Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
  • A61K36/539—Scutellaria (skullcap)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• BZLlOl tested at a 1:10 dilution (15 ⁇ g/ ml), demonstrated >50% growth inhibition on four of the five cell lines (Campbell, 2002). BZLlOl showed >50% growth inhibition on a panel of lung, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines. BZLlOl at the same dose did not cause >25% of growth inhibition on normal human mammary cells (HuMEC), demonstrating selectivity to cancer cells (Table 1). More so, BZLlOl had a mild mitogenic effect on normal human lymphocytes. In cell cycle analysis, BZLlOl caused an S phase burst and Gl arrest.
• BZLlOl also attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential causing caspase-independent high molecular grade (HMG) apoptosis.
• HMG high molecular grade
• inventions of the invention which provide a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cancer.
• the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises a therapeutically effective amount of an extract of the herb Scutellaria Barbata D. Don.
• the pharmaceutical composition can also contain one or more optional excipients.
• embodiments of the invention which provide a method of treating a patient suffering from cancer. The method comprises administering to a patient suffering from cancer a therapeutically effective amount of an extract of the herb Scutellaria Barbata D. Don.
• FIG. 1 shows dose-response curves showing the response of several solid cancer tumor cells to aqueous extract of the herb of this invention.
• FIG. 2 shows dose-response curves showing the response of several breast solid cancer tumor cells to aqueous extract of the herb of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows dose-response curves comparing the response of breast solid cancer tumor cells and normal breast epithelium to aqueous extract of the herb of this invention.
• FIG. 4 shows gel electrophoresis plate, which demonstrates that nuclear DNA disintegration occurs during apoptosis of solid tumor cancer cells in contact with aqueous extracts of the herb of this invention.
• FIG. 5 shows the effect of the herb extract of the invention administered intraperitoneally (IP) on the tumors of mice in a xenograft model.
• IP intraperitoneally
• FIG. 6 shows the effect of the herb extract administered by oral gavages and in interaction with cyclophosphamide administered in low dose in the drinking water on the tumors of mice in a xenograft model.
• FIG. 7 shows that the herb extract induces apoptosis without activating caspases.
• FIG. 8 shows that the herb extract in cell cycle analysis arrests the cells at the Gl phase.
• This invention relates to extract of Scutellaria barbata where the extract, when placed in contact with solid tumor cancer cells, inhibits the activity, that is the growth and/or proliferation, of the cells.
• the herb is selected from the species Scutellaria barbata D. Don of the Labiatae Family.
• Herba Scutellaria Barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) of the Labiatae family- Ban Zhi Lian (BZL) is grown mainly in areas southeastern of the Yellow River (Huang Po) in the provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Shaanxi but not exclusively.
• the plant is harvested in late summer and early autumn after it blooms (May- June).
• the aerial part is cut from the root. Only the aerial part (leaves and stems) is used for BZLlOl.
• the herb is dried in the sun and packed as a whole plant. The herb is received with no separation between leaves and stems.
• the herb is substantially more active in inhibiting the activity of different types of cancer cells. It is therefore a presently preferred aspect of this invention that the herbal extract obtained from the species Scutellaria barbata. It is a particularly presently preferred aspect of this invention that the herbal extract is obtained from Scutellaria barbata D.
• the solid tumor cancer cell the activity of which is inhibited by the herbal extract of this invention is a SKBR3 cell, a MCF7 cell, a MDA-MB231 cell, a BT474 cell or a MCNeuA cell (breast cancer cells), A549 cell, LLC cell (Lung Cancer cells), Panel cells, PancO2 cells (Pancreatic cancer cells), PC-3 cells LNCaP cells (Prostate Cancer cells), OVCAR cells, SKOV3 cells (Ovarian Cancer cells).
• the cell line is in vivo, i.e.
• a xenograft of the tumor line is present in a mammalian model animal, such as a mouse, rat, dog, cat, sheep, goat or other mammal.
• a mammalian model animal such as a mouse, rat, dog, cat, sheep, goat or other mammal.
• the extract of Scutellaria barbata can be used as a standard for the evaluation of potential anti-cancer drugs.
• a further aspect of this invention is a method for treating a solid tumor cancer, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an extract of Scutellaria barbata. It is a presently preferred aspect of this invention that the pharmaceutical composition used to treat a patient comprises an extract of Scutellaria barbata. It is further a particularly presently preferred aspect of this invention that the extract used to treat a patient is obtained from the herb species Scutellaria barbata D. Don. [0023]
• the solid tumor cancer being treated is an epithelial cell cancer in another aspect of this invention.
• the epithelial cell cancer is breast or ovarian cancer in a still aspect of this invention.
• An aspect of this invention is a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of excipient and an extract Scutellaria barhata.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises aqueous extracts of the above herb species in an aspect of this invention.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises alcohol extracts of the above species in a further aspect of this invention.
• the alcohol used to extract the herbs is ethyl alcohol.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a combination of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the above species of herb in still another aspect of this invention.
• Table 1 depicts the herb, from which extracts of this invention are obtained, listed by family, genus, species and tradition Chinese name, of this invention
• Table 2A shows the degree of inhibition of the activity of several in vitro solid breast cancer tumor cell lines by the extract of this invention.
• Table 2B shows the degree of inhibition of the activity of several in vitro solid cancer tumor cell lines by the extract of this invention.
• the term "method” refers to manners, means techniques and procedures for accomplishing a given task including, but not limited to, those manners, means techniques and procedures either known to, or readily developed from known manners, means, techniques and procedures by, practitioners of the chemical, pharmacological, biological, biochemical, medical, and homeopathic arts.
• inhibiting the activity refers to slowing, preferably stopping, the growth and/or proliferation of cancerous cells, both in-place, i.e., growth and proliferation at the initial site of tumor formation, and proliferation by metastasis. Inhibiting the activity also encompasses, in fact it is the most preferred embodiment of this invention, killing cancerous cells.
• cancer refers to various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which can invade surrounding tissues, and may metastasize to different sites, as defined by Stedman's Medical Dictionary 25 th edition (Hensyl ed. 1990).
• Examples of cancers which may be treated by the present invention include, but are not limited to, brain, ovarian, colon, prostate, kidney, bladder, breast, lung, oral and skin cancers.
• the cancer being treated is breast or ovarian cancer.
• contacting in the context of contacting a solid tumor cancer cell with an extract of this invention bringing an extract of this invention and a target cancer cell together in such a manner that the extract can affect the activity of the cell either directly or indirectly.
• contacting refers to procedures conducted in vitro, i.e. cancerous cells which are the object of this invention are studied, outside a patient. Cells existing outside the patient can be maintained or grown in cell culture dishes.
• in vivo refers to contacting or treatment within a living organism, such as a living human or other mammal, such as a mouse or rat.
• an "extract” refers to the residue of soluble solids obtained after an herb, or selected part thereof is (1) for example, without limitation, chopped, crushed, pulverized, minced or otherwise treated to expose maximum surface area and (2) is placed in intimate contact with a liquid, usually, but not necessarily, under conditions of agitation and elevated temperature. Then, after a period of time under the foregoing conditions the mixture is filtered to remove solids and the liquid is removed by, for example but not limitation, evaporation or freeze drying.
• the liquid used to obtain an extract may be water or an organic solvent, for example, without limitation, an alcohol such as methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, a ketone such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), an ester such as ethyl acetate, an organochlorine compound such as methylene chloride, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, a hydrocarbon such as pentane, hexane or benzene and the like.
• An extract may also be obtained by using a combination of these solvents with or without water.
• an "herb” refers to any plant that is reputed to have medicinal value in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
• the terms “treat”, “treating” and “treatment” refer to a method of alleviating or abrogating a solid tumor cancer and/or its attendant symptoms, hi particular, the terms simply mean that the life expectancy of an individual affected with a cancer will be increased or that one or more symptoms of the disease will be reduced.
• “administer”, “administering” or “administration” refers to the delivery of an extract or extracts of this invention or of a pharmaceutical composition containing an extract or extracts of this invention to a patient in a manner suitable for the treatment of particular cancer being addressed.
• the term "mammal” refers to any mammal that is affected by a cancer, whether that cancer is autologous ⁇ i.e. arises naturally in the mammal) or is of xenogenous (i.e. xenogenic) origin.
• the term “mammal” includes humans, as well as murine, canine, feline, equine, bovine, ovine, porcine and other mammalian species.
• a "patient” refers to any higher organism that is susceptible to solid tumor cancers. Examples of such higher organisms include, without limitation, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, fish and reptiles, hi particular examples, "patient” refers to a human being.
• the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of an extract or combination of extracts of this invention which has the effect of (1) reducing the size of the tumor; (2) inhibiting (that is, slowing to some extent, preferably stopping) tumor metastasis; (3) inhibiting to some extent (that is slowing to some extent, preferably stopping) tumor growth; and/or, (4) relieving to some extent (or preferably eliminating) one or more symptoms associated with cancer (5) stabilizing the growth of the tumor, (6) extending the time to disease progression, (7) improving overall survival.
• a "pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the extracts described herein with other chemical components, such as physiologically acceptable carriers and excipients. The purpose of a pharmacological composition is to facilitate administration of an extract or extracts of this invention to patient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable means that the modified agent or excipient is generally regarded as acceptable for use in a pharmaceutical composition.
• a “physiologically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier or diluent that does not cause significant irritation to an organism and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the administered composition.
• an "excipient” refers to an inert substance added to a pharmaceutical composition to further facilitate administration of an extract or extracts of this invention.
• excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols.
• TCM Traditional Chinese medicine
• An extract of this invention can be administered to a patient either as a "tea,” without combination with any other substances or further manipulation, or it can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition where the extract is mixed with suitable carriers or recipient(s).
• a therapeutically effective amount of the extract is administered.
• a therapeutically effective amount refers to that amount of the extract that results in amelioration of symptoms or a prolongation of survival in a patient, and may include destruction of a malignant tumor of a microbial infection.
• the composition comprising extract of Scutellaria Barbata (especially Scutellaria Barbata D.
• Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the extracts i.e., determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population) can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals. The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50.
• Extracts that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred.
• the data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosages for use in humans, in particular for internal use, that include ED50 with little or no toxicity.
• the dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
• the extracts used in the methods of this invention have been used in TCM, they are known to be relatively non-toxic to humans and therefore it is expected that they will exhibit large therapeutic indices.
• the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays.
• a dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range that includes the IC50 as determined in cell culture.
• Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by HPLC.
• the exact formulation, route of administration and dosage can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition and based on knowledge of TCM. ⁇ See e.g. Fingl et ah, in THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS, 1975, Ch. 1, p. 1). It should be noted that the attending physician would know how and when to terminate, interrupt, or adjust administration due to toxicity, or organ dysfunction. Conversely, the attending physician would also know to adjust treatment to higher levels if the clinical response is not adequate. The severity of the condition may, for example, be evaluated, in part, by standard prognostic evaluation methods.
• Suitable routes may include: oral, rectal, transdermal, vaginal, transmucosal, or intestinal administration; parenteral delivery, including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intramedullary injections; as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intraocular injections, to name a just a few.
• the extract of the invention is administered orally.
• an extract of this invention may be formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer.
• physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer.
• penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art.
• an extract of the present invention in particular those formulated as solutions, may be administered parenterally, such as by intravenous injection.
• an extract can be formulated, using pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art, into dosages suitable for oral administration.
• Such carriers enable extracts to be formulated as tablets, pills, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated.
• compositions suitable for use in the present invention are compositions wherein an extract is contained in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. Determination of the effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein.
• a pharmaceutical composition may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers including excipients and auxiliaries that facilitate processing of the extracts into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically.
• the preparations formulated for oral administration may be in the form of tablets, dragees, capsules, or solutions.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of convention mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragees, capsules, or solutions.
• compositions of the present invention may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levitating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or lyophilizirig processes.
• compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of an extract in water-soluble form.
• suspensions of an extract may be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions may contain substances that increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
• the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of an extract to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
• Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by combining an extract with solid excipient, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
• Suitable excipients are, in particular, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• disintegrating agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate.
• Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings.
• concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum Arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carpool gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
• Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of extracts and/or doses.
• Pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
• the push-fit capsules contain the extract in admixture with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium separate and, optionally, stabilizers.
• the extract may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols.
• the dosage of BZLlOl varies depending upon the tumor type, the stage of disease, the species of patient and the individual patient.
• the amount of BZLlOl administered to a human patient is equivalent to the soluble residue of about 0.1 g to about 1000 g of dried solid plant parts of BZL.
• the effective dose is equivalent to about 1 to about 100 g of dried solid aerial plant parts of BZL, especially about 5 to about 50 g of dried solid aerial plant parts.
• Herbal extract was prepared as "boiled teas", which is how most are prepared for use in traditional treatment regimes.
• Aqueous extracts were prepared by adding 7.5g of dry ground herb to 125 ml distilled water, bringing the mixture to a boil and then simmering for 45 minutes. The mixture was cooled, during which period most of the solids sank to the bottom of the vessel. The aqueous layer was carefully decanted off of the residual solids, centrifuged for 5 minutes at 1500 rpm, sterile filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter and stored at 4 0 C until used. Generally, the extracts were tested within 1-2 weeks of preparation although most of the active extracts were found to retain activity after storage at 4°C for several additional weeks. An aliquot of each extract was dried under vacuum and the dry weight of the water soluble substances extracted from each herb determined.
• B2L101 is an aqueous extract of the aerial part of Scutellaria Barbata D. Don of the Lamiaceae family.
• Herba Scutellaria Barbata D. Don (Chinese pin yin transliteration- Ban Zhi Lian (BZL)) is grown mainly in areas southeastern of the Yellow River (Huang Po) in the provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Shaanxi. The plant is harvested in late summer and early autumn after it blooms.
• the aerial part (leaves and stems) is cut from the root and is used as starting material (BZL): The aerial part of the herb is dried in the sun, packed as a whole plant. The herb is identified and verified through botanical, morphological and chemical characteristics to ensure purity.
• a single dose of BZLlOl is made through the following procedure and is termed BZLlOl (Bionovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA).
• the powder is mixed with 1800 ml of distilled water to form a slurry •
• the slurry is than simmered at 70-72 0 C for 60 minutes
• the extract is concentrated with a vacuum evaporator to reduce the volume of water to 350ml which constitutes a 5: 1 concentration of the original solution
• Cells were plated in 96-well flat bottom plates at 5,000 to 10,000 cells/well. The difference in number of cells plated adjusts for differences in the growth rates of these cell lines. Cells were allowed to adhere to the well walls overnight; then the extracts were added to triplicate wells at a 1:10 final dilution in culture medium for initial screening. For generating dose-response curves, serial 3-fold dilutions, starting at 1 : 10 dilution over 6 rows of wells were used. Water was added to the control wells at 1 : 10 dilution in culture medium.
• the plates were incubated at 37 0 C, 5% CO 2 , for 3 days and then assayed for growth inhibition using a crystal violet assay (Bernhardt, G., et al., Standardized Kinetic Microassay to Quantify Differential Chemosensitivity on the Basis of Proliferative Activity, 1992, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol, 118:35-43).
• Cells remaining adherent to the well walls were rinsed with PBS, the fixed cells were stained with 0.02% aqueous crystal violet (50 ⁇ l/well) for 30 minutes after which the wells were washed thoroughly with distilled water.
• the crystal violet stain bound by the cells was solubilized in 79% ethanol (100 ⁇ l/well) and the plates analyzed on a microplate reader (Molecular Devices) ay 595 nm. The percent inhibition was calculated as the average optical density of the control wells minus average optical density extract well divided by the average optical density of the control wells.
• Dose-response curves on SKBR3, MCF7 and MCNeuA cells for several of the extracts are shown in FIGs 1-3. As can be seen, the concentration at which the extracts inhibited the activity of the cells by 50% (the IC50) ranged from over 1 mg/ml down to about 10 ⁇ g/ml.
• MCNeuA cells were plated at 5x10 5 cells/well in 6-plates and allowed to adhere overnight. Aqueous herbal extracts were added to each well at a 1 : 10 and a 1 :50 dilution. Sterile water, diluted 1:10 in culture medium, was added to the control wells. After 24 hours, the cells were visually examined under a microscope and morphological changes noted.
• Attached and floating cells were harvested, washed with cold PBS and embedded in lysis buffer (50 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 20 mM EDTA, 0.5% sodium sarkosyl, 50 ⁇ g/ml Rnase A and 100 ⁇ g/ml proteinase K) for 1 hour at 37°C.
• the cells were then washed with PBS and distilled water and placed in the wells of a conventional 1% agarose gel and electrophoresed overnight at approximately 1 V/cm.
• the gels were then stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under UV transillumination to give intense images. The images obtained are shown in Figure 4.
• BZLlOl was evaluated for antiproliferative activity on five breast cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, BT-474, and MCNeuA). These cell lines represent important prognostic phenotypes of breast cancer expressing a range of estrogen and HER2 receptors.
• BZLlOl tested at a 1:10 dilution (15/xg/ ml), demonstrated >50% growth inhibition on four of the five cell lines (Campbell, 2002).
• BZLlOl showed >50% growth inhibition on a panel of lung, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines.
• BZLlOl at the same dose did not cause >25% of growth inhibition on normal human mammary cells (HuMEC), demonstrating selectivity to cancer cells (Table 3). Moreso, BZLlOl had a mild mitogenic effect on normal human lymphocytes. In cell cycle analysis, BZLlOl caused an S phase burst and Gl arrest. (See FIG. 8). BZLlOl also attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential causing caspase- independent high molecular grade (HMG) apoptosis. (See FIG. 7). [0074] The results of this in vitro experiment are summarized in Table 3, below.
• BZLlOl was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model.
• BZLlOl was active via intraperitoneal (IP) administration in preventing tumor formation in a mouse xenograft model (FIG. 5).
• BZLlOl was prepared as described in Preparative Example 1, above.
• Cells (10 5 ) of MCNeuA cells were injected subcutaneously into mice on day 0.
• BZLlOl (0.5 ml or 1.0 ml) or control was administered to each mouse IP every two days.
• Tumor size (mm 3 ) was estimated on the 17 th , 21 st , 23 rd , 25 th , and 28 th day post administration.
• BZLlOl alone, BZLlOl plus cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide alone were orally administered to mice having subcutaneous cancer xenografts.
• 10 5 cells were administered to each animal subcutaneously on Day 0.
• the animals were divided into four groups.
• the control group received only normal drinking water.
• the cyclophosphamide only group received 25 mg/Kg/day of cyclophosphamide in their drinking water.
• the BZLlOlonly group received 0.5 ml of BZLlOl by oral gavage on Day 0 and every third day after that.
• the combination group received 0.5 ml/day BZLlOl by oral gavage on Day zero and every third day after that, as well as 25 mg/Kg/day of cyclophosphamide in their drinking water.
• the results of this experiment are shown in FIG. 6.
• BZLlOl extract was provided as a liquid in a sealed and labeled aluminum packet containing a full daily dose that was administered in a split dose twice a day. Daily BZL extract was administered until the determination of tumor progression or dose limiting toxicity was encountered, or until the subject decided to voluntarily discontinue, in which case, the reason for discontinuation was obtained.
• CTC Common Toxicity Criteria
• Table 5 Summary of Baseline Characteristics: Age, Height, Weight, Race or Ethnicity
• TAC docetaxel TAC docetaxel, adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide AC adriamycin (doxorubicin),cyclophosphamide
• Table 7 Patient #2003 Response to Treatment Based on Modified RECIST Criteria

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