WO2007007668A1 - 尿毒症改善のための治療剤および処置方法 - Google Patents
尿毒症改善のための治療剤および処置方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007007668A1 WO2007007668A1 PCT/JP2006/313572 JP2006313572W WO2007007668A1 WO 2007007668 A1 WO2007007668 A1 WO 2007007668A1 JP 2006313572 W JP2006313572 W JP 2006313572W WO 2007007668 A1 WO2007007668 A1 WO 2007007668A1
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- renal failure
- uremia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
- A61K31/5578—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a pentalene ring system, e.g. carbacyclin, iloprost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
- A61K31/558—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having heterocyclic rings containing oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. thromboxanes
- A61K31/5585—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having heterocyclic rings containing oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. thromboxanes having five-membered rings containing oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. prostacyclin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/12—Antidiuretics, e.g. drugs for diabetes insipidus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/93—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with a ring other than six-membered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent and a treatment method for improving uremia in patients with chronic renal failure that are difficult to treat.
- Uremia is a syndrome showing various clinical symptoms caused by abnormal function expression of various organs and tissues caused by harmful components of urine accumulated in blood. Regardless of the underlying disease, it develops when kidney function fails and urine cannot be discharged from the body.
- Clinical symptoms of uremia include, for example, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, halitosis, stomatitis, enterocolitis, etc.
- Erythrocyte hematopoiesis hypertension, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis and other circulatory system abnormalities, pigmentation, irritation, skin abnormalities such as subcutaneous bleeding, etc.
- Uremia is caused by uremic substances that accumulate in the blood.
- uremic substances such as methyldanidine, indole compounds, malondialdehyde, creatine, 13-aminoisobutyric acid, transketolase inhibitors, polyamines, lipolytic inhibitors, urea, and phenols. It is considered (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
- Activated carbon preparations are used internally.
- the action mechanism of activated charcoal is Due to the adsorption and extracorporeal discharge of various and various uremic substances. Therefore, although activated charcoal preparation therapy is referred to as an internal medicine, it can be regarded as a physical treatment means as in dialysis therapy described later.
- Activated charcoal preparations have problems such as limited therapeutic effects, difficulty in taking, and strong tendency to induce constipation.
- Dialysis is regarded as the most effective treatment for uremia. In fact, if the uremic substance is discharged out of the body by dialysis therapy, the death of the patient due to the uremic substance is avoided even if the renal function is abolished.
- complications from dialysis therapy are a new problem. For example, complications from long-term dialysis include anemia, renal osteodystrophy, renal cancer, epicarditis, aluminum osteosis, amyloidosis, crystalline arthritis, and polycystic kidney disease.
- there are medical and economic problems such as a decrease in the quality of life of patients who frequently visit dialysis facilities and the high costs.
- Uremia is a syndrome that develops as renal failure progresses.
- Non-Patent Document 3 states that “many different and sometimes confusing terms are used to describe renal function and its illness,” defining related terms and clearly distinguishing them. Separated. In other words, “renal failure is a condition in which renal function declines and abnormalities (hypernitremia and decreased urine concentration ability) persist, and organ function rather than a specific disease.
- ⁇ Means level '' and ⁇ uremia '' is defined separately from ⁇ the presence of urine in the blood ''
- Non-Patent Document 2 uremia and renal failure are both defined as “symptoms” as “serious disease groups”.
- Renal failure is also classified into two different syndromes, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure.
- Acute renal failure develops rapidly, but renal dysfunction is often reversible.
- effective drugs and treatment methods already exist, and even if the cause is removed, the patient's renal function often returns to normal.
- Non- Patent Document 6 Showed a reduction in urinary albumin excretion by using a rat glomerulonephritis model, and that the pre-nephritic drug administration precautions also prevented the onset of nephritis by prophylactic administration of beraprost sodium.
- Stier et al. Spontaneously hypertensive rats
- the administration of Belabolost sodium at the same time as the supply of saline and special diet to induce hypertension prevents the development of glomerulonephritis from the urinary protein excretion and renal glomerular histology.
- Non-Patent Document 7 In addition, it has been reported that administration of beraprost sodium reduces urinary microalbumin in diabetic nephropathy patients (Non-patent Document 8).
- PGI prostaglandin I derivatives
- Non-patent Document 9 Nephrectomy and high sodium and high protein loads.
- Non-Patent Document 10 iloprost, a PGI derivative, is used to induce nephritis.
- Non-patent Document 11 Proteinuria is caused by a decrease in the function of high molecular weight kidney. For this reason, proteinuria is a good indicator of glomerular function, an aspect of kidney function, but it does not immediately determine the severity of uremia. Proteinuria is a good indicator of early stages in glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy, but in chronic renal failure, proteinuria is no longer a good indicator because the filtration function for low molecular weight substances is reduced. . In addition, all of the above are prophylactic effects because of the administration of PGI derivatives, which are pre-nephrotic onset of nephritis.
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a kidney disease that develops due to thrombotic microangiopathy. HUS literally presents uremia as a clinical symptom. In one case of HUS, Series et al. Administered iloprost, a PGI derivative, for renal failure.
- Non-patent document 13 HUS is a syndrome derived from the above-mentioned easily recoverable acute renal failure, recovery is not expected, and uremia in patients with chronic renal failure whose physical homeostasis is significantly reduced is related to drugs and treatment methods It is a completely different condition that is resistant. Therefore, even in this report, there is no description about the possibility of adaptation to the treatment of uremia in patients with chronic renal failure, a more serious syndrome.
- Patent Document 14 Even in vitro, there is a report that there is a decrease in the ability to produce PGI in vascular endothelial cells of the kidney, which is related to the onset of HUS (Non-patent Document 15) and what
- Non-Patent Document 16 There is a report that there is no change (Non-Patent Document 16). That is, for PGI derivative HUS
- Chronic renal failure accounts for 30% of all diseases in cats over 15 years of age, and is the leading cause of death in cats (see Non-patent Document 18, for example). Furthermore, when a cat is brought to a veterinary hospital, it is a very advanced chronic renal failure state and is very often accompanied by uremia.
- Urinary symptoms in cats are expressed as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased activity, polyuria, mouth ulcers, and the like. Anorexia and insufficient water intake due to mouth ulcers can cause dehydration and constipation. As the disease progresses further, anemia, erythropoiesis disorders, appetite abolishment, and depression are observed, as well as brain and neuropathy caused by uremic toxins. As described above, the progression of the pathology of chronic renal failure and the variety of uremic symptoms that accompany it are the same as in humans.
- Cats with advanced uremia are prone to dehydration, and as a symptomatic treatment, intravenous and subcutaneous infusion fluids are also used for hydration and dilution of uremic substances (examples)
- uremic substances examples
- Hematopoietic erythropoietin is also given for anemia in uremic cats. Since an appetite often falls due to anemia, in some cases, an appetite-enhancing treatment is also performed in parallel.
- symptomatic treatments appropriate to the symptoms are often used to improve symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis.
- the individual symptomatic treatment selected for these uremic symptoms is similar to that for human uremic patients. Cats differ from other animals in drug metabolism.
- acetaminophen which can be used safely in humans, causes severe side effects (acetoaminophen poisoning) in cats.
- many antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents are listed as cautions.
- cats with uremia symptoms the maintenance function of body homeostasis is in a state of lowering, so it is necessary to pay sufficient attention and consideration to drug usage and dosage.
- activated carbon preparations are used in the treatment of urticaria, cats and nuuria.
- the drug name for humans is Kremezin and for animal drugs is COVALZIN. It is a treatment method that is administered orally every day to adsorb substances that cause uremia in the gastrointestinal tract and excrete them together with feces.
- there are difficulties such as concerns about removal of useful substances due to nonspecific substance adsorption.
- kidney transplantation can also be carried out in cats as a fundamental solution to chronic chronic renal failure and uremia, but it is an expensive treatment that has not been widely used.
- animal uremia and human uremia are on the same line in various aspects such as the pathology of chronic renal failure, clinical symptoms of concomitant uremic disease, treatment methods, and symptomatic treatment. Furthermore, since it has treatment problems similar to those of humans, it is desirable to create a patient animal client (owner), veterinarian power to treat, excellent uremic treatment methods, and therapeutic agents.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Vanholder, R. et al., Kidney International, 63, 1934-1943, 2003
- Non-Patent Document 2 Grauer, GF, PART 5, Chapter 44, Urology, p622, In: Small Animal Internal Medicine (Japanese version), RW Nelson, CG Couto supervision, Hasegawa Atsuhiko, Enomoto Motomoto, Inter Zoo, Tokyo, 2002
- Non-patent document 3 Yasushi Asano, VII Chronic renal failure, nephrology (Kurokawa Kiyoshi), p345, Nanedo, Tokyo, 2 001
- Non-Patent Document 4 Koide Keizo, 1: Renal failure is pharmacotherapy for chronic renal failure (Keizo Koide, Susumu Takahashi), Pl, Tokyo Medical, Tokyo, 2000
- Non-patent document 5 Utsunomiya, Y. et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol, 99, 454-460, 1995
- Non-patent document 6 Kushiro, M. et al., Kidney International, 53, 1314-1320, 1998
- Patent Document 7 Stier, CT et al., J. Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 30, 285-293, 19
- Non-Patent Document 8 Owada, A. et al., Nephron, 92 (4): 788-796, 2002
- Non-Patent Document 9 Robles, RG et al., J Hypertens SuppL, 11, Suppl 5: S208-S209, 199 Three
- Non-Patent Document 10 Villa, E. et al., Am. J. Hypertens., 6, 253-257, 1993
- Non-Patent Document l l Poelstra, K. et al "Am. J. Pathol, 142, 441-450, 1993
- Patent Document 12 Fujita, T. et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, Oct; 6
- Non-Patent Document 13 Series, C. et al "Rev. Med. Interne., 17, 76-78, 1996
- Non-Patent Document 14 Siegler, R. et al "Nephron, 92, 363-368, 2002
- Non-Patent Document 15 Mitra, D. et al "Blood, 89, 1224-1234, 1997
- Non-Patent Document 16 Adler, S. and Bollu, R. Kidney & Blood Pressure Research, 21, 13-2 1, 1998
- Non-patent literature 17 D3 ⁇ 4artola, SP et al., J. Am. Vet. Assoc., 190, 1196-1202, 1987
- Non-patent literature 18 Lulich, J. et al., The Compendium Continuing Education, 14, 127-15 2 , 1992
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-163023
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-053672
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 00Z067748 Pamphlet
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is not only a physical uremic substance adsorption / extraction means that can solve the above-mentioned problems, but also can be taken easily and has high side effects with fewer side effects.
- the present invention provides:
- Tylene is an integer of 1 to 6
- R 3 is a cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or a substituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 3 carbon atoms of R 4
- R 4 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- n is an integer from 1 to 5
- Ar 1 is phenol, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ —naphthyl, 2 pyridyl, 3 pyridyl, 4 pyridyl, a-furyl, ⁇ -furyl, a-cell, / 3 —Chenyl or substituted phenyl, where the substituent is at least one chlorine, bromine
- R 7 is hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or aralkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, p is an integer of 1 to 5, or
- R 9 is hydrogen, linear alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl alkylene having 4 to 13 carbon atoms, phenol, substitution Phenyl (wherein the substituent is as defined in (A) 5) above), 7 to 12 aralkyl or —SO 2 R 1G , R 1G is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, 3 carbon atoms ⁇ 12 Siku
- Y is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, formyl, methoxy or nitro,
- B is X—C (RU) (R 12 ) OR 13 , wherein R 11 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 13 is hydrogen, acyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, carbon number 6 ⁇ 15 aroyl, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1 ethoxyethyl or t-butyl,
- R 12 is
- Ar 2 is phenol, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, or at least one of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, Phenyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, nitro, silane-containing methoxy, phenol and phenoxy,
- R 14 is a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms t 2t t 2t
- R 17 represents straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- E is hydrogen or —OR 18 , where R 18 is an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkyl having 7 to 15 carbon atoms. Or R 2 (where R 2 is the same as defined above),
- a therapeutic agent for uremia in patients with chronic renal failure which contains a compound represented by
- R 1 is COOR 2 , where R 2 is hydrogen or a pharmacologically acceptable cation, A is — (CH 2) —, where m is an integer from 1 to 3,
- Y is hydrogen
- B is X—. 11 ) (R 12 ) OR 13 , where 1 and R 13 are hydrogen,
- R 12 is — CH — C ⁇ C— R 17 , where u is an integer from 1 to 7, and CH is a linear or branched al u 2u u 2u
- R 17 is linear alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- E is hydrogen or OR 2 (where R 2 is the same as defined above),
- R 2 is the same as defined above
- R 1 is COOR 2 , where R 2 is hydrogen or sodium ion,
- A is one (CH), where m is 3,
- Y is hydrogen
- B is X—. 11 ) (R 12 ) OR 13 , where 1 and R 13 are hydrogen,
- R 12 is —CHC ⁇ C—R 17 , where u is 3, CH is branched alkylene, R 17 is methyl, u 2u u 2u
- E is OH, The therapeutic agent for uremia in chronic renal failure patients according to 1,
- a method for improving uremia symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure comprising administering to the patient a compound represented by the general formula (I) according to any one of items 1 to 3,
- the invention's effect [0036]
- the effect of the present invention is a clear reduction of uremic symptoms that can be grasped as clinical symptoms, which are recognized despite the fact that renal failure is progressing, especially despite a decrease in renal function. Its remarkable effect in cats, a suitable model for determining uremia, is comparable to the therapeutic effect obtained by dialysis therapy in human uremic patients.
- FIG. 1 Effect of beraprost sodium on heart rate of healthy cats. Beraprost sodium was administered orally at the dose shown in the figure. Significant difference test was performed by t-test (two groups). * p ⁇ 0.05, * * p ⁇ 0.01
- FIG. 2 Effect of beraprost sodium on blood pressure (actual value) of healthy cats. Beraprost sodium was orally administered at the dose shown in the figure.
- A Action of beraprost sodium on systolic blood pressure.
- B Action of beraprost sodium on diastolic blood pressure.
- C Effect of beraprost sodium on pulse pressure.
- FIG. 3 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (case A, beraprost sodium alone).
- the open bars in Fig. 3 (a) are the administration period of beraprost sodium only. None was administered after the administration was completed, and a test was conducted in the 6th month after the administration of beraprost sodium, and no normal uremic symptoms were observed, and the normal range of renal function markers was maintained. Chronic renal failure itself was cured by sodium administration alone.
- A Improvement effect of uremic symptoms (clinical symptoms) by administration of beraprostnatrium alone on chronic renal failure cat (Case-A). The horizontal axis is the number of months after beraprost sodium administration.
- B Change in BUN, which is a renal function marker after administration of beraprost sodium.
- C By administration of beraprost sodium Changes in serum Cre, a renal function marker.
- FIG.4 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (case-B, beraprost sodium alone)
- the horizontal axis is the number of months after beraprost sodium administration. Open bars in Figure (a) indicate the period of administration of beraprost sodium alone.
- FIG. 5 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (Case C, beraprost sodium alone). Open bars in Figure (a) indicate the period of administration of beraprost sodium alone.
- C Change in serum Cre value that is a renal function marker by administration of beraprost sodium.
- FIG. 6 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (case D, beraprost sodium alone). Open bars in Figure (a) indicate the period of administration of beraprost sodium alone.
- C Change in serum Cre value that is a renal function marker by administration of beraprost sodium.
- uremic symptoms (clinical symptoms) by administration of beraprost sodium for cats with chronic renal failure (Case-F). The horizontal axis is the number of months after administration of beraprost sodium.
- B Transition of BUN value, which is a renal function marker after administration of beraprost sodium.
- C Change in serum Cre value, a renal function marker, by administration of beraprost sodium.
- FIG. 9 Administration of beraprost sodium to dogs with chronic renal failure (case-H, beraprost sodium alone).
- the dot bar indicates the treatment period when the activated carbon preparation (Kovarzine) is administered alone
- the open bar indicates the treatment period of force by stopping the administration of the activated charcoal preparation and switching to beraprost sodium alone. Improvement of uremic symptoms was difficult during the two months of administration of Kovardin alone, but after the start of beraprost sodium administration, the uremic symptoms were quickly improved and improved, and the clinical score reached a perfect score. During this time, however, the renal failure marker Cre continued to rise. During the administration of beraprost sodium, no adverse effects such as vomiting and diarrhea were observed.
- A Improvement effect of uremic symptoms (clinical symptoms) by administration of beraprost sodium in dogs with chronic renal failure (Case-H). The horizontal axis shows the observation period (months).
- B Transition of BUN value, which is a renal function marker after administration of beraprostonium.
- C Change in serum Cre value as a renal function marker by administration of beraprost sodium.
- COOH, COONa, and COOMe are preferable, and COONa is particularly preferable.
- Y is particularly preferred for hydrogen
- B is represented by —X—C (RU) (R 12 ) OR 13 , where hydrogen is particularly preferred as R 1 and R 13.
- E is particularly preferably OH.
- Preferred specific compounds of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include 16-methyl-18, 18, 19, 19-tetradehydro-1,5,6,7 trinoluene 4,8-inter m-phenol. Diene P GI (generic name beraprost), 16-methinore 18, 18, 19, 19—tetradehydro 5, 6, 7
- the compound represented by the general formula (I), particularly beraprost sodium is stable for a long period of time, and also has high availability in oral administration. For this reason, patients with renal diseases, particularly those with chronic kidney diseases, are required to take it for a long time, and are particularly preferred.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Chronic renal failure in the present invention means an abnormal function of the kidney in which the number of functioning nephrons decreases, the excretion of nitrogen metabolites becomes insufficient, and the homeostatic environment cannot be maintained. A state that lasts for a long time. Specifically, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cre) levels in the blood show a persistent increase! /, Can be a syndrome! This definition is essentially equivalent to the textbook definition given in the background section. More specifically, the enzymatic method (Tomoko Ohara, Tadashi Kawai and Dialysis Vol. 39 1995.10) Therefore, chronic renal failure can be determined when the serum creatine value measured is 1.4 mg / dL or more. However, if the Cre value that has been increased is decreased by existing treatments such as dialysis treatment, it may be judged that chronic renal failure is present even if the Cre value is lower.
- Examples of the primary diseases of chronic renal failure include kidney stones, urinary tract obstruction, diabetic nephropathy, acute glomerulonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, nephropathy due to infection, Examples include lupus nephritis, interstitial nephritis, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, cirrhosis, hepatic edema, and congestive heart failure.
- chronic glomerulonephritis microglomerular change nephritis, focal Z-segmental glomerulonephritis, diffuse glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse endovascular proliferative nephritis, crescent formation It is also effective for uremia, with nephritis, diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis, and IgA nephropathy as the primary disease.
- the uremia referred to in the present invention means that waste products cannot be removed from the blood as the renal failure progresses, so nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased activity, diarrhea Symptom or at least one selected from the group consisting of dyspolyuria, mouth ulcer, gastrointestinal tract disorder, urinary retention, brain / neuropathy, cardiovascular disorder, anemia, erythropoiesis disorder, skin symptoms and ocular symptoms I have a syndrome.
- ⁇ uremic disease is defined more simply as ⁇ the situation where urine is present in the blood '' '', and the above symptoms may be defined by giving another name ⁇ uremia syndrome ''.
- uremia referred to in the present invention includes various symptoms defined by this uremic syndrome.
- specific symptoms of uremia include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased activity, polyuria, oral ulcers, anemia, erythropoiesis disorder, loss of appetite, depression, Brain, neuropathy, etc., which can be detected by one or more of these symptoms. Therefore, the therapeutic agent of the present invention provides a therapeutic agent for uremia in patients with chronic renal failure as defined above.
- the uremic substances are detoxified or removed by the compound of the general formula (I), but the mechanism is unknown, but the organic regeneration of the kidneys occurs, and there is a departure from renal failure itself. Therefore, this viewpoint is also meaningful for monitoring serum Cre and BUN levels during treatment.
- the patient to whom the therapeutic agent of the present invention is effective is not particularly limited, and may be any subject as long as it is determined to be uremia due to chronic renal failure in the above definition, but is preferably a mammal, more preferably a cat. Inu or human. Above all, for cats suffering from uremia due to chronic renal failure
- the recovered renal function maintained a completely normal value even after a long period of time had elapsed after 6 months of administration of the test substance, and was in good health even in the general state. It is extremely significant that these findings were obtained in uremic cases in cats with chronic renal failure that occurred spontaneously, not in any animal model of renal failure.
- the dose of the compound represented by the general formula (I) which is the active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is usually 0.01 ⁇ g / kg to 600 mg / kg as a single dose, preferably More preferably, 0.01 ⁇ g / kg to 6 OmgZkg is 0.01 / ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 to 10 ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, more preferably 0.03 / ⁇ 13 ⁇ 4 to 3111 8 713 ⁇ 4, most preferably 0 .: gZkg ⁇ : LmgZkg.
- this dose may be administered chronically for 1 to 4 times a day for 7 days or more, preferably 30 days or more, but is not limited thereto.
- Various dosage forms can be used as the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Specifically, for oral administration, tablets, powders, fine granules, granules, tablets, liquids, syrups, Capsule, pill, and spray. Furthermore, film coating of molded products It can also be sugar-coated or filled with capsules. Preferable examples include tablets, powders, fine granules, granules, tablets, liquids, syrups, and capsules. In addition, other solutes that can be administered parenterally in the form of a bactericidal solution or the like, such as sodium chloride or glucose sufficient to make the solution isotonic, can also be used.
- a bactericidal solution or the like such as sodium chloride or glucose sufficient to make the solution isotonic
- the therapeutic and prophylactic agents of the present invention can be used as various injections and suppositories in addition to the above oral preparations.
- this drug can be provided with a sustained release function by existing methods, and a wide range of parenteral administration methods such as an implantable sustained release pump (eg, Alzamini pump) can be applied.
- an implantable sustained release pump eg, Alzamini pump
- renal diseases are chronic diseases that require long-term treatment
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention can be added in advance to a prescription meal for patients with renal diseases under the guidance of a doctor or veterinarian.
- it can be administered orally in succession to the existing activated carbon preparation for uremic treatment, simultaneously or at intervals.
- pertuzumab which has an effect of improving uremia, is converted into various kinds of the aforementioned drugs used as renal failure ameliorating agents, such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and acupuncture receptor blocker, calcium blocker, j8 blocker. It may be used in combination with an antihypertensive agent such as, or a mixture may be prepared and administered.
- the present invention also discloses a method for treating uremic symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure.
- patients with chronic renal failure who are complicated by uremia can be treated by the method of the present invention.
- it can also be applied to uremic patients who are undergoing dialysis treatment before starting dialysis therapy.
- It can also be applied to patients who have developed complications due to dialysis therapy and patients who have developed side effects from activated charcoal.
- it can be used together with symptomatic therapeutic drugs used in dialysis complications, such as erythropoietin at the time of anemia or hematopoietic disorder.
- the present invention is active It can also be used in combination with uremic patients with chronic renal failure who are treated with charcoal preparations.
- activated carbon has a non-specific substance adsorption ability and to take into account the combined timing of both agents.
- activated carbon formulation therapy can be stopped and it can switch to the method of this invention.
- Urinary diseases of pets other than cats and dogs can be treated in the same manner according to the present invention. Pet animals are not particularly limited, and all animals that are diagnosed and treated by the client (owner) and diagnosed with uremia due to chronic renal failure by the client (owner) are included. However, it is preferably used for mammals. Animals are equally applicable to taxonomic classification of families, genera, and species. For example, cats (Felis catus) are common in cats.
- 1S Forces preferably used for other feline animals For example, for felines, cheetahs, leopards, lynx animals It can be used. Of course, it is needless to say that it is also preferably used as a companion animal other than cats, such as a dog belonging to the family Gramineae who has developed uremia due to chronic renal failure. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the method of the present invention can also be used to treat uremia caused by chronic renal failure in mammals other than the cat family and the family Inu. Of course, even pet animals can be applied to uremic patients who have already undergone dialysis therapy. It can also be applied to patients who have developed complications from dialysis therapy.
- activated charcoal has non-specific substance adsorption capacity, and when using in combination, each administration route, timing of combination, etc. It is preferable to take this into consideration.
- Example 1 Preparation of tablets containing sodium beraprost
- Lost sodium and base powder (lactose (Pharmatose 200M, OMV Japan) 77.5 parts, crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101, Asahi Kasei) 20.0 parts) are put into a high-speed stirring granulator, mixed and stirred for 1 minute, A prescribed amount of the prepared beraprost sodium and a granulating aqueous solution containing 2 parts of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-M, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a binder was finally added, and the mixture was granulated with stirring. The granulated product was passed through a crusher, dried with hot air at 60 ° C for 10 hours, and then granulated with a No.
- Example 2 Capsules containing beraprost sodium
- Dry granules obtained by the method shown in Example 1 were filled into Qualicaps capsules (Qualicaps, size 5, LOK-CAPS, SHIONOGI) to prepare granule capsules.
- Solution capsules were prepared by diluting beraprost sodium into polyethylene glycol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) to a dosage of 10, 30, 70, lOO / zg / 28 1 / kg, and filling into Qualicaps capsules. Created.
- a capsule containing beraprost sodium was prepared with a micropipette, and similarly, a capsule filled with only 28 ⁇ l / kg of polyethylene glycol as a placebo was prepared.
- Example 3 Examination of beraprost sodium dosage in healthy cats
- test cats were housed in individual cages with free access to water, and food was given twice a day after the necessary items were measured. In order to acclimatize to the experimental environment, non-invasive blood pressure measurements were performed twice a day for 2 weeks.
- Judgment is classified into 4 stages, and respiratory status is classified as: No abnormality (degree 0), urgency (degree 1), decline (degree 2), dyspnea (degree 3), gait ataxia: No abnormality ),: Mild (degree 1),: Moderate (degree 2),: Non-walking (degree 3). Sedation (calling force 4 response), recumbency (calling force 4 response): No abnormality (degree 0), mild (degree 1), moderate (degree 2), no response (degree 3) . Evaluation of lacrimation, fluency, vomiting, diarrhea, and incontinence was performed by classifying them as normal (degree 0), mild (degree 1), moderate (degree 2), and severe (degree 3).
- Blood pressure and heart rate were measured as follows. Non-invasive measurement was performed by the oscillometric method in Life Scope 9 made by Nihon Kohden. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured 5 times before and after 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours after administration of beraprost sodium in the cat's right forelimb. Of the five measurements, the average of the three measurements excluding the maximum and minimum values was taken as the measurement value for the individual at that time. The measurement was performed every 7 days, and the response in each administration was almost the same pattern. In the examples, only the results at the first administration of beraprost sodium (FIGS. 1 and 2) are shown as representatives.
- Blood and blood chemistry tests were performed as follows. Before the administration of beraprost sodium and at the respective doses for 7 consecutive days (7 consecutive days of 1 test substance is referred to as 1 series), blood was collected on the next day on an empty stomach for examination. RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb, and Plat were used as blood test items, and AST, ALT, T.P, BUN, Cre, Na, K, and CI were used as blood chemistry test items.
- the administration method is shown below.
- beraprost sodium was sequentially administered in 10, 30, 70 and 100 g / kg (continuous administration for 1 week each) and 4 placebo series without beraprost sodium.
- the test cats in each treatment series used the same cats to properly evaluate the study drug.
- a washout period was set for two weeks after the end of each series in order to eliminate the influence of the test drug in the previous series.
- the solution capsule prepared in Example 2 was used for the beraprost sodium administration series and the placebo administration series. Administration was orally on an empty stomach at 12-hour intervals, twice a day for 7 consecutive days.
- No.l cat 2 consecutive shots, diarrhea on the 3rd day, No.2 cat on the 2nd and 3rd day, diarrhea and vomiting on the 5th day, No.3 cat on the 2nd day, Vomiting, diarrhea on days 3, 4 and 5, No.4 cat with diarrhea and vomiting on day 2, diarrhea on day 3, vomiting on day 5, loose stool, diarrhea on day 6
- diarrhea sedation on day 2, diarrhea and vomiting on day 3, and diarrhea on day 4, respectively, occurred within 2 hours after administration on the corresponding day.
- As other adverse clinical symptoms sedation was observed on the second day of administration in the No. 5 cat in the 100 g / kg / BID series. However, these adverse events disappeared by the day after the last administration.
- Fig. 2 shows the effect on blood pressure at the first administration in the administration series at each dose. No significant changes were observed in any of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, or pulse pressure. No adverse changes were observed in blood count, electrolyte and kidney function, and liver function.
- Example-4 a test method for patients exhibiting uremia resulting from renal failure after Example-4 is described.
- the diagnostic criteria and endpoints for cats and chronic kidney failure are as follows. Diagnosis of uremia and chronic renal failure is based on clinical findings (including uremic findings) and blood tests In addition, the results of blood biochemistry and urinalysis were added to make a comprehensive judgment. Clinical observations of uremia include polyuria, dehydration, loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, vomiting symptoms, the presence or absence of dehydration, and the extent of chronic renal failure. Based on the serum Cre value, the BUN value was also monitored as reference data to grasp the degree of progression of chronic renal failure.
- RBC, WBC, PCV, Hg, PLT measurements are used for blood tests, and TP,
- the serum Cre value was determined to be 1.4 mgZdL in the blood test. Serum Cre value was measured by the creatine-diminase amide hydrase method, and BUN value, which is reference data for grasping the degree of progression of chronic renal failure, was measured by the urease GLDH method.
- beraprost sodium alone was administered even for individuals with advanced renal failure.
- drugs that may affect the action of beraprost sodium vasodilators (such as enalapril), diuretics (such as furosemide), drugs that affect renal blood flow (such as dono ⁇ min) and Steroids (such as prednisolone) were not used in combination.
- Beraprost sodium was administered orally twice a day as a 150 gZ tablet (Example 1). (300 ⁇ g / head / day). It was basically administered every day for 6 months, and was kept after the study period, and continued if desired by the Lord. Examples of the present invention also include administration cases of less than 6 months and more than 6 months.
- the improvement degree of uremia symptoms was determined as follows. From the clinical symptoms associated with uremia, the activity level and appetite that were universally observable were selected throughout the study period with few oversights. Activity is; disappearance (score 0), decline (score 1), normal (score 2), appetite; abolition (score 0), poor (score 1), somewhat poor (score 2), normal (score 3) ) As a total point (full score is 5 points). In other words, the higher the point, the better the clinical symptoms.
- Example 4 Administration of beraprost sodium to a cat with chronic renal failure (case-A, beraprost sodium alone, FIG. 3)
- Case-A is a 5-year-old male cat, who was diagnosed with chronic renal failure as a result of comprehensive judgment. With the consent of the owner (client), treatment with only beraprost sodium was started. As a result, the score reached 4 at the first month of beraprost sodium administration, reached a full score of 5 points at the second month, and continued for 6 months, the administration period of beraprost sodium. On the other hand, both BUN and Cre decreased simultaneously with the start of beraprost sodium administration, BUN reached its lowest level in the 2nd month and serum Cre level reached its lowest level in the 5th month. At the end of 6 months, the clinical and biochemical markers were no different from normal cats.
- Example 5 Administration of beraprost sodium to a cat with chronic renal failure (case-B, beraprost natri) Um alone, Figure 4)
- the patient who received beraprost sodium was 4.0 kg, a 4-year-old male Japanese cat, and the findings at the first visit were urinary retention due to cat lower urinary tract syndrome (FUS).
- FUS cat lower urinary tract syndrome
- the clinical score was around 3 points, and almost a year passed.
- the overall clinical symptom score after 1 month was improved from 3 points before administration to a full score of 5 points.
- BUN and serum Cre values tended to rise while clinical symptoms were slightly improved at 1 or 2 months after starting beraprost sodium administration.
- belaprost sodium has an excellent uremia-improving effect, which is beyond the conventional concept of improving chronic renal failure, that is, depressing or stopping renal function deterioration and progression. That is, in this example, a completely new beraprost sodium “removal” or “recovery effect” from chronic renal failure, which is said to recover renal function that was once reduced, was found. In this case, no adverse effects such as diarrhea and vomiting were observed during the administration of beraprost sodium.
- Example 6 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (Case C, administration of beraprost sodium alone, Fig. 5)
- Example 7 Administration of beraprost sodium to cats with chronic renal failure (Case-D, administration of beraprost sodium alone, Fig. 6)
- the patient who received beraprost sodium was a 17-year-old male Siamese cat weighing 4.5 kg. As a result of comprehensive examination, it was diagnosed as chronic renal failure. Although it was an advanced case, beraprost sodium was administered alone without any conventional treatments such as concomitant medications and infusions as well as comprehensive judgment.
- the strength of appetite and energy that was unstable during the first month before the administration of beraprost sodium was 2 points.
- the overall clinical symptom score after 1 month was changed from 2 points before the administration to 5 points. Dramatic improvement was observed, and weight gained!] In this case, no adverse effects such as diarrhea and vomiting were observed during the administration of beraprost sodium.
- BUN values reflecting renal function continued to rise after administration of beraprost sodium.
- Serum Cre level also remained high.
- the effect of beraprost sodium itself on improving uremia was clearly observed without improvement of renal function markers.
- no adverse effects such as diarrhea and vomiting were observed during the administration of beraprost sodium.
- Example 8 Administration of beraprost sodium to a cat with chronic renal failure (Case-E, combination therapy, Figure 7)
- the patient who received beraprost sodium was a 14-year-old male Japanese cat weighing 3.5 kg. He had repeated urinary retention and cystitis due to lower urinary tract syndrome (FUS) for about 10 years. Decreased appetite and erosion have been noticeable since several months ago, and the patient was diagnosed with renal failure accompanied by severe uremia.
- FUS lower urinary tract syndrome
- Example 9 Administration of beraprost sodium to a cat with renal failure (Case-F, diabetic nephropathy, Fig. 8)
- the patient was an 11-year-old male cat who was diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy based on past history and blood biochemical data. He was diagnosed with chronic renal failure and showed uremic symptoms.
- insulin protamine zinc insulin, 2 units / BID
- a calcium carbonate preparation and an activated carbon preparation were administered as measures against chronic renal failure and uremia.
- beraprost sodium can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of uremia in patients with chronic renal failure whose primary disease is diabetes.
- beraprost sodium has the effect of improving uremic symptoms even if renal failure itself does not improve. In this case, no diarrhea or vomiting was observed during the administration of beraprost sodium.
- Example 10 Improvement of uremic symptoms by tablets with low beraprost sodium content (Case 1 G, administration of beraprost sodium tablets alone)
- the cat with chronic renal failure in this example is a cat that is managed and bred as a blood transfusion donor at the time of surgery! From a comprehensive diagnosis, chronic renal failure was diagnosed. This cat has been regularly followed by various blood tests with a history of infection by vaccination at the appropriate time. However, based on comprehensive judgment, the patient was diagnosed with chronic renal failure and started to receive beraprostnatrium. Based on the information of clinical cases conducted so far, the effectiveness (anti-uremic effect) of 150 / zg / head / BID administration with beraprost sodium was confirmed, so the lower dose of 40 ⁇ g / head / BID (Example 1) was administered to this case (Case-G), and the test interval was 2 weeks.
- the BUN value was 52.2 mg / dL and the serum Cre value was 2.56 mg / dL.
- the BUN level remained almost constant, and Cre continued to increase to 2.79 mg / dL on day 28 and 3.02 mg / dL on day 56.
- body weight gain was seen early after the start of beraprost sodium administration, increasing to 3.83 kg on day 14 and 3.95 kg on day 56, compared to 3.2 kg before starting beraprost sodium. .
- Urinary symptoms were recovered early, and the score was 3 points during the start of beraprost sodium administration, but reached the full score of 5 points as early as the 14th day, and then maintained until the 56th day. .
- the improvement effect of the uremic symptoms associated with chronic renal failure can be obtained even by administration of a lower dose of beraprost sodium. .
- no adverse effects such as diarrhea and vomiting were observed during the administration period of beraprost sodium.
- Example 11 Weight gain by administration of beraprost sodium
- Example 12 Administration of beraprost sodium to dogs with renal failure (case-H, Fig. 9)
- the target patient of beraprost sodium is a 14-year-old female dog (mongrel) weighing 6.4 kg. He visited the hospital with the chief complaint that his appetite decreased and his activity decreased significantly. Chronic renal failure was diagnosed based on past medical history, clinical observations, and clinical examination results. The initial clinical score was 2 points, and treatment with covaldin 200 mg ZBID was started. As a result, the clinical score improved slightly to 3 points in 2 weeks, but remained low at 3 points for the next 2 months, and further improvement was not seen. Therefore, with the consent of the client, the kovardin treatment was discontinued and switched to beraprost sodium alone.
- Beraprost sodium is diluted with polyethylene glycol (Wako) so that the dose is 150 / zg / capsule, and it is packaged into capsules (size 5 Shionogi kuribusu) with a micropipette, twice a day, on an empty stomach. Orally administered.
- the clinical score increased to 4 points in the first month of administration and reached a full score of 5 points in the second month.
- BUN which is a renal failure marker, remained almost unchanged and increased to serum Cre levels after clinical administration of beraprost sodium, although it did not improve significantly.
- the phenomenon in which improvement in clinical symptoms and improvement in renal failure marker values are not necessarily linked is similar to that in cats with renal failure.
Abstract
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EP06767982.9A EP1913946B1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Therapeutic agent and treatment method for ameliorating uremia |
CA2618708A CA2618708C (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Therapeutic agent and treatment method for ameliorating uremia |
CN2006800248833A CN101217960B (zh) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | 用于改善尿毒症的治疗药和处置方法 |
KR1020087001239A KR101300003B1 (ko) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | 요독증 개선을 위한 치료제 및 처치방법 |
ES06767982.9T ES2451627T3 (es) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Agente terapéutico y método de tratamiento para mejorar uremia |
JP2007524625A JP5018478B2 (ja) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | 尿毒症改善のための治療剤および処置方法 |
AU2006267613A AU2006267613B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Therapeutic agent and treatment method for ameliorating uremia |
US11/988,423 US9783518B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Therapeutic agent and treatment method for ameliorating uremia |
PL06767982T PL1913946T3 (pl) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-07-07 | Środek terapeutyczny oraz sposób leczenia do złagodzenia mocznicy |
US15/499,115 US9913825B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2017-04-27 | Method of ameliorating uremia |
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US15/499,115 Division US9913825B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2017-04-27 | Method of ameliorating uremia |
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WO2010010909A1 (ja) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 慢性腎不全処置剤 |
WO2022265031A1 (ja) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 慢性腎臓病のネコの治療方法 |
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US10987365B2 (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2021-04-27 | Gm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of pain |
KR101827245B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-02-08 | (주)제이유타이드 | 알라린을 주성분으로 하는 요독증 치료제 |
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WO2010010909A1 (ja) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 慢性腎不全処置剤 |
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JP5609643B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-23 | 2014-10-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 慢性腎不全処置剤 |
WO2022265031A1 (ja) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 慢性腎臓病のネコの治療方法 |
KR20240021749A (ko) | 2021-06-16 | 2024-02-19 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 만성 신장병의 고양이의 치료 방법 |
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JPWO2007007668A1 (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
CA2618708C (en) | 2013-11-12 |
US20090143463A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
JP5018478B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
EP1913946B1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
EP1913946A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
ES2451627T3 (es) | 2014-03-28 |
KR101300003B1 (ko) | 2013-08-26 |
CA2618708A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
US20170224652A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
PL1913946T3 (pl) | 2014-07-31 |
KR20080024203A (ko) | 2008-03-17 |
US9913825B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
US9783518B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
CN101217960A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
PT1913946E (pt) | 2014-04-28 |
AU2006267613A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1913946A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
AU2006267613B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
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