WO2007069553A1 - 燃料電池システム及び移動体 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び移動体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007069553A1 WO2007069553A1 PCT/JP2006/324616 JP2006324616W WO2007069553A1 WO 2007069553 A1 WO2007069553 A1 WO 2007069553A1 JP 2006324616 W JP2006324616 W JP 2006324616W WO 2007069553 A1 WO2007069553 A1 WO 2007069553A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- gas
- fuel
- learning
- pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 49
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoprophos Chemical compound CCCSP(=O)(OCC)SCCC VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a moving body. Background Technology ''
- a fuel cell system equipped with a fuel cell that generates power by receiving supply of reaction gas has been proposed and put into practical use.
- a fuel cell system is provided with a fuel supply channel for flowing fuel gas supplied from a fuel supply source such as a hydrogen tank to the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell As a pressure adjusting valve that is provided on the fuel supply flow path and adjusts the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell, by applying an applied pressure using an oxidizing gas as a pressure drop, the fuel cell There is known a fuel cell system provided with a variable pressure control valve that can adjust the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the battery (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5-1 5 0 0 90 0, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 0 4.—See 3 4 2 3 8 6).
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to appropriately change the supply pressure of the fuel gas in accordance with the operating state of the fuel cell, and suppress the influence of aging and individual differences as much as possible. To ensure good pressure response To do.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel supply system for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell, and a gas state upstream of the fuel supply system.
- a gas state variable supply device to be supplied to the downstream side, and the gas state variable supply device is connected to the operating state of the fuel cell (power generation amount (power, current, voltage) of the fuel cell, temperature of the fuel cell, abnormality of the fuel cell system)
- a fuel cell system that controls driving according to the state, an abnormal state of the fuel cell main body, and the like, and learning the drive characteristics of the gas state variable supply device, and based on the learning result, Learning means for setting the drive parameters of the gas state variable supply unit is provided.
- Gas state means the state of gas (flow rate, pressure, temperature, molar concentration, etc.), and particularly includes at least one of gas flow rate and gas pressure.
- the gas state variable supply device is arranged so as to be movable in the internal flow that communicates between the upstream side and the downstream side, and the opening area of the internal flow channel can be changed according to the movement position.
- a valve body drive unit that drives the valve body with an electromagnetic driving force, and may be an electromagnetic drive type injector, or the valve body is driven via a diaphragm by air pressure or a motor, for example. It can be a variable pressure regulator such as a diaphragm regulator.
- the driving characteristics of the gas state variable supply device include, for example, the fuel cell inlet side gas state (secondary gas state of the gas state variable supply device) and the inlet side target gas state (secondary target of the gas state variable supply device).
- Gas state fuel cell inlet side gas state (secondary gas state of gas state variable supply device) and generated current
- the drive parameters of the gas state variable supply device are, for example, an injection amount, an injection time, a duty ratio, a drive frequency, a drive pulse, etc. when the gas state variable supply device is an injector of the above electromagnetic drive system.
- the gas state variable supply device is the diaphragm type regulator, there is an applied pressure (for example, fluid pressure or panel pressure) that urges the valve body in the opening direction or the closing direction via the diaphragm. . '
- the learning means may learn the driving characteristics of the gas state variable supply device for each of a plurality of learning regions corresponding to the output of the fuel cell.
- the learning means may learn the drive characteristics of the gas state variable supply device according to the state of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell. According to these configurations, learning of the drive characteristics of the gas state variable supply device is performed according to the output of the fuel cell and the state of the fuel gas actually supplied to the fuel cell, so that the learning accuracy is improved.
- learning during fuel cell operation is possible. Furthermore, even if the gas state can be varied (adjusted) over a wide range, can the deterioration of pressure regulation accuracy due to changes over time or differences in solids be suppressed? ).
- the state of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell includes, for example, the pressure and flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell, the primary side pressure of the gas state variable supply unit ft, etc. There are combinations with the other including either pressure or flow rate.
- the learning unit performs the learning when a variation in a generation current of the fuel cell and a fuel gas pressure (a gas state of the fuel gas) supplied to the fuel cell is equal to or less than a predetermined value. You may go. Further, the learning may be prohibited while the off-gas of the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell is purged to the outside of the fuel supply system.
- the drive parameter may be set based on individual differences of the gas state variable supply device during system manufacture. According to such a configuration, it is possible to optimize the drive parameters of the gas state variable supply device regardless of individual differences before the fuel cell system reaches the user's hand.
- the moving body according to the present invention includes the fuel cell system. According to such a configuration, the fuel cell system capable of driving and controlling the gas state variable supply device reflecting the variation due to aging and individual differences is provided, so that a good pressure response can be ensured. Can do.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the process of calculating the injector injection time in the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a map used for the process of step S 3 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a map used for the process of step S5 of the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a map used for the process of step S 11 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the learning value calculation process in the map used for the processing in step S 11 of the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a map used in the process of step S 23 of the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing of steps S 25 and S 27 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the processing in step S 29 of the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the processing of steps S 3 1 to S 35 in the flowchart shown in FIG. No:
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell 10 that generates electric power upon receiving supply of reaction gases (oxidized gas and fuel gas), and includes a fuel cell 10.
- Oxygen gas piping system (fuel supply system) 2 that supplies air as oxidizing gas 2
- Hydrogen gas piping system 3 that supplies hydrogen gas as fuel gas to the fuel cell 10 3
- Control system that controls the entire system ( Control means, learning means) 4 etc.
- the fuel cell 10 has a stack structure in which a required number of unit cells that generate power upon supply of reaction gas are stacked, and the power generated by the fuel cell 10 is PCU (Power Control Unit) 1 1 To be supplied.
- PCU 1 1 is an inverter that is placed between fuel cell 10 and traction motor 1 2 DC-DC A converter is provided.
- the fuel cell 10 is provided with a current sensor 13 for detecting a current during the generation.
- the oxidizing gas piping system 2 includes an air supply channel 21 for supplying the oxidizing gas (air) humidified by the humidifier 20 to the fuel cell 10, and an “oxidized off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 10.
- An air discharge passage 22 that leads to the humidifier 20 and an exhaust passage 23 that guides the oxidant off-gas from the humidifier 20 to the outside are provided.
- the air supply passage 21 is a compressor that takes in the oxidizing gas in the atmosphere and pumps it to the humidifier 20.
- the water gas piping system 3 includes a hydrogen tank 30 as a fuel supply source storing hydrogen gas at a high pressure (for example, 7 OMPa), and a hydrogen gas for supplying the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 to the fuel cell 10.
- Hydrogen supply flow path 31 as a fuel supply flow path : A circulation flow path for returning the hydrogen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 10 to the hydrogen supply flow path 31
- the hydrogen gas piping system 3 is a cold embodiment of the fuel supply system in the present invention. .
- a reformer that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from hydrocarbon fuel, and a high-pressure gas tank that stores the reformed gas generated by the reformer in a high-pressure state. And can also be used as a fuel supply source.
- a tank having a hydrogen storage alloy may be employed as the fuel supply source.
- the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 includes a shut-off valve 3 3 that shuts off or allows supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30, a regulator 3 4 that adjusts the pressure of the hydrogen gas, and an injector (gas state variable)
- the upstream side of the injector 35 is provided with a primary pressure sensor 41 for detecting the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply flow path 31.
- a temperature sensor 4 2 is provided downstream of the injector 3 5 and upstream of the junction between the hydrogen supply flow path 3 1 and the circulation flow path 3 2.
- a secondary pressure sensor 4 3 is provided to detect the pressure of the hydrogen gas inside.
- the regulator 34 is a device that regulates the upstream pressure (primary pressure) to a preset secondary pressure.
- a mechanical pressure reducing valve for reducing the primary pressure is employed as the regulator 34.
- the mechanical pressure reducing valve has a structure in which a back pressure chamber and a pressure regulating chamber are formed with a diaphragm separated from each other, and a primary pressure is set to a predetermined pressure in the pressure regulating chamber by the back pressure in the back pressure chamber. It is possible to adopt a known configuration in which the pressure is reduced to a secondary pressure.
- the upstream pressure of the injector 35 can be effectively reduced.
- the degree of freedom in design of the mechanical structure of the injector 35 (valve body, housing, flow path, drive device, etc.) can be increased.
- the valve body of the injector 35 is difficult to move due to an increase in the differential pressure between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the injector 35. Can be suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to widen the adjustable pressure width of the downstream pressure of the injector 35 and to suppress the decrease in the responsiveness of the injector 35.
- the injector 35 is an electromagnetic drive capable of adjusting a gas state such as a gas flow rate and a gas pressure by driving the valve body directly at a predetermined drive cycle with an electromagnetic drive force and separating it from the valve seat. It is a type on-off valve.
- the injector 35 includes a valve seat having an injection hole for injecting gaseous fuel such as hydrogen gas, a nozzle body for supplying and guiding the gaseous fuel to the injection hole, and an axial direction (gas And a valve body that is accommodated and held so as to be movable in the flow direction) and opens and closes the injection hole.
- the valve body of the injector 35 is driven by a solenoid that is an electromagnetic drive device, and the opening area of the injection hole is increased in two stages by turning on and off the pulsed excitation current supplied to the solenoid. Multi-stage, continuous (stepless), Or it can be switched to linear.
- the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen gas are controlled with high accuracy.
- the injector 35 is a valve (valve body and valve seat) that directly opens and closes with an electromagnetic driving force, and has a high responsiveness because its driving cycle can be controlled to a highly responsive region.
- the injector 35 changes at least one of the opening area (opening) and the opening time of the valve provided in the gas flow path of the injector 35 in order to supply the required gas flow rate downstream. As a result, the gas flow rate (or hydrogen molar concentration) supplied to the downstream side (fuel cell 10 side) is adjusted.
- the gas flow rate can be adjusted by opening and closing the valve body of the injector 35, and the gas pressure supplied downstream of the injector 35 is reduced from the gas pressure upstream of the injector 35. It can also be interpreted as a pressure valve (pressure reducing valve, regulator).
- the modulation amount (pressure reduction amount) of the upstream gas pressure of the injector 35 can be changed so as to match the required pressure within a predetermined pressure range according to the gas demand. It can also be interpreted as a pressure valve.
- an indicator 35 is arranged upstream of the junction A 1 with the hydrogen supply channel 31 and the circulation channel 32.
- the hydrogen gas supplied from each hydrogen tank 30 is joined (hydrogen gas joining part A 2) Place the injector 35 on the downstream side.
- An exhaust flow path 3 8 is connected to the circulation flow path 3 2 via a gas-liquid separator 3 6 and an exhaust drain valve 3 7.
- the gas-liquid separator 36 recovers moisture from the hydrogen off gas.
- the exhaust drain valve 3 7 is activated by a command from the control device 4. As a result, the water recovered by the gas-liquid separator 36, the hydrogen off-gas containing impurities in the circulation flow path 32, and the "discharge" (purge) to the outside are performed.
- the circulation channel 3 2 is provided with a hydrogen pump 39 that pressurizes the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 32 and sends it to the hydrogen supply channel 31 side.
- the gas in the exhaust flow path 38 is diluted by the diluter 40 and merges with the gas in the exhaust flow path 23.
- the control device g 4 detects the operation amount of an acceleration operating device (such as an accelerator) installed in the vehicle S, and determines the acceleration required value (eg, the required power generation amount from a load device such as the traction motor 12). Receives control information and controls the operation of various devices in the system. '
- an acceleration operating device such as an accelerator
- the load device refers to auxiliary equipment required to operate the fuel cell 10 (for example, compressor 24, hydrogen pump 39, cooling pump motor, etc.), vehicle Air conditioners (air conditioners) used in various devices (transmissions, wheel control devices, steering devices, suspension devices, etc.) involved in S traveling, air conditioners (air conditioners), lighting, audio, etc. It is a general term for consumer devices. ,
- the control device 4 is configured by a computer system (not shown).
- a computer system includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, HDD, input / output interface and display, and the CPU reads and executes various control programs recorded in the ROM. As a result, various control operations are realized.
- the control device 4 detects the generated current (hereinafter referred to as FC current) of the fuel cell 10 with the current sensor 13 (step S 1), for example, FIG. Map, that is, the FC current detected in step S 1 and the inlet target pressure of the fuel cell 10 (hereinafter referred to as FC inlet target pressure) set corresponding to the required output for the fuel cell 10.
- FC current the generated current
- FC inlet target pressure the inlet target pressure set corresponding to the required output for the fuel cell 10.
- control device 4 uses, for example, a map shown in FIG. 4, that is, a map representing the relationship between the FC current and the feedforward term (hereinafter referred to as F / F value) that is the basic injection time of the injector.
- F / F value a map representing the relationship between the FC current and the feedforward term
- the FZF value which is the basic injection time of the injector, is obtained from the FC current detected in S1 (step S5).
- control device 4 compares the FC inlet target pressure determined in step S'3 with the current fuel cell 10 inlet side pressure ⁇ (hereinafter referred to as FC inlet pressure) detected by the secondary side pressure sensor 43. Find the deviation (hereinafter referred to as FCA port pressure deviation) (Step S7), and use the correction value to correct (reduce) this FC inlet pressure deviation as the feedback term for the injector injection time (hereinafter referred to as F / B). Value) (step S9). .
- the control device 4 uses, for example, the map shown in FIG. 5, that is, the map showing the relationship between the FC current and the learning value, and the secular change of the indicator 35 from the FC current detected in step S 1
- the learning value of the injector injection time is obtained as learning ⁇ for correcting flow rate variations due to individual differences (step S11).
- the learning value is switched for each fixed FC current zone (regions 1 to 6 separated by the broken line in Fig. 5). In other words, multiple values corresponding to the fuel cell 1 O output The learning value is switched for each learning area. This learning value is updated as needed according to the operating state of the fuel cell 10, as will be described in detail later.
- control device 4 adds the FZB value obtained in step S9 and the learned value obtained in step S11 to the FZF value that is the basic injection time of the injector 35 obtained in step S3.
- the injection time (injection amount) of the injector 35 is obtained (step S 1 3).
- the injection hole of the injector 35 is in two stages: fully open and fully closed. Since the fully open / closed cycle is set to a constant value, there is a constant correlation between the injection amount and the injection time. Then, the control device 4 controls the injection time and the injection timing of the injector 35 by supplying a control signal for realizing the injection time to the injector 35 and supplies it to the fuel cell 10. Adjust the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen gas.
- the control device 4 detects the generated current (FC current) of the fuel cell 10 with the current sensor 13 (step S 2 1).
- FC current generated current
- a learning zone to be learned from the hydrogen gas flow rate is obtained using a map showing (Step S 2 3).
- step S 25 it is determined whether or not the change value of the FC current detected by the current sensor 13 is equal to or less than a predetermined value (the fluctuation in the generated current of the fuel cell is equal to or less than a certain value) (step S 25, FIG. 8). If the change value of this FC current exceeds the predetermined value (Step S 2 5: NO), the process returns to Step S 21, and if it is less than the predetermined value (Step S 2 5: YES), the current It is determined whether a predetermined time has elapsed after entering the current zone (Step S 27, Fig. 8). In these steps S 2 5 and S 2 7, it is determined whether or not it is in a steady state based on the current change value and the elapsed time after entering the current current zone.
- a predetermined value the fluctuation in the generated current of the fuel cell is equal to or less than a certain value
- step S2 7 If the predetermined time has not elapsed since entering the current current zone (step S2 7: NO), return to step S21 and if the predetermined time has elapsed (Step S27: YES), is the FC inlet pressure deviation obtained in the same way as in Step S7 in Fig. 2 below the specified value? (Fluctuation in fuel gas pressure supplied to the fuel cell is below a certain level) (Step S2.9, Figure 9).
- the processing in step S29 determines whether the learning value set based on the FC inlet pressure deviation in step S33, which will be described later, can be in an appropriate range, that is, whether the learning value is suitable for learning. ing.
- step S 29: N0 If it is not in a learnable state (step S 29: N0), go back to step S 2 1, and if it is in a learnable state (step S 29: 'YES), do the same as step S 9 in Figure 2
- step S 29: 'YES The previous value and current value of the feedback term (FZB value) of the injector injection time obtained in this way are integrated (step S31).
- step S33 it is determined whether or not the total number of times is equal to or greater than the predetermined number (step S33). If the number is less than the predetermined number (step S33: NO), the process returns to step S21. If there is (Step S 3.3: YES), the FZB value of the injector injection time accumulated in Step S 3 1 is divided by the number of calculations to obtain the average value. The average value of this F / B value is calculated in Step S 23 The current learning value in the obtained learning zone is used (Step S35, Fig. 10).
- the control device 4 learns the drive characteristics of the injector 35 through the above processing. If this driving characteristic learning is performed for all of learning zones 1 to 6, a map as shown in Fig. 5 is obtained, and this map is obtained in steps S25, S2.7, S29, and S33 of Fig. 6. It is updated for each learning zone when all the conditions are satisfied. This learning result is reflected in the setting of the drive parameter of the indicator 35 (in this embodiment, the injection time). That is, the control device 4 of the present embodiment is an example of learning means.
- the control device 4 detects the FC inlet target pressure set based on the FC current of the fuel cell 10 and the secondary pressure sensor 43. Deviation from actual FC inlet pressure In addition to calculating the FZB value to reduce the FC inlet pressure deviation, the FC inlet pressure deviation caused by the aging of the injector 35 and individual differences is learned according to the FC current. The injector injection time is set based on the learning result.
- the hydrogen gas supply pressure can be changed appropriately according to the operating conditions, and even if the pressure is varied widely, the fluctuations due to aging of the injector 35 and individual differences It is possible to ensure a good pressure response that does not depend on.
- the injector 35 functions as a water gas flow rate adjustment valve and a variable pressure control valve, it is of course possible to adjust the pressure with high accuracy in addition to improving the pressure response.
- the variation in FC inlet pressure deviation is learned only when the FC current and FC inlet pressure are stable, that is, only in a state suitable for learning.
- Injector 35 Suppresses erroneous learning of FC inlet pressure deviation variations due to factors other than aging and individual differences, ensuring good transient characteristics and stability.
- the current value (FC current) during power generation of the fuel cell 10 is detected, and the learning value is set based on this current value.
- the learning value may be set based on the hydrogen flow rate.
- the learning is prevented only by allowing learning only when the FC current and the FC inlet pressure are stable, but the state of the operating state of the fuel cell 10 (starting state)
- the control device determines the intermittent operation state, normal operation state, purge operation state, abnormal state of the fuel cell itself, abnormal state of the fuel cell system, etc., for example, by prohibiting learning when in the purge operation state
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is mounted on the fuel cell vehicle S.
- the present invention can be applied to various mobile bodies (robots, ships, aircrafts, etc.) other than the fuel cell vehicle S.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention can also be mounted.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention may be applied to a stationary power generation system used as a power generation facility for a building (house, building, etc.). Industrial availability ''
- the present invention it is possible to provide a fuel cell system and a moving body having a good pressure responsiveness that does not depend on a secular change or individual difference of the gas state variable supply device. Therefore, it can be widely used for fuel cell systems and moving bodies that have such requirements.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112006003414T DE112006003414B4 (de) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-05 | Brennstoffzellensystem sowie seine Verwendung in einem Fahrzeug |
US12/085,531 US8642224B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-05 | Fuel cell system with a learning capability to readjust the driving characteristic of a gas supply device and vehicle |
CN2006800472684A CN101331637B (zh) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-05 | 燃料电池系统和车辆 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2005-361984 | 2005-12-15 | ||
JP2005361984A JP4924792B2 (ja) | 2005-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | 燃料電池システム及び移動体 |
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WO2007069553A1 true WO2007069553A1 (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
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PCT/JP2006/324616 WO2007069553A1 (ja) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-05 | 燃料電池システム及び移動体 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8642224B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4924792B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100966910B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101331637B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006003414B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007069553A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2009021150A (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池車両 |
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JP4438854B2 (ja) | 2007-11-19 | 2010-03-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009135029A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム及び移動体 |
JP5319160B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-19 | 2013-10-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN102156020B (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-06-26 | 同济大学 | 燃料电池系统估算氢瓶氢气剩余压力的方法及装置 |
JP5737593B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-19 | 2015-06-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP6015736B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-10-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP6137126B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-05-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | バルブ制御装置およびバルブ制御方法 |
US10605530B2 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-03-31 | Asm Ip Holding B.V. | Assembly of a liner and a flange for a vertical furnace as well as the liner and the vertical furnace |
US10720655B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2020-07-21 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Partial derivative based feedback controls for pid |
US11094950B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2021-08-17 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Equation based state estimator for cooling system controller |
US10714773B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2020-07-14 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Cooling system dT/dt based control |
US10777831B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2020-09-15 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Equation based cooling system control strategy/method |
AT520682B1 (de) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes eines elektrochemischen Systems |
CN115020767A (zh) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-06 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池系统控制方法、燃料电池系统及计算机 |
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- 2006-12-05 CN CN2006800472684A patent/CN101331637B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-05 DE DE112006003414T patent/DE112006003414B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-05 US US12/085,531 patent/US8642224B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112006003414T5 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
US20090169936A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
KR20080068922A (ko) | 2008-07-24 |
US8642224B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
JP2007165183A (ja) | 2007-06-28 |
CN101331637A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
DE112006003414B4 (de) | 2010-08-26 |
JP4924792B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
CN101331637B (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
KR100966910B1 (ko) | 2010-06-30 |
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