WO2007094110A1 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007094110A1 WO2007094110A1 PCT/JP2006/323437 JP2006323437W WO2007094110A1 WO 2007094110 A1 WO2007094110 A1 WO 2007094110A1 JP 2006323437 W JP2006323437 W JP 2006323437W WO 2007094110 A1 WO2007094110 A1 WO 2007094110A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gate
- region
- insulating film
- silicide
- semiconductor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical group [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 164
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005883 NiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 15
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004129 N-Type Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000699 N-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEMZLVDIUVCKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OO.OS(O)(=O)=O XEMZLVDIUVCKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021423 nanocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/8238—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS
- H01L21/823814—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS with a particular manufacturing method of the source or drain structures, e.g. specific source or drain implants or silicided source or drain structures or raised source or drain structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28097—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a metallic silicide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/8238—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS
- H01L21/823828—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes
- H01L21/823835—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes silicided or salicided gate conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/4966—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET the conductor material next to the insulator being a composite material, e.g. organic material, TiN, MoSi2
- H01L29/4975—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET the conductor material next to the insulator being a composite material, e.g. organic material, TiN, MoSi2 being a silicide layer, e.g. TiSi2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66545—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET using a dummy, i.e. replacement gate in a process wherein at least a part of the final gate is self aligned to the dummy gate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a full silicide gate electrode and a method for manufacturing the same, and in particular, to improve the performance and reliability of a MOS field effect transistor (MOSFET). This is a technology related to sexualization.
- MOSFET MOS field effect transistor
- CMOS complementary MOS
- poly-Si polycrystalline silicon
- nMOS n-type MOSFET
- pMOS p-type MOSFET
- CMOS transistors require Vth to be about ⁇ 0. LeV. Therefore, nMOS uses a material with a work function force of less than poly-Si work function (4. OeV), and pMOS uses p-type poly— It is necessary to use a material with a work function of Si (5.2 eV) or higher for the gate electrode.
- Non-Patent Document 1 International electron devices meeting technical digest 2002, p. 359 describes the work of Ta and Ru formed on SiO. Each function is 4.1
- Patent Document 1 US Patent Publication No. 2005Z0070062
- SiO silicon dioxide
- impurities such as P and B are implanted as a gate electrode
- threshold voltage can be controlled by adding pure substances.
- the full silicide electrode is considered as a promising metal gate.
- the threshold control by impurity additive is used for impurities used in conventional semiconductor processes (for pMO S: B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, nMOS: N, P, As, Sb, Bi).
- nMOS an effective work function of about 4.2 to 4.4 eV is obtained for nMOS, and 4.7 to 4.9 eV for pMOS.
- Such a threshold change is caused by segregation at the interface of the silicide electrode ZSiO gate insulating film due to the so-called “snow plowing” effect of the above-described added impurities during silicidation.
- Threshold control by impurity addition is possible as pMOS and nMOS can be made separately, so it is promising as a threshold control method for transistors using SiO as the gate insulating film.
- the dual metal gate technology that forms different alloys with different work functions is a process that etches and removes the metal layer deposited on the gate insulating film of either pMOS or nMOS. This is necessary, and the quality of the gate insulating film is deteriorated during the etching, so that the device characteristics and reliability are lowered.
- NiSi electrode (nickel monosilicide electrode) obtained by fully siliciding the material with Ni is suitable.
- the effective work function obtained for nMOS is about 4.2 to 4.4 eV
- the effective work function obtained for pMOS is about 4.7 to 4.9 eV.
- the gate electrode has a Ni composition of 30-60% and contains n-type impurities.
- the gate electrode has a Ni composition of 40-60% and is p-type.
- impurities are included, effective work functions of about 4. leV and 5. leV are obtained, respectively.
- Ni silicide electrodes with an effective work function for nMOS: 4. OeV, for pMOS: 5.2 eV that can realize the threshold values necessary for high-performance nMOS and pMOS in this composition region have been found. Nah ...
- the device performance tends to deteriorate as soon as peeling occurs at the gate electrode Z insulating film interface.
- the Ni composition of the gate electrode is 40% or more, compressive stress due to the electrode is applied to the gate insulating film, which reduces the reliability of the gate insulating film!
- nMOS and pMOS silicide electrodes can be formed by one-time silicidation to reduce costs by simplifying the process!
- the composition of the nMOS and pMOS Ni full-silicide electrodes must be the same.
- High-performance CMOS devices while the nMOS and pMOS gate electrodes have the same composition.
- No Ni silicide electrode has been found that has an effective work function (nMOS: 4. OeV, pMOS: 5.2 eV) that can realize the value without the necessity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with improved element characteristics and reliability and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a semiconductor device comprising a silicon substrate, a gate insulating film on the silicon substrate, a gate electrode on the gate insulating film, and a field effect transistor having a source / drain region,
- the silicide constituting the crystallized Ni silicide region is Ni Si (0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.
- the silicon substrate has a region containing a fluorine atom in the case of a P-channel transistor and a region containing a nitrogen atom in the case of an N-channel transistor at least in a portion in contact with the gate insulating film. 4.
- the semiconductor device according to any one of 1 to 3 above.
- a P-channel field effect transistor having a first gate insulating film on the silicon substrate, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulating film, and a first source and drain region;
- a semiconductor device comprising: a second gate insulating film on the silicon substrate; a second gate electrode on the second gate insulating film; and an N-channel field effect transistor having a second source and drain region,
- the first gate electrode has a crystallized Ni silicide region containing a p-type impurity at least in a portion in contact with the first gate insulating film,
- the second gate electrode is a semiconductor device having a crystallized Ni silicide region containing an n-type impurity in at least a portion in contact with the second gate insulating film.
- the first and second gate electrodes each include a region containing an impurity element having a high concentration from above the portions in contact with the first and second gate insulating films, respectively.
- a semiconductor device according to any one of the above.
- the first and second gate insulating films each include a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, or a silicon nitride film in contact with the first and second gate electrodes, respectively.
- a semiconductor device according to any one of the above.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: a step of selectively removing surplus nickel in the nickel film that has a saliency.
- a semiconductor device according to item 14 or 15.
- the semiconductor device according to any one of items 4 to 16.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a semiconductor device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the composition of crystallized Ni silicide and the film thickness ratio between polycrystalline silicon and Ni (Si film thickness, ZSi film thickness) before silicidation.
- FIG. 3 A graph showing the relationship between the effective work function of crystallized Ni silicide, the Ni composition, and the effect of impurity addition.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a threshold range of a transistor that can be realized by a work function of a silicide electrode manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a process sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a process sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing measurement results of drain current and gate voltage characteristics of a MOSFET fabricated according to the present invention (FIG. 7 (a) shows nMOS and FIG. 7 (b) shows pMOS measurement results).
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the Ni silicide composition according to the prior art (comparative example) and the film thickness ratio between polycrystalline silicon and Ni before silicidation.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the effective work function of Ni silicide and the Ni composition.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a threshold value variation of a transistor manufactured according to the present invention and a conventional technique (comparative example).
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a semiconductor device of the invention.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows a threshold of a transistor manufactured according to the third embodiment of the present invention (fluorine addition).
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a threshold range of a transistor manufactured according to the third embodiment (nitrogen addition) of the present invention.
- a SiO gate insulating film (film thickness: 3 nm) is formed on a silicon substrate, and a film thickness of 80 nm is formed thereon.
- a nanocrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film was formed.
- an impurity element was ion-implanted into the poly-Si film.
- the impurity element to be added one having a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type of the channel region of the transistor (that is, a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type of the silicon substrate active region in which the channel immediately below the gate insulating film is formed) was used.
- nMOS, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, etc. which are n-type impurities for Si
- pMOS, B, Al which are p-type impurities, for Si , In, Ga, Tl, etc. can be ion-implanted.
- a Ni film (film thickness: T) is deposited on the poly-Si film (film thickness: T), and then heat treatment is performed.
- the poly-Si film was fully silicided.
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the ratio of the thickness of the poly-Si film (Si film) and the Ni film before silicidation and the type of crystal phase of nickel silicide formed by silicide.
- the crystal phase of Ni silicide is determined stepwise with respect to the thickness of the Ni film deposited on the poly-Si film, that is, the amount of Ni supplied to poly-Si. .
- the Ni silicide crystal phase near the gate electrode Z insulating film interface that affects the effective work function is mainly the NiSi phase
- phase is a silicide mainly composed of NiSi phase
- the range of ⁇ / ⁇ 0.28-0.54
- the silicidation temperature must be 600 ° C or higher, preferably 650 ° C or higher.
- the composition ratio (NiZ (Ni + Si)) that determines the work function of Ni silicide is NiSi, N
- the same crystal phase Since the crystal phase of iSi, Ni Si, etc. is almost self-aligned, the same crystal phase
- the thickness of the Ni film that can be obtained (that is, the same work function can be obtained) can suppress variations due to the manufacturing process in which the margin of process conditions such as silicide temperature is wide.
- the impurity elements prayed near the silicide electrode z insulating film interface due to the “snow plowing” effect.
- the concentration of the impure element was less than 1 X 10 2 cm _3 near the interface, the effective work function hardly changed. Therefore, in order to change the effective work function, it is preferable that the gate electrode portion near the gate electrode Z gate insulating film interface has an impurity segregation region containing a higher concentration of impurities from above the impurity segregation region. It is preferable that the impurity concentration of is 1 ⁇ 10 2 G cm _3 or more.
- the impurity concentration of the impurity segregation area is more preferably 1 X 10 23 cm_ 3 or less preferably fixture 5 X 10 22 cm_ 3 below. That is, the gate electrode according to the present invention preferably contains an impurity element in the above concentration range in a portion in contact with the gate insulating film.
- the impurity region (impurity segregation region) in the above-mentioned concentration range in the gate electrode extends along the thickness direction (perpendicular to the substrate plane) from the gate electrode Z insulating film interface. It is preferable to exist over 5 nm.
- NiSi has a weak peak intensity
- NiSi Ni silicide formed when ⁇ / ⁇ is 1.6 or more
- Figure 2 shows the ratio of the Ni composition in the electrode near the interface of the electrode Z insulating film of the MOS capacitor fabricated as described above and the Ni film thickness before the silicidation Zpoly—Si film thickness (Si film thickness) ( ⁇ / ⁇ )
- Ni Si relationship Shows Ni Si relationship.
- the Ni composition in the electrode was determined from XPS measurements.
- the electrode composition error bars show variations in multipoint measurement by XPS.
- the Ni composition in the electrode near the interface is determined in stages according to the ⁇ / ⁇ ratio.
- the Ni composition in the electrode near the interface was 33.3 ⁇ 7%, 50 ⁇ 5%, and 75 ⁇ 5%, respectively.
- These compositions are essentially NiSi Ni composition (33.3%), N
- compositional power of Ni in the electrode is determined in a self-aligned manner depending on the crystal phase as shown in Table 1.
- Fig. 3 shows the MOS capacitor fabricated as described above in the case where V is not doped with an impurity element (undope), when As is added, and when B is added (As and The amount of B added to poly-Si is 5 x 10 20 cm “ 3 ).
- the relationship between the effective work function of Ni silicide and the silicide electrode composition near the interface is shown.
- the variation in multipoint measurement by XPS is shown, and the main crystal phase in the composition is shown in the figure.
- the effective work function changes due to the impurities added (impurity added and no added) as the Ni composition decreases (Si composition increases). Difference) is increasing.
- the main crystal phase is NiSi.
- Ni composition is 26 atomic%.
- the effective work function in the case of As addition is 4. OeV, and in the case of B addition is 5.2 eV.
- Effective work function required for high-performance CMOSFET devices for nMOS: 4. OeV or less, for pM OS: 5. 2eV or more).
- the effective work function of Ni silicide doped with impurities is Since it is affected, it is preferable to form a silicide whose Ni composition is determined in a self-aligned manner. In other words, it is preferable to form a silicide having a thermodynamically stable crystal phase as a main crystal phase. In particular, a silicide in which a NiSi crystal phase is a main crystal phase is formed.
- the Ni composition is determined in a self-aligned manner by the formation of the NiSi crystal phase.
- the electrode composition is determined in a self-aligned manner during full silicide, a transistor with reduced threshold variation can be formed.
- silicide with a Ni composition of less than 40 atomic% can be formed, the adhesion between the silicide electrode and the gate insulating film is improved, and the compressive stress caused by the gate electrode on the gate insulating film can be suppressed, resulting in reliability.
- a high transistor can be formed.
- the MOSFET threshold value (Vth) that can be predicted from the effective work function is as shown in Fig. 4 with respect to the channel impurity concentration.
- the impurity element is added and the effective work function is modulated to 4. OeV or less for nMOS or 5.2 eV or more for pMOS.
- the crystallized Ni silicide constituting the gate electrode preferably has a Ni composition of less than 40 atomic%.
- the adhesion to a gate insulating film such as a silicon oxide film (SiO film) or a silicon oxynitride film (SiON film) is good.
- the Ni composition of the crystallized Ni silicide constituting the gate electrode is preferably 10 atomic% or more, preferably 5 atomic% or more from the viewpoint of suppressing gate depletion and reducing gate resistance. More preferably, from the viewpoint of threshold control, 20 atomic% or more is preferable 25 atomic% or more is more preferable 30 atomic% or more is particularly preferable. Considering threshold control in addition to the reliability improvement described above, this Ni composition is preferably 38% atom or less. More preferably, it is 35% or less.
- the Ni composition indicates the ratio of Ni amount to the total amount of Ni and Si (NiZ (Ni + Si)) as a percentage based on the number of atoms.
- Ni silicide represented by Ni Si (0.1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.4) is preferred in terms of preventing gate depletion, reducing gate resistance, and improving reliability.
- Ni Si (0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4) is more preferable in consideration of control.
- X in the formula is preferably in the above Ni composition range from the above viewpoint.
- the region of crystallized silicide having the above Ni composition is in the thickness direction from the gate electrode Z insulating film interface (perpendicular to the substrate plane). It is preferable to exist over 5nm along lOnm or more.
- the present invention uses the above-described crystallized Ni silicide electrode doped with impurities as the gate electrode, when fabricating a CMOS device, as described later, the nMOS and Ni silicide electrode for pMOS can be formed. Therefore, the number of steps can be reduced, and the process can be simplified, so that the cost can be reduced.
- a nitride film (SiON film) can be used. Further, a high dielectric constant insulating film such as an HfSiON film may be used as the gate insulating film. In this case, the threshold change width due to the impurity addition is smaller than that in the case of using the Si O and SiON gate insulating film, but it is in contact with the gate electrode.
- the effective work function change can be increased by interposing a silicon oxide film, silicon oxynitride film, or silicon nitride film in the portion, and as a result, a low threshold value can be realized in the MOSFET.
- a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film may be provided between the high dielectric constant insulating film and the silicon substrate.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a CMOSFET structure using Ni silicide doped with an impurity element as a gate electrode.
- reference numeral 1 is a silicon substrate
- 2 is an element isolation region
- 3 is a gate insulating film
- 6 is an extension diffusion region
- 7 is a gate sidewall
- 11 is an interlayer insulating film
- 13 is an n-type full film.
- a silicide electrode, 14 is a p-type full silicide electrode
- 19 and 20 are impurity segregation regions.
- the effective work function of the gate electrode can be increased by about 0. leV.
- the threshold can be lowered by about 0. IV.
- the effective work function of the gate electrode can be reduced by about 0.leV, and as a result, nM OS! Can be lowered by about 0. IV.
- the work function of the gate electrode of the pMOS and the work function of the gate electrode of the nMOS can be controlled by the composition of the silicide constituting the gate electrode and the impurities contained in the silicide. it can. That is, crystallized silicide having the same composition as the gate material is formed in the pMOS region and the nMOS region, and the silicide in the pMOS region and the silicide in the nMOS region may contain different impurities. Therefore, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, after forming the gate material on the gate insulating film, the gate electrode having a different work function is formed between the pMOS and the nMOS without performing the process of removing the gate material.
- CMOS device with excellent reliability can be manufactured.
- impurities can be added to the gate material with high accuracy using techniques established so far, such as ion implantation, variations in threshold voltage can be suppressed.
- FIGS. 5 (a) to (h) and FIGS. 6 (i) to (j) are cross-sectional views showing the MOSFET manufacturing steps according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the element isolation region 2 was formed on the surface region of the silicon substrate 1 by using STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) technology. Subsequently, a gate insulating film 3 having SiON force was formed on the surface of the silicon substrate from which the elements were separated.
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- a poly-Si film 4 having a thickness of 80 nm is formed on the gate insulating film 3, and a normal PR process using a resist is applied to the Poly-Si film.
- ion implantation thus, different impurity elements were ion-implanted into the nMOS region and the pMOS region, respectively.
- the laminated film of the poly-Si film 4 and the silicon oxide film 5 is processed by using the lithography technique and the RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) technique.
- a gate electrode pattern was formed.
- ion implantation was performed using the gate electrode pattern as a mask to form the extension diffusion region 6 in a self-aligned manner. This process was performed separately for the nMOS region and the pMOS region.
- a gate side wall 7 was formed as shown in FIG. 5 (d) by sequentially depositing a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxide film, followed by etching back.
- nMOS region and the pMOS region were masked and connected to the other region, and ion implantation was performed again to form the source / drain diffusion region 8. This process was performed for the nMOS region and the pMOS region, respectively.
- the source / drain diffusion region is activated by a subsequent heat treatment.
- a metal film 9 having a thickness of 20 nm is deposited on the entire surface by sputtering, and then the gate electrode pattern, the gate sidewall, and the element isolation region are masked by salicide technology.
- a silicide layer 10 having a thickness of about 40 nm was formed only in the source and drain diffusion regions (FIG. 5 (f))).
- a Ni monosilicide (NiSi) layer that can have the lowest contact resistance was formed.
- Co silicide or Ti silicide instead of Ni silicide.
- an interlayer insulating film 11 made of a silicon oxide film was formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- the interlayer insulating film 11 is planarized by CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) technology, and then the interlayer insulating film is etched back as shown in FIG. 4 was exposed.
- CMP Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- the poly-Si film 4 in the gate electrode pattern portion is silicided.
- Ni film 12 was deposited.
- the Ni film thickness in this process is such that the composition of the part in contact with the gate insulating film becomes NiSi when poly-Si and Ni sufficiently react to form silicide.
- Ni was deposited to 25 nm at room temperature by DC magnetron sputtering.
- a structure was formed.
- the effective work function of the silicide electrode was 4. OeV for nMOS and 5.2 eV for pMOS.
- Fig. 7 (a) shows that the effective work function is modulated to 4. OeV and the gate electrode (NiSi electrode) is present.
- FIG. 2 shows the gate voltage dependence of the nMOS drain current.
- Channel concentration is 5 X 10 17 cm_ 3
- Vth the effective work function of FIG. 4 would be expected from 4.
- OEV is 0. IV.
- Fig. 7 (a) the Vth of the nMOS with NiSi electrode was predicted from the effective work function.
- the electron mobility should be equivalent to that of a transistor using poly-Si for the gate electrode and SiO for the gate insulating film.
- Fig. 7 (b) shows that the effective work function is modulated to 5.2 eV and the gate electrode (NiSi electrode) is provided.
- FIG. 2 shows the gate voltage dependence of the pMOS drain current.
- Channel concentration is 5 X 10 17 cm_ 3
- Vth the effective work function of FIG. 4 would be expected from the 5.
- 2 eV is 0. IV.
- the Vth of the pMOS with a NiSi electrode is predicted from the effective work function. As you can see, it is 0. IV.
- the electron mobility of this transistor is equivalent to that of a transistor using poly-Si for the gate electrode and SiO for the gate insulating film.
- nMOS and pMOS Ni full silicide electrodes can be formed with one silicidation, and the process is simplified, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. it can.
- Patent Document 2 a poly-Si film is formed on a silicon substrate through a thermal oxide film, and a Ni film is formed thereon. Heat treatment is performed at 400 ° C for 1 minute to cause silicidation reaction. At that time, Ni film with different thickness is formed with respect to a certain thickness of poly-Si film, and heat treatment is performed. Silicidation layers with different contents were formed. Not pure concentration in the vicinity of the interface with the insulating film in Shirisaidi ⁇ were 10 21 CM_ 3 or more.
- the force or strength is very weak, that is, the formed silicide layer is amorphous.
- the force crystallinity is very low.
- FIG. 8 shows the Ni composition (composition near the interface between the silicide layer and the insulating film) of the silicide layer (silicide electrode) of the above-mentioned MOS capacitor and the NiZpoly-Si film thickness ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- This Ni composition was obtained from XPS measurement.
- FIG. 9 shows the effective work function of the silicide layer in the case of an As-added and B-added case and in the case of an impurity-free case. From this figure, it can be seen that the effective work function of the silicide layer increases with increasing Ni composition when no impurities are added. Therefore, for example, when the Ni composition varies by about 5%, threshold variation of about 0.1 to 0.2 V occurs. This tendency is completely different from the above-mentioned crystallized Ni full silicide electrode formed according to the present invention. This difference in effective work function change due to electrode composition is thought to be due to the difference in crystallinity resulting from the difference in formation method. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, the ability to conduct silicidation by heating at 400 ° C.
- silicidation conditions in the present invention are 5 minutes at 400 ° C when ⁇ / ⁇ is 0.55 or more, and 2 minutes at 650 ° C when ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 0.55.
- FIG. 9 also shows the effective work function of the silicide layer formed by the method described in Patent Document 2 and doped with impurities (As, B). From this figure, even when impurities are added, the effective work function increases as the Ni composition of the base silicide layer increases. In other words, there is no significant increase in the effective work function change (difference between the case where impurities are added and the case where no impurities are added) depending on the Ni composition. This tendency is completely different from that of the crystallized Ni full silicide electrode formed according to the present invention. That is, in the crystallized Ni fluoricide electrode according to the present invention, the effective work function change increases as the Ni composition decreases (the Si composition increases!). The difference in the dependence of the effective work function due to the impurity addition on the electrode composition depends on the difference in crystallinity resulting from the difference in the formation method as in the case of no addition of impurities.
- the effective work function of the silicide layer doped with impurities formed by the method described in Patent Document 2 is about 4. leV when the Ni composition is 30-60 atomic% and 11-type impurities are included.
- the effective work function is obtained, while the Ni composition is 40-70 atomic% and contains impurities Is a force that has an effective work function of about 5 leV Ni with an effective work function (for nMOS: 4. OeV, for pMOS: 5.2 eV) that can achieve the threshold required for high-performance nMOS and pMOS
- the silicide electrode was unobtainable.
- the Ni composition is 40 atomic% or more, the adhesion between Ni and the SiO gate insulating film is very low.
- the impurity-added silicide layer formed by the method described in Patent Document 2 is not a Ni silicide having a stoichiometric ratio as described in Patent Document 2, and therefore, after the formation, It was observed that the composition distribution in the film was changed by heat treatment, and as a result, the effective work function varied greatly.
- FIG. 10 shows the impurity doped crystallized NiSi formed in accordance with the present invention.
- the threshold value variation in the transistor used for the electrode is shown.
- the absolute amount of variation was 4 mV in accordance with the present invention and 150 mV in accordance with Patent Document 2.
- FIG. 11 (a) to (! 1), FIG. 12 (i) to (k), and FIG. 13 (1) to (n) are cross-sectional views showing the MOSFET manufacturing process according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (i) to (k) are cross-sectional views showing the MOSFET manufacturing process according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a silicide layer is formed in the source / drain diffusion region after the silicide for forming the gate electrode, and a silicon nitride film is formed to improve the electron mobility by applying strain to the MOSFET channel.
- the process of carrying out is included.
- Sb is added to the poly-Si film in the nMOS region
- In is added to the poly-Si film in the pMOS region.
- a silicon nitride film 15 was formed on the entire surface by the CVD method. This nitride film serves to protect the substrate and the like when the interlayer insulating film 11 is later removed by wet processing. [0100] Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (f), an interlayer insulating film 11 made of a silicon oxide film was formed by the CVD method.
- the interlayer insulating film 11 is flattened by CMP technology, and then the interlayer insulating film is etched back to expose the poly-Si film 4 of the gate electrode pattern as shown in FIG. 11 (g). It was.
- a Ni film 12 for siliciding the poly-Si film 4 of the gate electrode pattern was deposited.
- the Ni film thickness in this process is such that the composition of the part in contact with the gate insulating film becomes NiSi when poly-Si and Ni sufficiently react to form silicide.
- Ni was deposited to 25 nm at room temperature by DC magnetron sputtering.
- the additive element (Sb) in the inside was prayed near the electrode Z insulating film interface, and a layered impurity segregation region 19 was formed.
- the additive element (In) in the silicide electrode in the pMOS region was also prayed near the electrode Z insulating film interface as shown in FIG. 12 (i), and a layered impurity segregation region 20 was formed.
- the interlayer insulating film 11 was removed with a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and then the silicon nitride film 15 was removed with phosphoric acid.
- a metal film having a thickness of 20 nm is deposited on the entire surface by sputtering, and the salicide technique is used to mask the gate electrode, the gate sidewall, and the element isolation region as a mask to a thickness of about 40 nm only in the source / drain diffusion region.
- the silicide layer 10 was formed (FIG. 12 (k))).
- a Ni monosilicide (NiSi) layer that can have the lowest contact resistance was formed. You can use Co silicide or Ti silicide instead of Ni silicide!
- a silicon nitride film 16 was formed on the entire surface by CVD to apply tensile stress to the n-type channel to improve electron mobility.
- a normal PR process using a resist and ion implantation are combined.
- ions were implanted into the silicon nitride film 16 on the pMOS region, and the stress of the silicon nitride film 16 was relieved.
- a silicon oxide film interlayer insulating film 17 was formed by the CVD method.
- a contact plug and an upper layer wiring are formed in accordance with a normal method, and a full silicide electrode 13 in which different impurity elements pray near the electrode Z insulating film interface in the nMOS region and pMOS region A CMOS structure with 14 was formed.
- the effective work function of the full silicide electrode 13 was 4. OeV for nMOS and 5.2 eV for pMOS.
- Vth is 0.4 for nMOS and 0.4 for pMOS, as expected, as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the electron mobility is poly-Si for the gate electrode and SiO for the gate insulating film.
- SiON gate insulating film can be combined to obtain excellent transistor characteristics.
- 15 (a) to 15 (e) are cross-sectional views illustrating MOSFET manufacturing steps according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- fluorine is used for the silicon substrate in the pMOS region where the p channel is formed
- nitrogen is used for the silicon substrate in the n MOS region where the n channel is formed. Ion implantation.
- An isolation region 2 was formed using an (isolation) technique.
- an nMOS region 101 and a pMOS region 102 are formed on the surface of the element-isolated silicon substrate using a normal lithography process and an ion implantation method. did.
- sacrificial oxide films 103 and 104 having a thickness of about 16 nm and 3 nm were formed on the surfaces of the nMOS region 101 and the pMOS region 102, respectively.
- the upper force of the sacrificial oxide films 103 and 104 is also applied to the nMOS region 101 with respect to the silicon substrate in a state where one region is masked using a normal lithography process and an ion implantation method.
- Fluorine and nitrogen were implanted into the pMOS region 102.
- the implantation energy and dose were set to, for example, 15 KeV and 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm — 2 for both fluorine and nitrogen. If ion implantation is carried out in this condition, when the amount of nitrogen 105 and fluorine 1 06 immediately below the sacrificial Sani ⁇ 103 and 104 were quantified by the SIMS method, were both 1 X 10 2G cm_ 3 about.
- heat treatment was performed at 900 ° C. for about 10 seconds, and then the sacrificial oxide films 103 and 104 were removed with a hydrofluoric acid solution.
- a SiO gate insulating film 3 having a thickness of 1.8 nm was formed.
- CMOS After the formation of the gate insulating film 3, the same process as the MOSFET manufacturing process according to the first embodiment was performed to form the CMOS shown in FIG.
- CMOS an impurity segregation region in which p-type impurities 19 such as As in the nMOS region and p-type impurities 20 such as B in the pMOS region are prayed near the gate electrode Z insulating film interface.
- p-type impurities 19 such as As in the nMOS region
- p-type impurities 20 such as B in the pMOS region
- FIG. 17 shows the pM OS threshold when the amount of fluorine in the silicon substrate after the formation of the MOSFET is changed by changing the amount of fluorine implanted in the MOSFET fabricated as described above.
- the absolute value of the threshold is decreased with increase of the fluorine content, approximately reaches 0. IV fluorine amount l X 10 17 cm_ about 3.
- the amount of fluorine in the gate insulating film immediately under the channel is more preferably 1 X 10 16 cm_ 3 on more than the preferred device 5 X 10 16 cm_ 3 or more .
- the amount of fluorine exceeds 2 X 10 17 cm_ 3, joined at the source 'drain region for crystal defect formation caused by the ion implantation Li Tend to increase. Further, when the fluorine content exceeds 5 X 10 17 cm_ 3, since Zosokusani ⁇ is accelerated, there is a tendency that control of the film thickness 2nm below the gate insulating film required for fine CMOS device formed becomes difficult . Therefore, the amount of fluorine in the channel directly below the gate insulating film is preferably 5 X 10 17 cm— 3 or less, with the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of crystal defects accompanying accelerated oxidation and ion implantation. 2 X 10 17 cm_ 3 The following is more preferable.
- FIG. 18 shows the threshold value of the nMOS when the amount of nitrogen in the silicon substrate after the MOSFET is formed is changed by changing the amount of nitrogen implanted in the MOSFET manufactured as described above. Threshold decreases with increasing nitrogen content, approximately reaches 0. IV in nitrogen content 1 X 10 19 cm_ 3 extent.
- the amount of fluorine in the gate insulating film immediately under channel 1 X 10 18 cm_ 3 or preferably tool 5 X 1 0 18 cm_ 3 or more is more preferable.
- the nitrogen content is too high, especially exceeds a l X 10 2 ° cm_ 3, the reliability of the gate insulating film tends to be deteriorated. Therefore, suppressing force reliability deterioration of a gate insulating film also has a nitrogen content in the gate insulating film immediately under channel, 1 X 10 2 cm_ 3 or less preferably fixture 5 X 10 19 cm_ 3 or less is more preferable.
- the crystal has a substantially NiSi composition and is doped with impurities.
- CMOS device with a threshold can be obtained.
- a so-called high dielectric constant insulating film such as HfSiON can be used as the gate insulating film.
- the change in threshold value is reduced as compared with the case where a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film is used.
- an effective work function is obtained by interposing a silicon oxide film, silicon oxynitride film or silicon nitride film as a cap film 22 between the gate electrode and the high dielectric constant insulating film 21.
- a low threshold can be realized.
- Between high dielectric constant insulating film and substrate May be provided with a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film.
- the “effective work function” of the gate electrode is generally obtained from a flat band obtained by CV measurement, and in addition to the original work function of the gate electrode, It is affected by fixed charges, dipoles formed at the interface, Fermi level spinning, etc. It is distinguished from the original “work function” of the material constituting the gate electrode.
- the “high dielectric constant insulating film” generally refers to a silicon dioxide (SiO2) film that has been used as a gate insulating film.
- the dielectric constant is higher than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide, and its specific value is not limited.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2008218852A (ja) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-18 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
WO2009084376A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Nec Corporation | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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US7727870B2 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2010-06-01 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method of making a semiconductor device using a stressor |
WO2009157042A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-30 | 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置とその製造方法 |
US7893502B2 (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2011-02-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Threshold voltage improvement employing fluorine implantation and adjustment oxide layer |
US9536880B2 (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2017-01-03 | Broadcom Corporation | Devices having multiple threshold voltages and method of fabricating such devices |
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KR101028982B1 (ko) | 2011-04-12 |
KR20080098421A (ko) | 2008-11-07 |
US20090026550A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
JPWO2007094110A1 (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
CN101375403A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
US8026554B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
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