WO2007061180A1 - Additifs pour electrolytes non aqueux et dispositif electrochimique les utilisant - Google Patents
Additifs pour electrolytes non aqueux et dispositif electrochimique les utilisant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007061180A1 WO2007061180A1 PCT/KR2006/003677 KR2006003677W WO2007061180A1 WO 2007061180 A1 WO2007061180 A1 WO 2007061180A1 KR 2006003677 W KR2006003677 W KR 2006003677W WO 2007061180 A1 WO2007061180 A1 WO 2007061180A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- sulfonate
- electrolyte
- based compound
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=S ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- -1 alkali metal cation Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018663 Mn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015013 LiAsF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015672 LiMn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013742 LiNi Co O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Pb].OS(O)(=O)=O SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for batteries comprising an additive for non-aqueous electrolytes capable of improving cycle characteristics and high- temperature characteristics of a battery. Also, the present invention relates to an electrode having improved thermal safety, and an electrochemical device, preferably a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising the same.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s are in the spotlight due to the advantages of higher drive voltages and far greater energy densities than those of conventional batteries, such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd and sulfuric acid-lead batteries.
- conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd and sulfuric acid-lead batteries.
- lithium secondary batteries have a problem in that their quality is degraded during repeated charge/ discharge cycles. The above problem becomes more serious as the drive/storage temperature of a battery increases. Therefore, there has been a continuous need for a method of improving high-temperature lifespan characteristics of a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery.
- Korean Laid-Open Patent No. 0450199 and US Patent No. 2002-0197537 disclose a method of improving lifespan characteristics and high-temperature characteristics of a battery by using a sulfonate-based compound represented by the following Formula 2 as an additive for electrolytes:
- R and R each represent an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group.
- R represents an alkyl group
- SO sulfonate
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted many studies to improve the quality of a battery by using a sulfonate (SO )-based compound. Finally, the inventors of the present invention have discovered that when a sulfonate-based compound substituted with a specific substituent (for example, a sulfonate-based compound substituted with at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group and an isothiocyanate group) is used as an additive for electrolytes, it is possible to significantly improve lifespan characteristics and high- temperature stability of a lithium battery as compared to a conventional sulfonate- based compound having no substituent as described above.
- a specific substituent for example, a sulfonate-based compound substituted with at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group and an isothiocyanate group
- an electrolyte for batteries which comprises a sulfonate-based compound having at least one of the aforementioned substituents, an electrode comprising the above compound on the electrode active material, and an electrochemical device comprising the electrolyte and/or the electrode.
- an electrolyte for batteries which comprises: (a) an electrolyte salt; (b) an electrolyte solvent; and (c) a sulfonate-based compound containing at least one electron withdrawing group (EWG) selected from the group consisting of a cyano group (-CN), an isocyanate group (-NCO), a thiocyanate group (-SCN) and an isothiocyanate group (-NCS).
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- an electrochemical device preferably a lithium secondary battery, comprising the electrolyte.
- an electrode comprising a sulfonate-based compound or a chemical reaction product thereof, partially or totally formed on a surface thereof, wherein the sulfonate-based compound contains at least one electron withdrawing group (EWG) selected from the group consisting of a cyano group (-CN), an isocyanate group (-NCO), a thiocyanate group (-SCN) and an isothiocyanate group (-NCS).
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- an electrochemical device preferably a lithium secondary battery, comprising the electrode.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte characterized by comprising, as a constitutional element thereof, a sulfonate-based compound substituted with a specific substituent, for example, at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group and an isothiocyanate group.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can realize excellent lifespan characteristics and high-temperature characteristics when compared to a battery using an electrolyte comprising a conventional non-substituted sulfonate-based compound having no substituent as described above. It is thought that the sulfonate-based compound substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group (EWG) provides more excellent effects as compared to other similar sulfonate-based compounds due to the following mechanism.
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- the polymer film serves as a passivation layer so that additives and an electrolyte cannot be decomposed any longer, thereby inhibiting side reactions between an electrode active material and an electrolyte solvent and structural collapse of an electrode, caused by co-intercalation of an electrolyte solvent into the electrode active material. Also, the polymer film functions sufficiently as a lithium ion tunnel, thereby minimizing degradation of the quality of a battery.
- the sulfonate-based compound having a sulfonate group (SO ) and an alkenyl group is further substituted with an electron withdrawing group (EWG), such as a cyano group (CN), an isocyanate group (-NCO), a thiocyanate group (-SCN), or an isothiocyanate group (-NCS).
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- the sulfonate-based compound substituted with at least one EWG substituent shows a decreased reduction potential (an increased reduction potential in the case of a half cell) when compared to conventional sulfonate-based compounds substituted with an electron donating group (EDG) or non-substituted, and thus is decomposed with ease under a low initial voltage and show high reactivity with an anode. Therefore, when the sulfonate-based compound according to the present invention is used in an electrolyte, it is possible to improve the overall quality of a battery by the sulfonate- based compound to a sufficient degree.
- EWG electron donating group
- the substituents introduced into the sulfonate-based compound according to the present invention are electron withdrawing groups having a high dipole moment.
- the above substituents can form a strong bond with a transition metal, transition metal oxide, or a carbonaceous material, exposed on the surface of an electrode active material.
- the substituents can form a stronger bond with the surface of an electrode active material at a high temperature of 45°C or higher, thereby forming a complex-like protection layer.
- the sulfonate-based compound having at least one of the above substituents can form a passivation film while being adsorbed onto the surface of an electrode.
- the sulfonate-based compound according to the present invention forms a firm and dense film more easily when compared to a non- substituted sulfonate-based compound.
- the resultant passivation film is strongly bound to the surface of an electrode active material, so that the passivation film can maintain its stability and structural integrity during repeated charge/discharge cycles, and thus can maintain the quality of a battery.
- the sulfonate-based compound according to the present invention can significantly improve cycle characteristics of a battery, particularly at a high temperature of 45°C or higher.
- One of the constitutional elements forming the electrolyte for batteries according to the present invention is a sulfonate-based compound.
- the compound there is no particular limitation in the compound, as long as it is a sulfonate-based compound having at least one electron withdrawing group (EWG) selected from a cyano group (-CN), an isocyanate group (-NCO), a thiocyanate group (-SCN), and an isothiocyanate group (-NCS).
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- -CN cyano group
- -NCO isocyanate group
- -SCN thiocyanate group
- NCS isothiocyanate group
- the sulfonate-based compound may be represented by the following Formula 1 :
- R is a C2 ⁇ C 10 alkenyl
- R is a functional group selected from the group consisting of a Cl-ClO alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group and phenyl group containing at least one substituent selected from a cyano group (-CN), an isocyanate group (-NCO), a thiocyanate group (-SCN) and an isothiocyanate group (-NCS).
- the compound represented by Formula 1 has not only an alkenyl group but also an electron withdrawing group (EWG) such as a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group or an isothiocyanate group.
- EWG electron withdrawing group
- the compound is decomposed with ease under a lower initial voltage upon the first charge cycle to form a firm and dense SEI film on the surface of an anode.
- the compound forms a kind of cathode protection film by forming a chemical bond between the above substituents and the surface of a cathode active material such as a transition metal or an oxide thereof, simultaneously with the formation of the SEI film.
- the compound donates non-shared electron pairs present in the above substituents to form a coordination bond, thereby forming a kind of complex-like protection film. Therefore, due to the protection films formed on both electrodes, it is possible to improve the quality of an anode related to lifespan characteristics and cycle characteristics, as well as the quality of a cathode related to high-temperature storage charac- teristics. As a result, it is possible to improve the overall quality of a battery and the safety of a battery at the same time.
- the sulfonate-based compound may be used in an amount controlled to improve the overall quality of a battery, it is used preferably in an amount of 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of an electrolyte. If the compound is used in an amount less than 0.1 parts by weight, it is not possible to sufficiently improve the lifespan characteristics and high temperature characteristics of a battery. On the other hand, if the compound is used in an amount greater than 10 parts by weight, irreversible capacity increases so that the battery may be degraded in terms of its overall quality.
- the electrolyte for a battery, to which the compound is added comprises conventional components widely known to one skilled in the art, for example, an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent.
- the electrolyte salt that may be used in the present invention includes a salt represented by the formula Of A 4 B " , wherein A + represents an alkali metal cation selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + and combinations thereof, and B " represents an anion selected from the group consisting of PF “ , BF “ , Cl “ , Br “ , I “ , ClO “ , AsF “ , CH CO “ , N(CF SO ) " , C(CF SO ) “ and combinations thereof.
- a lithium salt represented by the formula Of A 4 B " , wherein A + represents an alkali metal cation selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + and combinations thereof, and B " represents an anion selected from the group consisting of PF “ , BF “ , Cl “ , Br “ , I “ , ClO “ , AsF “ , CH CO “ , N(CF SO ) “ , C(CF SO ) “ and combinations thereof
- Non-limiting examples of the lithium salt include LiClO , LiCF SO , LiPF , LiBF , LiAsF , LiN(CF SO ) , and mixtures thereof.
- the organic solvents that may be used in the present invention include conventional solvents known to those skilled in the art, such as cyclic carbonates and/or linear carbonates.
- Non-limiting examples of the organic solvents include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethyoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate
- the present invention provides an electrode comprising a sulfonate- based compound or a chemical reaction product thereof, partially or totally formed on the surface thereof, wherein the sulfonate-based compound contains at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group and an isothiocyanate group.
- the electrode may be an anode comprising a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film partially or totally formed on the surface thereof via electrochemical reduction of the above sulfonate-based compound; and/or a cathode comprising a complex-like protection film formed by chemical bonding between the surface of an electrode active material and at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group and an isothiocyanate group.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the electrode having a protection film on the surface of an anode and/or a cathode can be obtained by subjecting a battery using the above-described electrolyte to charge/discharge cycles, so that the EWG substituent (e.g. a cyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group or an isothiocyanate group) of the sulfonate- based compound in the electrolyte forms a complex with the surface of the electrode active material in situ.
- the sulfonate-based compound may be coated on the surface of an electrode active material or may be used in combination with other materials forming the electrode.
- the sulfonate-based compound may be coated onto the surface of a preliminarily formed electrode.
- a battery comprises the electrode, on which a strong complex is formed via a chemical reaction between the sulfonate-based compound having at least one EWG substituent and a carbonaceous material, a transition metal or a transition metal oxide on the surface of the electrode active material, the carbonaceous material, transition metal or transition metal oxide in the electrode can be stabilized.
- the transition metal can be prevented from being partially dissolved out from the electrode active material during repeated charge/discharge cycles.
- any external physical impact is applied to the battery, it is possible to inhibit exothermic reactions caused by direct contact between the electrode surface and the electrolyte, and to retard a structural collapse of the electrode active material.
- the EWG substituent-containing sulfonate-based compound more strongly protects the electrode surface at a high temperature of 45°C or higher when compared to the protection at room temperature. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electrode having excellent thermal stability.
- the electrode according to the present invention may be formed by applying an electrode active material on a current collector according to a method known to one skilled in the art. In one embodiment of such methods, an electrode slurry containing a cathode active material or an anode active material is applied onto a current collector, followed by drying. At this time, a small amount of conductive agent and/or binder may be added, as necessary.
- cathode active materials may include any conventional cathode active materials currently used in a cathode of a conventional electrochemical device.
- Mn c such as lithium manganese composite oxides (e.g. LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickel oxides (e.g. LiNiO ), lithium cobalt oxides (e.g. LiCoO ), or other oxides containing other transition metals partially substituting for manganese, nickel and cobalt; chalcogenide (e.g. manganese dioxide, titanium dioxide, molybdenum dioxide, etc.); or the like.
- lithium manganese composite oxides e.g. LiMn 2 O 4
- lithium nickel oxides e.g. LiNiO
- lithium cobalt oxides e.g. LiCoO
- chalcogenide e.g. manganese dioxide, titanium dioxide, molybdenum dioxide, etc.
- anode active materials may include any conventional anode active materials currently used in an anode of a conventional electrochemical device.
- the anode active material include lithium intercalation materials such as lithium metal, lithium alloys, carbon, petroleum coke, activated carbon, graphite or other carbonaceous materials.
- Non-limiting examples of a cathode current collector include foil formed of aluminum, nickel or a combination thereof.
- Non-limiting examples of an anode current collector include foil formed of copper, gold, nickel, copper alloys or a combination thereof.
- binder a currently used binder may be used.
- the binder include PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or SBR (styrene butadiene rubber).
- the present invention provides an electrochemical device comprising a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises the sulfonate- based compound having the above EWG substituent; and/or either or both of the cathode and the anode comprise the sulfonate-based compound substituted with the above EWG substituent or a chemical reaction product thereof, partially or totally formed on a surface thereof.
- the separator is a porous separator.
- the separator that may be used include a polypropylene-based, polyethylene-based or polyolefin-based separator, or a porous separator, into which inorganic particles are incorporated.
- the outer shape of the electrochemical device obtained in the above-described manner The electrochemical device may be a cylindrical, prismatic, pouch-type or coin-type device.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the reduction potential of each of the electrolytes according to Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, as measured by using half cells comprising the electrolytes;
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) of each of the anode active materials collected from the half cells according to Example
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the high-temperature (60°C) characteristics of the lithium secondary batteries according to Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, after they are subjected to charge/ discharge cycles; and [53]
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the high-temperature (60°C) characteristics of the lithium secondary batteries according to Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Examples
- Example 2 An electrolyte, a half cell and a full cell were obtained in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that the compound represented by the following Formula 5 was added instead of the compound represented by Formula 4 in an amount of 2.0 parts by weight:
- the lithium secondary batteries (full cells) of Examples 1 and 2 comprising the cyano group-containing sulfonate-based compound as an additive for electrolytes were used as samples.
- the batteries of Comparative Examples 1-3 comprising the electrolyte comprising a sulfonate-based compound containing no cyano group as an additive, or the conventional electrolyte, were used.
- Each battery was subjected to repeated charge/discharge cycles under a temperature of 60°C in a voltage range of 4.2V-3V at a current of 0.5C.
- Comparative Example 3 showed a significant drop in cycle characteristics after a few cycles.
- the battery using a sulfonate-based compound containing no cyano group according to Comparative Example 1 and the battery using a sulfonate-based compound having a cyano group but containing no alkenyl group according to Comparative Example 2 also showed a significant drop in cycle life characteristics (see FIG. 3).
- SEI passivation layer
- the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 using the cyano group-containing sulfonate-based compound as an additive for electrolytes show little drop in cycle life characteristics even after 60 cycles.
- the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 showed excellent cycle characteristics and improved lifespan characteristics at high temperature (see FIG. 3).
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention which uses a sulfonate-based compound having a specific electron withdrawing group as an additive for electrolytes, can provide significantly improved high temperature lifespan characteristics.
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Abstract
Cette invention concerne un électrolyte pour accumulateurs qui comprend: (a) un sel d'électrolyte; (b) un solvant d'électrolyte; et (c) un composé à base de sulfonate contenant au moins un groupe de retrait d'électrons (EWG) sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant un groupe cyano (-CN), un groupe isocyanante (-NCO), un groupe thiocyanate (-SCN) et un groupe isothiocyanate (-NCS). Cette invention concerne également une électrode comprenant le composé à base de sulfonate ou un produit de réaction chimique de celui-ci, partiellement ou totalement formé sur sa surface, et un dispositif électrochimique comprenant l'électrolyte et/ou l'électrode. Le dispositif électrochimique utilisant le composé à base de sulfonate contenant un groupe cyano, un groupe isocyanate, un groupe thiocyanate et/ou un groupe isothiocyanate comme additif pour électrolytes peut améliorer considérablement des caractéristiques de durabilité à haute température.
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Cited By (4)
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WO2015093435A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Solution électrolytique, dispositif électrochimique, cellule secondaire au lithium-ion et module |
US10062926B2 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2018-08-28 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
WO2021040415A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Additif d'électrolyte pour batterie secondaire au lithium, et électrolyte non aqueux et batterie secondaire au lithium comprenant celui-ci |
WO2021040388A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire au lithium la comprenant |
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CN116525945A (zh) | 2011-02-10 | 2023-08-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水电解液及使用该非水电解液的非水电解质二次电池 |
US11784303B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2023-10-10 | Ii-Vi Delaware, Inc. | Immobilized chalcogen and use thereof in a rechargeable battery |
CN105336991B (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-04-03 | 九江天赐高新材料有限公司 | 锂离子电池用高电压电解液 |
CN108075187B (zh) * | 2016-11-10 | 2020-09-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电解液及二次电池 |
KR102160709B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-14 | 2020-09-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고분자 고체 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
DE102018201274A1 (de) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Aktivmaterial mit kovalent gebundener Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase |
KR102528307B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-08 | 2023-05-03 | 투-식스 델라웨어, 인코포레이티드 | 산소가 존재하는 다공성 탄소에 고정화된 셀레늄, 재충전식 전지에서 고정화된 셀레늄의 제조 방법 및 이의 용도 |
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WO2015093435A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Solution électrolytique, dispositif électrochimique, cellule secondaire au lithium-ion et module |
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US10243242B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2019-03-26 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolytic solution, electrochemical device, lithium-ion secondary cell, and module |
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WO2021040388A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire au lithium la comprenant |
EP3958369A4 (fr) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-07-20 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire au lithium la comprenant |
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