WO2007099204A1 - Procédé et appareil de traitement de déchets électriques et électroniques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de traitement de déchets électriques et électroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007099204A1
WO2007099204A1 PCT/FI2007/050109 FI2007050109W WO2007099204A1 WO 2007099204 A1 WO2007099204 A1 WO 2007099204A1 FI 2007050109 W FI2007050109 W FI 2007050109W WO 2007099204 A1 WO2007099204 A1 WO 2007099204A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
drum
scrap
wall
electric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2007/050109
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kalevi Leskinen
Rauno Holappa
Original Assignee
Samill Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samill Oy filed Critical Samill Oy
Publication of WO2007099204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007099204A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity, pyroelectricity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B03C7/06—Separators with cylindrical material carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a method and apparatus for treatment of electric and electronic scrap, whereby the scrap to be treated is crushed into particles of such size that each particle is essentially or mainly of one material.
  • Material contents of electric and electronic scrap vary for many reasons, e.g. depending on the age of the devices included in the scrap.
  • An example of the contents of such scrap is: metals 49 percent, plastics 33 percent, glass (e.g. cathode ray tubes) 12 percent, wood 5 percent, and other materials 1 percent.
  • the proportion of plastics is remarkably larger, typically more than 50 percent.
  • An estimate is that about 2.5 million tons of various plastic materials are presently used in Europe and the United States for manufacture of electronic products. The most widely used plastic types are approximately in this order: ABS, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyamides, and epoxies.
  • the scrap is first crushed to obtain as pure particles as possible, i.e. particles each of which consists essentially or mainly of one material.
  • This object is normally reached as the grain size of the crashed aggregate is of the order of 2 to 4 millimetres.
  • the process includes often two crushing phases: crushing with a rasp mill and with a granulator mill.
  • the first separating phase is a magnetic separating step in which magnetic metals are picked out.
  • eddy-current separation is used by which e.g. copper and aluminium may be picked out from crashed material and separated from each other.
  • separators are used which are based on certain properties of materials, e.g. on specific gravity or frictional properties, examples of that being separation of materials made to flow or vibrate on a sloped surface.
  • charged particles are allowed to circulate on an electrostatically charged outer surface of a rotating drum, whereby they drop down from the drum at certain points according to their specific charge and gravity
  • An object of the invention is to present a solution utilising triboelectric charging and being specifically applicable to treatment of electric and electronic scrap with variable material contents.
  • a method for treatment of electric and electronic scrap in which method the scrap to be treated is crushed into particles of such size that each particle consists essentially or mainly of one material, the particles are charged according to their triboelectric properties by rotating them in a drum for rubbing them against the inner wall of the drum and each other, and thereafter the particles are sorted by means of an electric field, is characterised in that the material of the inner wall is selected to be a material from the upper end of the triboelectric series and said particles are before the sorting additionally charged by bombing them with electrons.
  • acrylic plastic is selected as the material of the inner wall of the drum.
  • an apparatus for treatment of electric and electronic scrap whereby the scrap to be treated is crushed into particles of such size that each particle consists essentially or mainly of one material
  • the apparatus including a drum for charging the particles according to their triboelectric properties by rotating them in the drum for rubbing them against the inner wall of the drum and each other, and means for sorting the particles thereafter by means of an electric field, is characterised in that the inner wall of said drum is of a material at the upper end of the triboelectric series, and that the apparatus includes additionally means for bombing said particles with electrons before said sorting.
  • the inner wall of the drum is of acrylic plastic.
  • the means for bombing the particles with electrons include a wire with high voltage made of titanium alloy.
  • Fig. 1 presents generally an embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 presents schematically a possible realisation of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 presents generally the method of the invention. Electric and electronic scrap has been crushed by e.g. a granulator mill, and the scrap material is crushed to so called degree of liberation or close to that, i.e. into so small particles that each particle is essentially or mainly of one material. Such a particle size is e.g. from 2 to 4 millimetres.
  • phase 1 certain fractions, e.g. certain metals, may be separated from the electric and electronic scrap. For example, it is also possible that essentially all metals are separated and only particles which consist essentially of plastic materials are left over for continued treatment. It is also possible that particles essentially consisted of metals and particles essentially consisted of plastic materials are both allowed to proceed forward from phase 1.
  • the particles are first charged in phase 2 by rotating them in a drum, in which they are rubbed against the inner wall of the drum and each other and are charged according to their triboelectric properties.
  • a material is selected e.g. experimentally so that it works well as a charger of the particles rotated in the drum.
  • a suitable material at the upper end of the triboelectric series as the material of the inner wall of the drum or its inner surface.
  • acrylic plastic is a well working material.
  • the particles are rotated in the drum with such a velocity that they are rubbed against the inner wall of the drum and each other as efficiently as possible. Such velocity must in every case be above the so called critical velocity.
  • the critical velocity means a velocity by which the particles are kept as a layer held essentially against the inner wall of the drum during rotation.
  • a suitable velocity is within the range of 0.5 to 0.9 times the critical velocity and depends naturally to some extent on the properties of the particles to be treated. In the experiments, we have found that a suitable velocity for printed circuit board scrap is 0.6 to 0.7 times the critical velocity.
  • the suitable rotating velocity depends also on the diameter of the drum, for example. If the diameter of the drum is of the order of 0.5 to 1 metres, suitable rotating velocities are of the order of 40 to 60 revolutions per minute.
  • the time needed to charge the particles in the rotating drum is of the order of some minutes and may be within the range of 1 to 3 minutes, for example.
  • table 1 here below a triboelectric series is presented which describes charging properties of some relevant plastic materials as electronic scrap is concerned.
  • table 2 presents another triboelectric series in which in addition to plastic materials some other materials are included, e.g. metals widely used in electric and electronic devices.
  • the tables are based on the information obtained from several different sources and are only indicative because many different factors affect the charging of materials in experiments and processes.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyester polyethylene
  • Teflon silicone rubber charging most negatively In phase 3, the particles are charged further by bombing them with electrons.
  • the bombing may be done by means of a high voltage wire made of titanium alloy and emitting electrons around.
  • the voltage of the wire may be e.g. 20 kV, but it may also be much higher, e.g. 80 kV. It may be contemplated also that the particles were bombed at the same time with positrons by means of a device made for this purpose. What is essential is that further charging of the particles improves significantly for example separation of different plastic types in the static separation.
  • Fig. 2 presents schematically a possible realisation of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • Electric and electronic scrap like printed circuit board scrap, is crushed by means of e.g. a granulator mill into particles the size of which is of the order of 2 to 4 millimetres.
  • the crushed scrap may be sorted so that particles consisted essentially of plastic materials have been separated as a fraction by means of conventional methods and devices.
  • This fraction is fed in the way indicated by the arrow E by means of e.g. a vibration feeder (a vibrated trough) into a drum 5 rotating as indicated by the arrow R.
  • the inner surface 5' is of material suitable for charging the particles, e.g.
  • the rotation velocity of the drum is set suitably so that, as the drum rotates, the particle mass is lifted suitably up with the wall and is then rolling down again, whereby the rubbing between the particles is most efficient.
  • the drum is in a suitably tilted position in which the particles proceed through the drum in a time long enough for charging, e.g. in about 2 minutes.
  • the device 6 may be based on using a high voltage metal wire, which is advantageously made of titanium alloy, e.g. chromium-titanium, as a source of electrons.
  • the device may be also an especially for this purpose developed device by which also positrons in addition to electrons may be produced for bombing the particles.
  • a generally horizontal electric field is formed by means of electrodes 9 and 10.
  • the electrodes are at the upper end closer to each other and at the lower end farther from each other so that particles having different charges may be guided by means of the field on a suitably large area.
  • a suitable voltage between the electrodes may be 20 to 80 kV.
  • the voltage may be remarkably higher, e.g. within the range from 100 to 150 kV.
  • the particles are fed from above by means of a hopper 8 from which they start to fall in the electric field from a slit approximately at the middle of the field. Compartments 11 formed by separating walls have been placed below the electrodes.
  • Positively charged particles are according to their charge guided to the side of the negative electrode and negatively charged particles to the side of the positive electrode 10.
  • the separating walls are naturally adjusted in every case suitably according to the treated material so that as good as possible or appropriate sorting is resulted.
  • certain fractions may have been separated off from the electric and electronic scrap coming to the apparatus.
  • rough separation e.g. separation of the fractions consisted essentially of metals and of plastic materials from each other, may be made also by applying the apparatus according to the invention. Different variations of the apparatus may be made for different applications, and by adjusting the operating parameters, the operation of the apparatus may be adjusted to be suitable for a task concerned.
  • the applicability of the method and the apparatus for different tasks in the treatment of electric and electronic scrap with variable material contents is improved in that the charging of the particles may be made more efficient and be adjusted by adjusting the operation parameters of the bombing with electrons in addition to adjusting and selecting the materials and operation parameters of the drum.
  • Several different phases of a process for treating electric and electronic scrap may be realised by means of the apparatus of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de déchets électriques et électroniques, dans lequel les déchets à traiter sont broyés en particules de dimensions telles que chaque particule consiste essentiellement ou principalement en une matière et les particules constituées essentiellement de matières plastiques sont sélectionnées pour un traitement ultérieur, ces particules étant chargées en fonction de leurs propriétés triboélectriques par rotation de celles-ci (2) dans un tambour afin de les frotter contre la paroi interne du tambour et entres elles, puis les particules étant triées (4) au moyen d'un champ électrique, caractérisé en ce que la matière de la paroi interne est sélectionnée pour être une matière de l'extrémité supérieure des séries triboélectriques. Des particules sont en outre chargées avant le tri (4) par bombardement (3) de ceux-ci avec des électrons. L'invention concerne également un appareil correspondant.
PCT/FI2007/050109 2006-02-28 2007-02-27 Procédé et appareil de traitement de déchets électriques et électroniques WO2007099204A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20060204 2006-02-28
FI20060204A FI20060204L (fi) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Menetelmä ja laitteisto elektroniikkaromun käsittelemiseksi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007099204A1 true WO2007099204A1 (fr) 2007-09-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FI2007/050109 WO2007099204A1 (fr) 2006-02-28 2007-02-27 Procédé et appareil de traitement de déchets électriques et électroniques

Country Status (2)

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FI (1) FI20060204L (fr)
WO (1) WO2007099204A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010055489A1 (fr) 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Terra Nova Procede de recuperation des metaux contenus dans les dechets electroniques a matieres plastiques
ITRE20110106A1 (it) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-31 Stefano Cassani Dispositivo di separazione di particelle di un determinato materiale sintetico da particelle di diversi materiali sintetici, elettricamente caricate
JP2014012257A (ja) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-23 Shibaura Institute Of Technology 摩擦帯電方法及び装置
JP2018192426A (ja) * 2017-05-17 2018-12-06 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 静電選別装置
EP2576071B1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2021-03-31 Stefano Cassani Procédé et dispositif de séparation de particules d'un matériau synthétique déterminé des particules de différents matériaux synthétiques
FR3132857A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2023-08-25 Igneo Ip, Llc Procédé de traitement autothermique de matériaux contenant un mélange de matières plastiques et de matières métalliques

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028080A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-02 Hamos Gmbh Recycling- Und Separationstechnik Dispositif de triage electrostatique de melanges de particules de matieres plastiques differentes
US5967331A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-10-19 Katyshev; Anatoly L. Method and apparatus for free fall electrostatic separation using triboelectric and corona charging
JP2001283661A (ja) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-12 Hitachi Zosen Corp 廃電線リサイクルシステム
WO2004009242A2 (fr) * 2002-07-22 2004-01-29 Mba Polymers, Inc. Mediation de separations electrostatiques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028080A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-02 Hamos Gmbh Recycling- Und Separationstechnik Dispositif de triage electrostatique de melanges de particules de matieres plastiques differentes
US5967331A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-10-19 Katyshev; Anatoly L. Method and apparatus for free fall electrostatic separation using triboelectric and corona charging
JP2001283661A (ja) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-12 Hitachi Zosen Corp 廃電線リサイクルシステム
WO2004009242A2 (fr) * 2002-07-22 2004-01-29 Mba Polymers, Inc. Mediation de separations electrostatiques

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010055489A1 (fr) 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Terra Nova Procede de recuperation des metaux contenus dans les dechets electroniques a matieres plastiques
EP2576071B1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2021-03-31 Stefano Cassani Procédé et dispositif de séparation de particules d'un matériau synthétique déterminé des particules de différents matériaux synthétiques
ITRE20110106A1 (it) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-31 Stefano Cassani Dispositivo di separazione di particelle di un determinato materiale sintetico da particelle di diversi materiali sintetici, elettricamente caricate
JP2014012257A (ja) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-23 Shibaura Institute Of Technology 摩擦帯電方法及び装置
JP2018192426A (ja) * 2017-05-17 2018-12-06 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 静電選別装置
FR3132857A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2023-08-25 Igneo Ip, Llc Procédé de traitement autothermique de matériaux contenant un mélange de matières plastiques et de matières métalliques
WO2023164504A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2023-08-31 Igneo Ip, Llc Procédé de traitement autothermique de matières contenant un mélange de matières plastiques et de matières métalliques

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Publication number Publication date
FI20060204L (fi) 2007-08-29
FI20060204A0 (fi) 2006-02-28

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