WO2007010080A2 - Nuevos dendrímeros carbosilanos, su preparación y sus usos - Google Patents
Nuevos dendrímeros carbosilanos, su preparación y sus usos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007010080A2 WO2007010080A2 PCT/ES2006/070111 ES2006070111W WO2007010080A2 WO 2007010080 A2 WO2007010080 A2 WO 2007010080A2 ES 2006070111 W ES2006070111 W ES 2006070111W WO 2007010080 A2 WO2007010080 A2 WO 2007010080A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dendrimer
- carbosilane
- dendrimers
- carbosilane dendrimer
- terminal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 824
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 824
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 240
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 133
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 38
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 claims description 35
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 hydride groups Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 25
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004005 formimidoyl group Chemical group [H]\N=C(/[H])* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 claims description 16
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003006 2-dimethylaminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000032274 Encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenytoin Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JLRGJRBPOGGCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tolbutamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 JLRGJRBPOGGCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEAWBFXAEZBNQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,5-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]methanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC1=CC(CO)=CC(OCCN(C)C)=C1 LEAWBFXAEZBNQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002036 phenytoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005371 tolbutamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005080 warfarin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 108020004491 Antisense DNA Proteins 0.000 claims 16
- 239000003816 antisense DNA Substances 0.000 claims 16
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims 2
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LRYAJWJGVVISNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-5-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-ol Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCC(N)O LRYAJWJGVVISNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 59096-14-9 Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[14C](O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NCNS2(=O)=O JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012228 RNA interference-mediated gene silencing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002155 chlorothiazide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MHWLWQUZZRMNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nalidixic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C)N=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=C1 MHWLWQUZZRMNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000210 nalidixic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940046166 oligodeoxynucleotide Drugs 0.000 description 175
- 239000006146 Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium Substances 0.000 description 118
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 67
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 63
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 56
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 55
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 39
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 29
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N phenylalanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 28
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 25
- 101500027983 Rattus norvegicus Octadecaneuropeptide Proteins 0.000 description 25
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 18
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 18
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 17
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 15
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 102000003855 L-lactate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108700023483 L-lactate dehydrogenases Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 10
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 108010047620 Phytohemagglutinins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 7
- GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J Trypan blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)\N=N\C=3C(=CC4=CC(=CC(N)=C4C=3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(O)C2=C1N GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001885 phytohemagglutinin Effects 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 7
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000333 poly(propyleneimine) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012979 RPMI medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102000016359 Fibronectins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001163 endosome Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035931 haemagglutination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SENLDUJVTGGYIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-[[3-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]-[2-[bis[3-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]amino]ethyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound NCCNC(=O)CCN(CCC(=O)NCCN)CCN(CCC(=O)NCCN)CCC(=O)NCCN SENLDUJVTGGYIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-O N-dimethylethanolamine Chemical compound C[NH+](C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001589 lymphoproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940124276 oligodeoxyribonucleotide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003531 phenolsulfonphthalein Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000656 polylysine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(tritiooxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[3H])O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)=C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-OFKYTIFKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 1-[6-[2-[3-[3-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-[2-[[(2r)-1-[[2-[[(2r)-1-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-[(2r)-2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl]sulfanyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl Chemical compound O=C1C(SCCC(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(N)=O)CC(=O)N1CCNC(=O)CCCCCN\1C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2CC/1=C/C=C/C=C/C1=[N+](CC)C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C1 UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 2-amino-9-[(1S,6R,8R,9S,10R,15R,17R,18R)-8-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-9,18-difluoro-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-bis(sulfanylidene)-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.2.1.06,10]octadecan-17-yl]-1H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@@H]3COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]3F)O[C@H]([C@H]4F)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)C(=O)N1 YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NGYYFWGABVVEPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 NGYYFWGABVVEPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000009091 Amyloidogenic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010048112 Amyloidogenic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000007400 DNA extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001917 Ficoll Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037357 HIV infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000005176 Hepatitis C Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090001090 Lectins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004856 Lectins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010039918 Polylysine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004791 biological behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003196 chaotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940125851 compound 27 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LBAQSKZHMLAFHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOCC LBAQSKZHMLAFHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N eugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1O RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000033519 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PBGKTOXHQIOBKM-FHFVDXKLSA-N insulin (human) Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3NC=NC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC1=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 PBGKTOXHQIOBKM-FHFVDXKLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002523 lectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012160 loading buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000633 nuclear envelope Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000029 vaginal gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N (2s)-n-[(3s,4s)-5-acetyl-7-cyano-4-methyl-1-[(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-2-(methylamino)propanamide Chemical compound O=C1[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC)[C@H](C)N(C(C)=O)C2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2N1CC1=C(C)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQZLRWGGWXJPOS-NLFPWZOASA-N 1-[(1R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-6-[(4S,5R)-4-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methylcyclohexen-1-yl]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=C(C=CC(=C1)Cl)[C@@H](C)N1N=C(C=2C1=NC(=CN=2)C1=CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1)C)N1[C@@H](CCC1)CO)C#N KQZLRWGGWXJPOS-NLFPWZOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 1-[2-[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQMAANNAZKNUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dimethylamino-1-chloro-ethane hydrochloride Natural products CN(C)CCCl WQMAANNAZKNUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZKSAVLVSZKNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].S1C(C)=C(C)N=C1[N+]1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AZKSAVLVSZKNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 3-[(1r)-1-[(2r,6s)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-n-[6-methyl-3-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-yl]-1,2-thiazol-5-amine Chemical compound N1([C@H](C)C2=NSC(NC=3C4=NC=C(N4C=C(C)N=3)C3=CNN=C3)=C2)C[C@H](C)O[C@H](C)C1 QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000972 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C1=C(N=C(*)S1)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDJKJPMLWJWQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 5-ethylphenazin-5-ium;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=C2[N+](CC)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 VDJKJPMLWJWQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 7-aminoactinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=C(N)C=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700012813 7-aminoactinomycin D Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88755TAZ87 Chemical compound NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006112 ATPases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000057290 Adenosine Triphosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031295 Animal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000006306 Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083359 Antigen Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta-D-1-Arabinofuranosylthymine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- KSFOVUSSGSKXFI-GAQDCDSVSA-N CC1=C/2NC(\C=C3/N=C(/C=C4\N\C(=C/C5=N/C(=C\2)/C(C=C)=C5C)C(C=C)=C4C)C(C)=C3CCC(O)=O)=C1CCC(O)=O Chemical compound CC1=C/2NC(\C=C3/N=C(/C=C4\N\C(=C/C5=N/C(=C\2)/C(C=C)=C5C)C(C=C)=C4C)C(C)=C3CCC(O)=O)=C1CCC(O)=O KSFOVUSSGSKXFI-GAQDCDSVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020406 Creutzfeldt Jacob disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003407 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010859 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001860 Eye Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 1
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000009889 Herpes Simplex Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000976075 Homo sapiens Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283162 Inia geoffrensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010061833 Integrases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004895 Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001030 Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012750 Membrane Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090054 Membrane Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPFJDXRVMFKJJO-ZHHKINOHSA-N N-{[3-(2-benzamido-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-G-dR-G-dD-dD-dD-NH2 Chemical compound S1C(C=2NN=C(C=2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(N)=O)=C(C)N=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPFJDXRVMFKJJO-ZHHKINOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029155 Nephropathy toxic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000043276 Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037273 Pathologic Processes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223960 Plasmodium falciparum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000024777 Prion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000725643 Respiratory syncytial virus Species 0.000 description 1
- MJNIWUJSIGSWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riboflavine 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCC)C(OC(=O)CCC)C(OC(=O)CCC)CN1C2=CC(C)=C(C)C=C2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O MJNIWUJSIGSWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091028664 Ribonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010037442 SPL7013 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019802 Sexually transmitted disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067390 Viral Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNUFLCYMSVYYNW-ZPJMAFJPSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[[(3s,5s,8r,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-disulfo Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O LNUFLCYMSVYYNW-ZPJMAFJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(2,6-dioxo-3H-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-fluoro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)C2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](F)[C@@H]1O SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002749 aminolevulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000836 amitriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUTJCNNFTOIOGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,8,9-triol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C3C(O)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 YUTJCNNFTOIOGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N asunaprevir Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C[C@H](CN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=NC=C(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C21)OC)N[C@]1(C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2CC2)C[C@H]1C=C XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N benzyl n-[(2r)-1-[(2s,4r)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-1,1-dihydroxyhexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CO[C@H]1CN(C(=O)[C@@H](CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)(O)C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C1 KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N beta-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)OC1C(O)C(O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromophenol blue Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005907 cancer growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000023852 carbohydrate binding proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091092356 cellular DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007541 cellular toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- GLNADSQYFUSGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-J chembl1640 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)N=NC=3C(=CC4=CC(=CC(N)=C4C=3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(O)C2=C1N GLNADSQYFUSGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229960004782 chlordiazepoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANTSCNMPPGJYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlordiazepoxide Chemical compound O=N=1CC(NC)=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 ANTSCNMPPGJYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLLGVCUQYRMELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilicon Chemical compound Cl[Si] SLLGVCUQYRMELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010428 chromatin condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007398 colorimetric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024203 complement activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126142 compound 16 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126086 compound 21 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126208 compound 22 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125833 compound 23 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125961 compound 24 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125846 compound 25 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127204 compound 29 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125877 compound 31 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125878 compound 36 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000120 cytopathologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003398 denaturant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003831 deregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003529 diazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002474 dimethylaminoethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009513 drug distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012202 endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009088 enzymatic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011323 eye infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012921 fluorescence analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014144 folate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001476 gene delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003929 heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000587 hyperbranched polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010820 immunofluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000001268 lymphoproliferative syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030883 malignant astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002941 microtiter virus yield reduction assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012120 mounting media Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007694 nephrotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000417 nephrotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009054 pathological process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002135 phase contrast microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000090 poly(aryl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000683 possible toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000004845 protein aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003776 protoporphyrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108010038196 saccharide-binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000008864 scrapie Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N sialic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017960 syncytium formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 206010043554 thrombocytopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001551 total correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000048 toxicity data Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003954 umbilical cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
- C08G83/002—Dendritic macromolecules
- C08G83/003—Dendrimers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
- C08G77/50—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
- C08G77/52—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
Definitions
- the invention relates to three-dimensional molecules called dendrimers, specifically those of the carbosilane type with terminal residues containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammo groups, the methods for their preparation and their use.
- dendrimers specifically those of the carbosilane type with terminal residues containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammo groups
- its use as transport vehicles for nucleic acids and other molecules with pharmacological activity with a negative charge is noteworthy, since it allows increasing the half-life of these drugs and their bioavailability and decreasing the dose necessary to achieve desired biological effect
- the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms whose structure and / or life cycle interfere is another application of the dendrimers of the invention.
- Dendrimers have received great attention in recent years due to their possible use in applications as varied as nanoscale catalysis, chemical sensors, unimolecular micelles, imitation of enzyme function, encapsulation of molecules, molecular recognition, diagnostic agents and also as vehicles for the transport of genes and drugs. Excellent reviews that include all these applications are published in the bibliography. [1 31 "38J One of the areas in which dendrimers have been most studied is Gene Therapy (introduction of genetic material into a cell for therapeutic purposes).
- dendrimers containing phosphorus atoms [8J synthesized by Majoral et al. Until the twelfth generation.
- the surface of the dendrimers has been functionalized with protonated or methylated tertiary amines and have been tested as transfection agents of the 3T3 cell luciferase gene.
- Efficiency increases with increasing dendrimer generation until reaching a constant value between generations three and five.
- these dendrimers have a better transfection efficiency in the presence of serum.
- ODN oligonucleotides
- antisense ODNs are short sequences (15-30 bases in length), synthetic DNA or analogs that are complementary (or antisense) to a target sequence (an RNA sequence or the DNA sequence complementary to that from which that RNA could transcribe); designed to interfere with a biological event, such as transcription, translation or splicing phenomena [11] .
- RNA sequence or the DNA sequence complementary to that from which that RNA could transcribe designed to interfere with a biological event, such as transcription, translation or splicing phenomena [11] .
- These molecules are designed to interact as complementary sequences of a target mRNA, preventing translation into proteins, by degrading the mRNA by RNAse activity or interfering with ribosome reading.
- Antisense therapy This is called "antisense therapy.”
- Antisense ODNs have been used in multiple fields since 1978 (antitumor therapy and infectious diseases especially), until today when, after a period of doubt, antisense ODNs have regained their role as a powerful tool in Molecular Biology, especially a from the FDA approval of Formivirsen ⁇ n ⁇ ODN antisense indicated in CMV eye infection in the context of HIV infection.
- Another antisense ODN, GEM231 is postulated as a molecule with potential application against different neoplasms [13 l.
- ODN ODN rich in non-methylated CpG sequences as immunomodulators. These sequences lead the immune response to a ThI profile, characterized by an increased secretion of Interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2, and other factors that will increase the ability of the immune system to eliminate pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
- These ODNs interact with lymphocyte surface receptors such as those in the Toll-like receptor family. They are being investigated to enhance the immune response in immunodeficient and in the context of allergic diseases, characterized by a Th2 balance, in order to bring this profile to ThI [I6 l
- ODN therapy One of the main problems of ODN therapy is to achieve adequate levels to achieve the therapeutic effect. It is necessary to administer large amounts of ODN to achieve the biological effect, because they have a high affinity to bind to plasma proteins, such as albumin ⁇ 17 I Binding to plasma proteins and other cell surface proteins is considered responsible. also of some of the toxic effects of ODN in vivo (activation of complement cascade, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, etc.) [18] . It is therefore believed that the use of a transport vehicle that prevents such protein binding could result in obtaining higher levels of active ODN, further prolonging the half-life thereof, and decreasing its toxicity.
- Plasma protein binding is by far the most important and determinant of drug distribution, since tissue protein binding is generally very small. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the plasma protein concentration is much higher than the interstitial of tissues, whose proteins also have very little mobility and less ability to bind substances, the latter property being particularly notable in the case of the albumin, a predominant protein in the plasma under normal conditions and to which mainly the acidic drugs (although also some basic ones) bind, while those alkaline are linked to the acidic glycoproteins.
- ODNs in particular like many drugs of interest, are ammonium molecules (negatively charged), so the use of dendrimers with groups that facilitate their interaction and, especially, those that are cationic in nature.
- Physiological pH is a very suitable option to guarantee the stability of the complex during transport. Therefore, the invention develops new dendrimers, specifically of the carbosilane type, and provides its use, among others, as transport vehicles, in the blood and / or other body fluids, of ODN and other anionic molecules of interest.
- This is a new field because, so far, no study has been published concerning the use of water-soluble carbonate dendrimers as transport agents, although a report on the in vitro biocompatibility of carbosilane dendrimers constituted on poly (ethylene oxide). 1 ⁇
- only three synthetic studies of cationic carbosilane dendrimers have been published to date / " , none of them coinciding with those provided by the invention.
- dendrimers can act as transporters
- an interesting group is the intended cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells [73> 74] .
- dendrimers can be directed towards tumor cells by functionalizing them with folic acid, which is overexpressed in tumor cells, so those dendrimers would have preference for their entry by said cells over normal cells.
- PAMAM dendrimers modified with folate on its surface have been used as transporters of boto isotopes in neutron capture therapies in cancer [75] .
- PAMAM dendrimers conjugated with cis-platinum act as a macromolecular platinum transporter, an antitumor drug, which is released from the dendrimer-platinum complex in a controlled manner, leading to a greater accumulation of it in solid tumors, with less toxicity than Free cis-platinum [76 l] Another alternative for controlled release in the establishment of covalent bonds between the dendrimer and the drug by biodegradable bonds at physiological pH, as tested with dendrimers with primary surface amines and partially modified with l-bromoacetyl -5-fluoro-uracil to form a labile amide bond that is hydrolyzed in vitro a. Physiological pH, releasing in a controlled way 5- fluoro-uracil, a potent antitumor.
- dendrimers Other substances of interest in whose transport dendrimers may be useful are those that become toxic after being irradiated, due to the in situ formation of small amounts of oxygen in the singlet state, which has deleterious physiological effects ⁇ .
- Some articles about dendrimers carrying photosensitive drugs have been published, for example, with 5- aminolevulinic acid in the periphery, these dendrimers assuming promising agents in the treatment of keratinocyte tumors [70 l
- dendrimers based on polyaryl ether carrying protoporphyrin as a photosensitizer [71 l
- dendrimers could be interesting transporters are some drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances or nephrotoxicity that could be avoided when given transdermally, rather than by the routes Classic oral or parenteral.
- drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances or nephrotoxicity that could be avoided when given transdermally, rather than by the routes Classic oral or parenteral.
- the multivalence of the surface functional groups of dendrimers means that the great variety of molecules that they can carry encompasses even dendrimers with different functionalities: they are the tectodendrimers, which are being studied for their great potential in possible biomedical applications.
- dendrimer structure cavities can also be used to house the molecules that are to be transported.
- An example of utilization of dendrimer structure cavities is the so-called "dendritic box" [68] , in which a PPI dendrimer is surface modified with phenylalanine groups, which protect the outer shell making it denser.
- a PPI dendrimer is surface modified with phenylalanine groups, which protect the outer shell making it denser.
- molecules of different sizes are encapsulated inside.
- the dendrimer can carry a different number of molecules depending on their size. When the dendrimer is treated with formic acid, the outer shell opens, allowing the release of the molecules housed inside.
- dendrimers Another group of molecules for which dendrimers can suppose suitable transporters are low molecular weight molecules (such as peptides) against which it is desired to generate an immune response in a subject but which, due to their small size, are poorly immunogenic or induce a weak response after being injected into the individual to be treated.
- This problem can be solved by increasing its molecular weight, either by polymerization or by coupling to a high molecular weight transporter (traditionally a protein).
- Dendrimers that have a very defined structure and many functional groups capable of binding antigens at their periphery represent a good alternative for the manufacture of vaccines containing highly defined and highly reproducible immunogens. In this line, MAP dendrimers have been developed
- multiple antigenic peptide '- 57 ' 38 - ', which are asymmetric wedge-shaped constructions formed by successive generations of plant residues. These dendrimers have a large number of primary amines that can be coupled to low molecular weight antigens, with the intention of increasing their immunogenicity, obviating the need for Use carrier proteins.
- MAP structures containing Plasmodium falciparum peptide stimulators of T and B cells have been used to produce immune responses against this parasite [59] .
- MAP structures are processed by antigen presenting cells in the same way as intracellular pathogen derived antigens (such as viruses), resulting in a potent immune response, including T cell production.
- the dendrimers of the invention which have residues containing amino groups at the ends of their branches, may also have utility in vaccination, either because they are coupled with low molecular weight antigens taking advantage of amines present at residues of ends of their branches, or because said moieties containing at least one amino group themselves constitute low molecular weight antigens such as those of a peptide nature.
- MAP structures have also been used to transport non-peptide antigens such as carbohydrates, haptens, etc., in the context of vaccines.
- Carbohydrates in particular are a class of molecules important in biological recognition.
- Glycodendrimers prepared by the union of mannose-isothiocyanate, sialic acid or lactose to the terminal amines of PAMAM dendrimers or dendrimers, have been used as antigens for vaccines [64> 65] .
- glycodendrimers with the T-associated antigen beta Gal 1-3 alphaGalNAc disaccharide has also tested its ability to bind to lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) specific for galactose [66] , with the intention of using them in the detection of tumors that express T antigen receptors and to transport drugs to them.
- lectin carbohydrate binding protein
- Glycodendrimers can also be used to increase affinity for the lectins that bind to the carbohydrate they carry together [67 ⁇ , which may be of interest to use those glycosylated dendrimers as microbial anti-adhesins, toxin antagonists, or as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer drugs, since the interactions of ictine-carbohydrate have been described in numerous cases in the immune system (in the events that lead to cellular activation), in viral and bacterial infections, in relation to cancer and cell growth, etc.
- glycosylated dendrimers can mimic natural glycoconjugates and interact efficiently with receptors natural carbohydrates, giving rise to characteristic effects of the interaction with them.
- dendrimers have been shown to be able to inhibit the infection caused by different viruses, interfering both with the entry of the viras in the cells and in subsequent viral replication steps. That is the case, for example, of Herpes Simplex, whose infection is inhibited in vitro by the effect of modified polylysine dendrimers 130 ' 311 .
- vaginal gels have been developed for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases with dendrimer-based formulations, such as VivaGel TM (Starpharma), whose active ingredient is a functionalized polylysine dendrimer with naphthalenedisulfonate residues that appears to be effective in the prevention of HIV infection thanks to its ability to bind to the gpl20 glycoprotein of the virus surface.
- dendrimer-based formulations such as VivaGel TM (Starpharma)
- active ingredient is a functionalized polylysine dendrimer with naphthalenedisulfonate residues that appears to be effective in the prevention of HIV infection thanks to its ability to bind to the gpl20 glycoprotein of the virus surface.
- antiviral dendrimers there is a preference for those who present on their surface groups that mimic those that are present on the cell surface and that, therefore, are capable of competing with cells for virus binding, also designed a dendrimer with groups surface amide that functions as an inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus, it is believed that by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the peripheral groups of the dendrimer with the fusion protein of the virus, it is expected that dendrimers functionalized with other groups capable of forming hydrogen bridges with viral proteins involved in the interaction with the cell surface are also able to interfere with different viruses, inhibiting infection caused by them.
- dendrimers have been used as antibacterials or to deconstruct the cell membranes of some fungi.
- PPI poly (propyleneimine)
- dendrimers with tertiary alkylammonium groups on their surface, which have demonstrated extensive bactericidal activity against both Gram positive bacteria and against ' 53 ' 54 - 'Gram negative bacteria.
- PPI poly (propyleneimine)
- the dendrimers of the invention also functionalized with moieties containing amino groups, represent an option to also be used to deconstruct cell membranes of bacteria or fungi.
- dendrimers have properties that allow them to act as protein denaturants. Certain types of dendrimers act by decreasing the dielectric constant and the viscosity of the water and disrupting their regular structure by reorganizing the water molecules on the surface of the dendrimer. This leads to disadvantage of hydrophobic interactions, which is very destabilizing for most of the tertiary structures of proteins, causing their denaturation: it is the so-called "chaotropic" effect that denaturing agents such as urea or guanidinium chloride have.
- a very interesting field in which it is intended to apply this denaturing capacity of proteins is the use to dissolve prion proteins, such as PrP Sc [20] .
- Prion proteins are capable of adopting a pathogenic structure-conformation that causes fatal neuropathies called spongiform encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, "mad cow” disease, sheep scrapie, etc.). These proteins form aggregates that are located in the brains of affected individuals and are soluble only in solvents. containing both detergents and chaotropic agents (typically 6M guanidinium chloride). However, these aggregates can be solubilized by cationic dendrimers such as PPI and PAMAM: those of greater generation with greater number of surface amines are the most effective.
- the new dendrimers of the invention also functionalized with residues containing amino groups, provide new compounds to be used both to dissolve prion aggregates and in the therapy of other diseases in whose development the formation of pathogenic protein aggregates also occurs, such as for example the aggregates of amyloid protein that appear in Alzheimer's disease 55 ' 5 .
- dendrimers are synthetic polymers with good properties for use in biological applications: they respond predictably in solution, can be modified extensively to carry multiple ligands with biological activity, can cross biological barriers and are manufactured with few structural defects.
- the invention describes new branched carbosilane dendrimers with terminal residues at the ends of their branches containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino groups that respond to any one of the formulas:
- AIq 1 , AIq 2 , AIq 3 ,, AIq 1 represent alkylene moieties of 2 to 4 carbons which are chosen independently from each other according to the length of the branches in each generation;
- R 1, R 2, R 3, R 1 "1, R 1 represent moieties which are chosen independently from each other from methyl and phenyl;
- X represents a moiety that contains at least one primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group; p is an integer that varies between 1 and 3; m, n, .... ; z are integers that vary independently between 1 and 3
- radicals R 1, R 2, R 3, R 1 "1, R 1 are all identical and correspond to methyl moieties.
- residues AIq 1 , AIq 2 , AIq 3 , ..., AIq 1 are selected from ethylene and propylene.
- said moieties are all the same and correspond to propylene moieties.
- the integers m, n, ..., z are equal to each other and have the value 2.
- R 3 , R 1 "3 , R 1 are all equal and correspond to methyl moieties; residues AIq 1 , AIq 2 , AIq 3 , ..., AIq 'are equal to each other and correspond to propylene moieties and integers m , n, ..., j are equal to each other and have the value 2.
- X represents any residue that contains a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine.
- those residues in which X represents or -OCH 2 CH 2 N (CH 3 ) 2 , -OCH2- (C6H3) -3.5- (OCH2CH 2 N ((CH3) 2) 2 are preferred, or -OCH 2 CH 2 N (CH3) CH 2 CH 2 N (CH3) 2, or a group -CH 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) and NH2 in which "e 'is an integer ranging from 0 to 2, preferring in that case to take the value
- X represents the quaternized forms of the above moieties -OCH 2 CH 2 N + (CH 3 ) 3 r, -OCH 2 -
- R 1 represents a methyl or phenyl moiety
- R 1 represents a methyl or phenyl moiety.
- b) obtain a carbosilane dendrimer with terminal residues with primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups following one of the following routes: bl) cause the alcoholysis of Si-Cl terminal bonds of a carbosilane dendrimer obtained in step a5) by reacting it with an alcohol - primary, secondary or tertiary amino in the presence of an excess of a base; b2) previously obtain a carbosilane dendrimer with Si-H terminal bonds to which the residues containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group are subsequently attached, by passing it through the steps of: i) obtaining a derivative with Si-terminal bonds H of a precursor carbosilane dendrimer of any generation by reacting the corresponding carbosilane dendrimer with Si-Cl bonds with a reagent capable of yielding hydride groups, so that part or all of the Cl atoms
- R 3 , R 2 , ..., R 1 moieties are all the same and correspond to methyl moieties.
- the indices n, m, ..., j corresponding to the reagents of the general formula HSi (R 2 ) 3-n Cl n are preferably chosen between 1 and 2.
- the number of branches formed in each generation is always the same and equal to 2, for which the reagent HSi (R 2 ) 3-n Cl n ,, when used to create a precursor that gives rise to a dendrimer of a new generation, it would be in all cases HSi (R 2 ) 2 Cl, preferably HSi (CHs) 2 Cl, which corresponds to a value of "n" of 1.
- HSi (CHs) 2 Cl to create a precursor of a new generation.
- Reagent HSi (R 2 ) 3- ⁇ Cl n when used to give rise to a carbosilane dendrimer with Si-Cl terminal bonds from which to obtain a carbosilane dendrimer of the invention with amino groups in the branches, it is preferred that the value of "n" is chosen between 1 and 2, therefore, HSi (CHs) 2 Cl and HSi (CH 3 ) Cl 2 can be used as desired so that the number of terminal groups present per branch is 1 or 2, respectively.
- the alcohol amine used to obtain the carbosilane dendrimers of the invention from the corresponding derivatives with Si-Cl end bonds is chosen from N, N-dimethylethanolamine (CH 2 OH-CH 2 -N ( CH 3 ) I), 2 - [(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methyl] amrno ethanol (CH 2 OH-CH 2 -N (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -CH 2 -N (CH 3 ) 2 ) or 3.5- bis (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylalcohol (CH 2 OH- (C 6 Hs) - (O-CH 2 -CH 2 -N (CH 3 ) 2 ) 2 ).
- the carbosilane dendrimer with Si-Cl bonds is treated with the corresponding stoichiometric amount of the alcohol-amine chosen, in diethyl ether and in the presence of an excess of triethylamine, so that each of the bonds Si-Cl becomes an Si-O link by which the residue corresponding to the alcohol-amine used is attached.
- the carbosilane dendrimer obtained from any one of the above alcohol amines is subsequently quaternized by treating it with CH 3 I in diethyl ether.
- the carbosilane dendrimer with terminal residues -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 obtained by reaction with the allylamine is quaternizes by adding HCl in diethyl ether.
- carbosilane dendrimers with Si-H bonds at their ends with which compounds containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group are reacted and possessing a carbon-carbon double bond in a endpoint are obtained in step b2) i) using LiAlH 4 as the reagent capable of yielding hydride groups that allows converting part or all of the Si-Cl bonds into Si-H bonds, although it is included within the scope of the method of invention the use of analogous reagents among which NaH or NaBH 4 may be mentioned.
- the binding of compounds containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group at the end where they possess a carbon-carbon double bond is carried out using the Karstedt catalyst to catalyze the reaction, although it remains included within the scope of the method of the invention the use of other hydrosilylation catalysts that allow to carry out the desired union such as the Spiers catalyst 61 '62] .
- the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the carbosilane dendrimers of the invention.
- the composition contains at least one carbosilane dendrimer of the invention together with at least one other molecule, ammonium or polyanionic.
- the polyanionic molecule is an oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) or a double stranded DNA molecule.
- the polyanionic molecule is a single-stranded or double-stranded RNA molecule, which preferably contains complementary regions associated with each other that allow said RNA to be used as interference RNA (RNAi).
- ODN oligodeoxyribonucleotide
- RNAi interference RNA
- the anionic molecule is a drug that is prone to be associated with plasma proteins or cell membranes that are in contact with it or are likely to be degraded by any of these proteins.
- the carbosilane dendrimer is present in the invention as an active substance capable of interfering with the life cycle of pathogenic microorganisms.
- the pathogen It is a virus, which can be HIV.
- the pathogenic microorganism is a bacterium or fungus whose membrane or cell wall is susceptible to being altered by said dendrimer.
- the carbosilane dendrimer is present in the invention as an active substance capable of interfering with the formation or facilitating the dissolution of protein aggregates involved in the development of pathological processes such as encephalopathies caused by prions or degenerative processes such as disease Alzheimer's
- a carbosilane dendrimer of the invention present in a pharmaceutical composition has a peptide or an antigenic moiety attached thereto and is intended to trigger an immune response that prevents or protects the individual from whom supply against a disease caused by an organism in which said peptide or antigenic moiety is present.
- the dendrimers of the invention and the compositions containing them can be administered by common routes of administration, iontophoresis, transdermal route, injection or inhalation. They are also suitable for forming films for the coating of prosthetic structures or STENT meshes so that from them the controlled release of at least one dendrimer of the invention or at least one substance present in the same composition as said dendrimer occurs.
- carbosilane dendrimers are used for fixing ammonium or polyanionic molecules to surfaces.
- the molecules would be nucleic acid sequences and the surfaces to which they are fixed, the bases used for the microchips to which nucleotide sequences are fixed.
- the invention relates to the use of the carbosilane dendrimers of the invention as carriers of anionic substances in the blood that protect said substances from their interaction with plasma proteins or cell membranes that are in contact with him and they are able to bind to such anionic substances or to degrade them.
- a particular case of this would be one in which the substance with an anionic character at the pH of the blood would be a drug.
- the invention relates to the use of carbosilane dendrimers of the invention as drugs to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of a disease caused by a microorganism with whose life cycle the dendrimer of the invention is capable of interfering.
- the invention relates to the use of carbosilane dendrimers of the invention as transfection vehicles of anionic or polyanionic molecules to which they are attached.
- the polyanionic molecule is an oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) or a single-stranded or double-stranded RNA molecule, which preferably contains complementary regions associated with each other that allow said RNA to be used as interfering RNA ( RNAi).
- ODN oligodeoxyribonucleotide
- RNAi interfering RNA
- the cells to be transfected are cells of the nervous system or cell lines derived therefrom.
- Figure 1 shows the structure of several carbosilane dendrimers of the invention with the un quaternized amino moieties synthesized in examples 7, 11, 2, 5 in Figure la and those synthesized in examples 13 and 14 in Figure Ib.
- Figure 2 shows the structure of several carbosilane dendrimers of the invention with the quaternized amino moieties, those synthesized in examples 22, 26, 19 and 27 in Figure 2a and those synthesized in examples 28 and 29 in Figure 2b.
- Figure 3 shows the complex formation electrophoresis gels between an ODN and the IM8 dendrimers (with GF in the gel a and with different ODN in the gel b), C1NH4 (c), NN and Phe (d) and IMl 6 ( gel e, which also contains samples of IM8).
- Figure 4 shows electrophoresis gels of complexes formed between an ODN and the Phe, C1NH4 (gel A), NN (gel B) and IM8 e FM16 (gel C) dendrimers at different pH values.
- Figure 5 shows the evolution of dendrimer complexes of the invention and the PPT ODN when remaining in aqueous solution 0, 6 or 24 hours.
- Figure 6 shows an electrophoresis gel of samples of dendrimer complexes and the ODN TAR in the presence of albumin and SDS. The left part is a staining of the proteins with Paragon blue and the right part a staining photograph of the DNA samples with ethidium bromide.
- Figure 7 shows the evolution of dendrimer samples of the invention and a
- ODN when incubated in the presence of complete medium for 40 minutes (40 min), 4 hours (4H) and 17 hours (17 H).
- Figure 8 shows an electrophoresis gel of dendrimer and ODN samples in the presence of human serum.
- the left part shows a photo taken with ultraviolet light from DNA samples and the right part shows a staining of the proteins of that gel with Paragon blue.
- Figure 9a shows ethidium bromide staining of electrophoresis gels corresponding to mixtures of dendrimers and ODN after 0 hours (OH), 4 hours (4H) and 24 hours (24H).
- Figure 9b shows the protein staining of the gel corresponding to 4 hours whose staining with ethidium bromide is shown in Figure 9a.
- Figure 10 shows an electrophoresis gel of complex samples between the Nf-kappaB-luc plasmid and the IM8 dendrimer.
- Figure 11 shows an electrophoresis gel of complex formation tests between an RNAi and a dendrimer (IM8) of the invention.
- Figure 12 shows a graph with the results of mitochondrial activity for concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20 and 100 ⁇ M after incubation of cells with the dendrimers IM 8, IM 16, C1NH4, NN, Phe and SF, which have their corresponding bar for each concentration placed in the position it occupies in the previous enumeration.
- Figure 13 shows a graph with the results of hemoglobin release after incubation of red blood cells with the IM8, IMl 6, NN, Phe and S dendrimers, at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 ⁇ M.
- Each bar corresponds to a dendrimer, placed in the order corresponding to the previous enumeration and each group of bars corresponds to a concentration, ordered in increasing order.
- Figure 14 shows a graph with the mortality percentages of cells incubated with different dendriters and dendrimers of the invention and stained with Tripan Blue.
- Figure 15 shows the results of a flow cytometry test in which the percentages of cells with size and complexity corresponding to cells in apoptosis-necrosis with living cells were compared.
- the X represents the size and the Y axis the complexity, the cloud of dark cells corresponding to cells in apoptosis-necrosis.
- Part A corresponds to CMSP cells treated with CBS dendrimers and part B to CMSP cells treated with PAMAM type dendrimers.
- Figure 16 shows the representation of the percentages of living and apoptosis cells obtained after the flow cytometry tests obtained in CMSP cells treated with CMS dendrimers (A) or with a PAMAM type dendrimer (B).
- Figure 17 shows stains with the vital DAPI dye of cells incubated with: 1: Control; 2: 0DN + IM8; 3.ODN + IM16; 4: ODN + SF; 5: ODN; 6: IM8; 7: IM16; 8: SF.
- Figure 18 shows photos taken after 72 hours of incubation of cells with IM8-ODN, at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds.
- Figure 19 shows a graph with the results obtained in the scintillation counter in a lymphoproliferative assay stimulating the cells with different CBS dendrimers, with PHA and with a control (C).
- Figure 20 shows the cellular location of an ODN with which CMSP was transfected after: A: 1 hours; B: 3 hours; C: 24 hours.
- Figure 21 shows the analysis of the fluorescence present in a cell that has been transfected with an ODN.
- Figure 21 A the fluorescence values that are obtained at each point along a line that represents an average cut in XY are shown in ordinates, the graph corresponding to the blue fluorescence, the intermediate to the green and the one corresponding to the graph. lower than the red one.
- a similar fluorescence analysis is shown in Figure 21 B by taking a region of interest (ROI) drawn around the nucleus in which the blue fluorescence (upper graph) and the green fluorescence (lower graph) are analyzed.
- ROI region of interest
- Figure 22 shows the fluorescence pattern obtained after transfection with PPT or dendriplejos of the invention.
- 1 Control
- 2 PPT
- 3 PPT + IM8
- 4 PPT + NN
- 5 PPT + Phe
- 6 PPT + IM16.
- Figure 23 shows the fluorescence pattern obtained after transfection with a C1NH4 dendriter and PPT.
- Figure 24 shows the fluorescence hystrogam in a mid-plane in XY of a cell treated with PPT + NN, in which the upper graph shows in ordinates the intensity of green fluorescence that is found along the plane, the graph intermediate is an analogous analysis corresponding to the red fluorescence and the graph below shows an analogous analysis corresponding to the blue fluorescence.
- Figure 25 shows the graph obtained by calculating the number of DNA copies of HIV as a function of the number of cells with different concentrations of NN dendrimer before and after infection.
- Figure 26a shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis in acrylamide / bisacrylamide gel micromolar concentrations ( ⁇ M) of the NN dendrimer shown on the streets.
- Figure 26b shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of NN dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with methotrexate in a ratio of 1/8 dendrimer / drug molecules (lanes marked "1" ), 1/4 (streets marked as
- Figure 26c shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of the NN dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with different heparin units: 1 OU (streets marked “1"), 1 U ( streets marked “2”), 0.5 U (streets marked “3”) or 0.1 U (streets marked "4").
- Figure 26d shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of the NN dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with insulin in a ratio of 1/3 dendrimer / drug molecules (lanes marked “1” ), 1 / 1.5 (streets marked “2"), 4/1 (streets marked “3”) or 10/1 (streets marked "4").
- Figure 27a shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis in acrylamide / bisacrylamide gel micromolar concentrations ( ⁇ M) of the NNl 6 dendrimer shown on the streets.
- Figure 27b shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of NN 16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with methotrexate in a ratio of molecules dendrimer / drug 1/16 (streets marked "1"), 1/8 (streets marked "2"), 1/4 (streets marked "3") or 1/2 (streets marked "4" ).
- Figure 27c shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of NN16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with different heparin units: 1OU (streets marked "1"), 1 U ( streets marked '2'), 0.5 U (streets marked '3') or 0.1 U
- Figure 27d shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of NN16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with insulin in a ratio of 1/3 dendrimer / drug molecules (lanes marked as * ' l "), 1 / 1.5 (streets marked" 2 "),
- Figure 28a shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis in acrylamide / bisacrylamide gel micromolar concentrations ( ⁇ M) of the IMI 6 dendrimer shown on the streets.
- Figure 28b shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of IM 16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with methotrexate in a ratio of 1/16 dendrimer / drug molecules (lanes marked “1 "), 1/8 (streets marked” 2 "), 1/4 (streets marked” 3 ”) or 1/2 (streets marked” 4 ").
- Figure 28c shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of IM 16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with different heparin units: 1 OU (streets marked as
- Figure 28d shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of IM 16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (Ctrl) or samples of said dendrimer incubated with insulin in a ratio of dendrimer / drug molecules
- Figure 29 shows the pattern of bands obtained by electrophoresis samples of IM 16 dendrimer incubated without any drug (lanes marked as “ : D”) or incubated with insulin (streets marked “C") in which the pH was taken to the numerical value indicated on the streets.
- Figure 30 shows bar graphs in which, in ordinates, the proliferation factor value is shown, referring to the control (“C-") obtained by incubating U87-MG cells (upper graph, marked “A”) or SK-N-MC cells (bottom graph, marked “B”) with the compounds indicated under each bar, at the indicated concentrations.
- C- negative control, corresponding to samples incubated only with culture medium without additional compounds.
- Figure 31 shows bar graphs in which, in ordinates, the value of the viability factor is shown, calculated as both by one with respect to the control ('' C- "), obtained by performing MTT tests on U87 cells -MG incubated with the compounds indicated under the bars, at the indicated concentrations and volumes, for times of 24 hours (24H) (upper chart, marked “A"), 3 days (3D) (intermediate chart, marked as "B") or 7 days (7D) (bottom chart, marked as '' C ").
- Dextr Dextran
- Spfect Superfect.
- Figure 32 shows a bar graph in which, in ordinates, the value of the cytotoxicity factor is shown, expressed as both by one with respect to the control ("C-"), obtained after quantification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ) in the culture supernatant of U87-MG cells incubated for 24 hours (24H) with the compounds indicated under the bars, at the indicated concentrations and volumes.
- C- lactate dehydrogenase
- Figure 33 shows bar graphs in which, in ordinates, the value of both is shown by one with respect to the control ("C") corresponding to the results obtained when performing in MTT tests (upper graph, marked as “A ”) or quantification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture supernatant (bottom graph, marked” B ”) in SK-N-MC cells incubated for 24 hours (24H) with the compounds indicated below the bars, in the concentrations and volumes indicated.
- Dextr Dextran
- Spfect Superfect.
- FIG. 34a shows the graphs obtained in a flow cytometer when analyzing U87-MG cells incubated with the fluorescein-labeled anti-rev oligonucleotide (Oligo-FITC) in the absence of dendrimer (graph marked "Ctrl", control) or with complexes formed between the oligonucleotide and the NN dendrimer in proportions that gave rise to the load-to-load + ratios indicated on each graph: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 8.
- Figure 34b shows the graphs obtained in a flow cytometer when analyzing U87-MG cells incubated with the fluorescein-labeled anti-rev oligonucleotide (Oligo-FITC) in the absence of dendrimer (graph marked "Ctrl", control) or with complexes formed between the oligonucleotide and the NNl 6 dendrimer in proportions that gave rise to the load / load + ratios indicated on each graph: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 8.
- Oligo-FITC fluorescein-labeled anti-rev oligonucleotide
- Figure 35 shows the graphs obtained in a flow cytometer when analyzing SK-N-MC cells incubated with the fluorescein-labeled anti-rev oligonucleotide (Oligo-FITC) in the absence of dendrimer (graph marked “Ctrl", control) or with complexes formed between the oligonucleotide and the NN 16 dendrimer in proportions that gave rise to the load / load + ratios indicated on each graph: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 8.
- Oligo-FITC fluorescein-labeled anti-rev oligonucleotide
- the invention describes new branched carbosilane dendrimers with primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino groups at the ends of the branches that respond to the formulas: (R 1 J 3 - P i S i - (Al q 1 - S i -Xp) 4 , in the case of the first generation;
- AIq 1 , AIq 2 , AIq,, AIq 1 represent alkylene moieties of 2 to 4 carbons which are chosen independently from each other according to the length of the branches in each generation;
- R 1, R, R, R 1 "1, R represent methyl radicals or phenyl
- X represents a moiety that contains a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group
- p is an integer that varies between 1 and 3
- m, n, ...., z are integers that vary independently between 1 and 3.
- the dendrimers corresponding to that embodiment of the invention can also be represented by the general formula iG- (X p ) m , where: i: indicates the number of the dendrimer generation
- X indicates the nature of the functional groups located on the periphery of the dendrimer p: indicates the number of functional groups in each branch m: indicates the number of terminal functional groups in the dendrimer G: represents the carbosilane skeleton of the dendrimer which, according to the generation, would correspond to the following formulas:
- X represents any residue that contains a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine.
- dendrimer refers to a three-dimensional macromolecule of arborescent construction.
- the term "generation” refers to the number of iterative stages that are necessary for the preparation of the dendrimer.
- carbosilane dendrimer refers to a dendritic molecule with a carbosilane skeleton.
- the term "antigenic moiety” refers to a moiety that is attached to a molecule and that is capable of triggering an immune response in an individual to whom the molecule that carries that moiety is attached.
- the term “peptide” refers to a linear chain of two or more amino acids that are joined by forming an amide bond between a carboxyl group of an amino acid and an amino group of the adjacent amino acid. .
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of dendrimers of the invention.
- organosilane dendrimers of different generations can be prepared with high yields using well-known reactions, through divergent procedures / 25 ' 42 ' 43 ' 44 ' 43 ' 46 ' - 1
- These dendrimers have a high versatility that gives them several advantages over others derivatives: i) it is possible to modify the length of the branches using vinyl or allylic Grignard derivatives in the metathesis step; ii) it is possible to vary the number of branches of each generation by changing for example HSiCl 3 to HSiCH 3 Cl 2 ( iii) it is possible to incorporate a wide variety of functional groups to the periphery of the dendrimer.
- carbosilane dendrimers have a high chemical inertia, which is very useful for the additional purpose of this invention to use them as vehicles for the transport of anionic molecules (such as ODN and various ammonium drugs) in the blood, their protection against the interaction with plasma proteins and their entry into a cell to exert their action.
- anionic molecules such as ODN and various ammonium drugs
- the first step in the synthesis of these derivatives is the preparation of precursor dendrimers containing Si-Cl or Si-H terminal bonds.
- the synthesis of these dendrimers has already been published ⁇ 5 ' 42 ' 4 " 44 ' 45 ' 46 ' 1 and is carried out with high yields.
- dendrimers have grown up to a third generation, but the methodology for obtaining dendrimers of higher generations is analogous, whereby said dendrimers of higher generations and their preparation process are also included in the scope of the invention, in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the second step consists in the union of different amino groups to the surface of these dendrimers using the known reactivity of the Si-Cl and Si-H bonds.
- two alternative synthetic routes can be followed, depending on the nature of the terminal group present in the carbosilane dendrimer.
- Examples 44 and 45 detail the synthesis and characterization of dendrimers 31 (IG- [YES ((CH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 (OMe) (O (CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 ))] 4) and 32 (2G-
- Quaternization of dendrimers with terminal groups -NH 2 , 13-15 could be carried out by adding HCl (IM solution in Et 2 O) in diethyl ether as solvent (Scheme 6).
- Examples 1 to 30 below describe the synthesis of carbosilane dendrimers with amino terminal groups that start from precursor dendrimers (IG-Cl 4 , IG-Cl 8 , IG-H 4 , 2G-Cl 8 , 2G-Cl 16 , IG-H 8 , 3G-Cl 4 , IG-Cl 8 , IG-H 4 ,) previously synthesized following the known procedures indicated in Scheme 1.
- precursor dendrimers IG-Cl 4 , IG-Cl 8 , IG-H 4 , 2G-Cl 8 , 2G-Cl 16 , IG-H 8 , 3G-Cl 4 , IG-Cl 8 , IG-H 4 ,
- skeletons from which the carbosilane dendrimers of the invention are formed, with amino terminal groups, reacting them with compounds that give rise to the ligands that become the ends of the branches of the dendrimers.
- the first generation dendrimer 2 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 1, starting from 1 G-CIg (0.54 g, 0.87 mmol), N, N-dimethylethanolamine (0.7 mL, 6.94 mmol ) and NEt 3 (1.0 ml, 7.2 mmol). In this way 2 was obtained as a colorless oil. (0.75 g, 80%).
- the second generation dendrimer 4 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 1, starting from 2G-Cl 16 (0.48 g, 0.30 mmoi), N 5 N-dimethylethanolamine (0.48 ml, 4.77 mmol ) and NEt 3 (0.7 ml, 5.02 mmol). In this way 3 was obtained as a colorless oil (0.66 g, 90%).
- the third generation dendrimer 5 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for I 5 starting from 3G-Cl] 6 (0.20 g, 0.06 mmol), N 5 N-dimethylethanolamine (0.10 ml, 0.99 mmol) and NEt 3 (0.16 mL, 1.14 mmol). In this way 5 was obtained as a pale yellow oil (0.18 g, 74%).
- Example 6. Synthesis of 3G-fSi (OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 ) 2 li ⁇ (6).
- the third generation dendrimer 6 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 1, starting with 3G-Cl 32 (0.19 g, 0.05 mmol), N 5 N-dimethylethanolamine (0.17 mL, 1.68 mmol ) and NEt 3 (0.24 ml, 1.79 mmol). In this way 6 was obtained as a pale yellow oil (0.20 g, 72%).
- the third generation dendrimer 9 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 7, starting from 3G-Ch 6 (0.072g, 0.022 mmol); NEt 3 (0.060 mi, 0.43 mmol) and 3.5- (OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 ) 2 - (C 6 H 3 ) -CH 2 OH (0.101 g, 0.358 mmol). In this way 9 was obtained as a pale yellow oil (0.110 g; 69%).
- SiCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 If they show signals in the range 21.3-17.4 ppm. The complete assignment of these signals was done with the help of HMQC experiments. Finally, the fragments -SiMe 2 - and -SiMe- are easily distinguishable in all derivatives and generations. Si NMR spectra are equally in accordance with the proposed formulation, although in these spectra the innermost silicon atoms are only observed in first generation dendrimers.
- the second generation dendrimer 14 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 13, starting from 2G-H 8 (0.42 g, 0.36 mmol), allylamine (2 mL, 26.7 mmol), THI ImI and two drops of the Karstedt catalyst. In this way 14 was obtained as a colorless oil (0.32 g, 55%).
- the structure of this dendrimer is depicted in Figure Ib.
- the third generation dendrimer 15 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 13, starting from 3G-H 16 (0.100 g, 0.037 mmol), allylamine (2 mL, 26.7 mmol), THI ImI and two drops of the Karstedt catalyst . In this way 15 was obtained as a colorless oil (0.085g, 64%).
- the first generation dendrimer 17 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 2 (0.17 g, 0.16 mmol) and 0.80 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (1.6 mmol) . In this way 17 was obtained as a white solid (0.29 g, 86%).
- Example 18 Synthesis of 2 G-fS i (OCH 2 CH 2 NMe Alh (18 ⁇
- the second generation dendrimer 18 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 3 (0.25 g, 0.13 mmol ) and 0.6 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (1.2 mmol), thus compound 18 was obtained as a white solid (0.35 g, 87%).
- the second generation dendrimer 19 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 4 (0.10 g, 0.04 mmol) and 0.5 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (1.0 mmol). In this way compound 19 was obtained as a white solid (0.17 g, 87%).
- Example 20 - Synthesis of 3G-FSi (OCH 2 CH 2 NMe / DIi n ⁇ 20)
- the third generation dendrimer 20 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 5 (0.12 g, 0.03 mmol ) and 0.4 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.8 mmol). In this way, compound 20 was obtained as a white solid (0.16 g, 83%).
- Example 3 generation dendrimer 21 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 6 (0.060 g, 0.012 mmol) and 0.2 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.4 mmol).
- the IH-NMR spectrum shows wide signals and indicates that approximately 90% of the terminal amino groups have been quaternized, so that compound 21 is not isolated pure.
- the first generation dendrimer 22 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 7 (0.1 g, 0.06 mmol) and 0.35 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.7 mmol) . In this way compound 22 was obtained as a white solid (0.14 g, 90%).
- Example 23 - Synthesis of 2G-FSJrOCH 2 - (CAHj) -SJ- (OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 1 + T) 2 ) Ij (23)
- the second generation dendrimer 23 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 8 (0.08 g, 0.023 mmol) and 0.20 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.4 mmol). In this way, compound 23 was obtained as a white solid (0.11 g, 85%).
- Example 24 - Synthesis of 3G-fSir ⁇ CH2-rC ⁇ H 1 V3,5-r ⁇ CH 2 CH 2 NMe. + I ' ) 2 ) lij (24)
- the third generation dendrimer 24 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 9 (0.084 g, 0.012 mmol) and 0.25 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.5 mmol). In this way, compound 24 was obtained as a white solid (0.08Og, 72%).
- Example 25 Identification of lG- ⁇ Si (O (CH 2 ) 2 N ⁇ YYCH 2 ) 2 NMe / m4 (25)
- the first generation dendrimer 25 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 10 (0.043 g, 0.047 mmol) and 0.094 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.188 mmol). In this way the compound was obtained
- Example 26 - Identification of 2G-rSi ⁇ O (CH7) 7N (Me) ⁇ CH 2 ) 2 NMejT) lj f26)
- the second generation dendrimer 26 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 11 (0.19 g , 0.08 mmol) and 0.34 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (0.68 mmol). In this way compound 26 was obtained as a pale yellow solid. This compound is not isolated pure, with mixtures due to a non-selective quaternization process in which both nitrogen atoms can participate, although compound 26 is the major component of this mixture.
- the third generation dendrimer 27 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 16, starting from 20 (0.084 g, 0.017 mmol) and 0.13 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether ( 0.27 mmol.) In this way compound 27 was obtained as a pale yellow solid. This compound is not isolated pure, with mixtures due to a non-selective quaternization process in which both nitrogen atoms can participate, if Well, compound 27 is the major component of this mixture.
- the 1 H and ⁇ C NMR spectra of the 16-27 dendrimers have identical resonance patterns for the carbosilane skeleton to those of their precursors 1-12, although an increase in signal broadening is observed with increasing generation.
- the outer groups SiOCH 2 CH 2 NMe S + I " give rise to two wide multiples centered at 3.94 (for dendrimers 16, 18 and 20) or 4.12 (for dendrimers 17, 19 and 21) assignable to the methylene protons of the groups -OCH 2 -, and 3.45 (for dendrimers 16, 18 and 20) or 3.56 (for dendrimers 17, 19 and 21) that are assigned to the protons of the fragment -CH 2 N-.
- Quaternization of the amine groups produces a low-field displacement of 0.3-0.4 ppm in the signal of -OCH 2 -, while the methylene protons of the -CH 2 N- groups move by approximately 1 ppm.
- the second generation dendrimer 29 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 28, starting from 14 (0.09 g, 0.05 mmol) and 0.6 ml of an IM solution in HCl ether (0.06 mmol) . In this way compound 29 was obtained as a pale yellow solid (0.06g; 55%).
- the structure of this dendrimer is depicted in Figure 2b.
- the third generation dendrimer 30 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 28, starting from 15 (0.060 g, 0.018 mmol), and 0.30 ml of an IM solution in HCl ether (0.30 mmol). obtained 30 as a pale yellow solid (0.054g, 78%).
- one of the aspects of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions that contain at least one dendrimer of the invention, either together with another substance (s) of an anionic nature and of pharmaceutical interest to the (s) accompanying as a vehicle to facilitate its transport in the bloodstream to the target cells in which it has to exert its effect, protecting it (s) from the interaction with proteins of the plasma to which it could be bound or that could affect its stability, either as an active substance capable of interacting with the life cycle of a microorganism causing a disease whose effects are intended to be prevented, reduced or eliminated by one or more of a dendrimer of the invention.
- the anionic molecule (s) at which one or more dendrimers of the invention serve as a transport vehicle is an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), preferably an antisense ODN, or a double-stranded DNA molecule of greater length or an interfering RNA.
- ODN oligodeoxynucleotide
- aspects of the invention are also the use of some dendrimer of the invention or of compositions containing them to prevent or treat diseases, caused by pathogens or by gene failure.
- the last two, Superfect and G4 are commercial PAMAM dendrimers that were used for comparison with respect to the carbosilane dendrimer of the invention.
- All carbosilane dendrimer of the invention are soluble in water at the concentration used for the starting solutions (2 mg / ml) by slight stirring, without heating being necessary.
- oligonucleotide sequences used were antisense (complementary) sequences directed against different HIV RNAs.
- the length varied from 15 to 28 bases, being phosphorothioate in nature.
- the specific ODNs used and their sequences are shown below in Table 1.
- GF refers to the anti-gag ODN fluoresceinated at the 5 'end
- RF refers to the anti-Rev ODN fluoresceinated at the 5' end.
- both the gels and the cells were based on the relationship between the number of positive and negative charges in said complex.
- the complex formed has an excess of positive charge to facilitate its binding to the cell membrane glycoproteins, negatively charged, thus initiating the endocytosis process.
- an excess of positive charge was added to ensure the formation of the dendrimer-DNA complex. Therefore, the complexes between the CBS dendrimers and the different nucleic acids were formed in excess of the number of positive charges (contributed by the CBS) versus negative charges (contributed by the ODN).
- IM8 - Figure 3a. Complex formation between IM8 and ODN GF.
- the electrophoresis samples were as follows: Street 1: 100 bp ladder
- Lane 4: 4 ⁇ l GF + 45.2 ⁇ l IM8 + 50.8 ⁇ l RPMI (+/-) 20 / l
- Lane 6 4 ⁇ l GF + 96 RPMI Calle 7: 4.52 ⁇ l IM8 + 95.48 ⁇ l RPMI Calle 8: 9 , 03 ⁇ l IM8 + 90.97 ⁇ l RPMI Street 9: 45.2 ⁇ l IM8 + 54.8 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 1 lOObp ladder
- Lane 2 RF: 4.5 ⁇ l + 56 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 3 RF: 4.5 ⁇ l + 5.3 ⁇ l IM8 + 50 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 6 PPT-TFO 2.5 ⁇ l + 58 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 7 PPT-TFO 2.5 ⁇ l + 2.8 ⁇ l IM8 + 55 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 8 TAR 2.6 ⁇ l + 57 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 9 TAR 2.6 ⁇ l + 3 ⁇ l IM8 + 55 ⁇ l RPMI
- C1NH4 is able to retain DNA also with all the load ratios evaluated.
- IM16 - Figure 3e Complex formation between the PPT ODN, the IM8 and IM 16 dendrimers and the corresponding monomer from which the dendrimer was formed.
- the electrophoresis samples were as follows: Street 1: 100 bp ladder Street 2: PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 3 ⁇ l IM8 + 54 ⁇ l RPMI Street 3: PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 2.35 ⁇ l IM 16 + 55 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 4 PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 1.8 ⁇ l monomer + 55 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 5 PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 57 ⁇ l RPMI
- the CBS tested 2nd generation was capable of retaining the migration of the DNA toward the positive pole, this being a reflection of the formation of an electrostatic between CBS and ODN in all cases: the small generation of the CBS tested is not an obstacle therefore to retain DNA. Dendrimers without DNA, meanwhile, emit a weak signal, almost negligible.
- the synthesis process of the CBS used in this work begins from an initial nucleus of common structure, which is ended functionalizing in the periphery mediate t and the use of different functional groups , which are the ones that contribute the positive charge to the dendrimer and determine the differences between them, being the dendrimeric nucleus of apolar nature.
- Lane 2 Control with RPMI medium without dendrimer or oligonucleotide
- Lane 3 PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 3 ⁇ l IM8 + 54 ⁇ l
- Lane 4 PPT 2.57 ⁇ l + 2.35 ⁇ l IM 16 + 55 ⁇ l RPMI
- Example 32 Stability of dendriplejos at different pH Stability studies of the complexes at different pHs were performed, to determine how the pH changes would affect the complex, since there are different anatomical, tissue or cellular locations in which the pH is acidified or basify. Examples are the acidic environment of the stomach, the basic of pancreatic secretions to the small intestine, or at the cellular level, the endosomal-lysosome compartment, where it is changed from a physiological pH (7.35-7.45) to an acidic pH around a 4. It was interesting to know in what pH range the DNA complex could be maintained with the different CBS used. The complexes were formed following the usual procedure and excess volumes of different solutions were added at different pHs.
- Example 33 Stability of dendripleios in aqueous solution as a function of time
- Plasma protein binding is one of the obstacles that ODN therapies face. This union decreases the bioavailability of ODN, making a larger dose necessary to be able to exert the desired biological effect.
- it is intended to analyze the influence of the presence of proteins in the medium on the stability of the complex, and whether it could somehow protect the ODN from plasma protein binding.
- Lane 0 100 bp ladder Street 1: 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI
- Lane 2 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ PBS-BSA 2%
- Lane 3 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l PBS-BSA 5%
- 4 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l PBS-BSA 10% lane
- 5 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l SDS 0.5% lane
- 6 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l SDS 1%
- Lane 7 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l SDS 2%
- Calle 8 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 3.47 ⁇ l NN + 25 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l Medium Complete
- 9 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 27 ⁇ l RPMI + 30 ⁇ l PBS-BSA 10%
- Lane 10 2.60 ⁇ l TAR + 27 ⁇ l RPMI
- SDS dark bands appear midway between the free ODN and the well: they are complexes of the Paragon blue with the bromophenol blue present in the loading buffer.
- the ODN forms complexes with albumin, to which corresponds a band in the gel stained with ethidium bromide that has been marked surrounding it.
- albumin should not be sequestering ODN from the dendrimer-DNA complex because, if not, migraine at the height of the circle.
- SDS ammonium detergent
- Example 35 Stability of the NN-ODN dendriplejo in the presence of serum
- TAR 2.59 ⁇ L + NN 0.8 or ⁇ L + 57 ⁇ L RPMI (+/-) 0 , 5 O
- samples 1, 2 and 3 were added 100 ⁇ l of complete medium. From each of the samples, 45 ⁇ l aliquots were taken after 40 minutes, 4 hours and 17 hours and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. The samples were loaded on the gel following the order of their numbering from left to right, having previously placed a 100 bp ladder marker. At the last point (17 hours), only the 2/1 ratio complex was tested against the ODN without NN. The results are shown in Figure 7, in which a date appears on each of the wells corresponding to samples with TAR + NN in 2/1 ratio.
- the complex and the ODN behave as if the medium used for the mixtures contains only RPMI, does not form complexes with the plasma proteins, and the NN releases the ODN at 5 p.m.
- the electrophoresis gels obtained after waiting 20 minutes for a good interaction of the ODN with the whey proteins before loading the samples in the gel, are shown in Figure 8.
- the part to be shown is the photograph obtained with UV light of the appearance of bands by staining with ethidium bromide and part b shows the same gel treated with Paragon blue ®.
- the location of the corresponding bands the ODN in part a at the same height as the protein bands in part b demonstrates the binding of ODN to human serum proteins.
- Figure 9a Figure 9b shows the staining with Paragon blue of the gel corresponding to the 4-hour samples.
- the protein gels are observed, (of which the one corresponding to the 4-hour samples has been shown as an example, although the results were similar in the gels of 0 and 24 hours), they run towards the positive pole, (spot which separates from the well); but it is interesting to observe in the BE gel that the proteins form a complex with the ODN when it is alone, without dendrimer Proteins run at the same height in all circumstances of the experiment, regardless of the presence of the dendrimer (which fails to retain the protein in the well, does not complex with the protein).
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- the following anti-CD4 siRNA was used: 5'-GAUCAAGAGACUCCUCAGUdGdA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6) supplied by Ambion, Inc.
- the gel used was a matrix gel, a gel made with a mixture of agarose and acrylamide linear at 25 or 50%, obtained after heating and subsequent marking of the samples with Ethidium Bromide. In this case, a 50% matrix, 0.7% agarose and 50% TAE 2X gel was used.
- the samples subjected to electrophoresis were the following:
- Toxicity tests The toxicity of the different dendrimers was studied by 5 different but complementary procedures, which provided data on cellular functionality, membrane permeability and cell appearance.
- membrane integrity trypan blue stains
- apoptosis annexin-V-PE and DAPI
- necrosis 7-AAD
- MTT reagent evaluates mitochondrial activity
- evaluation of cell size and complexity by flow cytometry in vivo microscopy to evaluate cell mobility.
- IM8 IMl 6, C1NH4, NN, Phe dendrimers and the commercial controls SF (Superfect) and G4 were evaluated. Different quantities were taken from each of them so that the final concentrations with which the cells were incubated were 1 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M, 20 ⁇ M and 100 ⁇ M.
- CMSP peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- Blood came from adult donors or umbilical cord donors from healthy neonates. Said blood was diluted Vi with PBS and centrifuged in a Ficoll gradient. After said centrifugation, the CMSP halo was recovered and two subsequent wash-centrifugation cycles were carried out. The resulting CMSPs were resuspended in complete culture medium with 10% STF, antibiotics and glutamine.
- a mitochondrial activity curve dependent on dendrimer concentration was performed at 48 hours. This technique was used to show deleterious intracellular effects on the interior of cells. This is a colorimetric assay based on the selective ability of viable cells to reduce 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenylene tetrazolium bromide in formazan insoluble crystals. After 48 hours of incubation of the CMSP with different concentrations of dendrimers in 96-well plate (100,000 / well), the supernatant containing dendrimer was removed and replaced by 200 ⁇ l of a culture medium without serum or phenol red (Optimem).
- the CMSPs were seeded in total human plasma fibronectin (Sigma®) at a concentration of 5-10 ⁇ g / ml, with which during the 48-hour incubation were fixed to the bottom of the well.
- 20 ⁇ l of filtered MTT was added to achieve sterility (Thiazolyl Blue, Sigma®) in PBS pH 7.4 at a concentration of 5 mg / ml to achieve a final well concentration of 0.5 mg MTT / ml.
- Formazan crystals were observed under phase contrast microscopy and subsequently dissolved with 200 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the plate was stirred at 700 rpm in an Eppendorf ® stirrer-heater to ensure the correct dissolution of said crystals.
- Formazan concentration ([A]) was determined by spectrophotometry using a plate reader at a wavelength of 570 nm with a reference of 690 nm. The spectrophotometer was calibrated to zero using Optimem without cells.
- the MTT tests show that the cells that showed the highest mitochondrial viability after being treated with increasing concentrations of CBS or SF were those treated with CBS IM 16, CBS NN and CBS Phe. However, if the data are taken together with these tests with visual observation, it follows that while IM 16 induced the formation of cell aggregates, NN and Phe do not, the latter being the most biocompatible for lymphocytes .
- the red blood cells were obtained after being separated from the CMSPs by the same Ficoll gradient cited in the previous Example. They were diluted in PBS until they can be viewed individually. The cells were re-suspended in 500 ⁇ l of PBS and seeded in a 24-well plate (300,000 / well). As a positive control, cells treated with 0.2% Triton X-100 were used. Negative control: PBS (white). The red blood cells were incubated with different concentrations of dendrimer.
- the presence of hemagglutination, cell number and hemoglobin release at the time was evaluated by collecting 100 ⁇ l of supernatant and measuring absorbances by spectrophotometry using a plate reader at a wavelength of 550 nm and 690 nm as a reference.
- IMl 6 induces less hemolysis and leaves a greater number of cells in the well than IM8, (according to what was observed for MTT in lymphocytes), but induces agglutination. All induce hemagglutination except NN.
- PAMAM G4 induces agglutination and conformational changes in red blood cells, but not hemolysis. The hemaghitination order from highest to lowest is:
- the well in which the cells looked better, also presenting almost negligible hemolysis was that of the NN dendrimer. If the toxicity results on lymphocytes and red blood cells are taken together, the dendrimer that demonstrated better biocompatibility profiles was the NN.
- Example 40 Toxicity of the QDN + dendrimer complexes compared to the dendrimer alone.
- the toxicity of other dendrimers such as PAMAMs is modified (decreased) when they form complexes with DNA.
- the following experiments aim to know what happens to CBS dendrimers in terms of toxicity when they bind to ODN.
- a complex formation volume of 60 ⁇ l was used in all assays, using RPMI serum-free medium with phenol red as the medium support.
- the added corresponding amounts of ODN or dendrimer to reach the load ratio (+/-) 2, the positive charge being contributed by the dendrimer and the negative charge by the ODN.
- the 160 ⁇ l were then added to the seeded cells in 340 ⁇ l, completing a final volume of 500 ⁇ l.
- the cells were incubated either with said complexes, either with a mixture of equal volume containing the ODN without CBS, either with a mixture containing dendrimer alone, or with a mixture containing only RPMI + complete medium that was used as a negative control.
- the cells and / or the supernatant were then collected for analysis in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy or cell DNA extraction.
- the cells were treated for subsequent image acquisition in the conventional or confocal fluorescence microscope.
- the cells were glued to glass slides with wells 30 mm in diameter by Poly-L-lysine, (PLL) (Sigma®).
- PLL Poly-L-lysine
- the slides were pre-incubated with 30 ⁇ l of PLL for 2 hours in an incubator at 37 C and 5% CO2. After this incubation, the excess PLL was washed with PBS.
- the cells from each treatment that were to be glued on the PLL were washed twice with PBS and labeled for 1 minute with 0.8% trypan blue (Sigma®) to subsequently show viable cells.
- a primary antibody anti-CD45 IgGl 5 K of mouse anti-human (BD (D) was used first, 30 .mu.l of antibody to each well were added at a dilution of 1 ug / ml, it was incubated for 30 minutes and then excess was washed with PBS, then a secondary goat anti-mouse IgG-IgM antibody (heavy and light chains) conjugated in Texas-Red (Jackson ImmunoResearch®), 30 ⁇ l / well at 1/130 dilution of the mother (concentration of the mother 1.4 mg / ml.) It was incubated with the cells for another 30 minutes and subsequently washed with PBS.
- BD mouse anti-human
- the cell nuclei were stained by using DAPI (Vysys ®) 10 ⁇ l / well for 10 minutes, then washed twice with PBS The incubations with antibodies and DAPI were carried out at room temperature The antibodies were diluted on the same day of use to avoid degradation over time and centrifuged at 12000 rpm previously at its use to decrease l in the presence of aggregates. The dilution of each antibody was carried out in blocking medium to reduce unspecific dizziness (PBS with 1% bovine serum albumin). Finally, the preparation was assembled by using a special means for fluorescence (DAKO Cytomation Fluorescent Mounting Medium) with antifading (intended to protect the sample against deterioration caused by lasers).
- DAPI Cysys ® 10 ⁇ l / well for 10 minutes
- Leica TCS SP2 confocal microscope using different excitation lines; 405, 488 and 514 nm and using the objective for differential optical contrast microscopy of the confocal. After image capture, it was analyzed using Leica® software.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- All work with the glass was done by arranging it on a non-stick surface (sterilized metallic paper) in a sterile Petri dish and in a laminar flow cabinet. Finally, they proceeded to the inclusion of the glass in the chamber for in vivo microscopy confocal, in which the cells remained at 37 0 C with 5% atmosphere. Before starting any experiment in vivo, the cells were allowed to recover from manipulation for 30 minutes in the chamber. After this period, the cells were treated differently:
- sequential time shots (every 30 ", 1 ' or 2 ' ) of the cells were made by choosing a cut in the middle plane of the cells, including the nucleus. After acquisition, the cells were assembled. images to obtain images of the process.
- This technique evaluates the permeability of the cell membrane to trypan blue (better known by its English name Tripán Blue, abbreviated TB). Live cells exclude this staining.
- n 100 cells per count
- the highest mortality rates corresponded to PAMAMs, both complexing with ODNs and alone.
- the CBS did not show an increased percentage of TB-positive cells with respect to the control of untreated cells, barely showing differences when the cells were treated with CBS-ODN or with CBS alone.
- the percentages of cells with size and complexity corresponding to cells in apoptosis-necrosis were compared with living cells. For this, an evaluation of size (FW) and complexity (SD) was performed by flow cytometry. To do this, a region was drawn around the cells with FW and SD corresponding to cells in apoptosis-necrosis and another around the cells with FW and
- Part A shows a CMSP type cell population treated with CBS dendrimers and part B a population treated with a type dendrimer PAMAM
- the dark cell cloud corresponds to cells in apoptosis necrosis. Gray represents the living cells.
- the numerical percentages corresponding to each of the cell types were obtained, obtaining the values shown in Table 7.
- FIG. 17 shows the results obtained with the following samples: 1: Control; 2: 0DN + IM8; 3: ODN + IM16; 4: ODN + SF; 5: ODN; 6: IM8; 7: IM16; 8: SF
- the concentrations of dendrimers use in complex formation proved to be quite biocompatible, the cells showing similar viability when treated with CBS-ODN complexes than when they were treated with CBS alone.
- a lymphoproliferative assay was performed. The experiment was prepared in triplicate on a 96-well flat bottom plate (100,000 cells per well in 200 ⁇ l of complete human AB medium with antibiotics, glutamine and 10% AB serum). The experiment had a negative proliferation control well (untreated cells), a well treated with a dose of usual use (2 ⁇ M) of each dendrimer to be tested, another with a higher dose bordering on cytotoxicity (5 ⁇ M) and another Positive proliferation control treated with 1 ⁇ g / mL phytohemagglutinin.
- the CMSP were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin at a dose between 1-2 ⁇ g / ml and with interleukin-2 (IL-2) at a dose of 100 Ul / ml, the cell concentration being between 3 and 5 million / mi.
- IL-2 interleukin-2
- the cells were resuspended at a concentration of between 300,000-500,000 cells per 340 ⁇ l.
- IL-2 was added to maintain cell activation during the course of the experiment at a dose of 50 Ul / ml calculated based on the 500 ⁇ l that they would constitute the final volume.
- the fluorescence pattern was diffuse, without formation of aggregates.
- Transfection tests were performed using the PPT ODN to form dendrites with different dendrimers of the invention. Specifically, they were used to transfect the following samples: 1: Control; 2: PPT; 3: PPT + IM8; 4: PPT + NN; 5: PPT + Phe; PPT + FM16.
- ODN without CBS that is, diffuse, nuclear and cytoplasmic.
- CBS dendrimers with the exception of C1NH4, do not interfere in any way with the distribution of ODN in the cell.
- the dendrimers of the invention would be suitable for the preparation of compositions of medications (parenteral or oral) or interference devices (vaginal gels, antiseptics) for the prevention and / or treatment of biological agents such as the HIV virus or other viruses such as hepatitis C or other biological agents such as prions.
- compositions of medications parenteral or oral
- interference devices vaginal gels, antiseptics
- biological agents such as the HIV virus or other viruses such as hepatitis C or other biological agents such as prions.
- Example 43 HIV inhibition assays - Virus preparation
- MT-2 cells human T lymphocytes immortalized with human lymphocytotropic virus type I
- 2OxIO 6 MT-2 was washed twice with RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% STF and transferred to 25 ml conical tubes at a concentration of 2x10 6 cells / ml in RPMI medium with 10% STF.
- the strain of HIVNL4.3 virus was added at a concentration of 1 particle per cell (1 MOI).
- MT-2 and the virus were cultured during at least 2 hours at the 37 0 C, stirring the culture every 15-30 minutes.
- cultures (virus cells) were washed twice to remove virus that had not been integrated into the cell genome. The cells were transferred and grown in 25 cm bottles in the same culture medium.
- the HIVNL4.3 viral isolate established laboratory viral strain, was titrated in the MT-2 cell line. 2x10 4 MT-2 cells were cultured with complete medium in plates
- 96 wells and 40 ⁇ l of the viral preparation was added at different concentrations for which the corresponding dilutions are made. All of them were put in octuplicate and kept at 37 ° C under CO 2 atmosphere for one week.
- Spearman-Karber I30 which is used to quantify the number of virus particles per ml of medium in a culture in which serial dilutions of the virus concentrate are seeded by octuplicate.
- CMSPs were stimulated for 48 hours with 2 ⁇ g / ml of PHA and 100 IU of IL-2, to cause polyclonal activation; at 24 hours the cells were washed with
- HIVNL4.3 per cell calculated in RPMI medium with 10% FCS for 4 hours at 37 0 C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2. After this time the cells of the culture were collected and washed three times to remove the virus adhered to the cell surface, they were again deposited in 24-well plate in RPMI medium with 10% STF and
- the number of virus copies was adjusted the percentage of living cells to be able to make comparisons between different concentrations of dendrimers.
- dendrimers did not induce significant mortality at the concentrations used (quantified by FW and SD in flow cytometry). Therefore, the following adjustment was made: number of HIV / 10 6 DNA copies of cells per
- % live cells obtaining the following graph shown in Figure 25, in which the pre or post prefixes refer to the administration of 1, 3 or 5 ⁇ M of NN before or after infection and the bar marked " C "corresponds to the control.
- the CBS dendrimers tested have a good biocompatibility for CMSPs at the doses used to vehicle ODN.
- the dendrimer that turns out to have a better biocompatibility profile is the CBS-NN.
- the NN dendrimer shows a good ability to prevent infection of lymphocytes by the HIV virus which, together with the good biocompatibility shown, indicates that it can be used for the prevention and / or treatment of disorders caused by biological agents such as it HIV or other viruses such as hepatitis C, including other biological agents such as prions.
- CBS Phe and C1NH4 show a good ability to efficiently and endlessly fix nucleic acids, so they can be suitable for the generation of RNA or DNA microchips or other devices that require fixation to a nucleic acid surface already that, in addition, by the form of DNA fixation (electrostatic with the phosphate groups of the DNA), the CBS described herein leave the nucleotide sequence exposed to the interaction with complementary sequences of other nucleic acids.
- the second generation dendrimer 34 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 33, starting from 32 (0.38 g, 0.13 rmol) and 0.07 ml of a 2M solution in MeI ether (1.04 mmol) . In this way compound 34 was obtained as a white solid (0.45 g, 85%).
- the dendrimer 35 which has all the nitrogen atoms of its structure quaternized, was prepared from the first generation dendrimer 25 (0.24 g, 0.24 mmol) and 1.2 ml of MeI (2.4 mmol) in diethyl ether as solvent. In this way dendrimer 35 was obtained as a white solid insoluble in diethyl ether (0.49 g, 95%).
- the second generation dendrimer 36 was prepared following a procedure similar to that described for 35, starting from 26 (0.11 g, 0.04 mmol) and 0.06 ml of MeI (0.91 mmol). In this way compound 36 was obtained as a white solid (0.18 g, 86%).
- the dendrimers chosen to perform the tests were:
- the drug is added at different concentrations to obtain the chosen (+) and (-) load ratios, also determining the amount of drug molecules present in the mixture. Incubation of such mixtures is at 37 0 C for 1 hour to give time to form the more thermodynamically stable complex, even the need more time for training. Each complex is done in duplicate.
- the NN dendrimer was dissolved in distilled H 2 O at an initial concentration of
- concentrations of 100 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ M were chosen as the concentration that allowed to visualize the dendrimer in the gel after staining and detect possible delays of the band obtained when subjected to electrophoresis not in free form, but by forming complexes with a drug.
- Dendrimer-methotrexate mixtures that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 9 were prepared and incubated:
- the heparin used in the assay is presented in aqueous solution, at 10 mg / ml (1000 U). Not having its molecular weight, or the number of negative charges, although it is known that there are several, the union with the dendrimer was performed by heparin units. Thus, dendrimer-heparin mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 10 below.
- the insulin used in the test is presented in aqueous solution, at a concentration of 3.5 mg / ml (100 U).
- aqueous solution at a concentration of 3.5 mg / ml (100 U).
- the union with the dendrimer was designed by calculating it by insulin units, thinking that it can be useful in order to compare the results with the doses of free insulin used in the clinic.
- dendrimer-insulin mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 11 below. Table 11.- Characteristics of the NN-insulin dendrimer mixtures
- the NN16 dendrimer was dissolved in distilled H 2 O at an initial concentration of 434 ⁇ M and, from this, dilutions were made to obtain concentrations of 100 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ M.
- the previous electrophoresis performed with aliquots of the solutions corresponding to each of these concentrations, to which the gel shown in Fig.
- Dendrimer-methotrexate mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 12: Table 12.- Characteristics of NN16-methotrexate dendrimer mixtures
- the heparin used in the assay is presented in aqueous solution, at 10 mg / ml (1000 U). Not having its molecular weight, or the number of negative charges, although it is known that there are several, the union with the dendrimer was performed by heparin units. Thus, dendrimer-heparin mixtures were prepared and incubated which responded to the characteristics shown in Table 13 below.
- the insulin used in the assay is presented in aqueous solution, at a concentration of 3.5 mg / ml (100 U).
- the union with the dendrimer was designed by calculating it by insulin units, thinking that it can be useful in order to compare the results with the doses of free insulin used in the clinic.
- dendrimer-insulin mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 14 below.
- the IM 16 dendrimer was dissolved in distilled H 2 O at an initial concentration of 442 ⁇ M and, from this, dilutions were made to obtain concentrations of 100 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ M. Previous electrophoresis performed with aliquots of the solutions corresponding to each of these concentrations, to which the gel shown in Fig. 28a corresponds, showed that the dendrimer was in all of them in good condition.
- Dendrimer-methotrexate mixtures that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 15 were prepared and incubated:
- the heparin used in the assay is presented in aqueous solution, at 10 mg / ml (1000 U). By not having its molecular weight, or the number of negative charges, although it is known that there are several, the union with the dendrimer it was performed by heparin units. Thus, dendrimer-heparin mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 16 below.
- the insulin used in the assay is presented in aqueous solution, at a concentration of 3.5 mg / ml (100 U).
- aqueous solution at a concentration of 3.5 mg / ml (100 U).
- the union with the dendrimer was designed by calculating it by insulin units, thinking that it can be useful in order to compare the results with the doses of free insulin used in the clinic.
- dendrimer-insulin mixtures were prepared and incubated that responded to the characteristics shown in Table 17 below. Table 17.- Characteristics of IMlo-insulin dendrimer mixtures
- Insulin was selected for testing, adding 0.5 units (0.5 U) to each reaction mixture.
- Buffer solutions
- Solutions prepared with different salts of phosphoric acid were chosen as buffer solutions. For this, solutions were made 0.2 M of each of the species H 2 PO 4 Na, Na 2 HPO 4 and Na PO 4 S1 from which each of the desired pH buffer solutions prepared, all 0.1 M, mixing the volumes of said solutions indicated in Table 18 below and completing with H 2 O up to 100 ml.
- the assays described in Examples 50 to 53 support the usefulness of dendrimers as transporters of drugs with a negative charge in the blood and that, in addition, the binding is reversible, the release of the drug being possible inside the drug. cell at acidic pH that is reached in the entry endosome. Transfection of cells derived from the nervous system with oligonucleotides transported by dendrimers
- SK-N-MC nerveroblastoma: ATCC HTBlO
- U87-MG astroglioma: ICLC HTL 00013
- the tests were performed with the NN (2G- [Si (O (CH 2 ) 2 N (Me) (CH 2 ) 2 NMe 3 + r)] s (26)) and NN16 C2G- [Si (O (CH) 2 ) 2 N + (Me) 2 (CH 2 ) 2 NMe 3 + 2r)] g (36)).
- Transfection assays were performed with the anti-rev RF ODN (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the culture medium was DMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum.
- cell proliferation was measured by the CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Ceil Proliferation Assay kit from Promega, which allows quantifying cell proliferation from the evaluation of cellular reducing capacity, determined from of the colorimetric change produced by the bioreduction of MTS (3- (4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl) -5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium in combination with the coupling reagent of PES electrons (phenazine ethosulfate)
- the absorbance value obtained 490 nm for the negative control was given the value of 1 and was used to refer to it the rest of the absorbances obtained.
- Fig. 30, marked “A” shows a graph with the results obtained in U87-MG cells. It is observed how the bars corresponding to the samples incubated with the dendrimers indicate a proliferation of the cells in them very similar to that of the negative control (C-), so it can be said that the NN and NN 16 dendrimers neither induce proliferation nor cause cell death after incubating them for three days with the U87-MG cell line.
- Fig. 30 shows a graph with the results obtained in SK-N-MC cells. It can be seen that both the NN and NN16 dendrimer are toxic to the cell line SK-N-MC at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M In contrast, concentrations of 1 ⁇ M and 5 ⁇ M do not produce toxicity or cell proliferation.
- Example 55 Study of the toxicity of dendrimers in U-87-MG cells - Tests with MTT A test was conducted with U-87-MG cells, in which the effect of dendrimers on the viability of these lines at different lines was studied time. For this, 15000 (24-hour incubations), 7000 (3-day incubations) or 1500 (7-day incubations) cells were plated in 96-well plates. The cells were incubated with different concentrations (1 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M and 10 ⁇ M) or of the NN dendrimer or NN16 dendrimer, for 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days.
- Fig. 31 shows the results obtained with U87-MG cells.
- the graph at the top, marked "A” corresponds to the values obtained after 24 hours of incubation;
- the graph located in the intermediate zone, marked as '"B * ' corresponds to the values obtained after 3 days of incubation;
- the graph located at the bottom, marked” C " corresponds to the values obtained after 7 days of incubation
- the cells treated with dextran, both at 24 hours and after 3 and 7 days had viability values equal to or greater than 0.8.
- the Superfect commercial dendrimer after 24 hours of incubation, results in a similar viability of the cells in any of the concentrations, equal to 0.7. This value is reduced after three days even at the lowest dose (1.25 ⁇ l), reaching a value of up to 0.4. After 7 days of incubation with Superfect, the cells are dead at any of the three doses used.
- the Polyfect dendrimer presented less toxicity than Superfect at any of the three doses tested.
- NN and NNl 6 the viability obtained at 24 hours was similar to each other and is in a range between 0.6 and 0.75 with respect to the negative control.
- Cellular viability at 3 days in the case of the NN dendrimer, decreases as the concentration increases from 0.95, to a concentration of 1 ⁇ M, to values of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ M.
- the NN 16 dendrimer it presents values close to 0.8 at any of the three concentrations studied.
- the U87-MG present viability close to or greater than that of the negative control except in the case of NN 16 at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M, whose viability is 0.7.
- Another way to assess the cellular toxicity that dendrimers can induce is by quantifying the concentration of LDH in the cell culture supernatant, which is considered a direct measure of the cytotoxicity of a particular compound or molecule and gives an idea of damage that the cells have suffered at the membrane level. Therefore, a viability test similar to that of MTT determination was performed on U87-MG cells, although in this case the viability was determined by measuring the concentration of LDH in the cell culture supernatant after 24 hours of incubation in culture medium to which dextran, the Superfect or Polyfect commercial dendrimers, the dendrimers of the invention NN or NNl 6, DMSO or Triton X-IOO had been added.
- Example 56 Toxicity studies of dendrimers in SK-N-MC cells Similar tests to those described in Example 55 for U87-MG cells were performed on SK-N-MC cells (evaluation of cell viability by tests performed with MTT and by quantification of LDH in the cell supernatant): the cells were incubated with the same compounds at the same concentrations, although in this case the MTT measurements were only made after 24 hours of incubation.
- Example 55 the absorbance values obtained in the MTT test were referenced to the negative control, obtaining the results shown in the upper part of Fig. 33 (A).
- Example 57 Transfection of U87-MG and SK-N-MC cells mediated by dendrimers 100,000 cells / well of the corresponding cell line were plated on a 24-well plate with 500 ⁇ l of medium.
- Dendriplejos was fo ⁇ naroB with the NN and NN16 dendrimers and the fluoresceinated anti-rev antisense oligonucleotide in a total volume of 75 ⁇ l of serum-free medium, in which the anti-rev oligonucleotide was mixed at a 250 nM concentration and the corresponding dendrimer in different proportions, so that different ratios load / load + were obtained: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 8. The mixture was incubated for half an hour at room temperature and subsequently added to the corresponding well to incubate the cells with the dendriplejos.
- the cells were detached from the well, washed twice with PBS, incubated for 1 minute with acid glycine to remove any debris debris that may have stuck on the cell membrane, and a final wash was performed. with PBS. Finally, the cells were resuspended in 500 ⁇ l of PBS and the amount of fluoresceinated oligonucleotide inside the cell was quantified by a flow cytometer.
- Figs. 34a and 34b show the results obtained with the U87-MG cell line.
- the graphs correspond to the results obtained with cells incubated with the oligonucleotide without dendrimer (Ctrl) or with complexes formed with one of the dendrimers and the anti-rev oligonucleotide in proportions that gave rise to the load-to-load + ratios indicated on each graph: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 8.
- Fig. 34a corresponds to the tests carried out with the NN dendrimer
- Fig. 34b corresponds to the tests carried out with the NNl 6 dendrimer.
- the graphs show that the incubation of U87-MG cells with complexes formed with a greater amount of dendrimer leads to an increase in transfection, from 19% obtained in the case of the incubation of the cells only with the oligonucleotide (Ctrl) up to 95% when incubated with the formed dendriplejo with the NN dendrimer with a load-to-load ratio + 1: 8 and 97.8% in the case of the dendriplejo formed with the NN 16 dendrimer equally with a load-to-load ratio + 1: 8.
- Fig. 35 shows the results obtained with the SK-N-MC cell line with the NNl 6 dendrimer. In this case, the maximum transfection occurs with dendriplejos formed with a load-to-load ratio + 1: 4 (82.3% ).
- the described trials support the usefulness of the carbosilane dendrimers of the invention as vehicles for increasing the transfection of polyanionic molecules such as oligonucleotides, either oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) or interfering RNA (RNAi).
- polyanionic molecules such as oligonucleotides, either oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) or interfering RNA (RNAi).
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- AIDS & HIV (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0613739-3A BRPI0613739A2 (pt) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | dendrìmeros carbosilanos, seus processos de preparação, composições e kits compreendendo os mesmos, usos dos referidos compostos e composições na manufatura de drogas |
CA002616092A CA2616092A1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | Novel carbosilane dendrimers, preparation method thereof and use of same |
EP06778464A EP1942130A4 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | NEW CARBOSILAN DENDRIMERS, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND USE THEREOF |
AU2006271626A AU2006271626A1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | Novel carbosilane dendrimers, preparation method thereof and use of same |
US11/989,157 US8603493B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | Carbosilane dendrimers, preparation method thereof and use of same |
JP2008521998A JP2009502765A (ja) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | 新規なカルボシランデンドリマー、その調製方法及びその使用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200501810A ES2265291B1 (es) | 2005-07-22 | 2005-07-22 | Nuevos dendrimeros carbosilanos, su preparacion y sus usos. |
ESP200501810 | 2005-07-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007010080A2 true WO2007010080A2 (es) | 2007-01-25 |
WO2007010080A3 WO2007010080A3 (es) | 2007-04-12 |
Family
ID=37669176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2006/070111 WO2007010080A2 (es) | 2005-07-22 | 2006-07-21 | Nuevos dendrímeros carbosilanos, su preparación y sus usos |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8603493B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1942130A4 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2009502765A (es) |
CN (1) | CN101228212A (es) |
AU (1) | AU2006271626A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BRPI0613739A2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2616092A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2265291B1 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2422474C2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2007010080A2 (es) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2365685A1 (es) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-10 | Universidad de Alcalá de Henares | Dendrímeros carbosilanos con un núcleo polifenólico y su uso como antivirales. |
JP2011527989A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2011-11-10 | ジョゼ・イー・フェール・ペレイラ・ロペス | ジャスモン酸及びその誘導体とナノキャリヤー又はミクロキャリヤー間の医薬製剤 |
US8883220B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-11-11 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Compositions of jasmonate compounds |
US10314918B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-06-11 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Jasmonate derivatives and compositions thereof |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013519711A (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2013-05-30 | ユニベルシダッド デ アルカラ デ ヘナレス(ユーエーエイチ) | カルボシランデンドリマー及び抗ウイルス剤としてのそれらの使用 |
ES2366286B1 (es) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-09-06 | Nlife Therapeutics, S.L | Nuevos dendrímeros amonio-fenóxido de estructura carbosilano y sus aplicaciones. |
EP2474829A1 (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-11 | Axetris AG | Method for determination of molecular structures and functions |
ES2392615B1 (es) * | 2011-05-14 | 2013-10-18 | Universidad De Málaga | Estructuras dendríticas bapad, basadas en la conexión repetitiva de 2,2'-bis(aminoalquil)carboxiamidas; procedimiento de obtención y aplicaciones. |
ES2392994B1 (es) * | 2011-05-18 | 2013-10-24 | Universidad De Alcalá | Dendrimeros carbosilanos catiónicos obtenidos mediante "click chemistry", su preparación y sus usos |
CN107002236B (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2019-04-05 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | 用于沉积含Si膜的碳硅烷取代的胺前体以及其方法 |
TWI716333B (zh) | 2015-03-30 | 2021-01-11 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法研究開發股份有限公司 | 碳矽烷與氨、胺類及脒類之觸媒去氫耦合 |
TWI753794B (zh) | 2016-03-23 | 2022-01-21 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法研究開發股份有限公司 | 形成含矽膜之組成物及其製法與用途 |
CN113769592B (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-06-24 | 吉林大学 | 一种季铵化改性聚芳醚膜材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3775452A (en) | 1971-04-28 | 1973-11-27 | Gen Electric | Platinum complexes of unsaturated siloxanes and platinum containing organopolysiloxanes |
ES8600240A1 (es) | 1982-10-07 | 1985-10-01 | Kefalas As | Metodo para preparar derivados de fenilindeno |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE789399A (fr) * | 1971-09-29 | 1973-03-28 | Dow Corning | Inhibition de la croissance de bacteries et de champignons a l'aide de silylpropylamines et de derives de celles-ci |
GB9407812D0 (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1994-06-15 | Nycomed Salutar Inc | Compounds |
US5677410A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-10-14 | Bayer Ag | Carbosilane-dendrimers, carbosilane-hybrid materials, methods for manufacturing them and a method for manufacturing coatings from the carbosilane-dendrimers |
DE19812881A1 (de) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-10-07 | Bayer Ag | Neue dendrimere Verbindungen, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung als Katalysatoren |
US6184313B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-02-06 | National Research Council Of Canada | Hybrid silane dendrimer-star polymers |
WO2002002588A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Japan Science And Technology Corporation | Composes dendrimeres de type carbosilane contenant des chaines glucidiques, son procede de production et agents neutralisants et antiviraux de la verotoxine |
GB0125216D0 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2001-12-12 | Univ Strathclyde | Dendrimers for use in targeted delivery |
US20040009500A1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2004-01-15 | Chimera Biotec Gmbh | Items with activated surface used for immobilisation of macromolecules and procedures for the production of such items |
WO2006058034A2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-01 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Molecular self-assembly in substrate processing |
-
2005
- 2005-07-22 ES ES200501810A patent/ES2265291B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-07-21 US US11/989,157 patent/US8603493B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-21 AU AU2006271626A patent/AU2006271626A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-21 EP EP06778464A patent/EP1942130A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-07-21 BR BRPI0613739-3A patent/BRPI0613739A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-21 CA CA002616092A patent/CA2616092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-21 JP JP2008521998A patent/JP2009502765A/ja active Pending
- 2006-07-21 WO PCT/ES2006/070111 patent/WO2007010080A2/es active Application Filing
- 2006-07-21 RU RU2008106762/04A patent/RU2422474C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-21 CN CNA2006800268714A patent/CN101228212A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3775452A (en) | 1971-04-28 | 1973-11-27 | Gen Electric | Platinum complexes of unsaturated siloxanes and platinum containing organopolysiloxanes |
ES8600240A1 (es) | 1982-10-07 | 1985-10-01 | Kefalas As | Metodo para preparar derivados de fenilindeno |
Non-Patent Citations (79)
Title |
---|
"Dendrimers and Dendrons: Concepts, Syntheses, Applications", 2001, WILEY |
"Polymer Science", 2001, J. WILEY & SONS, article "Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers" |
A. QUINTANA ET AL., PHARM RES, vol. 19, no. 9, 2002, pages 1310 - 1316 |
A. U. BIELINSKA ET AL., BIOCONJUGATE CHEM, vol. 10, 1999, pages 843 - 850 |
A. W. KLEIJ ET AL., CHEM. EUR. J., vol. 7, 2001, pages 181 - 192 |
A. W. VAN DER MADE ET AL., ADV. MATER, vol. 5, 1993, pages 466 - 468 |
A. W. VAN DER MADE; P. W. N.M. VAN LEEUWEN, J. CHEM. SOC., CHEM. COMMUN., 1992, pages 1400 - 1401 |
A.S. CHAUHAN ET AL., J. CONTROL. REL., vol. 90, 2003, pages 335 - 343 |
ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED., vol. 38, 1999, pages 884 - 905 |
B. H. ZINSELMEYER ET AL., PHARM. RES, vol. 19, 2002, pages 960 - 967 |
B. LUHMANN; H. LANG; K. BRUNING, PHOSPH. SULF. SILIC. RELAT. ELEMENT, vol. 168, 2001, pages 481 - 484 |
B. TAVITIAN., GUT, vol. 52, no. IV, 2003, pages IV40 - IV47 |
C. GIOVANNANGELI ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI., vol. 94, January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 79 - 84 |
C. KIM; 1. JUNG, J. ORGANOMET. CHEM., vol. 588, 1999, pages 9 - 19 |
C. KIM; 1. JUNG, J. ORGANOMET. CHEM., vol. 599, 2000, pages 208 - 215 |
C. LOUP ET AL., CHEM EUR. J, vol. 5, 1999, pages 3644 - 3650 |
C.A. MORENO ET AL., VACCINE, vol. 18, no. 1-2, 1999, pages 89 - 99 |
C.Z. CHEN ET AL., BIOMACROMOLECULES, vol. 1, no. 3, 2000, pages 473 - 480 |
C.Z. CHEN; Y S.L. COOPER, BIOMATERIALS, vol. 23, 2002, pages 3359 - 3368 |
CORRECTION, vol. 12, no. 4, 1978, pages 417 |
D. ASTRUC; F. CHARDAC, CHEM. REV., vol. 101, 2001, pages 2991 - 3023 |
D. SEYFERTH ET AL., ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 13, 1994, pages 2682 - 2690 |
D.J. SELKOE, SCIENCE, vol. 275, no. 5300, 1997, pages 630 - 631 |
D.M. KLINMAN DM., EXPERT OPIN BIOL THER, vol. 4, no. 6, June 2004 (2004-06-01), pages 937 - 46 |
DA JABS ET AL., AM J OPHTHALMOL, vol. 133, no. 4, April 2002 (2002-04-01), pages 552 - 6 |
F. AULENTA; W. HAYES; S. RANNARD, EUR. POLYM. J., vol. 39, 2003, pages 1741 - 1771 |
G MCLACHLAN ET AL., GENE THER, vol. 7, no. 5, March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 384 - 92 |
G. E. OSSTEROM ET AL., ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED, vol. 40, 2001, pages 1828 - 1849 |
HACEIN-BEY-ABINA S. ET AL., N ENGL J MED, vol. 348, no. 3, 16 January 2003 (2003-01-16), pages 255 |
HAMILTON, M.A.; R.C. RUSSO; Y R.V. THURSTON, ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL, vol. 11, no. 7, 1977, pages 714 - 719 |
I. CUADRADO ET AL.: "Advances in Dendritic Macromolecules", vol. 3, 1999, PRESS INC: GREENWICH CT, pages: 151 - 191 |
J. DENNIG, TOP. CURR. CHEM, vol. 228, 2003, pages 227 - 236 |
J. DENNIG; E. DUNCAN, REV. MOL. BIOTECH, vol. 90, 2002, pages 339 - 347 |
J. HAENSLER; F. C. SZOKA JR., BIOCONJUGATE CHEM, vol. 4, 1993, pages 372 - 379 |
J. HARDY Y DJ SELKOE, SCIENCE, vol. 297, 2002, pages 353 - 356 |
J. ROOVERS; P.M. TOPOROWSKI; L.L. ZHOU, POLYM. PREP. (J AM. CHEM SOC., DIV. POLYM. CHEM., vol. 33, 1992, pages 182 |
J.C. SPETZLER; Y J.P. TAM, PEPT RES, vol. 9, no. 6, 1996, pages 290 - 296 |
J.F.G.A. JANSEN; E.W. MEIJER; E.M.M. DE BRABANDER-VAN DEN BERG, MACROMOL. SYMP., vol. 102, 1996, pages 27 - 33 |
J.L. SPEIER; J.A. WEBSTER; G.H. BARNES, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC, vol. 79, 1957, pages 974 |
K. KONO; M. LIU Y J.M. FRECHET, BIOCONJUG CHEM, vol. 10, no. 6, 1999, pages 1115 - 1121 |
K. LORENZ ET AL., MACROMOLECULES, vol. 28, 1995, pages 6657 - 6661 |
K. SADLER; Y J.P. TAM, JBIOTECHNOL, vol. 90, no. 3-4, 2002, pages 195 - 229 |
L. L. ZHOU; J. ROOVERS, MACROMOLECULES, vol. 26, 1993, pages 963 - 968 |
M WITVROUW ET AL., MOL PHARMACOL., vol. 58, 2000, pages 1100 - 1108 |
M. FISCHER; F. VÖGTLE, ANGEW. CHEM., vol. 111, 1999, pages 934 - 955 |
M. OHRAKI ET AL., BIOCONJUGATE CHEM., vol. 13, 2002, pages 510 - 517 |
M. VEITH; R. ELSÄSSER; R. P. KRUGER, ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 18, 1999, pages 656 - 661 |
M. WITVROUW ET AL., MED CHEM, vol. 43, no. 5, 2000, pages 778 - 783 |
N. BOURNE ET AL., ANTIMICROB AGENTS CHEMOTHER, vol. 44, no. 9, 2000, pages 2471 - 2474 |
N. MALIK ET AL., J. CONTROL., REL, vol. 65, 2000, pages 133 - 148 |
N. MALIK; E.G. EVAGOROU Y R. DUNCAN, ANTICANCER DRUGS, vol. 57, 1999, pages 249 - 257 |
N. NISHIYAMA ET AL., BIOCONJUG CHEM, vol. 14, no. 1, 2003, pages 58 - 66 |
N. SATO ET AL., CLIN CANCER RES, vol. 7, no. 11, November 2001 (2001-11-01), pages 3606 - 12 |
O. SEKSEK ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 271, no. 26, 1996, pages 15542 - 15548 |
P. FISET; A.S. GOUNNI, REVIEWS IN BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 2, May 2001 (2001-05-01), pages 27 - 33 |
P. L. FELGNER ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI., vol. 84, 1987, pages 7413 - 7417 |
P. VEPREK Y J. JEZEK, JPEPT SCI, vol. 5, no. 5, 1999, pages 203 - 220 |
R. HOGREFE, ANTISENSE AND NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT, vol. 9, 1999, pages 351 - 357 |
R. ROY, CURR. OPIN. STRUCT. BIOL., vol. 6, 1996, pages 692 - 702 |
R. ROY; M.G. BAEK; K. RITTENHOUSE-OLSON, J. AM. CHEM. SOCJ., vol. 123, 2001, pages 1809 - 1816 |
R.A. BENKESER; J. KANG, J. ORGANOMET. CHEM., vol. 185, 1980, pages C9 |
R.F. MURPHY ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 98, 1984, pages 1757 - 1762 |
S. AGRAWAL ET AL., INT J ONCOL, vol. 21, no. 1, July 2002 (2002-07-01), pages 65 - 72 |
S. ANDRE ET AL., CHEMBIOCHEM, vol. 2, no. 11, 2001, pages 822 - 830 |
S. ARÉVALO ET AL., ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 20, 2001, pages 2583 - 2592 |
S. E. STIRIBA; H. FREY, R. HAAG, ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED, vol. 41, 2002, pages 1329 - 1334 |
S. M. GRAYSON; J. M. J. FRÉCHET, CHEM. REV., vol. 101, 2001, pages 3819 - 3867 |
S. OTA ET AL., CANCER RES, vol. 62, no. 5, 2002, pages 1471 - 1476 |
S. SHUKLA ET AL., BIOCONJUGATE CHEM, vol. 14, 2003, pages 158 - 167 |
S. SUPATTAPONE ET AL., PNAS, vol. 96, no. 25, 7 December 1999 (1999-12-07), pages 14529 - 14534 |
S. W. KRSKA; D. SEYFERTH, J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 120, 1998, pages 3604 - 3612 |
S.H. BATTAH ET AL., BIOCONJUG CHEM, vol. 12, no. 6, 2001, pages 980 - 988 |
SATO ET AL., CLIN CANCER RES, vol. 7, no. 11, November 2001 (2001-11-01), pages 3606 - 12 |
T. NIDOME ET AL., J. PEP.SCI, 2000, pages 271 - 279 |
T. V. CHIRILA ET AL., BIOMATERIALS, vol. 23, 2002, pages 321 - 342 |
T.P. DEVASAGAYAM Y J.P. KAMAT, INDIAN JEXP BIOL, vol. 40, no. 6, 2002, pages 680 - 692 |
U. BOAS; P. M. H. HEEGAARD, CHEM. SOC. REV, vol. 33, 2003, pages 43 - 63 |
V. LE BERRE ET AL., NUCL. ACIDS RES., vol. 31, 2003, pages E88 |
Y. GONG ET AL., ANTIVIRAL RES, vol. 55, no. 2, 2002, pages 319 - 329 |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011527989A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2011-11-10 | ジョゼ・イー・フェール・ペレイラ・ロペス | ジャスモン酸及びその誘導体とナノキャリヤー又はミクロキャリヤー間の医薬製剤 |
JP2014237688A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2014-12-18 | ジョゼ・イー・フェール・ペレイラ・ロペス | ジャスモン酸及びその誘導体とナノキャリヤー又はミクロキャリヤー間の医薬製剤 |
JP2016216496A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2016-12-22 | ジョゼ・イー・フェール・ペレイラ・ロペス | ジャスモン酸及びその誘導体とナノキャリヤー又はミクロキャリヤー間の医薬製剤 |
JP2018030868A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2018-03-01 | ジョゼ・イー・フェール・ペレイラ・ロペス | ジャスモン酸及びその誘導体とナノキャリヤー又はミクロキャリヤー間の医薬製剤 |
ES2365685A1 (es) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-10 | Universidad de Alcalá de Henares | Dendrímeros carbosilanos con un núcleo polifenólico y su uso como antivirales. |
US8883220B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-11-11 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Compositions of jasmonate compounds |
US9592305B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-03-14 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Compositions of jasmonate compounds and methods of use |
US10328155B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2019-06-25 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Compositions of jasmonate compounds and methods of use |
US10314918B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-06-11 | Nanocare Technologies, Inc. | Jasmonate derivatives and compositions thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2008106762A (ru) | 2009-08-27 |
CA2616092A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US20100034789A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
RU2422474C2 (ru) | 2011-06-27 |
ES2265291B1 (es) | 2008-03-01 |
EP1942130A4 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
BRPI0613739A2 (pt) | 2011-02-01 |
ES2265291A1 (es) | 2007-02-01 |
AU2006271626A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
CN101228212A (zh) | 2008-07-23 |
WO2007010080A3 (es) | 2007-04-12 |
US8603493B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
JP2009502765A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
EP1942130A2 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ES2265291B1 (es) | Nuevos dendrimeros carbosilanos, su preparacion y sus usos. | |
Pedziwiatr-Werbicka et al. | Dendrimers and hyperbranched structures for biomedical applications | |
Paleos et al. | Molecular engineering of dendritic polymers and their application as drug and gene delivery systems | |
Liu et al. | Structurally flexible triethanolamine core PAMAM dendrimers are effective nanovectors for DNA transfection in vitro and in vivo to the mouse thymus | |
CN107849567A (zh) | 一种siRNA、含有该siRNA的药物组合物和缀合物及它们的应用 | |
CA2205486A1 (en) | Polynucleotide compositions | |
JP2009532564A (ja) | 生分解性のカチオン性ポリマー | |
Cheng et al. | The effect of guanidinylation of PEGylated poly (2-aminoethyl methacrylate) on the systemic delivery of siRNA | |
Arnaiz et al. | Synthesis of cationic carbosilane dendrimers via click chemistry and their use as effective carriers for DNA transfection into cancerous cells | |
de Las Cuevas et al. | In vitro studies of water-stable cationic carbosilane dendrimers as delivery vehicles for gene therapy against HIV and hepatocarcinoma | |
CN103665384A (zh) | 新型阳离子接枝共聚物及多重复合非病毒基因载体制备方法和应用 | |
Wang et al. | Functionalized O-carboxymethyl-chitosan/polyethylenimine based novel dual pH-responsive nanocarriers for controlled co-delivery of DOX and genes | |
Zavradashvili et al. | Library of cationic polymers composed of polyamines and arginine as gene transfection agents | |
US9278075B2 (en) | Particle composition and pharmaceutical composition using particle composition | |
Shcharbin et al. | Recent patents in dendrimers for nanomedicine: evolution 2014 | |
WO2020172642A1 (en) | Peptide-functionalized biodegradable polymers for efficient delivery of various rnas | |
US10858484B2 (en) | Biodegradable dendritic structure, methods and uses thereof | |
Shao et al. | Hydrogen-bonding dramatically modulates the gene transfection efficacy of surface-engineered dendrimers | |
Sharma et al. | Dendrimers for drug delivery | |
WO2014016460A1 (es) | Compuestos dendríticos carbosilanos homo y hetero-funcionalizados | |
Pippa et al. | Advanced nanocarriers for an antitumor peptide | |
WO2012017119A2 (es) | Vectores no virales para terapia génica | |
Spain | Cationic carbosilane dendrimers as Non-viral vectors of nucleic acids (oligonucleotide or siRNA) for gene therapy purposes | |
ES2919864T3 (es) | Derivados de poliamina hidroxilada como reactivos de transfección | |
Dung et al. | Preparation of Pluronic Grafted Dendritic α,∈-poly (L-lysine) s and Characterization as a Delivery Adjuvant of Antisense Oligonucleotide |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/a/2008/000830 Country of ref document: MX Ref document number: 2006271626 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008521998 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 2616092 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200680026871.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006271626 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20060721 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006271626 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008106762 Country of ref document: RU Ref document number: 2006778464 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006778464 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11989157 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0613739 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20080122 |