Classifications

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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
  • C07D295/185—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aliphatic carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
  • C07D333/62—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
  • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
  • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C2602/10—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline

Definitions

• the current invention relates to (hetero)arylsulfonylamino based peptidomimetics useful for preventing, treating or diagnosing medical disorders related to somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4.
• Somatostatin or somatotropin-release inhibitory factor (SRIF)
• SRIF-14 somatotropin-release inhibitory factor 14
• SRIF-28 somatotropin-release inhibitory factor 14
• cortistatin a third endogenous human peptide called cortistatin, for which so far no dedicated receptor has been identified but which shares a high degree of sequence similarities with SRIF-14 and which possesses similar affinities towards the five human somatostatin subtypes as SRIF-14.
• Somatostatin is produced widely in the human body and acts both systemically and locally to inhibit the secretion of various hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters.
• the pepdie is thus directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of processes such as for example cellular proliferation, glucose homeostasis, inflammation and pain.
• the effects of somatostatin are mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, of which five subtypes (sstr ⁇ ) have been cloned in humans (Reisine and Bell 1995; Patel 1999).
• the affinities of the two endogenous SRIF peptides on the five subtypes are relatively similar, with the exception that SRIF-28 has been reported to have a moderate preference for the sst 5 .
• the five subtypes possess different tissue expression profiles and do also show some differences in their usage of signalling pathways.
• the pleiotropic physiological responses produced by somatostatin are thus a reflection of its widespread distribution, the existence of multiple receptor subtypes and the differential coupling of these subtypes to intracellular signalling pathways.
• the five somatostatin receptor subtypes have been divided into two subfamilies: one made up of sst 2 , SSt 3 and sst 5 and a second one consisting of ssti and sst 4 .
• the for- mer subfamily possesses high affinities towards these hexapeptide and octa- peptide analogues, whereas the latter subfamily interacts with them only in a rather poor manner (Hoyer et al. 1995).
• sstrselective agonist may be useful for the treatment of tumours bearing this subtype.
• sst-i receptor have been described to be expressed in prostate cancer (Sinisi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 2001 ), but not in normal prostate tissue.
• WO 97/03054 and US 6,221 ,870 describe benzo[g]quinoline- derived (WO 097/03054) or ergoline-derived (US 6,221 ,870) sst r selective antagonist as lowering aggressive behaviour in mice and consequently suggest such compounds to be useful for the treatment of depression, anxiety, affective disorders and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
• ADHD attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders
• the sst 4 subtype is expressed at high levels in the rat hippocampus where somatostatin has been reported to play a significant role in the regulation of membrane conductance. Since the hippocampus is a brain structure closely linked to learning and memory, as well as mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, the prominent presence of the sst 4 subtype in this brain area suggests that SSt 4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have considerable therapeutic potential in learning and memory.
• tissue where one of these two subtypes either clearly predominates, e.g. the ssti in human blood vessels (Curtis et al, 2000), or even represents the sole somatostatin receptor present, e.g. the sst 4 in the lung (Fehlmann et al. 2000).
• the ability to visualize ssti and/or sst 4 re- ceptor via the use of subtype selective radiolabeled ligands would therefore not only open up as yet unavailable diagnostic options for tumours bearing these receptor subtypes, but would potentially also allow the diagnostic imaging of tissues for other purposes, such as for example the visualization of blood vessels in arteriosclerosis or in suspected cases of cerebral aneurysm.
• the endogenous somatostatin peptides have a very short biological half-life and are therefore not well suited for therapeutic use.
• a number of shorter hexa- and octapeptide analogues of somatostatin with improved biological stability have been identified (e.g. patents US 4,485,101 , US 5,409,894 or WO 97/47317).
• these abbreviated peptide analogues are heavily biased in favour of the sst 2 , 3 , 5 subfamily and do not show much interaction with the subtypes ssti or sst 4 .
• the current invention describes novel ligands for the somatostatin receptor subtypes ssti and/or sst 4 . These compounds are sulfonamido- peptidomimetics and are in part related to similar compounds presented in the patent applications PCT/FI2004/000584 and PCT/FI2004/000585. To some extent related monocyclic or bicyclic sulfonamide derivatives have also been described in a number of scientific publications and patents, albeit not as agonists or antagonists of somatostatin receptor.
• thrombin and serine protease inhibitors which are featured in CN 1183766, DE 19548797, DE 3942114, DE 4424828, EP 555824, EP 565396, EP 739886, US 5248673, WO 9208709, as well as in Kobe J Med Sci (1980), 26(1):1-9; Pharmazie (1982), 37(1 ):13-16; Pharmazie (1982), 36(9):597-603; Pharmazie (1982), 37(3):178-82; Pharmazie (1983), 38(11 ):793; Bioorg & Med Chem Lett (1995), 3(8):1145-56 and Bioorg & Med Chem Lett (2001 ), 11(14):1947-50.
• US 20030166652 teaches on ligands for CCR3 receptor, WO 2004101507 on N-sulfonylated amino acid derivatives as inhibitors of matriptase in the treatment of cancer, WO 2003070229 on urokinase inhibitors, US 5244895 on anti-ulcer agents, DE 3942114 on blood vessel relaxants, WO 2002100848 on sigma receptor ligands, EP 109023 on vasodilators and hypotensors, JP 11228547 on the production of 6-amino-1 ,4-dialkylhexahydro-1 H-1 ,4-diazepine derivatives, WO 97/29097 on 5-HT 7 antagonists, WO 01/34562 on compounds with calci- mimetic activity, WO 2004/014844 on compounds that inhibit factor IX (thereby preventing blood coagulation), WO 2004/113280 on inhibtor for the neurotransmitter transporter GIyTI and WO
• WO 9005739 reports on the carboxy-terminal sequencing of proteins and peptides using novel coupling reagents, PNAS (1978), 75(9):4115-19 on the chemical determination of polypeptide hormones, JACS (1996), 118(48): 12004-11 on a fluorescent assay for recombinases and topoisomerases, and Appl Biochem and Biotech (1994), 47(2-3):277-92 on antibody-catalyzed primary amide hydrolysis.
• the present invention relates to non-peptide compounds endowed with a high degree of selectivity towards the two somatostatin receptor subtypes ssti and or sst ⁇ and their use.
• the scope of the invention is summarized in the independent claims.
• Compounds of the invention are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
• the treatment of affective disorders includes bipolar disorders, e.g. manic-depressive psychoses, extreme psychotic states, e.g. mania and excessive mood swings for which a behavioural stabilization is being sought.
• the treatment of anxiety states includes generalized anxiety as well as social anxiety, agoraphobia and those behavioural states characterized by social withdrawal, e.g. negative symptoms.
• Compounds of the invention are advantageous in diseases involving pathological vascular proliferation, e.g. angiogenesis, restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization.
• pathological vascular proliferation e.g. angiogenesis, restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization.
• the angiogenic disease may for example be age-related macular degeneration or vascular proliferation associated with surgical procedures, e.g. angioplasty and AV shunts.
• arteriosclerosis plaque neovascularization
• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy myocardial angiogenesis
• valvular disease myo- cardiac infarction
• coronary collaterals cerebral collaterals
• ischemic limb angiogenesis Other possible uses are the treatments of arteriosclerosis, plaque neovascularization, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial angiogenesis, valvular disease, myo- cardiac infarction, coronary collaterals, cerebral collaterals and ischemic limb angiogenesis.
• Compounds of the invention are also indicated for the treatment of diseases connected to pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals.
• diseases connected to pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals may be high intraocular pressure (lOP) and/or deep ocular infections.
• Treatable diseases may e.g. be glaucoma, stromal keratitis, ulceris, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis.
• Other diseases connected to the eye may be ocular and corneal angiogenic conditions, for example, corneal graft rejection, retrolental fibroplasia, Osier-Webber Syndrome or rubeosis.
• Compounds of the invention are also useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms connected to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, Doan syndrome and orthostatic hypotension.
• tumours such as e.g. the proliferation of adenoma cells, thyroid can- cer, large bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-smail cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, Gl tumours, cholan- giocarcinoma, hepatic cancer, vesical cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumours, thymoma, paragangliomas, prostate carcinomas, sarcomas, gastroenteropancreatic tumours, gastric carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, ependymomas, renal cancers, leukemia e.g., leukemia of basophilic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin disease and non
• Compounds of the invention after incorporation of a label (e.g. 35-S, 123-1, 125-1, 111-In, 11 -C, etc.) either directly in the compound or via a suitable spacer, can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs, such as prostate, lung, brain, blood vessels or tumours possessing ssti and/or sst 4 receptors.
• a label e.g. 35-S, 123-1, 125-1, 111-In, 11 -C, etc.
• a suitable spacer can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs, such as prostate, lung, brain, blood vessels or tumours possessing ssti and/or sst 4 receptors.
• Compounds of the invention are useful for targeting tumours with SSt 1 and/or sst 4 receptors using a compound of the invention conjugated with anti-cancer drugs directly or using a suitable spacer.
• compounds of the invention are useful for wound healing, ovulation, menstruation, placentation, peptic ulcers, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.
• the invention relates to the use of compounds having general formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where an agonist or antagonist of somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful,
• A is NR6R6 or NR6-(C r C 3 )alkyl-NR6R6 and the (C r C 3 )alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with one to four groups selected from R a ; or
• A is a 5- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens, the said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R6 and -(CH 2 ) S -NR6R6; or
• a and R2 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a saturated 5- or 6-membered ring, said ring being substituted by a group -(CH 2 ) S -NR6R6 and 0 to 3 groups independently selected from (Ci-C 6 )alkyl;
• D is aryl, heteroaryl or ary1-(CrC 2 )-alkyl and may be unsubstituted or substituted with one to seven groups selected from R a ;
• E is O 1 S, NR b or CR b R b ;
• J is H or methyl; or J is part of a spiro ring system together with A;
• R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 7-membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents se- lected from R a ; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted with one to three substituents selected from R a ; R6 is independently
• R6 and R6 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and
• said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl or halogen;
• R b is independently
• Cy-(CrC 4 )alkyl p is an integer 0 to 3; j is an integer 0 to 4; k is an integer 0 to 2, s is an integer 0 to 2; and
• the invention also relates to the use of the compounds described above for the purpose of imaging sst-i and/or SSt 4 receptor in healthy or diseased tissues and organs, such as prostate, lung, brain, blood vessels or tumours possessing ssti and/or sst 4 receptor, after the incorporation of a label (e.g. 35-S 1 123-1, 125-1, 111-In, 11 -C, etc.) either directly into the molecules or indirectly through a chelate connected via a suitable spacer.
• a label e.g. 35-S 1 123-1, 125-1, 111-In, 11 -C, etc.
• the invention also relates to compounds having the general formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where an agonist or antagonist of the somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful,
• A is NR6R6 or NR6-(C r C 3 )alkyl-NR6R6 and the (C r C 3 )alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with one to four groups selected from R a ; or
• A is a 5- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens, the said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R6 and -(CH 2 ) S -NR6R6; or
• a and R2 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a saturated 5- or 6-membered ring, said ring being substituted by a group -(CH 2 ) S -NR6R6 and 0 to 3 groups independently selected from (CrC ⁇ Jalkyl;
• D is aryl, heteroaryl or aryl-(C- ⁇ -C- 2 )-alkyl and may be unsubstituted or substituted with one to seven groups selected from R a ;
• E is O, S, NR b , or CR b R b ;
• J is H or methyl; or J is part of a spiro ring system together with A;
• phenyl or benzyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from R a ;
• Ri is independently a group selected from R a ;
• R2 is
• R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 7-membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from R a ; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted with one to three substituents selected from R a ;
• R6 is independently
• R6 and R6 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from (CrC ⁇ alkyl or halogen;
• R a is independently
• R b is independently
• Cy-(Ci-C 4 )alkyl p is an integer 0 to 3; j is an integer 0 to 4; k is an integer 0 to 2; s is an integer 0 to 2; and
• Alkyf as well as other groups having the prefix "alk”, such as alkoxy, alkanoyl, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof.
• the size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (CrC ⁇ alkyl, (Ci-C3)alkyl.
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, terf-butyl, pentyl, ⁇ eo-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and the like.
• alkenyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof.
• the size of the alkenyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl.
• alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1 -pentenyl, 2- pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like.
• Alkynyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof.
• the size of the alkynyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl.
• alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propargyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 2-heptenyl, and the like.
• Cycloalkyl means mono- or bicyclic saturated carbocydic rings, each of which having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The term also includes monocyclic rings fused to an aryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion. The size of the cycloalkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (C- 5 -C"io)cycloalkyl.
• cycioaikyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclo- pentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, indanyl, and the like.
• Aryl means mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings containing only carbon atoms. The term also includes aryl groups fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyi group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion. The size of the aryl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C- 6 -Ci 2 )aryl.
• aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, 1 ,4-benzodioxanyl, and the like.
• Heteroaryl means a mono- or bicyclic aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, with each ring containing 5 to 6 atoms.
• the term also includes heteroaryl groups fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyi group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion.
• heteroaryl groups include pyrro- IyI, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, triazinyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, furo(2,3b)pyridyl, quinolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl, and the like.
• Heterocyclyi means mono- or bicyclic saturated rings containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S, each of said rings having from 5 to 8 atoms in which the point of attachment may be carbon or nitrogen.
• the term also includes monocyclic heterocycles fused to an aryl or a heteroaryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion.
• the term also includes partially unsaturated monocyclic rings that are not aromatic, such as 2- and 4-pyridones attached through the nitrogen.
• heterocyclyi groups include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperaz- inyl, imidazolinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuro(2,3-b)pyridyl ! benzoxazinyl, tetrahydroquino- linyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroindonyl, and the like.
• cycloalkyl-alkyl refers to a "cycloalkyl” as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group as defined above.
• the size of the cycloalkyl and the al- kyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 3 -C 7 )cycloaIkyl(Ci-C ⁇ )alkyl, (C 3 -C 5 )cycloalkyl(Ci-C 2 )alkyl.
• Representative examples of cycloalkyl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclo- hexylmethyl, 1-cyclohexylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, and the like.
• aryl-alkyl refers to an "aryl” as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an (Ci-C- 6 )alkyl group as defined above.
• the size of the aryl or alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. aryl- (Ci-C 6 )alk.yl, (C 6 -C 12 )aryl-(C- ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
• aryl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-naphthylmethyl, 1-(2- indanyl)ethyl, 2- tetrahy- dronaphthylethyl, and the like.
• heteroaryl-alkyl refers to a "heteroaryl” as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group as defined above.
• the size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. heteroaryl- (CrC 6 )alkyl, heteroaryl-(C r C 2 )alkyl.
• heteroaryl- alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-(2-pyridyl)propyl, 2-benzothiophenyl- methyl, 4-(2-quinolyl)butyl, and the like.
• Cy-alkyl refers to a "Cy” as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group as defined above.
• the size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. Cy-(C r C 6 )alkyl, Cy-(Ci-C 3 )alkyl.
• Representative examples of Cy-alkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 1-(2-naphthyl)ethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, and the like.
• halogen refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine.
• R5 is hydrogen or (C r C 3 )alkyl and R4 is phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl, optionally substituted at positions 2 or 3 with one to two substituents selected from R a . More preferred substituents are selected from halogen and (Ci-C 3 )alkyl.
• Still another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where E is O or NH.
• Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where J is hydrogen. [0036] Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where R1 is hydrogen.
• Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where D is ary!, which is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from R a and preferred substitutions R a are selected from halogen, (CrC ⁇ Jalkyl, -NR b R b and -OR b . Even more preferred substitutions R a are halogen and (Ci-C 3 )alkyl.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the compounds of the invention are those in which D gives rise to compounds of formula II,
• R1 is independently a group selected from R a ;
• X is a bond or C(R7)
• L is C(R7), S or NR7;
• R7 is independently selected from
• Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where the absolute configuration of the carbon carrying the group J is S.
• the invention includes within its scope all possible stereoisomers of the compounds, including geometric isomers, e.g. Z and E isomers ⁇ cis and trans isomers), and optical isomers, e.g. diastereomers and enantio- mers. Furthermore, the invention includes in its scope both the individual isomers and any mixtures thereof, e.g. racemic mixtures.
• the individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be separated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods.
• the conventional resolution methods e.g. fractional crystallisation, may be used.
• ketones can exist also in their enol form (keto-enol tautomerism).
• the individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed within the compounds of the invention.
• salts e.g. acid addition salts with both organic and inorganic acids are well known in the field of pharmaceuticals.
• Non-limiting examples of these salts include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, benzoates, salicylates and ascorbates.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable esters when applicable, may be prepared by known methods using pharmaceutically acceptable acids that are conventional in the field of pharmaceuticals and that retain the pharmacological properties of the free form.
• Non-limiting examples of these esters include esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and ferf-butyl esters.
• compositions of the compounds of the invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• Formulations can for instance enable an oral, buccal, topical, intranasal, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or an administration by inhalation or insufflation.
• Compounds of the invention may also be formulated for sustained delivery.
• compositions include but are not limited to tablets, chewable tablets and capsules. These may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinized maize starch), disintegrants (e.g. potato starch), fillers (e.g. lactose) or lubricants (e.g. magnesium stea- rate). Tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art.
• pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinized maize starch), disintegrants (e.g. potato starch), fillers (e.g. lactose) or lubricants (e.g. magnesium stea- rate). Tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art.
• possible liquid preparations include but are not limited to solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may exist as dry powder for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle prior to use. These liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable agents, such as suspending agents, non-aqueous vehicles,
• a possible dose of the active compounds of the invention for oral, parenteral, buccal or topical dose to the adult human is between 0.1 and 500 mg of the active compound per unit dose, which may administered, for instance, 1 to 4 times in a day.
• the precise dose, the route of administration and the dosing interval can be determined by those skilled in the art. It is also well recognized that these variables depend on multiple factors, including, but not restricted to, the activity of the therapeutic compound, the formulation thereof, pharmacokinetic properties (such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) of the therapeutic compound, the nature and location of the target tissue or organ and the issues connected to the state of a disease or disorder in a patient in need of treatment. Additionally, when the compounds of the invention are administered with additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, one or more pharmaceutical compositions may be used for the delivery of all the agents, which may be administered together, or at different times, as determined by those skilled in the art. [0051]
• R8 and R9 are independently H, (C1-C5)alkyl or (C3-C7)cycloalkyi(C1-C5)alkyl, or R8 and R9 form together (C3-C7)cycloalkyl
• R8 and R9 are independently H, (C1-C5)alkyl or (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C5)alky! or R8 and R9 form together (C3-C7)cycloalkyl ⁇ ) Ethylchloroformate, TEA, THF, then NaBH 4 , THF/H 2 O ii) CCI 4 , PPh 3 , pyridine
• R8 and R9 are independently H, (C1-C5)alkyl or (C3-C7)cycloalkyI(C1-C5)alkyl, or R8 and R9 form together (C3-C7)cycloalkyl
• the Rink resin was obtained from Advanced ChemTech, UK. Amino acids were purchased either from Advanced ChemTech, UK, or Nova- biochem, Switzerland, unless otherwise specified. Acetic anhydride, benzyl bromide, benzyl chloroformate, BTHF, DIC, ethyl chloroformate, HOBt, pipe- ridine, silver(l)oxide, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, TFA, alpha-toluenethiol were products of Acros Organics, Belgium. DIPEA was from Fluka AG, Germany. All other reagents or solvents were purchased from Aldrich or Merck, Germany, if not otherwise specified.
• the molecular weight of compound was determined with a Micromass Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
• Essential MS parameters were: cone voltage 30 V, capillary voltage 3.5 kV, low mass resolution on MS1 15, high mass resolution on MS1 15, ion energy on MS1 1.0, source temperature 11O 0 C, desolvation temperature 250 0 C and desolvation gas flow 700 l/h.
• Samples were introduced via a Waters Alliance 2695 HPLC instrument. The flow rate of 0.3 ml/min was formed of 10% water and 90% MeOH eluent (containing 0.01 % HCOOH). Sample volumes of 10 ⁇ l were injected through a Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 10 mm Ci 8 precolumn.
• NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DMX 500 spectrometer operating at 500.13 MHz for 1 H. CD 3 OD was used as the solvent and TMS as the internal standard.
• sulfonamide group is a common feature in all compounds of the invention, the compounds are named as sulfonic acid amides.
• Boc-L-Ornithinol(Z) (510 mg, 352,43 g/mol, 1.45 mmol, 1 eq, Glycoteam, Germany) was dissolved in pyridine (2 ml, dry) under argon atmosphere.
• Triphenylphosphine (0.949 g, 262.29 g/mol, 3.62 mmol, 2.5 eq, dissolved in 2 ml of dry pyridine), tetrachloromethane (420 ⁇ l, 153.82 g/mol, 1.59 g/cm3,
• the Boc protection was removed by dissolving the (S)-A- methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [3-( ⁇ /-Boc-amino)-1 -benzylcarbamoylpropyl] amide (0.85 g, 511.65 g/mol, 1.7 mmol) in 10 ml DCM containing 25% TFA. After 1 h of stirring, the solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography to obtain 0.80 g (89 % yield) of (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid (3-amino-1-benzylcarbamoylpropyl)amide in the form of its trifluoro- acetic acid salt.
• Fmoc-/--Dab(Boc)-OH (402 mg, 440.50 g/mol 0,91 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in dry THF (10 ml).
• TEA 132 ⁇ l, 0,95 mrno!, 1 eq
• Ethyl chloro- formate (91 ⁇ l, 108.53 g/mol, 1.135 g/cm 3 , 0.95 mmol, 1 eq) was added drop- wise to the mixture. After a 30 min reaction time the formed precipitate was filtered off.
• Boc-L-Dap-OH (817 mg, 204,23 g/mol, 4.0 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in MeOH (6 ml, dry) under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 0 C and TEA (1.11 ml, 8.0 mmol, 2 eq) was added. After 10 min benzyi chloroformate (570 ⁇ l, 170.6 g/mol, 1.2 g/cm 3 , 4.0 mmol, 1 eq) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to room temperature. After allowing to react overnight, the reaction mixture was evaporated.
• Acetone (11 ⁇ l, 58.08 g/mol, 0.79 g/cm 3 , 0.15 mmol, 3 eq), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (21 mg, 211.94 g/mol, 98 ⁇ mol, 2 eq), DIPEA (25 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.15 mmol, 3 eq) and acetic acid (7 ⁇ l, 0.7 v-%) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the product purified by chromatography to give 2.6 mg (11 % yield) of the title compound in pure form.
• Boc-L-Omithinol(Z) (291 mg, 0.82 mmol, 1 eq), was dissolved in dry toluene (2 ml) under argon atmosphere.
• Silver(l)oxide (277 mg, 1.20 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added, followed by 4-methyIbenzyl bromide (298 mg, 185.06 g/mol, 1.61 mmol, 2.0 eq), which had been dissolved in toluene (1 ml, dry).
• Boc-L-Ornithinol(Z) (1.50 g, 4.25 mmol, 1 eq), was dissolved in THF (8 ml, dry) and phenol (600 mg, 94.11 g/mol, 6.38 mmol, 1.5 eq) as well as triphenyiphosphine (1.67 g, 6.38 mmol, 1.5 eq) were added.
• the mixture was bubbled with argon while DEAD (990 ⁇ l, 174.16 g/mol, 1.12 g/cm 3 , 6.38 mmol, 1.5 eq) dissolved in THF (4 ml, dry) was added dropwise to the mixture.
• Boc-L-Ornithinol(Z) (303 mg, 0.86 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in dry toluene (2 ml) under argon atmosphere.
• Silver(i)oxide (405 mg, 1.75 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by benzyl bromide (308 ⁇ l, 2.60 mmol, 3.0 eq) prepared as a solution in toluene (2 ml, dry).
• the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate evaporated.
• the obtained residue was purified by chromatography to obtain 227 mg (60 % yield) of (S)-5-benzyloxy-4- ⁇ /-Boc-1- ⁇ /'-Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• Rink amide resin (0.2 g, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.14 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior to use. 3 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF was added to the resin and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The piperidine/DMF- solution was removed by filtration and the treatment of the resin was repeated with fresh reagents. The resin was then washed thrice with DMF and thrice with DCM before it was used immediately for step IL
• step IV The resin bound product of step IV was cleaved by treating the resin with 30 vol-% TFA in DCM (3 ml) for 30 min. The resulting red solution was collected and 1 ml water was added to it before the solvents were evaporated.
• step V The product of step V was dissolved in BTHF (1 M, 2.0 ml) to reduce the carbonyl group. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight before being quenched by the addition of water (2.0 ml). The mixture was first made acidic with cone. HCI (2.0 ml) and stirred for 30 min before it was made alkaline with an NaOH solution (5 M) and the product was extracted with EtOAc. Drying and evaporation of the organic extract gave the title compound with 95 % overall yield.
• A/-Boc-S-benzyl-L-cysteine (502 mg, 311.40 g/mol, 1.61 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in dry DMF/DCM (1/1 , 3 ml).
• HOBt 216 mg, 1.60 mmol, 1 eq
• DCC 203 mg, 206.33 g/mol, 0.99 mmol, 0.6 eq
• unsym-dimethylethylenediamine (0.180 ml, 88.15 g/mol, 0.8 g/cm 3 , 1.63 mmol, 1.01 eq) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture before it was stirred overnight at room temperature.
• step I The compound was synthesised according to the procedure described in Example 18, with the exception that in step I /V-Boc-S-benzyl-L- cysteine and unsym-dimethylethylenediamine were replaced with N-Boc-O- benzyl-D-serine and ethylenediamine, respectively. Furthermore, the thus in step I obtained (R)-/V-(2-aminoethyl)-2-(A/'-Boc-amino)-3-benzy!oxypropionamide was Fmoc protected before the steps H-111 described in Example 18 were carried out. The Fmoc protection was removed after step III and the product was then purified by chromatography to obtain 21 mg (5 % overall yield) of the title compound in pure form.
• step I W-Boc-S-benzyl-L- cysteine was substituted with A/-Boc-O-benzyl-L-serine (500 mg, 295.34 g/mol, 1.69 mmol, 1 eq) and in step III pentamethylsulphonyl chloride (97 mg, 246.76 g/mol, 0.39 mmol, 1.3 eq) was used instead of 4-methyl-1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl chloride. Chromatographic purification gave the title compound with 18 % overall yield (145 mg).
• (S)-2-N-Boc-5-N'-Z-2,5-diaminopentan-1-ol (1.1 g, 352.43 g/mol, 3.19 mmol, 1.0 eq) was chlorinated according to the procedure described in Example 1 , step I.
• the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 0.5 g (42 % yield) of (S)-5-chloro-4-N-Boc-1-N ' -Z-pentane- 1 ,4-diamine.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 79 rng (69 % yield) of (S)-5-phenylsulfanyl-4-N-Boc-1-N ' -Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• reaction prod- uct was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 83.9 mg (51 % yield) of (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [4-(N-Z ⁇ amino)-1-phenylsuIfanylmet- hylbutyl]amide.
• Boc-L-OrnithinoI(Z) (1.13 g, 352.43 g/mol, 3.19 mmoS, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in THF (8 ml) together with 7-hydroxyisoquinoline (601 mg, 145.16 g/mol, 4.15 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (1.1 g, 262.29 g/mol, 4.15 mmol, 1.3 eq) before DEAD (644 ⁇ l, 174.16 g/mol, 1.12 g/cm 3 , 0.59 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added in a dropwise fashion.
• Boc-O-benzyl-D-threonine 500 mg, 309.4 g/mol, 1.62 mmol, 1.0 eq
• DCC 336.6 mg, 206.33 g/mol, 1.62 mmoi, 1.0 eq
• ethylenediamine 270 ⁇ l, 60.10 g/mol, 0.90 g/cm 3 , 4.04 mmol, 2.5 eq
• the reaction mixture was stirred 45 minutes at room temperature. The formed precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chroma- tography to obtain 195 mg (34 % yield) of (R)-2-( ⁇ /-Boc-amino)-3-benzyloxy-3- (S)-methyl-A/ ' -(2-ethyiamino)propionamide.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 268 mg (85 % yield) of (R)-2-(/V-Boc-amino)-3-benzyloxy-3-(S)-methyl-/V ' -(2- ⁇ /"-Fmoc- aminoethyl)propionamide.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 122 mg (78 % yield) of (R)-4-methyl-naphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [2-benzyloxy- 2-(S)-methyl-1-(2- ⁇ /-Fmoc-aminoethylcarbamoyl)-ethyl]amide.
• Boc-styrylaianine-DCHA (473 mg, 472.67g/mol, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) was coupled with unsym-dimethylethylenediamine (132 ⁇ l, 88.15 g/mol, 0.8 g/cm 3 , 1.2 mmol, 1.2 eq.) according to the procedure described in Example 2, step I. After 2 days, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in DCM. The organic phase was washed with sat. aq. NaHC03-solution and water before it was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The thus obtained (fi)-2- ⁇ /-boc-amino-5-phenylpent-4-enoic acid (2-dimethylamino-ethyl)amide was used without further purification in the next reaction step.
• Boc-D-Ser(Bzl)-OH (298 mg, 295.34 g/mol, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) and unsym-dimethylethylenediamine (111 ⁇ l, 88.15 g/mol, 0.80 g/ctn 3 , 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) were coupled according to the procedure described in Example 36, step I.
• the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 176 mg (48 % yield) of (R)-2-(A/-Boc-amino)-3-benzyloxy- ⁇ / ' -(2-dimethylami- noethyl)propionamide.
• Boc-L-Ornithinol(Z) (331 mg, 352.43 g/mol, 0.94 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was treated with allyl bromide (567 mg, 120.97 g/mol, 4.70 mmol), silver(l)oxide (1.09 g, 231 ,74 g/mol, 4.70 mmol, 5.0 eq.) and tertbutylammonium iodide (34.6 mg, 369.36 g/mol, 0.09 mmol, 0.1 eq.) in toluene according to the procedure described in Example 3, step II.
• Boc-/.-ornithinol(Z) (176 mg, 352.43 g/mol, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was treated in toluene with ethyliodide (60 ⁇ l, 155.96 g/mol, 1.95 g/cm 3 , 0.75 mmol), silver(l)oxide (463 mg, 231.73 g/mol, 2.0 mmoi, 4.0 eq.) and TBAI (18 rng, 369.36 g/mol, 0.05 mmol, 0.1 eq.) according to the procedure de- scribed in Example 3, step II.
• the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 65 mg (34 % yield) of (S)-5-ethoxy-4-/V-Boc-1- ⁇ f-Z- pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• Fmoc-Orn(Boc)-OH (459 mg, 454.52 g/mol, 1.01 mmol, 1.0 eq.), DIC (158 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.81 g/cm 3 , 1.01 mmol, 1.2 eq) and HOBt (137 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 1.01 mmol, 1.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF/DCM (1/1 , 3 ml, dry).
• Boc-L-Omithinol(Z) (352 mg, 352.43 g/mol, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.), benzyl bromide (714 ⁇ l, 171.04 g/mol, 1.44 g/cm 3 , 6.0 mmol, 6.0 eq.), sil- ver(l)oxide (1.16 g, 231.73 g/mol, 5.0 mmol, 5.0 eq.) and TBAi (37 mg, 369.36 g/mol, 0.1 mmol, 0.1 eq.) were allowed to react according to the procedure described in Example 3, step II.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 267 mg (60 % yield) of (S)-5-benzyloxy-4-W- Boc-1 -A/ ' -Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• Boc-Dab(Z)-OH-DCHA (1.07 g, 533.71 g/mol, 2.0 mmol) was reduced according to the procedure described in Example 3, step I. In this manner 568 mg (84 % yield) of (S)-4-( ⁇ /-Z-amino)-2-( ⁇ / ' -Boc-amino)butan-1-ol were obtained.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 209 mg (58 %, yield) of (S)-4-benzyloxy-3-A/-Boc-1-/V ' -Z-butane-1 ,3-diamine.
• (S)-4-Methyl-naphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid (3-amino-1- benzyloxymethyipropyl)-amide (29 mg, 398.53 g/mol, 0.073 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in water before NaOH (29 mg, 40.08 g/mol, 0.73 mmol, 10.0 eq.) and 2-methylsulfanyl-4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazolinium iodide (prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of imidazolinethione and methyl iodide in THF at 25 0 C for 2h). The solvent was then evaporated and the product used without further purification.
• Boc-D-Ser(Bzl)-OH (301 mg, 295.34 g/mol, 1 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was coupled with ethylenediamine (170 ⁇ l, 60.10 g/mol, 0.90 g/cm 3 , 2.5 mmol, 2.5 eq.) according to the procedure described in Example 35, step I.
• the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 50 mg (15 % yield) of (R)-2-(/V-Boc-amino)-3-benzyloxy-A/ ' -(2-ethylamino)propionamide.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 55 mg (66 % yield) of (R)-2-( ⁇ /-Boc- amino)-3-benzyloxy-A/ ' -(2-A/ " -Fmoc-aminoethyl)propionamide.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 47 mg (72 % yield) of (R)-4-methyl-naphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [2-benzyloxy-1-(2-/V-Fmoc- aminoethylcarbamoyl)ethyl]amide.
• Boc-L-Ornithinol(Z) (176 mg, 352.43 g/mol, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 eq.), 1-iodo-2-methylpropane (2.72 ml, 184.01 g/mol, 1.42 g/cm 3 , 21 mmol, 42 eq.), silver(l)oxide (1.39 g, 231.73 g/mol, 6.0 mmol, 12 eq.) and TBAI (92 mg, 369.63 g/mol, 0.25 mmol, 0.5 eq.) were allowed to react according to the procedure described in Example 3, step II.
• reaction product was first purified by automated RP-LC and after that by silica gel chromatography to obtain 72 mg (35 % yield) of (S)-5-isobutoxy-4- ⁇ /-Boc-1-A/ ' -Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid [4-(A/-Z-amino)-1-isobutoxymethylbutylamide 77 mg (86 % yield) in pure form.
• Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH (261 mg, 440.49 g/mol, 0.59 mmol, 1.0 eq.), DIC (92 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.81 g/cm 3 , 0.59 mmol, 1.0 eq.), HOBt (81.4 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 0.59 mmol, 1.0 eq.) were dissolved in DMF/DCM (1/1 , 3 ml).
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 198 mg (67 % yield) of (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid[3-(A/-Boc-amino)-1-cyclohexylcarbamoyl-propyI]amide.
• Fmoc-Ornithinol(Boc)-OH (909 mg, 454.5 g/mol, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in methanol (28 ml).
• DCC (495 mg, 206.33 g/mol, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and DMAP (24 mg, 122.17 g/mol, 0.2 mmol, 0.2 eq.) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature before it was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in DCM The formed precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 480 mg (53 % yield) of (S)-5- ⁇ /-Boc-2- ⁇ / ' -(Fmoc)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid methyl ester.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 183 mg (39 % yield) of (S)-5-A/-Boc- amino-2-(4-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonylamino)pentanoic acid methyl ester.
• Boc-L-Histidinol(Tos) (791 mg, 395.48 g/moi, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) was treated with phenol (226 mg, 94.11 g/mol, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.), triphenyl- phosphine (629 mg, 262.29 g/mol, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and DEAD (378 ⁇ l, 174.16 g/mol, 1.11 g/cm 3 , 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.) according to the procedure described in Example 13, step I.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 494 mg (52 % yield) of (S)-3-phenoxy-2-A/-Boc-1-[(1- Tos)imidazol-4-yl]propane-2-amine.
• Boc-L-Omithinol(Z) (176 mg, 352.43 g/mol, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in DCM under argon. The solution was cooled to 0 0 C and triflic anhydride (93 ⁇ l, 282.13 g/mol, 1.68 g/cm 3 , 0.55 mmol, 1.1 eq.) was added. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes before 2,6-lutidine (70 ⁇ l, 107.15 g/mol, 0.92 g/cm 3 , 0.60 mmol, 1.2 eq.) was added.
• the mixture was stirred another 10 minutes before a pre-mixed solution of ⁇ /-methylbenzylamine (97 ⁇ l, 121.18 g/mol, 0.94 g/cm 3 , 0.75 mmoS, 1.5 eq.) and TEA (152 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.1 mmol, 2.2 eq.) in DCM was added. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes at 0 0 C and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with a sat. aq. NaHCO 3 -solution. The organic phase was then dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated.
• ⁇ /-methylbenzylamine 97 ⁇ l, 121.18 g/mol, 0.94 g/cm 3 , 0.75 mmoS, 1.5 eq.
• TEA 152 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 24 mg (11 % yield) of (S)-5-benzylmethy!amino-4- ⁇ /-Boc-1-A/ ' -Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine in pure form.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 3.3 mg (11 % yield) of (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [4-( ⁇ /-Z-amino)-1 -benzylmethylami- nomethylbutyl]amide.
• Boc-D-Ser(Bzl)-OH (295 mg, 295.34 g/mol, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was treated with DCC (248 mg, 206.33 g/mol, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (135 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.), glycinamide hydrochloride (133 mg, 110.54 g/mol, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 eq.) and TEA (166 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.2 mmol, 1.2 eq.) in DMF/DCM (1/1 , 4 ml, dry) according to the procedure described in Example 2, step I.
• reaction product was first purified by silica gel chromatography and after that by automated RP-LC to obtain 289 mg (82 % yield) of (R)- ⁇ /-carbamoylmethyl-3-benzyloxy-2- ⁇ / ' -Boc-aminopropionamide in pure form.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 120 mg (32 % yield) of (Rj-4-methylnaphthalene-i -sulfonic acid (W-carbamoylmethylcarbamoyl-2- benzyioxyethyl)amide.
• reaction mixture was then filtered through celite and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 72 mg (25 % yield) of (S)-5-(thiophen-3-yloxy)-4-A/-Boe-1-/V ' -Z-pentane- 1 ,4-diamine.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 43 mg (48 % yield) of (S)-4- methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [4-( ⁇ /-Z-amino)-1 -(thiophen-3-yloxymethy!)- butyl]-amide.
• reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 67 mg (30 % yield) of (S)-5-(1-phenyl-ethoxy)-4- ⁇ /-Fmoc-1- ⁇ f- Boc-pentane-1 ,4-diamine.
• reaction product was purified by RP-HPLC to obtain 5.1 mg (24 % yield) of (S)-4-methyl- naphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid [4-( ⁇ /-Boc-amino)-1 -(1 -phenyl-ethoxy-methyl)-butyl]- amide.
• reaction product was purified by RP-HPLC to obtain 28 mg (11 % yield) of (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid (1- ⁇ /- phtaloyl-aminomethyl-3-benzyloxy-propyl)-amide.
• reaction mixture was first stirred overnight at room temperature and after that for 3 days at 40-50 0 C. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOH. The precipitate that formed was filtered off and was washed with EtOH. The filtrate was then evaporated to dryness and the reaction product was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 6.6 mg (32 % yield) of the title compound.
• (S)-4-methylnaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid (1-aminomethyl-3- benzyloxy-propyl)-amide (Example 56, 15.2 mg, 398.53 g/mol, 0.038 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was guanidylated according to the procedure described in Example 4, step I, except that the reaction time was overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with 10 % aq. citric acid and brine. The organic phase was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated.
• reaction product was purified first by silica gel chromatography and after that with preparative TLC to obtain 0.4 mg (2 % yield) of (S)-4-r ⁇ ethylnaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid [S-benzyloxy-i- ⁇ S- ⁇ /. ⁇ / ' -Boc-guanidino) aminomethyl-propyl)- amide.
• Boc-L-Omithinol(Z) (1 .13 g, 352.43 g/mol, 3.19 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was alkylated with 7-hydroxyisoquinoline (601 mg, 145.16 g/mol, 4.14 mmol) according to the procedure described in Example 40, step II. After silica gel chromatography purification 722 mg (47 % yield) of (S)-5-(isoquinolin-6-yloxy)- 4- ⁇ /-Boc-1- ⁇ T-Z-pentane-1 ,4-diamine were obtained.
• BoC-L-HiS(DNP)-OH IPA (0.963 g, 481.46 g/mol, 2.0 mmol, 1 eq, IRIS Biotech), DCC (0.495 g, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq) and HOBt (0.270 g, 2.0 mmol, 2 eq) were dissolved in 10 ml of DCM.
• Benzylamine (262 ⁇ l, 107.16 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm 3 , 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.

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