Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/61—Myrtaceae (Myrtle family), e.g. teatree or eucalyptus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the pharmaceutical use of an extract of a plant selected from the group consisting of Psidium cattleianum, Psidium cattleianum ssp. Lucidum, Psidium guajova, Psidium guineense, Psidium littorale, Psidium molle and Psidium Kunststoffeanum.
• diabetes mellitus I and II are related to the activitiy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) enyzme.
• DP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase IV
• DP-IV is a membrane-associated peptidase of 766 amino acids that is widely distributed in numerous tissues. DP-IV also exists as a soluble circulating form in plasma. Significant DP- IV activity is detectable in plasma from humans and rodents.
• the first biological principle of membrane-associated DP-IV relates to intracellular signalling pathways.
• the second principal biological activity of DP-IV is its enzymatic function in plasma. DP-IV prefers as peptidase substrates with an amino-terminal proline or alanine at position 2, but may also cleave substrates with non-preferred amino acids at position 2.
• DP-IV-mediated inactivation of GLP-I as a key determinant of GLP-I bioactivity.
• Several DP-IV inhibitors have been characterized, and they appear to lower blood glucose in diabetic rodents via prolongation of GLP-I and GIP action in plasma.
• the use of DP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus has, for example, been proposed in US 6,500,804 B2.
• guaijaverin a member of the chemical class of Flavonols, is very effective as a DP-IV inhibitor, therefore rendering this compound suitable _ for the treatment of diseases associated with DP-IV activity.
• guaijaverin is effective against DP-IV activity and, hence, suitable for the treatment of diabetes or related diseases per se.
• Guaijaverin is available by preparing extracts from plants containing guaijaverin, such as Myrcia multiflora, and isolating the desired compounds from said extract by methods known as such.
• One aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an extract of a plant selected from the group consisting of Psidium cattleianum, Psidium cattleianum ssp. Lucidum, Psidium guajava, Psidium guineense, Psidium littorale, Psidium molle and Psidium Kunststoffeanum for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease and/or condition related with and/or caused by activity of DP-IV or DP-IV like enzymes.
• a preferred plant of this group is Psidium guajava.
• Psidium guajava is a plant of the Myrtoideae family.
• the plants of the above listed group especially Psidium guajava, contain significant amounts of guaijaverin.
• the plant extract used according to the present invention may be an extract of the leaves, the fruits and/or of the bark of the plant.
• the extract may be prepared with a solvent selected from the group of water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and mixtures thereof, by methods known as such. Furthermore, the extract may be prepared by alternative methods, such as membrane filtration techniques using e.g. the juice of the fruit of the plant. Preferably, the extract used according to the invention is present in a solid form, such as a powder.
• the extract used according to the invention may preferably contain an amount of guaijaverin of 0.5% by weight or more, preferably 10 to 50% by weight.
• the extract may contain an amount of guaijaverin of 2% by weight to 4% by weight.
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of guaijaverin and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or condition related with or caused by activity of DP-IV or DP-IV-like enzymes.
• guaijaverin and/or of the plant extract used according to the invention is especially suitable for the treatment of a disease and/or condition which is a glucose metabolism disorder, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and/or atherosclerosis.
• guaijaverin and/or the plant extract used according to the invention may be used for other therapeutic purposes, such as for lowering LDL cholesterol, as an antioxidant, as an analgesic agent, and as a haemostatic agent, e.g. for relieving conditions associated with women's menstruation.
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to the extract of a plant selected from the group consisting of Psidium cattleianum, Psidium cattleianum ssp. Lucidum, Psidium guajava, Psidium guineense, Psidium littorale, Psidium molle and Psidium Kunststoffeanum for use as a medicament.
• Guaijaverin and/or the plant extract used according to the invention may be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, using pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, by methods known as such in the art. Administration may be carried out in various manners known as such, e.g. orally, topically, or as an injection.
• the content of guaijaverin is 0.5% by weight or more in such compositions.
• guaijaverin and/or the plant extract used according to the invention may be mixed with other plant extracts like e.g extracts from bitter melon, mulberry leaves, and banaba leaves.
• Figure 1 shows the inhibition of DP-IV by the synthetic inhibitor P32/98.
• Figure 2 shows the inhibition of DP-IV by an ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava.
• Example 1 General description of the preparation of an ethanolic extract from Psidium guajava
• Extract Powdered Psidium guajava leaves are extracted two times with 80% ethanol at 60 ⁇ 2°C . Extraction time is 2 hours each. The ratio of the final ethanol volume to the raw material powder weight is 8 to 1.
• the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C until no ethanol is left.
• the vacuum degree is -0.09 MPa.
• the resulting ethanol-free liquid is centrifuged to remove solid particles. 200 mL water are added to the pellet, and the mixture is again centrifuged. Both supernatants are combined.
• the clarified liquid is loaded onto a macroporous resin (Type Amberlite XAD4) and rinsed first with 800 mL water at a flow rate of 17 mL/min to wash off part of the impurities. Then it is switched to 1000 mL 95% ethanol at a flow rate of 8.5 mL/min for desorption, and the eluate is collected for 2 hours. The eluate is concentrated at 60 0 C under reduced the pressure, followed by drying for 5 hours.
• the combined filtrates are separated through a macrocrosslinked macroporous resin (Type Amberlite XAD4).
• a macrocrosslinked macroporous resin Type Amberlite XAD4
• 160 L water are used to wash the resin after absorption, by which part of the impurities can be eliminated.
• 350 L 80% ethanol are used for the desorption step.
• the yellow-brown desorbed liquid is collected.
• the desorbed liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C. Afterwards it is dried in a vacuum dryer for 5 hours.
• the above product can be further concentrated.
• the product is dissolved in 200 L water.
• the solution is separated through a polyamide resin (a polyamide 6 resin from Messrs. Sorbent Technologies, Inc.): First, 40 L water are used to wash the resin to remove part of the impurities. Then, 60 L 80% ethanol are used for the desorption step, and the yellow- brown desorbed liquid is collected. The desorbed liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C, then it is dried in a vacuum dryer for 5 hours.
• a polyamide resin a polyamide 6 resin from Messrs. Sorbent Technologies, Inc.
• DP-IV activity was measured by a colorimetric assay.
• Gly-Pro-4-NA (G0513, Sigma, St. Louis, MO)
• a (synthetic) chromogenic substrate of DP- IV is hydrolyzed by DP-IV into the dipeptide glycine-proline and 4-nitroaniline, whose rate of appearance was followed quantitatively at 405 nm.
• assay buffer 9.5 g HEPES/1 distilled water, pH adjusted to 7.0, H4034, Sigma, St. Louis, MO
• inhibitor solution or solvent
• the assay is then started by addition of 70 ⁇ L substrate solution (8.6 mg Gly-Pro-4-NA in 10 mL assay buffer).
• the increase of absorption at 405 nm was recorded over a period of 20 min.
• DP-IV activity is expressed as the linear change in optical density over 20 min ( ⁇ Abs/min).
• a Psidium gujava extract obtained according to example 3 was extracted at 45°C for 24 hours in distilled water under stirring conditions. Thereafter the extract was cleared by centrifugation (15,000 rpm, 15 min.), filtration (syringe filter, 0.45 ⁇ M), appropriately diluted and submitted to the test assay.
• the concentration of the extract was 5 g powder/100 niL water. Dilutions were prepared from the cleared extract by addition of water.
• DP-IV was inhibited by P32/98 (3N-[(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl- pentanoyl]-l,3-thiazolidine hemifumarate), a synthetic enzyme inhibitor.
• a stock solution of 1.60 mg P32/98/mL assay buffer was prepared and diluted with assay buffer to yield concentrations between 0.50 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL. 100 ⁇ L of these solutions were added to the assay as "inhibitor" solution.
• Results are expressed as %-inhibition derived from the comparison of test results obtained in samples with no inhibitor added to results obtained in samples with added inhibitors or Psidium guajava extract (both in different concentrations).
• the assay was calibrated using well known routine procedures:
• An assay temperature range between 32 and 42°C does not significantly affect the enzyme activity.
• Any substrate concentration between 5 and 10 ⁇ g/10 mL yielded maximum enzyme activity.
• the increase in absorption was shown to be linear up to 45 minutes.
• plasma volumes between 100 and 200 ⁇ L were shown to yield a dose-dependent, parallel shift of the increase in absorption.
• the enzyme DP-IV is not substantially blocked by the unspecific enzyme inhibitors chosen. Mentionable inhibition was achieved by organic solvents. Due to these results, the extracts at hand were dissolved in water, as organic solvents were shown to block the enzyme activity, hence introduction of those solvents would have led to uninterpretable results.
• the results of the tests carried out with synthetic inhibitor P 32/98 and Psidium guajava extract are shown in figures 1 and 2, with the concentration of the respective inhibitor plotted on the abscissa, and the respective observed inhibition of DP-IV plotted on the ordinate.
• the synthetic inhibitor P32/98 yields a smooth dose/response inhibition curve.
• a concentration of approximately 0.10 ⁇ g/assay volume yielded a DP-IV inhibition of around 50 %.
• the extract of Psidium guajava also yields a smooth dose/response inhibition curve.
• a concentration between 100- 1.000 ⁇ g/assay volume yielded a DP-IV inhibition of around 50 %.
• Psidium guajava extract was shown to inhibit DP-IV substantially.
• the difference in potency between Psidium guajava and the synthetic inhibitor P 32/98 amounts to approximately 1.000.
• Guaijaverin was dissolved in HEPES buffer (20 min. ultrasonication followed by shaking for 2 hours at room temperature), appropriately diluted and submitted to the test assay. Dilutions were prepared by addition of HEPES buffer. The concentrations tested were between 70-280 ⁇ g/mL test assay.
• Results are expressed as %-activity derived from the comparison of test results obtained in positive control samples (no inhibitor added) to results obtained in samples with added guaijaverin at different concentrations.
• guaijaverin yields a clear, dose dependent inhibition of DP-IV.
• a concentration between 140-210 ⁇ g/mL test assay (100- 150 ⁇ g/assay volume) yielded a DP-IV inhibition of around 50 %.

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• 2005
  • 2005-11-09 AT AT0183305A patent/AT502717A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2006
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