rubber wheels passing below the rail surface of the rail, so that the steel wheel can pass without leaving the rail.
  • the switch quickly completes the line conversion, which forms a fast traffic network that can be interconnected between the lines and the road, improves operational efficiency, reduces line cost, and makes road and rail vehicles more convenient and faster.
  • the steel wheel or rubber wheel under the vehicle can be installed in the wheel frame and mounted on the bottom plate or the frame under the vehicle through the wheel frame.
  • the wheel frame can be a fixed wheel frame or a lifting wheel frame, or A steering wheel frame that can be rotated horizontally.
  • a pressure regulating device and a shock absorbing device are arranged in the wheel frame or between the wheel frame and the frame.
  • the pressure regulating device may be a hydraulic device or an electric device.
  • the pressure regulating device automatically increases or decreases the pressure of the steel wheel on the rail according to the running state of the vehicle, that is, automatically increases or decreases the weight of the vehicle carried by the steel wheel.
  • the pressure on the steel wheel is reduced by the pressure adjusting device or the pressure on the rubber wheel is increased, so that most or all of the weight of the vehicle is borne by the rubber wheel, and the steel wheel mainly plays a safety guiding role. Due to the extremely strong friction between the rubber wheel and the road surface, the vehicle can be started, accelerated and braked quickly.
  • the pressure on the steel wheel is increased by the pressure adjusting device or the pressure on the rubber wheel is reduced, so that most of the weight of the vehicle (about 70%) is borne by the steel wheel, and the rubber wheel only carries about 30. % of vehicle weight.
  • the rubber drive wheel can only overcome the running resistance by providing a small acceleration to ensure high-speed and stable operation of the vehicle.
  • the weight of the vehicle carried by the rubber wheels on the front and rear of the road vehicles is mainly borne by the driving rubber wheel.
  • the friction of the rubber wheel and the road surface is far greater than the friction between the wheel and the rail, so that the traction of the traction locomotive is greatly improved, so that the traction power required by the traction locomotive is reduced, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the steel wheel steering wheel frame of the rail vehicle and the horizontally rotatable rubber wheel steering wheel frame are connected by a connecting rod, so that the two rotate in the same direction.
  • Vertically mounted shaft pins are arranged around or below the steel wheel steering wheel frame and the rubber wheel steering wheel frame, and the shaft holes of the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively set on the shaft pins of the steel wheel steering wheel frame and the rubber wheel steering wheel frame (axis The rotatable connection between the pin and the shaft hole enables the steel wheel bogie to rotate the rubber wheel steering wheel frame in the same direction by the connecting rod while rotating, thereby improving the curve performance of the vehicle.
  • the axle pin can A small range of up and down movements in the shaft bore overcomes the effects on the connecting rod and the axle pin when the rubber wheel steering wheel frame and the steel wheel steering wheel frame are respectively raised and lowered.
  • the steel wheel steering wheel frame provided in the road vehicle can also be connected with the steering rocker arm or the steering tie rod in the steering device of the steering rubber wheel to realize the synchronous rotation of the steel wheel and the steering rubber wheel in the same direction.
  • the steel wheel or rubber wheel installed on the bottom plate or the frame under the vehicle can also be mounted on the frame or bottom plate under the vehicle by electric or hydraulic lifting and folding device, and the steel wheel or rubber can be made by the lifting and folding device.
  • the wheel can be raised and lowered below the vehicle.
  • the weight of the front part of the vehicle is mostly carried by the front steel wheel to reduce the forward resistance. Most of the rear weight of the vehicle should be carried by the rear drive rubber wheel to ensure the starting acceleration and The friction between the rubber wheel and the road surface required for braking. If the road vehicle is driven by the front wheel, most of the weight of the front part of the vehicle should be carried by the front drive rubber wheel, while the weight of the rear part carried by the rear and rear rubber wheels is about the same.
  • the steel wheel below the road vehicle can be mounted on the steel ring on one side of the rubber wheel or on the rotating shaft or the driving axle between the two rubber wheels, and the rim of one side of the steel wheel is arranged between the two wheels of the rubber wheel.
  • the rim of both sides of the steel wheel set on the axle is provided with the rim of the front and rear steel wheels; the vehicle is completely driven and guided by the steel wheel.
  • the steel wheel can also be mounted on the side of the steel ring or between the two wheels of the rubber wheel through the rotatable shaft plate (to overcome the rotation caused by the difference in the linear speed between the steel wheel and the rubber wheel).
  • Differential which carries the weight of the vehicle at the same time as the rubber wheel, thereby reducing the forward resistance of the vehicle and reducing the driving power and fuel consumption by about 30%.
  • the vehicle since the vehicle is still driven by the rubber wheel, its starting acceleration and braking performance are better than pure A steel wheel drives a vehicle that runs on a rail.
  • the optional steel wheel should consider the change of the radius of the lower half of the wheel after the tire is pressed, so that both the steel wheel and the rubber wheel can effectively carry the weight of the vehicle.
  • the rubber wheel can also be mounted on the drive shaft of the drive wheel frame.
  • the steel wheel is mounted on the side of the rubber wheel or the two wheels of the rubber wheel through the shaft plate, and the vehicle is guided by the rubber wheel to drive the steel wheel.
  • the steel wheel fixed on the rubber wheel of the road vehicle rubber can be bolted to the steel ring and removed when not in use.
  • the steel wheel should not affect the damping or suspension of the road vehicle.
  • the installation position of the steel wheel should be reserved at the time of delivery, or the steel wheel should be directly pre-assembled to realize the wheelbase of the steel wheel. standardization.
  • the rail can be laid higher than the road surface or the rail groove laid on the road surface, so that the rail surface is flush with the road surface, or can be installed on the road surface through the track plate, and the exit slope can be set on both sides of the track plate (for malfunction The vehicle can be driven directly away from the line.
  • the rail can also be laid in the rail groove on the track plate, and the rail surface is flush with the surface of the track plate.
  • the rails are laid directly on the road, mainly for vehicles with steel wheels mounted on rubber wheels.
  • the rail is installed on the road through the track board, and is mainly used for the vehicle running on the vehicle floor or under the frame through the wheel frame.
  • the rail surface of the rail is flush with the road surface, and the steel wheel is mainly operated by the vehicle installed under the vehicle through the lifting and folding device.
  • a flat-shaped rail that is flush with the road surface can also be laid in the line rail groove.
  • the vehicle uses a flangeless steel wheel at the same time, and the vehicle is identified on the line by a vehicle sensor or camera to identify the guide rail or rail in the line, and the steering servo motor controls the steering wheel. Automatically guide the operation of the vehicle.
  • the front end of the road running on the road vehicle may have a sharp angle above the front rail surface of the road surface, or the two rails at the front end may be narrowed inwardly toward each other, or the two rails at the front end may expand outward from each other, and the rail rail at the front end of the line
  • the surface can be provided with a transition from front to back, from low to high, to reduce the impact of the steel wheel on the front end of the rail when entering the line, and assist the steel wheel.
  • multiple road vehicles (such as container vehicles) can be connected by a drawbar to form a train; at the same time, the faulty vehicle can be taken off the line by the tow bar in the front or rear vehicle.
  • the brake device can be installed on both the steel wheel and the rubber wheel.
  • the present invention is a third energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly land transportation mode in between, and the outstanding advantage is that when the road vehicle runs on the line, due to the steel wheel and The driving resistance between the rails is much lower than the driving resistance between the rubber wheels and the road surface, so that the energy consumption and pollution emissions can be reduced by 50% ⁇ 70%, and the weather is safe and fast without being affected by fog, rain and snow. It also reduces the transit time of passenger and cargo transportation from railway to highway or from road to railway, which is convenient for passengers, reduces storage costs and handling charges of cargo transit, reduces losses caused by goods during turnover and transportation, and saves passenger flow and logistics.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the application of a rail vehicle equipped with a rubber drive wheel and a steel wheel on a line.
  • Figure 1-1 is a schematic view of the application of the rubber driving wheel of Figure 1 in the wheel carrier.
  • Figure 1-2 is a side view of Figure 1-1.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the rubber wheel mounted on the underside of the rail vehicle with the rubber wheel and the fixed wheel frame separated from the left and right.
  • Figure 2-1 is a schematic diagram of the complete use of the fixed wheel carrier for the steel wheel below the rail vehicle compartment.
  • Figure 2-2 is a side elevational view of the fixed wheel carrier with hydraulic adjustment.
  • Figure 2-3 shows the application of the hydraulic adjustment device in the liftable wheel frame.
  • Figure 2-4 is a side view of Figure 2-3.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the steel wheel mounted between rubber wheels.
  • Figure 3-1 shows the steel wheel mounted on the side of the rubber wheel rim.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a steel wheel equipped with a shaft plate mounted between rubber wheels.
  • Figure 4-1 shows the steel wheel with the shaft mounted on the side of the rubber wheel rim.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the application of a road vehicle with a steel wheel running on the line.
  • Figure 5-1 is a side view of Figure 5.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the leading end section of the line.
  • Figure 6-1 is a schematic diagram of the application of Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the line front end access device.
  • Figure 7-1 is a schematic diagram of the application of Figure 7.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the application of the steel wheel installed in the fixed wheel frame on the road vehicle line.
  • Figure 8-1 shows the application of the steel wheel installed in the liftable frame on the road vehicle line.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the lifting and folding device mounted on the steel wheel.
  • Figure 9-1 is a schematic view of the operation of Figure 9.
  • Fig. 10 and Fig. 10-1 are schematic diagrams showing the lifting and lowering of the steel wheel on the rail line flush with the road surface by the lifting and folding device.
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 11-1 are schematic diagrams showing the lifting and lowering of the rimless steel wheel on the flat rail line by the lifting and folding device.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the application of the translational turnout in the line.
  • Figure 12-1 is a bottom view of the translational turnout.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a mobile tunnel device.
  • Figure 13-1 is a schematic diagram of the bottom view of the mobile station.
  • a rail vehicle equipped with a rubber driving wheel 3 is operated on a line on which the road surface 1 is laid on both sides of the rail 2, the steel wheel 4 runs on the rail, and the rail is laid on the road surface through the rail plate, the rubber driving wheel 3 Run on the two sides of the rail to drive the vehicle forward.
  • the wheel carrier 10 equipped with the rubber driving wheel 3 is mounted on the lower side of the rail vehicle by the two sets of the sliding shaft 6 and the sliding sleeve 5, which can be lifted and lowered horizontally and left and right, under the vehicle and on the wheel frame.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 9 for dampening the air spring 7 and a pressure adjusting device is also provided, and the rubber driving wheel 3 is driven by the motor 11.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 9 is increased, and the hydraulic cylinder presses the vehicle upward through the upper support plate 8 and the air spring, thereby increasing the weight of the locomotive carried by the rubber driving wheel 3, and simultaneously turning the steel wheel to the wheel frame 12 (Fig.
  • the rubber wheel carrier 10 located on the two sides of the steel wheel steering wheel frame 12 can also be installed under the vehicle through a set of rotating shafts and bushings, and the sliding shaft 6 is replaced by the rotating shaft, and the sliding sleeve 5 is replaced by the sliding sleeve, and the rotating shaft is inserted in In the sleeve, and can be moved up and down and horizontally in the sleeve, the rubber wheel carrier 10 can also move up and down and horizontally.
  • the rubber wheel carrier 10 can be connected to the steel wheel steering wheel frame 12 through the steering link. When the steel wheel steering wheel frame 12 is horizontally rotated, the rubber wheel carrier 10 is driven to rotate in the same direction.
  • the rubber wheel carrier can also be installed under the rail vehicle above the road between the two rails, while the rubber wheel in the wheel frame runs on the road between the two rails to drive the vehicle forward.
  • the steel wheel below the rail vehicle can also be installed in the fixed wheel carrier.
  • the steel wheel 4 mounted in the fixed wheel frame 13 is located in the carriage 15, and the carriage 15 is mounted on the guide rod 14 in the wheel frame 13 through its two-end bushing;
  • the support plate 8 on the guide rod 14 is located above the carriage 15, with a hydraulic cylinder 9 interposed therebetween, and an air spring between the support plate 8 and the upper wheel frame 13; and a return spring under the carriage 15 and the guide rod 14 16.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder on the steel wheel is reduced by the hydraulic device, so that the pressure between the steel wheel and the rail is reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the vehicle carried by the steel wheel, so that most of the weight of the vehicle is
  • the rubber wheel is driven to increase the driving friction pressure of the driving rubber wheel, so that the vehicle can be quickly started and accelerated.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder on the front and rear steel wheels is quickly reduced or eliminated by the hydraulic device, the load on the steel wheel is reduced, and the vehicle is large. Some or all of the weight is carried by the front and rear rubber wheels, which increases the frictional friction of the rubber wheels and allows the vehicle to brake quickly.
  • the pressure adjusting device can be added to the wheel frame of the steel wheel and the rubber wheel, respectively, to adjust the pressure between the steel wheel and the rail or between the rubber driving wheel and the road surface, thereby adjusting the steel wheel or the rubber driving wheel.
  • the weight of the vehicle carried allows the weight of the vehicle carried between the steel wheel and the rubber wheel to be distributed according to the operating state of the vehicle.
  • the pressure of the pressure regulating device on the steel wheel and the rubber wheel frame outside the curve is simultaneously increased, or the pressure of the pressure regulating device on the steel wheel and the rubber wheel frame inside the curve is simultaneously reduced.
  • the height of the outer side of the rail vehicle is increased, the inner height is lowered, and the vehicle is inclined inward to form an angle, thereby overcoming the centrifugal force generated when the vehicle passes through the curve (the same principle as that of the tilting train).
  • the steel wheel 4 in the application can also be mounted on the mounting plate 18 below the frame 17 through the liftable wheel frame 13, and the wheel frame and the mounting plate are connected by the guide rod 14, in the wheel frame 13 and the mounting plate.
  • a support plate 8 is arranged between the hydraulic cylinders 9 located on the support plate 8 and pressed against the mounting plate 18 below the frame 17, and an air spring 7 is provided between the support plate 8 and the lower mounting plate of the carrier, and A return spring is disposed between the end of the guide rod below the wheel frame and the wheel carrier.
  • the steel wheel and wheel frame device in Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3 can also be installed under the road vehicle (see Figure 8, Figure 8-1).
  • the structure and principle of the wheel carrier are the same as above.
  • the rails on the rail side of the rails can be provided with slopes 19 to facilitate vehicle access.
  • the road vehicles equipped with steel wheels need to enter and exit the line, eliminate the pressure of the hydraulic cylinders on the front and rear steel wheels, and press the return spring below the guide rod 14 to press the wheel frame upwards or press the carriage 15 upwards ( Figure 2-2).
  • the rail can be laid above the track plate, or the track surface of the track plate on the track plate is flush with the surface of the track plate.
  • the steel wheel 4 of the road vehicle can be disposed on the rotating shaft between the two rubber wheels, and the guiding wheel rim 20 is provided on both sides of the steel wheel; see FIG. 3-1, and the steel wheel 4 can also be Set on the steel rim on one side of the rubber wheel, the guide wheel rim 20 is provided on one side of the steel wheel, and the front and rear steel wheel tracks are equal under the vehicle:
  • the steel wheel drives on the rail 2
  • the rubber wheel is off the road surface, and the vehicle is completely made of steel.
  • the wheel guide and drive run on the rail. Since the rolling resistance of the steel wheel is much smaller than the rolling resistance of the rubber wheel, the rolling resistance of the rubber wheel is completely eliminated, and the driving power and fuel consumption of the vehicle are greatly reduced by 70% or more.
  • the steel wheel 4 of the road vehicle can also be mounted on the wheel core 22 via the shaft 21, and the wheel core 22 is located on the rotating shaft of the wheel between the two rubber wheels or is mounted on One side of the rubber wheel rim, while the rubber wheel runs on the road surface in the line, the steel wheel runs on the rail laid on the road surface;
  • the weight of the vehicle is carried by the steel wheel and the rubber wheel at the same time, and is driven by the steel wheel to guide the rubber wheel.
  • the road vehicle equipped with the steel wheel runs in the line, the steel wheel 4 runs on the steel rail 2, and the rubber driving wheel runs on the two sides of the rail to drive the vehicle forward.
  • the guiding section is located at the front end of the line, the guiding wall 24 is provided on the two sides, the signalling device 23 is provided on the guiding wall, the guiding marking 26 and the guiding magnetic nail 25 are arranged on the road surface, and the vehicle is guided by the guiding wall.
  • the magnetic field signal generated by the guiding magnetic nail 25 or the guiding marking 26 of the road surface recognized by the on-board camera determines the lateral relative position of the vehicle in the guiding section, through the steering control device mounted on the steering system of the vehicle (by being mounted on the steering wheel)
  • the servo motor on the steering shaft controls the steering shaft through the transmission, drives the steering wheel to turn, adjusts the angle and position of the vehicle in the guiding section, and makes the vehicle travel on the center line of the guiding section to ensure the vehicle alignment line and the steel wheel pair
  • the steel rails are smoothly driven onto the rails and enter the line, while the rubber wheels enter the road on both sides of the rails.
  • the front end of the rail in the line guiding section can also be provided with the traverse pallet access device to assist the steel wheel to drive on the rail, and can provide guidance for the road vehicle with the steel wheel without the automatic guiding device.
  • the traverse pallet access device is comprised of a base 28 and one or more pallets 31 that are laterally movable within the base.
  • a roller 30 is arranged under the pallet, and a return spring is arranged at the two ends; the front end of the rail 2 on the base 28 has a sharp-pointed front end surface and a transition from low to high.
  • the rubber wheel drives onto the pallet, and if the angle or position of the vehicle enters is incorrect, the distance sensor or position sensor 27 disposed in the guide wall 24 on both sides of the pallet traverses the entry angle or position of the vehicle. And according to the measured angle or position to control the operation of the hydraulic device or the electric device on the two sides of the pallet, the hydraulic pump or the electric device in the hydraulic device below the one side is connected, the hydraulic pump or the electric device works, and the high pressure oil is pumped into The hydraulic cylinder pushes the pallet 31 through the plunger on the hydraulic cylinder, or drives the screw by the motor in the electric device, and drives the pallet 31 through the screw 29, and the pallet is driven by the pallet to run laterally.
  • the alignment line is located at the center of the line. On the line, while the steel wheel is aligned with the rail. When the steel wheel is aligned with the rail, the hydraulic pump or motor stops working. When the steel wheel enters the track wheel and leaves the pallet, the hydraulic pump reversely works to recover the plunger, and the pallet is again returned by the two-end return spring. The original position (or the reverse rotation of the screw driven by the motor to reset the pallet).
  • a guide strip or signal generator for distance sensor or position sensor identification on both sides of the access device can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vehicle.
  • the steel wheel lifting and lowering device is located on the frame 17 or the bottom plate below the road vehicle, the steel wheel 4 is located below the lifting swing arm 36, and the other end of the lifting swing arm is mounted on the slider 35 in the sliding groove 34.
  • the slider 35 is mounted on the front end of the push-pull rod 33 in the hydraulic cylinder 32.
  • the on-board sensor or the camera determines the relative position of the vehicle in the lateral direction of the line according to the guiding sign or the rail of the guiding road surface, and the control device installed in the steering system of the vehicle (by installation)
  • the servo motor on the steering shaft of the steering wheel controls the steering shaft through the transmission, adjusts the steering wheel so that the vehicle is on the center line of the line, the steel wheel aligns the rail (see Figure 10); and then passes the hydraulic cylinder 32 in the lifting device Pushing the push-pull rod 33 and the slider 35 on the push-pull rod, the lifter swing arm 36 is pushed by the slider (see Fig.
  • the rail surface of the rails laid in the track rails can be flush with the road surface (see Figure 10).
  • a flat rail 38 with a rail surface flush with the road surface can be laid in the line rail groove (see Fig. 11), and the steel wheel 37 under the vehicle does not have a guide rim.
  • the vehicle's sensor or camera recognizes the magnetic nails, markings or rails of the road surface, determines the lateral position of the vehicle in the line, and controls the steering wheel through the control device in the steering system to keep the vehicle in the center of the line. Run online. Since the rail surface of the flat rail is wide, the steel wheel without the guide rim can be easily lowered onto the rail to carry the weight of some of the vehicles.
  • the rail surface of the rail can be flush with the road surface, it does not form an obstacle and does not affect other vehicles on the road, so the line rail can be laid on the existing urban bus line or highway for vehicles with steel wheels, and At the same time, it can be compatible with vehicles without steel wheel installation; the vehicle is controlled by sensors or cameras according to the road marking; the connection of the rails is on the road surface; on the road without rails, the vehicle retracts the steel wheel and is controlled by the driver.
  • existing public transportation vehicles it has low energy consumption and low transportation volume, compared with the city.
  • the city's light rail, with low noise, flexible and unobstructed, can run on any road, with less investment in the line and short recovery period.
  • the rubber wheel carrier under the rail vehicle can also be installed under the vehicle through the lifting and folding device, so that the rubber wheel can be lifted under the vehicle.
  • the ram in the slide chute base 39 of the line is provided with a road surface for the rubber wheel to run, and at the same time, the straight rail and the ramp rail on the base and the ram, and the straight transition rail 41 and the ramp transition rail 42 At the intersection, there are gaps 43 for the rubber wheels to pass through.
  • the translating ballast traverses the horizontally movable ram 40 in the chute of the ballast base 39, and traverses the straight track transition rail 41 and the ramp transition rail 42 on the ram, in the straight line and the ramp line above the two sides of the base chute, thereby realizing Conversion of straight and ramp roads.
  • the two of the lines are translated into the ram in the base chute, and at the same time, the electric machine is driven by the hydraulic cylinder through the screw or the hydraulic device in the same direction to complete the line conversion. Because of the gap between the adjacent straight rails and the ramp rails and the straight transition rails and the ramp transition rails in the tunnel, a gap is provided between the straight rails and the ramp transition rails to ensure smooth passage of the rubber wheels in the vehicle below the rail surface. At the same time, a small straight rail 44 is provided at the front end of the ramp transition rail 42, which makes the steel wheel pass through the ramp more smoothly and reduces the impact on the rail joint portion.
  • the sliding groove 45 in the translational turnout base 39 can be made of metal, and the frame or bottom plate of the ram 40 can also be made of metal, and a concrete pillow 46 can be installed in the frame or on the bottom plate.
  • Transition track When the climate changes, since the transition rail, the ram frame or the bottom plate and the chute are made of metal, the thermal expansion coefficients of the three are equal or similar, so the ram and the two ends in the chute can be always ensured, and the transition Small sliding clearance between the rail and the line rail (the line rail is fixedly installed above the two ends of the chute), so that the impact vibration generated by the steel wheel passing through the gap between the transition rail and the line rail is reduced, stable and safe, and the switch is used. Life expectancy increases.
  • a roller 47 is arranged under the ram, and a guiding groove and a guiding strip are arranged between the two ends of the ram 40 and the two ends of the sliding groove 45 in the ballast bottom seat.
  • the vehicle can also perform line switching via the ram 49 on the mobile station.
  • the ram 49 on the mobile station is located in the sliding slot of the base 48, wherein the two ends of the sliding groove of the base 48 are respectively provided with a straight rail and a ramp rail, and the trajectory 49 is respectively provided with a straight transition rail 41 and The ramp transition rail 42 and the road surface for the rubber wheel to run; at the same time, at the intersection of the straight rail and the ramp rail and the straight transition rail and the ramp transition rail, there is a gap gap for the rubber wheel to pass, and the ram 49 on the moving platform is
  • the electric device is driven by a hydraulic cylinder through a screw or by a hydraulic device, and runs on a guide rail 50 in the chute through a steel wheel 47.
  • the straight transition rail on the ram When the line is in a straight state, the straight transition rail on the ram is located between the straight line rails above the two ends of the base chute.
  • the ram When the line needs to be in the ramp state, the ram is pushed by the electric device or the hydraulic device, and the ramp transition rail on the ram is moved between the lines to be converted.

Description

高节能环保车辆与线路及运行方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种路面上铺设有钢轨(或在钢轨二侧铺设有路面)的公路车辆 线路或轨道车辆线路,以及同时安装有钢轮和橡胶驱动轮在线路上行驶的公路车 辆或轨道车辆。
背景技术
目前的铁路仅能供列车行驶,而汽车也只能在公路上行驶。铁路运输相对于 公路运输具有行驶快速安全, 轮轨之间阻力小、能耗低等优点; 公路运输相对于 铁路运输则具有机动灵活方便,可将客货直接送达目的地等优点。为了能将公路 运输和铁路运输这二种模式结合起来,世界各国均尝试将汽车改装后在铁路上行 驶,但都因线路转换困难所需时间长, 同时车辆改装复杂成本高等诸多因素未能 成功。并且如果任由改装后的汽车在目前的铁路上穿插行驶,也势必会造成整个 铁路系统的混乱和瘫痪,得不偿失。所以目前橡胶轮和钢轮同时在钢轨轨面上运 行, 由橡胶轮驱动的公铁二用车只能在货场中小范围应用,其缺点是橡胶轮与轨 面的接触面积小, 车辆运行速度慢, 由公路驶上铁路困难。 同时目前的轨道交通 由于轮轨之间的粘着力太小, 不得不大幅提高机车的重量, 获得较高的粘着力; 但过大的自重也相应增加了线路造价和损耗,并且由于轮轨之间摩擦力太小,车 辆的制动距离增加, 安全性下降, 铁路上行车的安全距离加大, 降低了铁路运营 的效率, 车速也受到制约。在作为城市轨道交通应用时, 轮轨之间的噪声污染较 大。
发明内容
本发明提供带有橡胶轮与钢轮的高节能环保车辆与线路及运行方法,具体说 是一种路面上铺设有钢轨(或在钢轨二侧铺设有路面)的公路车辆线路或轨道车 辆线路, 以及同时安装有钢轮的公路车辆和同时安装有橡胶轮的轨道车辆。其运 行方法是车辆由钢轮导向,钢轮与橡胶轮均可驱动,二者同时承载车辆重量在线 路上行驶。位于车辆下方或橡胶轮上的钢轮运行在钢轨上,橡胶驱动轮运行在钢 轨二侧的路面上或二条钢轨之间的路面上。同时供公路车辆行驶的线路前端可设 进路装置或引导路段,车辆通过进路装置中的横移托板进行方向位置调整后进入 线路, 或由引导路段中的导向标识或导向墙或信号发生器或导向磁钉等引导装 置, 引导配置有感应辨识装置的车辆进入线路运行, 同时车辆可由线路中设置的 导向标识或信号发生器或导向磁钉或钢轨导向运行。
本发明的技术方案如下:
高节能环保车辆线路,包括有供橡胶轮运行的路面及供钢轮运行的钢轨,其 特征在于:所述的线路中钢轨铺设在路面上或路面铺设在钢轨二侧或二条钢轨之 间,所述的线路为供带有钢轮的公路车辆运行的公路线路或供带有橡胶驱动轮的 轨道车辆运行的轨道线路。
所述的公路线路中,钢轨的铺设高于路面,或铺设在路面轨槽中轨面与路面 平齐, 或铺设在轨道板上, 或铺设在轨道板的轨槽中轨面与轨道板的表面平齐, 所述的钢轨为工字型钢轨或平面型钢轨, 所述的轨道板的二侧设坡面。
所述的公路线路中, 高于路面的钢轨前端轨面有由前向后由低到高的过渡 段,所述的高于路面的钢轨前端轨面呈尖角状,或二条钢轨前端之间向内收窄或 向外扩展。
所述的公路线路前端设进路装置,所述的进路装置底座中设可横向移动的横 移托板,横移托板由电机通过螺杆或由液压装置通过液压缸驱动;所述的横移托 板与公路平齐;所述的进路装置二侧设测距装置,测距装置是距离传感器或位置 传感器或测距雷达或激光测距仪。
所述的公路线路前端路面或路面二侧设引导装置,所述的引导装置为路面二 侧的导向墙或路面上的导向标线或导向磁钉或信号发生器或导向墙上的导向磁 钉或信号发生器。
所述的线路通过平移道岔或移动台完成线路转换,所述的平移道岔或移动台 上设供橡胶轮运行的路面,所述的平移道岔或移动台上的直道钢轨和岔道钢轨的 交汇处, 以及直道过渡轨和岔道过渡轨的交汇处设供橡胶轮通过的缺口间隔。
高节能环保车辆及运行方法,包括同时装有橡胶轮和钢轮的车辆,其特征在 于:所述的橡胶轮运行在钢轨二侧或二条钢轨之间的路面上,钢轮运行在钢轨上, 二者共同承载车辆的重量,并可根据车辆的运行状态,通过作用在橡胶轮或钢轮 上的压力调节装置,调整橡胶轮和钢轮各自承载的车辆重量;车辆由橡胶轮驱动, 或由钢轮驱动, 或由二者同时驱动, 所述的车辆为公路车辆或轨道车辆。
所述的公路车辆中,钢轮通过轮架或升降收折装置安装在车辆下方的底板或 车架上,或安装在橡胶轮钢圈一侧或安装在二个橡胶轮之间的车轮转轴上或通过 转动轴盘安装在橡胶轮钢圈一侧,或通过转动轴盘安装在二个橡胶轮之间的车轮 转轴上;所述的钢轮一侧设导向轮缘,所述的位于二个橡胶轮之间的钢轮二侧均 设导向轮缘;所述的通过转动轴盘安装在钢圈一侧或二个橡胶轮之间的钢轮,与 橡胶轮同时承载车辆重量;所述的轮架中或轮架与车辆的底板或车架之间设有压 力调节装置和减震装置; 所述的轮架为固定轮架或可升降轮架或可转动轮架。
所述的轨道车辆中安装的橡胶轮轮架,通过滑轴与滑套可升降不可水平和左 右转动的安装在车辆下方;或所述的橡胶轮轮架,通过转轴和轴套可升降和水平 转动的安装在车辆下方,并通过转向连杆与钢轮转向轮架相连,与之保持水平方 向的同步转动;所述的公路车辆下方所设的钢轮转向轮架通过转向连杆与橡胶轮 转向装置中的转向摇臂或转向横拉杆相连,并与转向橡胶轮保持水平方向的同步 转动。
所述的车辆由车载感应辨识装置或信号接收装置,通过辨识或接收感应路面 或路面二侧的引导装置为车辆导向;所述的车辆在平面型钢轨上运行时,钢轮上 不设导向轮缘;所述的公路车辆二侧对称设置供测距装置辨识的标志物,所述的 标志物为导向边条或信号发生器。
进路装置位于线路前端,一端和公路相连,其二侧设测距装置如距离传感器 或位置传感器或激光测距仪等,底座上设有一块或多块与路面平齐的可横向移动 的横移托板。当车辆的橡胶车轮驶上托板时,如果其进入进路装置的角度或位置 不正确, 由二侧的测距装置测得车轮或车辆或车辆二侧对称设立的标志物(导向 边条或信号装置)在横移托板上的相对位置,通过电动装置或液压装置使车轮下 方的托板横移, 从而调整托板上方车轮的进入角度或位置, 使车辆对正线路, 同 时钢轮对正钢轨, 从而顺利驶上钢轨。
应用中, 引导路段设在公路车辆线路前段或与进路装置同时设在公路车辆 线路前段。 在引导路段路面上或路面二侧, 设供车载感应辨识装置 (如传感器、 导向雷达或摄像机或信号接收器)辨识的引导装置(如路面导向标识或导向墙或 信号发生器或导向磁钉), 由车载传感器、 导向雷达或摄像机通过辨别路面标识 或二侧导向墙或导向磁钉, 或由信号接收器通过引导路段中的信号发生器引导, 由转向伺服电机通过传动装置控制方向盘下的转向轴,控制转向轮引导车辆自动 进入铁路运行; 同时通过车辆前端设置的距离传感器或巡航雷达,判断前车的车 速和车距, 自动调整自身的车速和控制与前车之间的安全制动距离,保证行车制 动安全。并通过车辆后端设置的距离传感器或巡航雷达,判断后车的车速和车距, 通过车上的声光警示, 提醒后车保持适当车速和安全制动距离。
线路上可设置一组或多组平移道岔,在平移道岔的底座中设置与路面平齐的 可横向移动的滑枕,通过其上方所设的直道过渡轨和岔道过渡轨,在直道线路和 岔道线路中的移动,实现线路转换。平移道岔中的直道钢轨和岔道钢轨以及直道 过渡轨和岔道过渡轨之间的交汇处, 均设有供低于钢轨轨面的橡胶轮通过的缺 口, 从而使钢轮不脱离钢轨, 即可通过道岔快速完成线路转换, 使线路之间以及 和公路之间形成可互联互通的快速交通网络, 提高运营效率, 降低线路造价, 同 时也使公路和轨道车辆的运行更加方便快捷。
应用中,车辆下方的钢轮或橡胶轮可安装在轮架中,并通过轮架安装在车辆 下方的底板或车架上, 轮架可以是固定轮架, 也可以是升降轮架, 或者是可水平 转动的转向轮架。 轮架中或轮架与车架之间设有压力调节装置和减震缓冲装置。 压力调节装置可以是液压装置或电动装置, 由压力调节装置根据车辆的运行状 态, 自动增加或减少钢轮对钢轨的压力, 即自动增加或减少钢轮所承载的车辆重 量。 当车辆处起动加速或制动状态时,通过压力调节装置降低钢轮上的压力或增 加橡胶轮上的压力,使车辆的重量大部分或全部由橡胶轮承担,钢轮主要起安全 导向作用, 由于橡胶轮与路面之间的极强摩擦力, 使车辆可迅速起动、加速和制 动。 当车辆处巡航状态平稳高速运行时, 通过压力调节装置增加钢轮上的压力或 减少橡胶轮上的压力, 使车辆的大部分重量(约 70%) 由钢轮承担, 橡胶轮仅承 载约 30%的车辆重量。从而使公路车辆的运行阻力、驱动功率和油耗及尾气污染 排放大幅下降超过 50〜70%,橡胶驱动轮仅提供较小的加速度就可克服行驶阻力, 保证车辆高速稳定运行。应用中, 公路车辆前后橡胶轮承载的车辆重量, 主要由 驱动橡胶轮承担。应用中轨道车辆由于橡胶轮与路面的摩擦力远大于轮轨之间的 摩擦力, 使牵引机车的牵引力大幅提高, 从而使牵引机车所需的牵引功率下降, 节能环保。
应用中,轨道车辆的钢轮转向轮架与可水平转动的橡胶轮转向轮架之间通过 连杆相连,使二者同步同方向转动。在钢轮转向轮架与橡胶轮转向轮架的周围或 下方设垂直安装的轴销,连杆二端的轴孔分别套装在钢轮转向轮架和橡胶轮转向 轮架上的轴销上 (轴销和轴孔间可转动的连接), 使钢轮转向架在转动时通过连 杆带动橡胶轮转向轮架同步同方向转动, 提高车辆的弯道性能。应用中, 轴销可 在轴孔中小范围的上下运动,克服橡胶轮转向轮架和钢轮转向轮架各自分别上升 和下降时, 对连杆和轴销造成的影响。
应用中,公路车辆中所设的钢轮转向轮架,也可通过连杆与转向橡胶轮转向 装置中的转向摇臂或转向横拉杆相连, 实现钢轮与转向橡胶轮同步同方向转动。
应用中,安装在车辆下方底板或车架上的钢轮或橡胶轮,也可通过电动或液 压升降收折装置安装在车辆下方的车架或底板上,通过升降收折装置使钢轮或橡 胶轮可在车辆的下方升降。
应用中, 公路车辆如是后轮驱动, 车辆前部的重量则大部分由前钢轮承载, 以减少前进的阻力,车辆后部重量的大部分应由后驱动橡胶轮承载, 以保证起动 加速和制动时所需的橡胶轮与路面之间产生的摩擦力。 公路车辆如为前轮驱动, 车辆前部的大部分重量就应由前驱动橡胶轮承载,而后钢轮与后橡胶轮承载的后 部车辆重量则大致相同。
应用中,公路车辆下方的钢轮可安装在橡胶轮一侧的钢圈上或二个橡胶轮之 间的转轴或驱动轮轴上,钢轮的一侧设轮缘,在橡胶轮双轮之间轮轴上所设的钢 轮二侧均设轮缘, 并且前后钢轮轮距相等; 车辆完全由钢轮驱动和导向。
应用中, 也可通过可转动的轴盘将钢轮安装在钢圈一侧或橡胶轮双轮之间 (以克服由于钢轮与橡胶轮的外径不同, 二者线速度不同所产生的转动差速), 与橡胶车轮同时承载车辆的重量,从而减少车辆的前进阻力,使驱动功率和油耗 降低约 30%; 同时由于车辆仍由橡胶轮驱动,其起动加速和制动性能均优于单纯 钢轮驱动在钢轨上运行的车辆。钢轮选装应考虑轮胎受压后,下半部车轮半径发 生的变化, 使钢轮和橡胶轮均可有效承载车辆的重量,钢轮直径越大, 橡胶轮承 载的车辆重量越小,钢轮直径越小, 橡胶轮承载的车辆重量越大。在轨道车辆中 应用时,橡胶轮也可安装在驱动轮架的驱动轴上, 同时钢轮通过轴盘安装在橡胶 轮一侧或橡胶轮双轮之间, 车辆由橡胶轮驱动钢轮导向。
应用中, 固定在公路车辆橡胶轮钢圈上的钢轮,可通过螺栓安装在钢圈上, 不用时将其拆除。应用时钢轮不应对公路车辆的减震或悬挂造成影响,特别是小 型车, 在出厂时即应预留钢轮的安装位置, 或对钢轮进行直接预装, 使钢轮的轮 距实现标准化。
应用中,钢轨的铺设可高于路面或铺设在路面的轨槽中,使钢轨轨面与路面 平齐, 也可通过轨道板安装在路面上, 并且轨道板二侧可设进出路斜坡(供故障 车辆直接驶离线路), 同时钢轨也可铺设在轨道板上的轨槽中, 轨面与轨道板表 面平齐。钢轨直接铺设在路面上的线路,主要供钢轮安装在橡胶车轮上的车辆运 行。钢轨通过轨道板安装在路面上的线路,主要供钢轮通过轮架安装在车辆底板 或车架下方的车辆运行。钢轨的轨面与路面平齐的线路,主要供钢轮通过升降收 折装置安装在车辆下方的车辆运行。线路轨槽中也可铺设与路面平齐的平面形钢 轨,车辆同时使用无轮缘钢轮,并且车辆在线路上由车载传感器或摄像机辨识线 路中的导向标识或钢轨, 通过转向伺服电机控制转向轮为车辆的运行自动导向。 应用中, 公路车辆运行的线路前端, 高于路面的前端钢轨轨面可呈尖角状, 或前 端的二条钢轨相互向内收窄,或者前端的二条钢轨相互向外扩张, 同时线路前端 钢轨轨面可设有由前向后, 由低到高的过渡段, 以减轻钢轮进入线 时对钢轨前 端轨面的撞击, 并为钢轮辅助导向。
应用中,多台公路车辆之间(如集装箱车辆)可使用牵引杆连接,形成列车; 同时, 故障车辆可由前车或后车使用牵引杆将其带离线路。
应用中, 由于配置了自动巡航驾驶系统, 降低了人为操作引起的失误, 同时 车辆采用橡胶轮驱动和制动,使前后车之间的安全制动距离缩短,线路的行车密 度增加,车速和安全性大为提高。应用中,钢轮和橡胶轮上可同时安装制动装置。
与目前的公路和铁路二种运营模式相比,本发明为介于二者之间的第三种高 效节能环保的陆路运输模式,其突出优点是当公路车辆在线路上运行时, 由于钢 轮和钢轨之间行驶阻力大大低于橡胶车轮与路面之间的行驶阻力,使能耗和污染 排放可下降 50%〜70%, 同时不受大雾、 雨雪等气候影响, 运行安全快捷。 并且 减少了客货运输由铁路到公路或由公路到铁路的转运时间,方便旅客, 降低货物 中转的仓储费用和搬运装卸费用, 降低货物在周转搬运过程中造成的损失,使客 流和物流可节约大量的旅行时间, 并可将旅客或货物不经周转直接送达目的地, 使旅客和货物的转运总量下降, 降低成本, 减少燃油消耗, 节能环保。在作为轨 道交通应用时, 列车采用橡胶轮驱动, 使机车的牵引力大幅增加, 并具极好的起 动、加速、爬坡和安全制动性能; 在作为城市轨道交通应用时, 轮轨之间的噪声 污染大幅下降。
附图说明
图 1为装有橡胶驱动轮和钢轮的轨道车辆在线路上运行的应用示意图。 图 1-1为图 1中橡胶驱动轮位于轮架中的应用示意图。 图 1-2为图 1-1的侧视图。
图 2为橡胶轮与左右分离的固定轮架中钢轮安装在轨道车辆下方的示意图。 图 2-1为轨道车辆车厢下方钢轮完全使用固定轮架的示意图。
图 2-2为装有液压调节装置的固定轮架的侧视示意图。
图 2-3为可升降轮架中装有液压调节装置的应用示意图。
图 2-4为图 2-3的侧视图。
图 3为钢轮安装在橡胶车轮之间的示意图。
图 3-1为钢轮安装在橡胶车轮钢圈一侧的示意图。
图 4为装有轴盘的钢轮安装在橡胶车轮之间的示意图。
图 4-1为装有轴盘的钢轮安装在橡胶车轮钢圈一侧的示意图。
图 5为装有钢轮的公路车辆在线路上运行的应用示意图。
图 5-1为图 5的侧视图。
图 6为线路前端引导路段的示意图。
图 6-1为图 6的应用示意图。
图 7为线路前端进路装置的结构示意图。
图 7-1为图 7的应用示意图。
图 8为安装在固定轮架中的钢轮在公路车辆线路上的应用示意图。
图 8-1为安装在可升降轮架中的钢轮在公路车辆线路上的应用示意图。 图 9为安装在钢轮上的升降收折装置的示意图。
图 9-1为图 9的动作示意图。
图 10、 图 10-1为钢轮通过升降收折装置在与路面平齐的钢轨线路上升降的 示意图。
图 11和图 11-1为无轮缘钢轮通过升降收折装置在平面型钢轨线路上升降的 示意图。
图 12为平移道岔在线路中的应用示意图。
图 12-1为平移道岔的仰视结构示意图。
图 13为移动台道岔装置的示意图。
图 13-1为移动台的仰视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图, 对本发明作进一步的描述。 实施例 1 :
图 1中所示,安装有橡胶驱动轮 3的轨道车辆,运行在钢轨 2二侧铺设有路 面 1的线路上,钢轮 4运行在钢轨上, 钢轨通过轨道板铺设在路面上, 橡胶驱动 轮 3运行在钢轨二侧路面上驱动车辆前进。
图 1-1中所示, 装有橡胶驱动轮 3的轮架 10通过二组滑轴 6和滑套 5可升 降不可水平和左右转动地安装在轨道车辆二侧下方,在车辆下方和轮架 10之间, 还设有减震空气弹簧 7和压力调节装置的液压缸 9, 橡胶驱动轮 3由电机 11驱 动。应用中, 增加液压缸 9的压力, 液压缸通过其上方支承板 8和空气弹簧向上 顶压车辆,从而增加橡胶驱动轮 3承载的机车重量, 同时使钢轮转向轮架 12 (图 1-2中所示) 上的钢轮 4和钢轨之间的压力减小, 使橡胶驱动轮与路面之间的驱 动摩擦压力增加。 当减少液压缸 9的压力时, 液压缸对车辆的向上顶压力减小, 从而减少橡胶驱动轮 3承载的车辆重量,使钢轮 4承载的车重增加,车辆前进的 滚动阻力下降,从而使车辆可根据运行状态调整钢轮和橡胶驱动轮各自所承载的 机车重量。 应用中, 钢轮也可以是驱动)。
应用中,位于钢轮转向轮架 12二侧的橡胶轮轮架 10也可通过一组转轴和轴 套安装在车辆下方, 由转轴代替滑轴 6, 由轴套代替滑套 5, 转轴插入在轴套中, 并可在轴套中上下运动和水平转动,使橡胶轮轮架 10也可上下运动和水平转动。 同时橡胶轮轮架 10可通过转向连杆与钢轮转向轮架 12相连, 当钢轮转向轮架 12水平转动时带动橡胶轮轮架 10同步同方向转动。 应用中, 橡胶轮轮架也可安 装在位于二条钢轨之间路面上方的轨道车辆下方,同时轮架中的橡胶轮运行在二 条钢轨之间的路面上驱动车辆前进。
参见图 2和图 2-1,应用中轨道车辆下方钢轮也可安装在固定轮架中。图 2-2 中所示, 安装在固定轮架 13中的钢轮 4位于滑架 15中, 滑架 15通过其二端的 轴套安装在轮架 13中的导杆 14上; 通过滑套安装在导杆 14上的支承板 8位于 滑架 15上方, 二者间设液压缸 9, 支承板 8与上方的轮架 13间设空气弹簧; 同 时滑架 15和导杆 14的下方设复位弹簧 16。 当车辆处起动、 加速状态时, 通过 液压装置降低钢轮上的液压缸的压力,使钢轮对钢轨之间的压力减轻,从而减轻 钢轮所承载的车辆重量,使车辆的大部分重量由驱动橡胶轮承载,从而增加驱动 橡胶轮的驱动摩擦压力, 使车辆快速起动、加速。 当车辆处制动状态时, 通过液 压装置迅速降低或消除前后钢轮上的液压缸的压力,减少钢轮负载,使车辆的大 部分或全部重量均由前后橡胶轮承载,从而增加橡胶轮的制动摩擦力,使车辆迅 速制动。
应用中在钢轮和橡胶轮的轮架上可各自或同时加装压力调节装置,对钢轮与 钢轨之间或橡胶驱动轮与路面之间的压力进行调整,从而调整钢轮或橡胶驱动轮 所承载的车辆重量,使钢轮和橡胶轮之间承载的车辆重量可根据车辆的运行状态 进行分配。当列车通过弯道时, 同时增加位于弯道外侧钢轮和橡胶轮轮架上的压 力调节装置的压力,或同时降低位于弯道内侧钢轮和橡胶轮轮架上的压力调节装 置的压力, 使轨道车辆外侧高度升高内侧高度下降, 车辆向内倾斜形成角度, 从 而克服车辆通过弯道时产生的离心力 (和摆式列车作用原理相同)。
参见图 2-3, 应用中钢轮 4也可通过可升降的轮架 13安装在车架 17下方的 安装板 18上, 轮架和安装板通过导杆 14相连, 在轮架 13与安装板之间设支承 板 8, 位于支承板 8上的液压缸 9向上顶压在车架 17下方的安装板 18上, 在支 承板 8与轮架下方安装板之间同时设空气弹簧 7, 并且在位于轮架下方的导杆末 端与轮架之间设复位弹簧。 应用中图 2-2、 图 2-3中钢轮和轮架装置也可安装在 公路车辆下方使用 (参见图 8、 图 8-1 ), 轮架结构和原理和前述相同。
参见图 2-3和图 8-1, 应用中在供公路车辆运行的线路中, 钢轨的轨道板二 侧可设斜坡 19便于车辆进出。 在装有钢轮的公路车辆需进出线路时, 消除前后 钢轮上液压缸的压力, 通.过导杆 14下方的复位弹簧向上顶压轮架或向上顶压滑 架 15 (图 2-2中所示), 从而使轮架中的钢轮上升高于钢轨轨面, 再由一侧橡胶 轮通过轨道板侧面斜坡 19驶上路轨, 通过路轨驶出 (或进入)线路。 应用中, 钢轨可铺设在轨道板上方, 或轨道板上的轨槽中轨面与轨道板的表面平齐。
参见图 3, 应用中公路车辆的钢轮 4可设置在二个橡胶轮之间的转轴上, 并 且钢轮的二侧均设导向轮缘 20; 参见图 3-1, 同时钢轮 4也可设置在橡胶车轮一 侧的钢轮圈上, 钢轮一侧设导向轮缘 20, 同时车辆下方的前后钢轮轮距相等: 当钢轮驶上钢轨 2, 橡胶车轮脱离路面, 车辆完全由钢轮导向和驱动在钢轨上运 行。 由于钢轮的滚动阻力远小于橡胶轮的滚动阻力, 同时完全消除了橡胶轮的滚 动阻力, 使车辆的驱动功率和油耗大幅降低 70%以上。
图 4和图 4-1中所示, 应用中, 公路车辆的钢轮 4也可通过轴盘 21安装在 轮芯 22上,轮芯 22位于二个橡胶轮之间车轮的转轴上或安装在橡胶车轮钢圈的 一侧, 同时橡胶轮运行在线路中的路面上, 钢轮运行在路面上铺设的钢轨上; 车 辆重量由钢轮和橡胶轮同时承载, 并由钢轮导向橡胶轮驱动运行。
实施例 2:
图 5和图 5-1中所示, 装有钢轮的公路车辆运行在线路中, 钢轮 4运行在钢 轨 2上, 橡胶驱动轮运行在钢轨二侧路面上驱动车辆前进。
图 6和图 6-1中所示, 引导路段位于线路的前端, 二侧设导向墙 24,导向墙 上设信号装置 23,路面设导向标线 26和导向磁钉 25,车辆由导向墙引导进入引 导路段, 由车载的左右距离传感器或信号接收器, 测量导向墙 24或导向墙上的 信号装置与车辆二侧的距离,确定车辆在路段中的横向位置;或由车载的电磁传 感器测量路面上的导向磁钉 25产生的磁场信号, 或由车载摄像机辨识路面的导 向标线 26, 确定车辆在引导路段中横向的相对位置, 通过安装在车辆转向系统 上的转向控制装置(由安装在方向盘转向轴上的伺服电机通过传动装置控制转向 轴), 带动转向轮转向, 调整车辆在引导路段中的角度和位置, 使车辆行进在引 导路段的中心线上,保证车辆对正线路,钢轮对正钢轨, 从而顺利驶上钢轨进入 线路, 同时橡胶轮进入钢轨二侧的路面。
实施例 3 :
应用中在线路引导路段中的钢轨前端,还可设横移托板进路装置辅助钢轮驶 上钢轨,并可为未安装自动导向装置,配装有钢轮的公路车辆进入线路提供导向。
参见图 7, 横移托板进路装置, 由底座 28和可在底座中横向移动的一块或 多块托板 31组成。 托板下方设滚轮 30, 二端设复位弹簧; 前端位于底座 28上 的钢轨 2前端轨面呈尖角状, 并有由前往后由低到高的过渡段。
当车辆进入进路装置,橡胶车轮驶上托板,如车辆进入的角度或位置不正确, 横移托板二侧的导向墙 24中设置的距离传感器或位置传感器 27测量车辆的进入 角度或位置,并根据测得的角度或位置控制托板二侧的液压装置或电动装置的工 作,接通一侧下方液压装置中的液压泵或电动装置电源,液压泵或电动装置工作, 将高压油泵入液压缸, 通过液压缸上的柱塞推动托板 31运行, 或由电动装置中 电机带动螺杆,通过螺杆 29带动托板 31运行, 由托板带动其上方车辆横向运行 对正线路位于线路的中心线上, 同时钢轮对正钢轨。当钢轮对正钢轨后液压泵或 电机停止工作, 当钢轮进入轨道车轮驶离托板后, 液压泵反向工作回收柱塞,托 板重新在其二端复位弹簧的作用下, 回复到原来的位置(或由电机带动螺杆反向 运行, 使托板复位)。 应用中,在车辆的二侧可对称设置供进路装置二侧的距离传感器或位置传感 器辨识的导向边条或信号发生器。
实施例 4:
图 9中所示, 钢轮升降收折装置位于公路车辆下方的车架 17或底板上, 钢 轮 4位于升降摆臂 36的下方, 升降摆臂另一端安装在滑槽 34中的滑块 35上, 滑块 35安装在液压缸 32中的推拉杆 33前端。
当公路车辆驶入线路的引导路段时,由车载传感器或摄像机根据引导路段路 面的导向标识或钢轨,判断辨识车辆在线路中横向的相对位置,通过安装在车辆 转向系统中的控制装置(由安装在方向盘转向轴上的伺服电机通过传动装置控制 转向轴), 调整控制转向轮, 使车辆位于线路的中心线上, 钢轮对正钢轨 (参见 图 10); 然后通过升降装置中的液压缸 32推动推拉杆 33和推拉杆上的滑块 35, 由滑块推动升降摆臂 36 (参见图 9), 将钢轮降落在钢轨上, 并通过滑槽或滑块 上的电磁卡锁装置将滑块锁定,再通过液压缸中的推拉杆推压升降摆臂,增加钢 轮对钢轨的压力, 使钢轮和橡胶轮共同承载车辆的重量, 减少车辆的运行阻力, 降低油耗。 当车辆需离开线路时, 降低或消除液压缸的压力, 开启滑块 35上的 电磁卡锁, 通过液压缸 32回拉推拉杆和滑块(参见图 9-1和图 10-1 ), 向上拉起 升臂摆臂, 使钢轮向上抬起远离路面和钢轨, 车辆重新完全由橡胶轮承载驱动, 自由返回公路运行。
应用中, 铺设在线路轨槽中的钢轨轨面可与路面平齐(见图 10)。
应用中, 线路轨槽中也可铺设轨面与路面平齐的平面型钢轨 38 (参见图 11 ), 同时车辆下方的钢轮 37不设导向轮缘。 当车辆驶上线路时, 由车载的传感 器或摄像机辨识路面的磁钉、标线或钢轨, 判断车辆在线路中的横向位置, 通过 转向系统中的控制装置控制转向轮,使车辆保持在线路中心线上运行。由于平面 型钢轨的轨面较宽,不设导向轮缘的钢轮可很容易的降落到钢轨上,承载部分车 辆的重量。
由于钢轨的轨面可与路面平齐,不形成障碍,不对道路上其它车辆造成影响, 所以线路钢轨可铺设在现有的城市公交专线或高速公路上,供装有钢轮的车辆使 用,并同时可兼容没有安装钢轮的车辆运行;车辆由传感器或摄像机根据路面标 识控制运行; 钢轨的连接交叉均在路面上; 在未铺设钢轨的路面上, 车辆收回钢 轮由驾驶员控制运行。相对于现有的公交车辆其能耗低污染少运量大,相对于城 市轻轨, 其噪音小, 灵活无障碍, 可在任何道路上运行, 线路投资少, 工期短回 收快。
应用中, 轨道车辆下方的橡胶轮轮架也可通过升降收折装置安装在车辆下 方, 使橡胶轮可在车辆下方升降。
实施例 5 :
图 12中所示,线路中平移道岔底座 39滑槽中的滑枕上设有供橡胶轮运行的 路面, 同时底座和滑枕上的直道钢轨和岔道钢轨, 以及直道过渡轨 41和岔道过 渡轨 42之间的交汇处, 均设有可供橡胶车轮通过的缺口间隔 43。平移道岔利用 道岔底座 39滑槽中可横向移动的滑枕 40, 将滑枕上的直道过渡轨 41和岔道过 渡轨 42, 在底座滑槽二侧上方的直道线路和岔道线路中横移, 从而实现直道和 岔道的道岔转换。应用中, 线路中的二个平移道岔底座滑槽中的滑枕, 同时由电 动装置通过螺杆或液压装置通过液压缸同步同方向驱动,完成线路转换。由于道 岔中相邻的直道钢轨和岔道钢轨及直道过渡轨和岔道过渡轨之间, 留有缺口间 隔, 从而可确保车辆中低于钢轨轨面的橡胶轮顺利通过。 同时, 在岔道过渡轨 42的前端设有小段直道钢轨 44, 使钢轮通过岔道时更加顺畅, 减轻对钢轨接头 部分的撞击。
应用中, 图 12-1中所示, 平移道岔底座 39中的滑槽 45可由金属制造, 同 时滑枕 40的框架或底板也可由金属制造, 在框架内或底板上可加装混凝土枕 46 承载过渡轨。 当气候发生变化时, 由于过渡轨、滑枕框架或底板、滑槽均为金属 制造,三者的热膨胀系数相等或相近,所以可始终保证滑枕与滑槽内的二端之间, 以及过渡轨和线路钢轨之间较小的滑动间隙(线路钢轨固定安装在滑槽二端的上 方), 使钢轮通过过渡轨与线路钢轨之间的间隙时, 产生的冲击震动减少, 平稳 安全, 道岔使用寿命增加。 应用中, 滑枕下方设滚轮 47, 滑枕 40二端与道岔底 座中滑槽 45内的二端之间设导向槽和导向条。
应用中, 车辆也可通过移动台上的滑枕 49进行线路转换。 图 13中所示, 移 动台上的滑枕 49位于底座 48的滑槽中, 其中底座 48的滑槽二端上方分别设有 直道钢轨和岔道钢轨, 滑枕 49上方分别设直道过渡轨 41和岔道过渡轨 42, 以 及供橡胶轮运行的路面;同时在直道钢轨和岔道钢轨以及直道过渡轨和岔道过渡 轨的交汇处均设有供橡胶车轮通过的缺口间隔, 移动台上的滑枕 49由电动装置 通过螺杆或由液压装置通过液压缸驱动,通过钢轮 47在滑槽中的导轨 50上运行。 当线路处直道状态时,滑枕上的直道过渡轨位于底座滑槽二端上方的直道线路钢 轨之间。 当线路需处岔道通行状态时, 由电动装置或液压装置推移滑枕, 将滑枕 上的岔道过渡轨推移到需转换的线路之间即可。

Claims

权利要求
1、高节能环保车辆线路,包括有供橡胶轮运行的路面及供钢轮运行的钢轨, 其特征在于:所述的线路中钢轨铺设在路面上或路面铺设在钢轨二侧或二条钢轨 之间,所述的线路为供带有钢轮的公路车辆运行的公路线路或供带有橡胶驱动轮 的轨道车辆运行的轨道线路。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的高节能环保车辆线路, 其特征在于: 所述的公路 线路中, 钢轨的铺设高于路面, 或铺设在路面轨槽中轨面与路面平齐, 或铺设在 轨道板上,或铺设在轨道板的轨槽中轨面与轨道板的表面平齐,所述的钢轨为工 字型钢轨或平面型钢轨, 所述的轨道板的二侧设坡面。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的高节能环保车辆线路, 其特征在于: 所述的公路 线路中,高于路面的钢轨前端轨面有由前向后由低到高的过渡段,所述的高于路 面的钢轨前端轨面呈尖角状, 或二条钢轨前端之间向内收窄或向外扩展。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的高节能环保车辆线路, 其特征在于: 所述的公路 线路前端设进路装置,所述的进路装置底座中设可横向移动的横移托板,横移托 板由电机通过螺杆或由液压装置通过液压缸驱动; 所述的横移托板与公路平齐; 所述的进路装置二侧设测距装置,测距装置是距离传感器或位置传感器或测距雷 达或激光测距仪。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的高节能环保车辆线路, 其特征在于: 所述的公路 线路前端路面或路面二侧设引导装置,所述的引导装置为路面二侧的导向墙或路 面上的导向标线或导向磁钉或信号发生器或导向墙上的导向磁钉或信号发生器。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的高节能环保车辆线路, 其特征在于: 所述的线路 通过平移道岔或移动台完成线路转换,所述的平移道岔或移动台上设供橡胶轮运 行的路面,所述的平移道岔或移动台上的直道钢轨和岔道钢轨的交汇处, 以及直 道过渡轨和岔道过渡轨的交汇处设供橡胶轮通过的缺口间隔。
7、 高节能环保车辆及运行方法, 包括同时装有橡胶轮和钢轮的车辆, 其特 征在于:所述的橡胶轮运行在钢轨二侧或二条钢轨之间的路面上,钢轮运行在钢 轨上, 二者共同承载车辆的重量, 并可根据车辆的运行状态, 通过作用在橡胶轮 或钢轮上的压力调节装置,调整橡胶轮和钢轮各自承载的车辆重量;车辆由橡胶 轮驱动,或由钢轮驱动,或由二者同时驱动,所述的车辆为公路车辆或轨道车辆。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的高节能环保车辆及运行方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的公路车辆中, 钢轮通过轮架或升降收折装置安装在车辆下方的底板或车架上, 或安装在橡胶轮钢圈一侧或安装在二个橡胶轮之间的车轮转轴上或通过转动轴 盘安装在橡胶轮钢圈一侧, 或通过转动轴盘安装在二个橡胶轮之间的车轮转轴 上;所述的钢轮一侧设导向轮缘,所述的位于二个橡胶轮之间的钢轮二侧均设导 向轮缘;所述的通过转动轴盘安装在钢圈一侧或二个橡胶轮之间的钢轮,与橡胶 轮同时承载车辆重量;所述的轮架中或轮架与车辆的底板或车架之间设有压力调 节装置和减震装置; 所述的轮架为固定轮架或可升降轮架或可转动轮架。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的高节能环保车辆及运行方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的轨道车辆中安装的橡胶轮轮架,通过滑轴与滑套可升降不可水平和左右转动的 安装在车辆下方;或所述的橡胶轮轮架,通过转轴和轴套可升降和水平转动的安 装在车辆下方,并通过转向连杆与钢轮转向轮架相连,与之保持水平方向的同步 转动;所述的公路车辆下方所设的钢轮转向轮架通过转向连杆与橡胶轮转向装置 中的转向摇臂或转向横拉杆相连, 并与转向橡胶轮保持水平方向的同步转动。
10、根据权利要求 7所述的高节能环保车辆及运行方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的车辆由车载感应辨识装置或信号接收装置,通过辨识或接收感应路面或路面二 侧的引导装置为车辆导向;所述的车辆在平面型钢轨上运行时,钢轮上不设导向 轮缘;所述的公路车辆二侧对称设置供测距装置辨识的标志物,所述的标志物为 导向边条或信号发生器。
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US7789020B2 (en) 2010-09-07
US20090050011A1 (en) 2009-02-26

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