WO2007056920A1 - Systeme d'imagerie - Google Patents
Systeme d'imagerie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007056920A1 WO2007056920A1 PCT/CN2006/002639 CN2006002639W WO2007056920A1 WO 2007056920 A1 WO2007056920 A1 WO 2007056920A1 CN 2006002639 W CN2006002639 W CN 2006002639W WO 2007056920 A1 WO2007056920 A1 WO 2007056920A1
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- projection data
- detector
- imaging system
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/027—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of radiation imaging and, in particular, to an imaging system for scanning with a linear trajectory to improve the speed of the imaging security inspection process. Background technique
- the current security inspection system is dominated by radiation imaging systems.
- fluoroscopy is the main focus, and stereo imaging systems are relatively rare. This is because the practical security inspection system generally requires online real-time inspection, which requires the inspection system to scan very fast, such as civil aviation inspection, the required clearance rate is 0. 5ni / S.
- large-pitch spiral CT computed tomography
- the biggest drawback of the fluoroscopic imaging system is that the overlapping effect of objects in the ray direction cannot be avoided, thereby limiting the inspection capability and failing to perform stereoscopic inspection and positioning.
- a linear trajectory imaging system a computed layered tomography system, has been proposed, but its ray angle is small, and the reconstruction algorithm uses tomography, resulting in three-dimensional imaging and tomographic imaging capabilities. difference. Therefore, there is a need for an imaging system that can obtain three-dimensional images and/or tomographic images at an idle speed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an imaging system for scanning a linear trajectory to obtain both a fluoroscopic image and a tomographic image, and it can solve the problem of overlapping objects in fluoroscopic imaging, and realize the security inspection system. Fast stereo imaging and/or tomography required.
- an imaging system comprising: a radiation generating device comprising at least one radiation source for generating radiation; a data collection device comprising a detector array disposed facing the radiation source and for Obtaining projection data by receiving radiation that penetrates the object to be inspected; and transmitting means for relatively linearly moving the object to be inspected between the radiation source and the detector array with the radiation source and the detector array during the inspection; And control and image processing means for controlling the ray generating means, the data collecting means and the transmitting means, and reconstructing an image of the object to be inspected from the projection data.
- the ray generating means produces a ray having a horizontal opening angle greater than 90 degrees with respect to the detector array.
- the detector array comprises an area array detector comprising a plurality of detector elements.
- the detector array comprises a line array detector arranged vertically and comprising a plurality of detector units.
- the detector array further comprises a line array detector arranged horizontally and comprising a plurality of detector units.
- the position of the horizontally arranged line array detector in the vertical direction is variable.
- control and image processing apparatus includes: a projection data conversion section for converting the projection data into projection data under pseudo-parallel beam scanning; and a filtering section by using a predetermined convolution function
- the projection data of the kernel and the pseudo-parallel beam scan is convolved to obtain the filtered projection data; and the back projection portion reconstructs the image by weighted back projection of the filtered projection data.
- the plurality of detector units are arranged equidistantly.
- the projection data conversion portion reversely shifts the projection data to obtain projection data ⁇ 7, in the pseudo-parallel beam scan, wherein the projection data ⁇ , t, z ) represents the object to be inspected
- the relative movement to the coordinate on the line is / projection position at the coordinate position of the detector array at / position; the filtering portion is scanned with a predetermined convolution function along the direction of the quasi-parallel beam
- the projection data is subjected to one-dimensional convolution to obtain filtered projection data Q( , t, z); the back projection portion performs a weighted back projection operation on the filtered projection data along the ray direction to obtain a reconstructed image.
- the plurality of detector units are arranged at equal angles with respect to the source of radiation.
- the projection data conversion portion pleats translation projection data
- the filtering portion performs a one-dimensional convolution of the projection data under the pseudo-parallel beam scan with a predetermined convolution function kernel edge/direction, and obtains the filtered projection data, the back projection portion along the ray direction A weighted back projection operation is performed on the filtered projection data to obtain a reconstructed image.
- the plurality of detector units are solid detector units, gas detector units or semiconductor detector units.
- the source of radiation is an X-ray accelerator, an X-ray machine or a radioactive isotope.
- the imaging system of the present invention uses linear trajectory scanning to reconstruct a tomographic or stereoscopic image using a linear filtering back projection algorithm to truly realize stereoscopic imaging.
- the imaging system of the present invention has the advantages of fast inspection speed, no need for rotation, and no large cone angle problem in the circular orbital cone beam CT. Therefore, the imaging system of the present invention has the potential to be applied in the field of rapid safety inspection and large object inspection.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing linear trajectory scanning in an imaging system according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the configuration of an imaging system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of the control and image processing apparatus in the imaging system shown in Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the geometric relationship between the equivalent detector and the reconstructed object point;
- Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a view showing an effect comparison of a simulated image (X- ⁇ plane) obtained by an imaging system according to a second embodiment of the present invention at different ray level opening angles;
- Fig. 10 shows a tomographic image ( ⁇ - ⁇ plane) and a fluoroscopic image reconstructed by the imaging system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a linear trajectory scanning in an imaging system according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a view showing the configuration of an image forming system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the object to be inspected moves in a straight line between the source ⁇ and the detector.
- the ray source A emits a ray according to the command of the control system, penetrating the object to be inspected.
- the detector receives the transmitted signal and collects the projection data under the control of the control system and stores the projection data in a memory.
- the imaging system shown in Fig. 2 includes a radiation generating portion 110, a transmitting portion 130, a data collecting portion 140, a control and data signal bus 150, a control and image processing portion 160, and a display 170.
- the ray generating portion 110 for example, a ray source including an X-ray accelerator, an X-ray machine or a radioisotope, and corresponding auxiliary devices.
- a ray source including an X-ray accelerator, an X-ray machine or a radioisotope, and corresponding auxiliary devices.
- the beam horizontal angle fan angle
- two or more sources may be used, depending on the size and application background of the object to be inspected 120. set.
- the conveying portion 130 can carry and smoothly convey the object to be inspected 120 for moving the carried object 120 to be inspected along a straight line during the inspection.
- the transmitting portion 130 moves the radiation source and the detector in a straight line during the inspection, or moves the object to be inspected toward the radiation source and the detector. That is to say, the motion of the object to be inspected is relative to the movement of the ray source and the detector, which is equivalent.
- the data acquisition portion 140 mainly includes a detector array for acquiring transmission projection data of the cone beam by receiving radiation passing through the object to be inspected.
- the data collection portion 140 also includes a readout probe A readout circuit and a logic control unit or the like of projection data on the array (not shown).
- the detector array can be composed of a plurality of solid detector units, a plurality of gas detector units or a plurality of semiconductor detector units. The individual detector units do not need to be closely arranged, but they should be in a straight line in the X-axis direction (ie, the direction in which the object is inspected).
- the total length of the detector array ( ), that is, the line segment BC shown in Figure 1 is related to the distance from the center of the detector array to the radiation source ( ⁇ ), and the distance is greater when the ray opening angle ( ⁇ ) is constant. Large, the larger the total length of the detector array, the basic relationship between them is as follows:
- the detector array needs to be placed on the opposite side of the source, which is at an angle greater than 90 degrees from the source in the horizontal direction, for example between 90 and 180 degrees, and covered in the vertical direction. object. In this way, CT reconstruction under limited angles can be better achieved (reconstructed image quality is better).
- the detector array can be an area array detector or a single row detector.
- the sampling interval (At ) is required to be uniformly hooked on the time axis, and the object to be inspected needs to move at a constant speed.
- the velocity is V
- the spatial equivalent sampling interval of the imaging system of this embodiment is:
- all detector units are required to be synchronized, and the array data of a single acquisition constitutes one layer of projection data, and after multiple collections (generally several hundred to thousands of times), the projection volume data is composed.
- the stereoscopic image reconstructed in the control and image processing sections is based on this volumetric data, and the display of the transmitted image is also based on these volumetric data.
- Control and data signal bus 150 is used to transmit control and data signals
- the control and image processing portion 160 is coupled to the radiation generating portion 110, the transmitting portion 130, and the data collecting portion 140 via the control and data signal line 150 to control various portions of the imaging system.
- control and image processing portion 160 controls the transfer portion 130 to move the object to be inspected 120 in a straight line, instructs the ray generating portion 110 to generate rays, and the control data collecting portion 140 starts receiving the transmitted signals to generate projection data. , and post-process the generated projection data.
- the object to be inspected 120 moves at a hook speed according to the linear trajectory shown in FIG. 1, and the data collecting portion 140 Synchronize at equal intervals to obtain projection data.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the control and image processing portion 160 in the imaging system shown in Figure 2.
- the control and image processing portion 160 includes: a memory 161 for storing data, such as a storage medium such as a hard disk; an input unit 162, such as a keyboard, such as an input device for facilitating user input of parameters or commands; 163, after the user issues a command through the input unit 162, the instruction transmitting portion 130 starts to move the object to be inspected 120 at a uniform speed, and the ray generating portion 110 and the data collecting portion 140 start to work to obtain projection data; An internal bus 164 that connects the various sections and transmits control signals and data; and an image reconstruction unit 165 for reconstructing the projection data obtained by the data acquisition section 140.
- a memory 161 for storing data, such as a storage medium such as a hard disk
- an input unit 162 such as a keyboard, such as an input device for facilitating user input of parameters or commands
- 163 after the user issues a command through the input unit 162, the instruction
- FIG. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the geometric relationship between the equivalent detector in the Z direction and the reconstructed object point.
- the detector units in the detector array are equidistantly arranged, and the data represents the projection value at the coordinate position of the z-th layer of the detector array when the object 120 to be inspected moves to the coordinate position on the line. It is worth noting that ⁇ is the value after each detector unit of the detector array is equivalent to the center line of the linear motion of the object.
- D is the distance from the radiation source of the ray generating portion 110 to the center line of the linear motion; characterizing the minimum and maximum positions of the detector array in the X-axis direction;
- the S-L filter function is generally used.
- the projection data conversion portion 1651 flops the projection data to obtain? (z), where g(/, t, z) represents the projection data under the pseudo-parallel beam scan.
- the filtering portion 1652 performs one-dimensional convolution of the projection data under the pseudo-parallel beam scanning with the convolution function kernel / 7 edge/direction to obtain the filtered projection data 2 (/', t, 2 ).
- the back projection portion 1653 performs a weighted back projection operation on the filtered projection data (r, t, Z ) in the ray direction to obtain a reconstructed image.
- the purpose of performing the pleat translation is to transform the projection data of the linear scan to the projection data under the pseudo-parallel beam scan, where the pseudo-parallel beam scan is not a parallel beam in the standard CT reconstruction because The detector unit spacing is different for each scanning angle, and the angular sampling may be uneven.
- the purpose of using the convolution function kernel A filtering is the same as that in the standard FBP reconstruction algorithm, and the filtered projection data ⁇ (/', /, ⁇ ) can be reconstructed by weighted back projection.
- the present invention can make full use of each valid data, improve image resolution, and The sensitivity of data truncation is lower than the rearrangement algorithm.
- each detector corresponds to a scanning angle
- the object /(c, y) is equivalent to the parallel beam scanning at that angle during the movement.
- the rearrangement formula of the linear scan data rearranged into a circular orbit parallel beam scan is -
- the projection angle is ⁇ 9, and the projection data from the center of rotation is J.
- p (/ indicates the projection value of the array position in the detector array when the relative motion of the object to be inspected to the coordinate on the line is / position.
- isometric detector using equation (7), replacing ( ⁇ , , with parameter (/, t)
- the filtered back projection reconstruction equation (1) of the linear trajectory scanning and the image reconstruction method of the present invention is derived above in the case where the detector elements are arranged equidistantly.
- the detector elements in the detector array can also be arranged in an angular manner with respect to the source. If the detector elements are arranged equiangularly, similar to the derivation process above, the filtered back-projection reconstruction formula is -
- the detector unit is arranged in an equiangular manner, and the data represents the array detector when the relative motion of the object to be inspected is on the straight line coordinates/position
- the angular position of the second layer is the projection value of ; It is worth noting that ⁇ , ⁇ are the values after the detector array is equivalent to the centerline of the linear motion of the object. ⁇ indicates the minimum and maximum angle of the detector array in the X-axis direction.
- the reconstruction process of the linear filtered back projection is the same as above, wherein the pleat translation operation is performed according to the formula (14), and the convolution operation has the same meaning as in the equidistant case.
- the projection data is pleated to obtain projection data / z) under pseudo-parallel beam scanning, wherein the projection data ⁇ / ⁇ indicates that the object to be inspected is relatively moved to a straight line.
- the angular position of the Z-th layer of the detector array is the projection value of y.
- the projection data under the quasi-parallel beam scan is convoluted in one dimension by using a predetermined convolution function kernel / 7 edge/direction to obtain filtered projection data;
- the filtered projection data is subjected to a weighted back projection operation in the ray direction to obtain a reconstructed image.
- the radiographic system should be able to accurately measure or calibrate the following system parameters: distance from the source to the detector array, distance D from the source to the linear motion center, linear velocity v of the transmitted portion, detector array
- the sampling interval ⁇ / the physical size of the detector, including the physical size of a single detector unit and the physical size of the detector array.
- the most distinguishing feature of the imaging system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is linear track scanning instead of circular or spiral track scanning. Since there is no need for rotation and natural safety inspection, the object to be inspected is generally characterized by straight line transmission, so the mechanical design is very simple.
- the system can obtain object tomographic images and/or stereoscopic images, which solves the problem of overlapping objects in the transmitted images.
- the imaging system according to the first embodiment can obtain information acquired by the CT tomography system and the stereoscopic imaging system.
- Fig. 7 is a view showing an effect comparison of a simulation image (XY plane) obtained by an imaging system according to a first embodiment of the present invention at different ray level opening angles, wherein (A) represents an original image of the model, and (B) represents In the case where the ray level opening angle is 90 degrees, the imaging system of the first embodiment of the present invention simulates the reconstructed image, and (C) represents the imaging of the first embodiment of the present invention in the case where the ray level opening angle is 120 degrees.
- the system simulates the reconstructed image (D) indicates that the imaging system of the first embodiment of the present invention simulates the reconstructed image in the case where the ray level opening angle is 150 degrees. It can be seen that as the ray level angle increases, the quality of the reconstructed image increases.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an effect comparison between a tomographic image and a fluoroscopic image reconstructed by an imaging system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) represents an image of a model in a central layer of the X-Z plane, and (B) represents the first aspect of the present invention.
- the imaging system of the embodiment simulates an image of the reconstructed XZ plane center layer, (C) represents an image of the model at the center layer of the Y-Z plane, and (D) represents the YZ plane center layer of the imaging system simulated reconstruction of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the image (E) represents a perspective image obtained by simulation of the imaging system of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the imaging system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the imaging system of the first embodiment in that, in the case of a single column (single layer, that is, a line array) in which the detector array is provided, another one that can be raised and lowered in the Z direction is further provided.
- a single detector With a single detector, multiple tomographic images can be obtained, enabling stereo imaging with few detector units. Therefore, the number of detector units in the detector array is greatly reduced compared to the first embodiment.
- the detector array in the data collection portion of the second embodiment includes two sets of single-layer detector arrays vertically and horizontally (the detector units included are generally equidistantly arranged, or may be etc. Angular arrangement) 141 and 142 for obtaining transmission projection data of a cone beam.
- the data collection portion further includes a readout circuit, a logic control unit, and the like for reading projection data from the detector.
- controller 163 included in the control and image processing portion 160 in the imaging system according to the second embodiment of the present invention can control the level according to the command input by the user in addition to the functions described in the above-described first embodiment.
- the single layer detector 142 is raised and lowered in the Z direction.
- the imaging system of the second embodiment can reduce the number of detector units, simplify the structure of the imaging system, and reduce the cost of the imaging system.
- 9 is a view showing an effect comparison of an analog image [X_Y plane) obtained by an imaging system at different ray horizontal opening angles according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein ( ⁇ ) represents an original image of the model, ( ⁇ ) represents In the case where the ray level opening angle is 90 degrees, the imaging system of the second embodiment of the present invention simulates the reconstructed image, and (C) represents the imaging of the second embodiment of the present invention in the case where the ray level opening angle is 120 degrees.
- the system simulates the reconstructed image (D) indicates that the imaging system of the second embodiment of the present invention simulates the reconstructed image in the case where the ray level opening angle is 150 degrees. It can be seen that the imaging system of the second embodiment can achieve the same imaging quality as the first embodiment.
- Figure 10 is a diagram showing a tomographic image ( ⁇ - ⁇ plane) and a fluoroscopic image reconstructed by an imaging system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein ( ⁇ ) represents an image of the model in the center layer of the ⁇ - ⁇ plane, ( ⁇ ) represents the present
- the imaging system of the second embodiment of the invention simulates the obtained fluoroscopic image. It can be seen that the imaging system of the second embodiment can achieve the same imaging quality as the first embodiment.
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Description
成像系统 技术领域
本发明涉及辐射成像领域, 具体地, 本发明涉及一种釆用直线轨迹扫描的成 像系统, 以提高成像安全检查过程的速度。 背景技术
安全检查在反恐、 打击贩毒走私等领域有十分重要的意义。 美国 911事件之 后, 对航空、 铁路等公共场所的安全检査越来越得到重视。 此外, 随着打击贩毒 走私的深入, 对海关集装箱、 行李物品等的检査要求也越来越高。
目前的安全检査系统以辐射成像系统为主流, 在辐射成像领域又以透视成像 为主, 立体成像系统比较少见。 这是因为, 实用的安全检查系统一般需要在线实 时检査, 这就要求检査系统扫描成像速度非常快, 比如民航物品检查, 要求通关 率是 0. 5ni/S。 但是, 目前即使是大螺距的螺旋 CT (计算机断层成像) 也很难达 到这个要求。 此外, 对于很多大型物体, 比如海关集装箱, 无论是集装箱旋转, 还是射线源和探测器旋转都非常困难。 再加上 CT系统设备成本高, 诸多因素限 制了能够立体成像的 CT系统在安全检查领域的广泛使用。然而,与 CT系统相比, 透视成像系统最大的不足是无法避免射线方向上物体的重叠效应, 从而限制了检 査能力, 无法真正执行立体检查和定位。
随着 CT技术的研究发展, 在有限角度和数据截断情况下, 也能重建出一定 质量的断层图像, 这使得不完全扫描重建图像在实际中应用成为可能。 理论上已 经知道, 对于扫描路径为直线的成像系统, 如果直线无限长, 就可以精确重建断 层图像。 如果扫描路径是有限长度, 则等价于有限角度(Limited- Angle)的 CT扫 描模式。因此, 应用不完全重建算法,对直线扫描的成像系统釆集的数据做重建, 就可以获得断层图像, 实现立体成像。
已经提出了一种直线轨迹的成像系统一一计算机分层层析成像(Computed Laminography)系统, 但是它的射线张角很小, 并且重建算法是采用层析的方式, 导致三维成像和断层成像能力差。 因此, 需要一种能够†夬速获得三维图像和 /或 断层图像的成像系统。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题, 提出了本发明。 本发明的一个目的是提供一种釆用直线轨迹 扫描的成像系统, 以既能得到透视图像, 又能得到断层图像, 并且它可以解决透 视成像中的物体重叠问题, 实现安全检査系统中所需的快速立体成像和 /或断层 成像。
在本发明的一个方面, 提出了一种成像系统, 包括: 包括至少一个射线源 的射线发生装置, 用于产生射线; 数据釆集装置, 包括面对所述射线源设置的探 测器阵列并用于通过接收穿透待检査物体的射线来获得投影数据; 传送装置, 用 于在检查过程中使位于射线源和探测器阵列之间的待检查物体与射线源和探测 器阵列做相对直线运动; 以及控制和图像处理装置,用于控制所述射线发生装置、 所述数据采集装置和传送装置, 并从所述投影数据重建待检查物体的图像。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述射线发生装置产生的射线相对于探测器阵 列的水平张角大于 90度。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述探测器阵列包括含有多个探测器单元的面 阵探测器。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述探测器阵列包括垂直设置并包含多个探测 器单元的线阵探测器。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述探测器阵列还包括水平设置并包含多个探 测器单元的线阵探测器。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述水平设置的线阵探测器在垂直方向上的位 置是可变的。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述控制和图像处理装置包括: 投影数据转换 部分, 用于将所述投影数据转换成拟平行束扫描下的投影数据; 滤波部分, 通过 用预定的卷积函数核与拟平行束扫描下的投影数据卷积, 来获得滤波后的投影数 据; 以及反投影部分, 通过对滤波后的投影数据进行加权反投影来重建图像。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述多个探测器单元是等距离排列的。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述投影数据转换部分反褶平移投影数据 以得到拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 ^7, , , 其中, 投影数据 ^ , t, z)表示 当待检査物体相对运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第^层坐标位置 为/处的投影值;所述滤波部分用预定的卷积函数核沿 方向对拟平行束扫描下的
投影数据 做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 Q( ,t, z) ; 所述反投影部分 沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 进行加权反投影操作, 以得到重建图像。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述多个探测器单元是关于射线源等角度排列 的。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述投影数据转换部分反褶平移投影数据
Ρ(/, ,Ζ)以得到拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 ^7 , , 其中, 投影数据 表 示当待检查物体相对运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第 ζ层角度位 置为 ^的投影值; 所述滤波部分用预定的卷积函数核沿 /方向对拟平行束扫描下 的投影数据^ 做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 所述反投影 部分沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 进行加权反投影操作, 以得到重建 图像。 ' '
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述多个探测器单元是固体探测器单元、 气体 探测器单元或者半导体探测器单元。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述射线源是 X射线加速器、 X光机或者放射性 同位素。
本发明的成像系统, 采用直线轨迹扫描, 使用直线滤波反投影算法重建断层 或立体图像, 真正实现立体成像。 本发明的成像系统具有检查速度快、 不需要旋 转、 没有圆轨道锥束 CT 中的大锥角问题等优点。 因此, 本发明的成像系统具有 应用于快速安全检査领域和大物体检査领域的潜力。 附图说明
图 1是在根据本发明的成像系统中进行直线轨迹扫描的平面示意图; 图 2是根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统的构成示意图;
图 3是如图 2所示的成像系统中的控制和图像处理装置的功能框图; 图 4示出了等效探测器在 Ζ方向与重建物体点之间的几何关系的示意图; 图 5示出了用来解释根据本发明一个实施例的直线滤波反投影过程的几何关 系示意图;
图 6是根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统的构成示意图;
图 7示出了根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统在不同射线水平张角的情况下 获得的模拟图像 (X- Υ平面) 的效果比较;
图 8示出了根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统重建的断层图像 σ- z平面, γ-ζ平面) 与透视图像的效果比较;
图 9示出了根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统在不同射线水平张角的情况下 获得的模拟图像 (X- Υ平面) 的效果比较; ,
图 10 示出了根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统重建的断层图像(Χ-Υ 平面) 与透视图像。 具体实施方式
下面对照附图详细描述本发明的实施例。
【第一实施例】
图 1 .示出了在根据本发明的成像系统中进行直线轨迹扫描的平面示意图。 图 2示出了根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统的构成示意图。
如图 1所示, 待检査物体在射线源 Α和探测器之间按照直线运动, 在运动的 过程中, 射线源 A按照控制系统的命令发出射线, 穿透待检査物体。 探测器接收 透射信号, 并且在控制系统的控制下采集投影数据, 并把投影数据存储在存储器 中。
如图 2所示的成像系统包括包括射线发生部分 110、 传送部分 130、 数据采 集部分 140、 控制和数据信号总线 150、 控制和图 ί象处理部分 160和显示器 170。
如图 2所示, 射线发生部分 110, 例如包括 X射线加速器、 X光机或者放射 性同位素之类的射线源, 以及相应的辅助设备。 为了使射线束水平张角 (扇角) 大于 90度, 例如介于 90〜; 180度之间, 可以使用两个或者两个以上的射线源, 根据待检查物体 120的尺寸和应用背景而选定。
传送部分 130, 例如传送带, 可以承载并平稳传送待检査物体 120, 用于在 检查过程中使所承载的待检査物体 120沿着直线运动。 或者, 传送部分 130在检 查过程中使射线源和探测器沿着直线运动, 或者使待检查物体与射线源和探测器 相向运动。 也就是说, 待检査物体运动与射线源和探测器运动属于相对运动, 是 等价的。 虽然以下均以待检查物体运动, 而射线源和探测器保持静止的方式来描 述, 但应该明确这与射 源和探测器运动而检查物体保持静止具有相同的意义。
数据采集部分 140, 主要包括探测器阵列, 用于通过接收透过待检查物体的 射线来获取锥形束射线的透射投影数据。数据釆集部分 140还包括用于读出探测
器阵列上的投影数据的读出电路和逻辑控制单元等 (未示出)。 探测器阵列可以 由多个固体探测器单元、 多个气体探测器单元或者多个半导体探测器单元构成。 各个探测器单元不需要紧密排列, 但它们在 X轴方向(即, 被检査物体运动方向) 上应该成直线。
通常, 探测器阵列的总长度 ( ), 即图 1所示的线段 BC, 与探测器阵列中 心到射线源的距离 (Γ ) 有关, 在射线张角 ( Θ ) 一定的情况下, 距离 Γ越大, 探测器阵列的总长度就越大, 它们之间的基本关系如下:
K = 2T tan - 2
此外, 需要将探测器阵列放置在射线源的对边, 其在水平方向与射线源的张 角为大于 90度的角度, 例如介于 90〜180度之间的角度, 并且在竖直方向覆盖 物体。 这样, 才能够较好地实现有限角度下的 CT重建 (重建图像质量较好)。 该 探测器阵列可以是面阵探测器, 也可以是单排探测器。
在数据采集过程中, 要求采样间隔 (At )在时间轴上是均勾的, 并且需要待 检查物体匀速运动。 假设速度为 V, 则本实施例的成像系统的空间等效釆样间隔 为:
Ad = vAt。
而且, 要求所有探测器单元同步进行釆集, 单次采集的阵列数据组成投影数 据的一层, 多次釆集 (一般在几百次到上千次) 之后, 组成投影体数据。 在控制 和图像处理部分中重建的立体图像即基于此体数据, 透射图像的显示也是基于这 些体数据。
在需要获得透射图像时, 仅仅需要输出探测器阵列的中心列釆集的投影数 据, 其成像原理与现有的透视成像相同。
控制和数据信号总线 150用来传输控制和数据信号; 以及
控制和图像处理部分 160 , 其通过控制和数据信号线 150 与射线发生部分 110、 传送部分 130和数据采集部分 140连接, 对成像系统的各个部分进行控制。
在扫描过程中, 控制和图像处理部分 160控制传送部分 130, 使待检查物体 120沿着直线运动,命令射线发生部分 110产生射线,并且控制数据釆集部分 140 丌始接收透射信号, 产生投影数据, 并对产生的投影数据进行后处理。
这样,待检查物体 120按照图 1所示的直线轨迹勾速移动,数据采集部分 140
同步等时间间隔地进行釆样, 获取投影数据。
图 3是如图 2所示的成像系统中的控制和图像处理部分 160的功能框图。如 图 3所示, 控制和图像处理部分 160包括: 用来存储数据的存储器 161, 例如硬 盘之类的存储介质; 输入单元 162, 例如键盘之类方便用户输入参数或者命令的 输入装置; 控制器 163, 其在用户通过输入单元 162发出命令之后, 指令传送部 分 130开始使待检査物体 120沿着直线匀速运动, 并且射线发生部分 110和数据 釆集部分 140幵始工作, 以获得投影数据; 连接各个部分并传输控制信号和数据 的内部总线 164; 以及图像重建单元 165, 用于对数据采集部分 140获得的投影 数据进行重建。
下面结合图 4详细描述在图像重建单元 165中进行图像重建过程。 图 4示出 了等效探测器在 Z方向与重建物体点之间的几何关系的示意图。
1 D
D + r sin φ 其中
1
q{l, t, z) = p(-l + t,t, z) (2-2) tr sin φ
(3)
这里, 探测器阵列中的探测器单元是等距排列的, 数据 表示当待检查物 体 120运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第 z层坐标位置为 /处的投影 值。 值得注意的是, ,ζ都是探测器阵列的各个探测器单元等效到物体直线运动 的中心线上之后的数值。
此外, 在式 (1 ) 〜 (4 ) 中, D为射线发生部分 110的射线源到直线运动中 心线的距离; 表征探测器阵列在 X轴方向的最小和最大位置; 为卷积函数核, 理论值为 /?(/) = £| μ·'^ , 一般采用 S- L滤波函数, 该函数的离散形式为:
h(n) =— ~~ -——, " = 0, ±1, ±2, · .. (5)
r2 (4"2 - l)
因此, 在图像重建单元 165中, 投影数据转换部分 1651 反褶平移投影数据 以得到? ( z), 这里的 g(/, t,z)表示拟平行束扫描下的投影数据。 这里的
'拟平行束扫描' 的含义是, 各个角度下的探测器单元等效釆样间距不相同, 扫 描角度釆样也可能是不均匀。
然后, 滤波部分 1652用卷积函数核 /7沿 /方向对拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 2(/',t, 2)。
接下来,反投影部分 1653沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 (r, t, Z)进行加权 反投影操作, 以得到重建图像。
这里, 需要说明的是, 进行反褶平移的目的是为了将直线扫描的投影数据, 变换到拟平行束扫描下的投影数据, 这里的拟平行束扫描不是标准的 CT重建中 的平行束, 因为每一个扫描角度下的探测器单元等效釆样间距都不一样, 角度采 样也可能是不均匀的。
此外, 用卷积函数核 A滤波的目的与标准 FBP重建算法中的滤波相同, 滤波 后的投影数据 ρ(/',/,ζ), 经过加权反投影就可以得到重建图像。
因此, 在本发明中, 沿数据釆集方向 /滤波, 沿射线方向反投影, 与重排为 平行束的算法相比, 本发明能充分利用每一个有效数据, 提高了图像分辨率, 并 且对数据截断的敏感度低于重排算法。
下面对照图 1、 4和 5来推导上述的公式 (1 )。 在推导之前, 首先描述直线扫 描数据重排为圆轨道平行束扫描的过程。
如图 1所示的扫描方式, 每一个探测器均对应一个扫描角度, 物体 /( c, y)在 移动过程中, 等价于该角度下的平行束扫描。 参见图 5的投影示意图, 对于等距 排列的探测器阵列, 直线扫描数据重排为圆轨道平行束扫描的重排公式为-
描角度为 <9, 距离旋转中心为 J的投影数据。 p(/ 表示阵列探测器在待检査物体 相对运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 探测器阵列中坐标位置为 /的投影值。
利用公式(6)就可以实现直线轨迹扫描投影数据重排为圆轨道平行束扫描下
的投影数据。 但是, 实际系统中, 直线不可能是无限长, 所以重排后的数据也不 可能是圆轨道下 180度的平行束扫描数据, 也是说这里对于 CT重建来说, 数据 是不完备的。
就直线扫描而言, 虽然 /和 的采样可以是均匀的, 但是对应圆轨道平行束扫 描下的角度 ^和探测器位置 S采样都是不均匀的。 因此, 重排需要在角度方向和 探测器方向做插值, 造成重建图像分辨率的降低。
接下来, 详细描述本发明的通过对直线扫描数据进行直接滤波反投影来重建 图像的过程。
在圆轨道平行束扫描下的滤波反投影重建公式为 f(r, φ)= ζ £" g(0, s)h(r cos(0 -φ)- s)dsd0 ( 7 ) 对于无限长直线轨迹、 等距探测器, 利用公式(7), 用参数 (/,t)替换 (^, , 得到
/ ;φ)= £ £ ; p{-l + t,t)h{l'-l)dldt
lD2+r tr sin φ
这里, /' = -7'COS^ + '
D
证明如下:
(9)
何结构, 可以得出
( + -i, ? , D(-l + {)
r cos ( r— tan (― )-φ)——
〃, irsin^ Λ D , . , t D -l + t)
=(/ --Q-p=- + rsin^ . -- . =
这里, /' = -rC0S^ + i^ w , 它表示经过点 和第 ί探测器单元的投影数据: 在直线扫描下的空间釆样位置。 将(10)代入(9), 利用 /7[ , ° (/' + /_20] = ^~^~/7(/' + / - 2 ,
^lD2+t2 D
并且将 / = -t, /' = /'-/代入, 立即得到重建公式(8)。
对于公式(8), 如果将 (/,/) = Ρ(-/ + ,0代入公式(8), 则
这里, q{i,t)h{i'-i)di 实际中, 如果直线轨迹是卜 U], 探测器总长度是 [→„,,t„,], 按照公式(8)重 建的图像就不是精确的 /(x,y), 它只是一种近似。 同时, 如果考虑到三维情况, 被检查物体 /(λ', ζ)的一种近似 /θ,ί )可以表达为(1)式所示。
上面推导了探测器单元等距排列的情况下, 直线轨迹扫描的滤波反投影 重建公式 (1) 以及本发明的图像重建方法的详细执行过程。 实际上, 探测器阵 列中的探测器单元之间还可以按照关于射线源等角度的方式来排列。如果探测器 单元是等角排列的, 类似于上面的推导过程, 其滤波反投影重建公式为-
' /(,',¾ )= f丄 g(/',^ n D . -) άγ (12)
cos + rsm^ 其中, ·
q(l,y,z) = p{-l + D tan γ, γ, z) (14)
/' = -r cos φ + r sin φ tan γ ( 15) 这里, 探测器单元是等角排列, 数据 表示阵列探测器在待检査物体相对 运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 探测器阵列第 2层角度位置为; 的投影值。值得注 意的是, ^, Ζ都是探测器阵列等效到物体直线运动的中心线上之后的数值。 ± 表 示探测器阵列在 X轴方向的最小和最大角度。
因此, 在等角度排列的探测器单元的情况下, 直线滤波反投影的重建过程与 上述相同, 其中反褶平移操作按照公式(14)进行, 卷积操作的含义与等距情况下 的相同。
换句话说, 在投影数据转换部分 1651中, 反褶平移投影数据 以得到 拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 / , z), 其中, 投影数据^/^, 表示当待检查物体 相对运动到直线上坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第 Z层角度位置为 y的投影值。
在滤波部分 1652中, 用预定的卷积函数核 /7沿 /方向对拟平行束扫描下的投 影数据 做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 ;
在反投影部分 1653中,沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 进行加权反 投影操作, 以得到重建图像。
为到达准确的图像重建, 射线成像系统应能够精确测量或标定以下系统参 数: 射线源到探测器阵列的距离 Γ , 射线源到直线运动中心距离 D, 传送部分的 直线运动速度 v, 探测器阵列采样间隔 Δ/, 探测器物理尺寸, 包括单个探测器单 元的物理尺寸和探测器阵列的物理尺寸等。
根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统最大的特点是直线轨迹扫描而不是圆或 者螺旋轨道扫描。 由于不需要旋转, 并天然利用安全检査中, 被检查物体一般都 是直线传送的特点, 因此机械设计非常简单。
此外, 由于是直线运动的缘故, 不存在圆或者螺旋扫描中的加速度问题, 检 查通关率可以很高。 与传统透视成像相比, 本系统可以得到物体断层图像和 /或 立体图像, 解决了透射图像存在的物体重叠问题。
此外, 根据第一实施例的成像系统能获得 CT 断层成像系统和立体成像系统 所获取的信息。
此外, 根据第一实施列的成像系统没有圆轨道锥束 CT中的大锥角问题 (离中 心平面越远数据缺失越严重) ,. 原因在于直线扫描中每一层探测器得到的投影数 据缺失情况都相同。
图 7示出了根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统在不同射线水平张角的情况下 获得的模拟图像 (X-Y平面) 的效果比较, 其中 (A ) 表示模型的原始图像, (B ) 表示在射线水平张角为 90度的情况下, 本发明第一实施例的成像系统模拟重建 的图像, (C ) 表示在射线水平张角为 120度的情况下, 本发明第一实施例的成像 系统模拟重建的图像, (D ) 表示在射线水平张角为 150度的情况下, 本发明第一 实施例的成像系统模拟重建的图像。 可以看出, 随着射线水平张角的增加, 重建 图像的质量提高了。
图 8示出了根据本发明第一实施例的成像系统重建的断层图像与透视图像的 效果比较, 其中 (A ) 表示模型在 X- Z平面中心层的图像, (B ) 表示本发明第一 实施例的成像系统模拟重建的 X-Z平面中心层的图像, (C )表示模型在 Y- Z平面 中心层的图像, (D )表示本发明第一实施例的成像系统模拟重建的 Y-Z平面中心 层的图像, (E ) 表示本发明第一实施例的成像系统模拟获得的透视图像。
【第二实施例】
图 6是根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统的构成示意图。
根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统与第一实施例的成像系统的区别在于, 在 探测器阵列是的单列 (单层, 即线阵) 的情况下, 再设置可以沿 Z方向升降的另 一单列探测器, 可以得到多个断层图像, 从而以很少的探测器单元就可以实现立 体成像。 因此, 相比于与第一实施例, 探测器阵列中探测器单元的数目大大减小 了。
如图 6所示, 第二实施例的数据釆集部分中的探测器阵列包括垂直和水平两 套单层探测器阵列 (其中包括的探测器单元之间一般是等距排列, 也可以是等角 排列) 141 和 142, 用于获取锥形束射线的透射投影数据。 同第一实施例一样, 该数据釆集部分还包括从探测器读出投影数据的读出电路和逻辑控制单元等。
此外, 根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统中的控制和图像处理部分 160中包 括的控制器 163除了具备上述第一实施例中所述的功能之外, 还可以根据用户输 入的指令控制水平单层探测器 142在 Z方向的升降。
这样, 第二实施例的成像系统除了具备第一实施例的成像系统的优点之外, 还可以减少探测器单元的数目, 使成像系统的结构变得简单, 并以降低了成像系 统的成本。
图 9示出了根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统在不同射线水平张角的情况下 获得的模拟图像 〔X_Y平面) 的效果比较, 其中 (Α ) 表示模型的原始图像, (Β ) 表示在射线水平张角为 90度的情况下, 本发明第二实施例的成像系统模拟重建 的图像, (C ) 表示在射线水平张角为 120度的情况下, 本发明第二实施例的成像 系统模拟重建的图像, (D ) 表示在射线水平张角为 150度的情况下, 本发明第二 实施例的成像系统模拟重建的图像。 可以看出, 第二实施例的成像系统可以取得 与第一实施例相同的成像质量。
图 10 示出了根据本发明第二实施例的成像系统重建的断层图像(Χ-Υ平面) 与透视图像, 其中 (Α ) 表示模型在 Χ-Υ平面中心层的图像, (Β ) 表示本发明第 二实施例的成像系统模拟获得的透视图像。 可以看出, 第二实施例的成像系统可 以取得与第一实施例相同的成像质量。
以上所述, 仅为本发明中的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于 此, 任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到的变换或替 换, 都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应该以权利要 求书的保护范围为准。 —
Claims
1、 一种成像系统, 包括:
包括至少一个射线源的射线发生装置, 用于产生射线;
数据采集装置, 包括面对所述射线源设置的探测器阵列并用于通过接收穿 透待检査物体的射线来获得投影数据;
传送装置, 用于在检査过程中使位于射线源和探测器阵列之间的待检査物 体与射线源和探测器阵列做相对直线运动; 以及
控制和图像处 ¾装置, 用于控制所述射线发生装置、 所述数据采集装置和 传送装置, 并从所述投影数据重建待检査物体的图像。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述射线发生装置产生的 射线相对于探测器阵列的水平张角大于 90度。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述探测器阵列包括含有 多个探测器单元的面阵探测器。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述探测器阵列包括垂直 设置并包含多个探测器单元的线阵探测器。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述探测器阵列还包括水 平设置并包含多个探测器单元的线阵探测器。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述水平设置的线阵探测 器在垂直方向上的位置是可变的。
7、 如权利要求 3〜6 之一所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制和图像 处理装置包括:
投影数据转换部分, 用于将所述投影数据转换成拟平行束扫描下的投影数 据;
滤波部分, 通过用预定的卷积函数核与拟平行束扫描下的投影数据卷积, 来获得滤波后的投影数据; 以及
反投影部分, 通过对滤波后的投影数据进行加权反投影来重建图像。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述多个探测器单元是等 距离排列的。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的成像系统, 其特征在于,
所述投影数据转换部分反褶平移投影数据 ^Ζ, ί, ζ)以得到拟平行束扫描下的 投影数 其中, 投影数据 ? (/, t, z;)表示当待检查物体相对运动到直线上 坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第 z层坐标位置为 t处的投影值;
所述滤波部分用预定的卷积函数核沿 /方向对拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 (/,Λ )做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 g(/', t, z) ;
所述反投影部分沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 2<:/^ 进行加权反投影 操作, 以得到重建图像。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述多个探测器单元是关 于射线源等角度排列的。.
11、 如权利要求 10所述的成像系统, 其特征在于,
所述投影数据转换部分反褶平移投影数据 ρ ϊ, γ 以得到拟平行束扫描下 的投影数据 W/,y, Z), 其中, 投影数据 表示当待检査物体相对运动到直线 上坐标为 /位置时, 在探测器阵列第 z层角度位置为 的投影值;
所述滤波部分用预定的卷积函数核沿 /方向对拟平行束扫描下的投影数据 做一维卷积, 得到滤波后的投影数据 ;
所述反投影部分沿射线方向对滤波后的投影数据 进行加权反投影 操作, 以得到重建图像。
12、 如权利要求 3〜6之一所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述多个探测器 单元是固体探测器单元、 气体探测器单元或者半导体探测器单元。
13、 如权利要求 3〜6之一所述的成像系统, 其特征在于, 所述射线源是 X射 线加速器、 X光机或者放射性同位素。
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