WO2005033068A1 - Somatostatin receptor 1 and/or 4 selective agonists and antagonists - Google Patents

Somatostatin receptor 1 and/or 4 selective agonists and antagonists Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005033068A1
WO2005033068A1 PCT/FI2004/000584 FI2004000584W WO2005033068A1 WO 2005033068 A1 WO2005033068 A1 WO 2005033068A1 FI 2004000584 W FI2004000584 W FI 2004000584W WO 2005033068 A1 WO2005033068 A1 WO 2005033068A1
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alkyl
compound
formula
amino
aryl
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PCT/FI2004/000584
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French (fr)
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Jussi Tomperi
Päivi HAUTAMÄKI
Harri Salo
Mia Engström
Anna-Marja Hoffrén
Siegfried Wurster
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Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd
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Priority claimed from FI20031456A external-priority patent/FI20031456A0/en
Application filed by Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd filed Critical Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd
Publication of WO2005033068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005033068A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/18—Sulfonamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/05—Dipeptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D211/62—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4
    • C07D211/66—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4 having a hetero atom as the second substituent in position 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • Somatostatin receptor 1 and/or 4 selective agonists and antagonists
  • the present invention relates to (hetero)arylsulfonylamino based peptidomimetics, which are useful for treating or diagnosing medical disorders related to somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4.
  • Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide found endogenously in two major forms made up of 14 (sst-14) or 28 (sst-28) amino acids.
  • the shorter sst-14 is identical in sequence to the C-terminal half of sst-28.
  • Somatostatin is produced widely in the body and acts both systemically and locally to inhibit the secretion of various hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters.
  • the biological effects of somatostatin are mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, of which five subtypes (SSTR1-5) have been cloned in humans (Reisine and Bell 1995; Patel 1999).
  • sst-28 has been reported to have a moderate preference for the SSTR5
  • the five subtypes are differentially expressed in different tissues and do also show some differences in their interaction with a number of signalling pathways.
  • the pleiotropic physiological responses mediated by somatostatin are a reflection of its widespread distribution and the existence of multiple receptor subtypes.
  • the family of five somatostatin receptor subtypes can be divided into two subfamilies: one sub- family made up of SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 and another subfamily made up of SSTR1 and SSTR4.
  • the former possesses high and the latter rather low affinity towards the aforementioned hexapeptide and octapeptide analogs (Hoyer et al. 1995).
  • SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 may be the optimal subtypes to prevent fibropro- liferative vasculopathy via a somatostatin receptor based therapy.
  • Curtis et al. (2000) have described SSTR1 and SSTR4 to represent the predominant subtypes expressed in human blood vessels and have proposed the use of SSTR1- or SSTR4-selective agonists for the treatment of endothelial cell-mediated proliferative diseases. Aavik et al.
  • SSTR1 -selective agonist may be useful for the treatment of SSTR1 bearing tumors.
  • SSTR1 receptors are ex- pressed in prostate cancer (Sinisi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 2001 ) but not in normal prostate tissue.
  • any SSTR1 selective ligand may be useful for the diagnosis of prostate tumors or tumors in other tissues expressing the SSTR1 subtype.
  • WO97/03054 and US6,221 ,870 describe benzo[g]quinoline-derived
  • the hippocampus is a brain structure closely linked to learning and memory as well as mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, the prominent role of the SSTR4 subtype in the hippocampus suggests that SSTR4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have therapeutic potential.
  • SSTR4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have therapeutic potential.
  • Mori et al. (1997) have shown that in the rat eye SSTR4 expression predominates in the posterior iris epithelium and ciliary body.
  • somatostatin lowers intraocular pressure (iop) and, based on these observations, they have suggested that SSTR4-selective ligands may be useful as anti-glaucoma agents.
  • Somatostatin has a very short biological half-life and is therefore unsuitable for therapeutic use.
  • a number of shorter hexa- and octapeptide ana- logs of somatostatin with improved biological stability have been identified (e.g. patents US 4,485,101 , US5,409,894 or WO97/47317).
  • these abbreviated peptide analogs are heavily biased in favour of the SSTR2,3,5 subfamily and do not show any significant interaction with the subtypes SSTR1 or SSTR4.
  • WO97/14715 and Rivier et al. (2001 ) describe a group of SSTR1 preferring undecapeptide agonists.
  • peptides also possess other problematic properties, which make them unsatisfactory as medicines. For example, peptides have a very limited ability to penetrate membranes. This is one of the reasons, why it is in most cases impossible to apply peptides via an oral route and why pep- tides generally do not reach the central nervous system. In recent years, a number of nonpeptide somatostatin agonists have been identified.
  • WO97/43278 describes a number of thiourea-based compounds that preferentially interact with the somatostatin SSTR4 and the histamin H 3 subtype.
  • US6,329,389 and US6,352,982 provide SSTR4-selective compounds centred around tetrahydroquinoline or 4,1- benzoxazepine scaffolds.
  • sulfonamido-peptidomimetics which have been presented in Brussaard et al. (1989), WO02/24192 and WO03/026575 in the context of another G-protein coupled receptor family, namely neuropeptide FF receptor.
  • Sulfonamide derivatives of monocyclic or bicyclic amino acids have also been described in US6.271.252 and US6.221.888 as cell adhesion molecule (CAM) antagonists which inhibit leukocyte adhesion and leukocyte adhesion-mediated pathologies.
  • CAM cell adhesion molecule
  • the present invention relates to non-peptide compounds possessing a high degree of selectivity towards the two receptor subtypes in the SSTR1/SSTR4 somatostatin receptor subfamily. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, based on their agonism or antagonism at SSTR1 or SSTR4 receptor, a wide variety of therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications may be prepared from the compounds of this invention: 1.
  • Compounds of the invention are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
  • the treatment of affective disorders includes bipolar disorders, e.g. manic- depressive psychoses, extreme psychotic states e.g.
  • mania and excessive mood swings for which a behavioural stabilization is being sought The treatment of anxiety states includes generalized anxiety as well as social anxiety, agoraphobia and those behavioural states characterized by social withdrawal, e.g. negative symptoms.
  • Compounds of the invention depending on their agonistic or an- tagonistic character on the SSTR1 or SSTR4, are advantageous in diseases involving pathological vascular proliferation, e.g. angiogenesis, restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization.
  • the an- giogenic disease may for example be age-related macular degeneration or vascular proliferation associated with surgical procedures, e.g. angioplasty and AV shunts.
  • arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis, plaque neovascularization, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial angiogenesis, valvular disease, myocardiac infarction, coronary collaterals, cerebral collaterals and ischemic limb angiogenesis.
  • Compounds of the invention are also indicated for the treatment of diseases connected to pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals. Such conditions may be high intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or deep ocular infections. Treatable diseases may e.g. be glaucoma, stromal keratitis, ulceris, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis.
  • Other diseases connected to the eye may be ocular and corneal angiogenic conditions, for exam- pie, corneal graft rejection, retrolental fibroplasia, Osier-Webber Syndrome or rubeosis. 4.
  • Compounds of the invention are also useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms connected to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, Doan syn- drome and orthostatic hypotension. 5.
  • Compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of a number of tumors such as e.g.
  • adenoma cells thyroid cancer, large bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, Gl tumors, cholan- giocarcinoma, hepatic cancer, vesical cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, os- teosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumors, thymoma, paragangliomas, prostate carcinomas, sarcomas, gas- troenteropancreatic tumors, gastric carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, ependymomas, renal cancers, leukemia e.g., leukemia of basophilic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • leukemia e.g., leukemia
  • Compounds of the invention can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs (such as brain, blood vessels or tumors) possessing SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors. 7. Compounds of the invention are useful for targeting tumors with cancer.
  • SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors using a compound of the invention conjugated with anti-cancer drugs directly or using a suitable spacer.
  • compounds of the invention are useful for wound healing, ovulation, menstruation, placentation, peptic ulcers, psoriasis, rheumatoid ar- thritis and Crohn's disease.
  • the invention relates to the use of compounds having general formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where interaction with somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful, (I) wherein Q is 1) H, 2) phenyl, or 3) a group of formula
  • R4 R5 wherein phenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from R a ;
  • A is a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens and the said ring can be unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R2 or -(CH 2 ) s -N(R2) 2 ; or
  • a and R3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered ring where the said ring is substituted by a group -(CH 2 ) S -N(R2) 2 ;
  • B is part of a ring system together with A; or B is H or methyl; D is aryl or heteroaryl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one to four groups selected from R d ;
  • R1 is or H or (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl;
  • Alkyl as well as other groups having the prefix "alk”, such as alkoxy, alkanoyl, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, (C C 3 )alkyl. Exam- pies of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, te/ ⁇ .-but.yl, pentyl, ⁇ eo-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and the like.
  • Alkenyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon- carbon double bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkenyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like.
  • Alkynyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon- carbon triple bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkynyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 2 -Cs)alkynyl. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propargyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 2-heptenyl, and the like. "Cycloalkyl” means mono- or bicyclic saturated carbocyclic rings, each of which having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the term also includes mono- cyclic rings fused to an aryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion. Size of the cycloalkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 3 -C )cycloalkyl, (C 5 - C ⁇ o)cycloalkyl.
  • cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, indanyl, and the like.
  • Aryl means mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings containing only carbon atoms.
  • the term also include aryl group fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion. Size of the aryl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 6 -C ⁇ 2 )aryl.
  • aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro- benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, 1 ,4-benzodioxanyl, and the like.
  • Heteroaryl means a mono- or bicyclic aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, with each ring containing 5 to 6 atoms.
  • the term also include heteroaryl group fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion.
  • heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, triazinyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, py- razinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothio- phenyl, furo(2,3b)pyridyl, quinolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl, and the like.
  • Heterocyclyl means mono- or bicyclic saturated rings containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S, each of said ring having from 5 to 8 atoms in which the point of attachment may be carbon or nitrogen.
  • the term also includes monocyclic heterocycle fused to an aryl or a heteroaryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion.
  • the term also includes partially unsaturated monocyclic rings that are not aromatic, such as 2- and 4-pyridones attached through the nitrogen.
  • heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, imidazolinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuro(2,3-b)pyridyl, benzoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroi- soquinolinyl, dihydroindonyl, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl-alkyl refers to a "cycloalkyl", as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above.
  • Size of the cycloalkyl and the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C 3 - C 7 )cycloalkyl(CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 5 )cycloalkyl(C ⁇ -C 2 )alkyl.
  • Representative examples of cycloalkyl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclohexylmethyl, 1- cyclohexylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, and the like.
  • aryl-alkyl refers to a "aryl”, as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the aryl or alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. aryl-(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, (C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )aryl-(CrC 3 )alkyl.
  • Representative examples of aryl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-naphthylmethyl, 1-(2- indanyl)ethyl, 2- tetrahydronaphthylethyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl-alkyl refers to a “heteroaryl”, as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. heteroaryl-(C ⁇ - Ce)alkyl, heteroaryl-(C ⁇ -C 2 )alkyl.
  • Representative examples of heteroaryl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-(2-pyridyl)propyl, 2-benzothiophenylmethyl, 4- (2-quinolyl)butyl, and the like.
  • Cy-alkyl refers to a “Cy”, as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. Cy-(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, Cy-(C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • Representative examples of Cy-alkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 1-(2- naphthyl)ethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, and the like.
  • halogen as employed herein, refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine.
  • the compounds of formula I, as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, are referred to below as the compounds of the invention, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the invention includes within its scope all the possible stereoisom- ers of the compounds, including geometric isomers, e.g. Z and E isomers (cis and trans isomers), and optical isomers, e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers.
  • the invention includes in its scope both the individual isomers and any mixtures thereof, e.g. racemic mixtures.
  • the individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be separated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods. For the separation of optical isomers, e.g.
  • enantiomers from the mixture thereof the conventional resolution methods, e.g. fractional crystallisation, may be used.
  • Some of the compounds may also exist as tautomers, namely hav- ing different points of attachment of hydrogen.
  • ketones can exist also in their enol form (keto-enol tautomerism).
  • the individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with the compounds of the inven- tion.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts e.g. acid addition salts with both organic and inorganic acids are well known in the field of pharmaceuticals.
  • Non-limiting examples of these salts include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, benzo- ates, salicylates and ascorbates.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable esters when applicable, may be prepared by known methods using pharmaceutically ac- ceptable acids that are conventional in the field of pharmaceuticals and that retain the pharmacological properties of the free form.
  • Non-limiting examples of these esters include esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and ter.-butyl esters.
  • compositions of the compounds of the invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
  • Formulations can for instance enable for oral, buccal, topical, intranasal, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • Compounds of the invention may also be formulated for sustained delivery.
  • forms of suitable compositions include but are not limited to tablets, chewable tablets and capsules. These may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinized maize starch), disintegrants (e.g. potato starch), fillers (e.g.
  • liquid preparations include but are not limited to solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may exist as dry powder for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle prior use. These liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable agents, such as sus- pending agents, non-aqueous vehicles, preservatives and emulsifyiers.
  • a possible dose of the active compounds of the invention for oral, parenteral, buccal or topical dose to the adult human is between 0.1 and 500 mg of the active compound per unit dose, which may administered, for instance, 1 to 4 times in a day.
  • the precise dose, the route of administration and the dosing interval can be determined by those skilled in the art. It is also well recognized that these variables depend on multiple factors including but not restricted to activity of the therapeutic compound, the formulation thereof, pharmacokinetic properties (such as absorption, distribution, metabo- lism and excretion) of the therapeutic compound, the nature and location of the target tissue or organ and the issues connected to the state of a disease or disorder in a patient in need of treatment. Additionally, when the compounds of the invention are administered with additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, one or more pharmaceutical compositions may be used for the delivery of all the agents, which may be administered together, or at different times, as determined by those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the current invention can be viewed as consisting of three different motifs: an 'aromatic part', a 'carboxylic acid' and a 'sulfon- ylamino' part.
  • the compounds of the invention are named as amides wherein the 'carboxylic acid' forms the parent structure, which is amidated by the 'aromatic part' and further substituted by the 'sulfonylamino' and an addi- tional basic function.
  • compounds in examples 4, 10 and 11 are named as derivatives of piperidine and pyrrolidine due to their structural differences. Naming is exemplified with the following structures:
  • R4 is preferably Cy or Cy-(CrC 3 )alkyl where Cy is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from R d ; even more preferred Cy is phenyl.
  • Preferred substituents for R4 in this embodiment are selected from halogen, (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl and -O(C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those wherein Q is and R5 is hydrogen or (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl and R4 is phenyl or benzyl, optionally substituted at positions 2 or 3 with one to two substituents selected from R c . Preferred substitutients for R4 are selected from halogen and (C- ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where R1 is (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl or more preferably hydrogen.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where k is 0.
  • Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where A contains a saturated 6 membered heterocyclic ring and j is 0.
  • the said ring contains at least one nitrogen in position 3 or 4.
  • R2 is preferably hydrogen or (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where A contains a saturated 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring and j is 1.
  • the said ring contains at least one nitrogen in position 3 or 4.
  • R2 is preferably hydrogen or (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where B is hydrogen.
  • Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where R3 is hydrogen or (CrC 6 )alkyl.
  • D is aryl, which is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from R d .
  • D is naphthyl, which is optionally substituted with one to two groups selected from R d and preferred substitutions are selected from halogen, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, -NR b R b and - OR b .
  • preferred substitutions are halogen and (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl.
  • R1 , R3, A, B, Q, h and j are as defined above under formula I, and R4.
  • R4 is defined above under formula I;
  • R5 is 1 ) H, 2) (d-C 6 )alkyl, 3) (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, 4) (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(d-C 6 )alkyl, 7) heteroaryl, 8) heteroaryl-(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl or 9) -C(O)NH 2 ; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to four substituents selected from R d ; or R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from R
  • R4 R5 R1 is H;
  • R2 is H or (C C 6 )alkyl;
  • R3 is H or (C ⁇ -C 3 )alkyl;
  • R4 is phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by a group selected from R a as defined above under formula I;
  • R6 is H, halogen, (d-C 6 )alkyl or -CF 3 ;
  • t is an integer 0 to 1
  • j is an integer 0 to 1 ;
  • A is selected from
  • Trt triphenylmethyl, trityl Compounds of the invention can be prepared using the following general synthetic schemes. Scheme 1. Solution phase synthesis scheme for the compounds of the invention
  • Rink and Trityl resins were obtained from Advanced ChemTech, UK.
  • the cyclic sidechain aminoacid derivatives were purchased from Novabio- chem, Switzerland.
  • DIC, HOBt, and piperidine were products of Acros Organ- ics, Belgium.
  • DIPEA was from Fluka AG, Germany. All the other reagents or solvents were purchased from Aldrich or Merck, Germany, if not otherwise specified. The reagents were used as such and solvents were purified and dried according the methods described in W.L.F. Armareggo and D.D. Perrin, "Purification of Laboratory Chemicals", 4 th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996, Bath, Great Britain.
  • MS analysis Molecular weights of the compounds were determined with Micro- mass Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Essential MS parameters were: cone voltage 30 V, capillary voltage 3.5 kV, low mass resolution on MS1 15, high mass resolution on MS1 15, ion energy on MS1 1.0, source temperature 110 °C, desolvation temperature 250 °C and desolvation gas flow 700 l/h. Samples were introduced by Waters Alliance 2695 HPLC. Flow rate of 0.3 ml/min was formed of 10% water and 90% MeOH eluent (containing 0.01% HCOOH). Sample volume of 10 ⁇ l was injected through a Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 10 mm C ⁇ 8 precolumn.
  • Flash Chromatography purification was conducted with Argonaut FlashMaster II Automated Purification System (Argonaut Technologies, UK) using normal phase columns (Supelco DSC-Si 20 g). Flow rate was 7 ml/min and detection wavelength 230 nm. Standard elution program was 25 minutes with the following gradient: 100% DCM for 3 minutes, followed by gradual increase up to 25% MeOH during 17 minutes and a gradual increase up to 100% MeOH during the final 5 minutes. After MS verification, fractions containing the product were combined and evaporated.
  • HPLC purity of the compounds was determined using Waters 616 pump, controlled by Waters 600 controller unit. Instrument was further equipped with Waters 2487 UV detector (detection wavelengths 254 nm and 220 nm). Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 50 mm C ⁇ 8 column with corresponding precolumn and a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min was used. Linear gradient starting from water (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (A) to acetonitrile (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (B) over 17 minutes and then 100% B for 1 minute was applied.
  • Example 1 Example 1
  • Step I ⁇ /-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol,
  • Step II Fmoc protection was removed by dissolving the product in 3 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF. After 45 minutes stirring, solvent and excess of piperidine were evaporated. Obtained 2-amino-2-( V ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)- ⁇ /"- phenylacetamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino-2-( ⁇ / ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)- ⁇ / " -phenylacetamide (0.32 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 ml, dry) and 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) in THF (5 ml, dry) was added. Finally TEA (64 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.2 eq, Baker) was added. After 15 min- utes, some precipitate was observed.
  • Step IV For Boc deprotection, 2-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-( ⁇ / ' -(1-naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino)- ⁇ / " -phenylacetamide was dissolved in 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (5 ml) and mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Solvent evaporation gave 73 mg (yield 54%) of 2-( ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-V ' -phenyl-2-piperidin-4- ylacetamide as a brown oil. The product was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 14 mg clear film, yield 10%.
  • Step I ⁇ /- ⁇ -Fmoc- ⁇ -(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and aniline (38 ⁇ l, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm 3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 238 mg of 3-(/V- Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2- ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino- ⁇ / " -phenylpropionamide as yellowish oil was obtained with a quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-3-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)- ⁇ / ' -phenyl- propionamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step IV Boc protecting group of 3-(V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2- ⁇ / ' -(1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl)amino- ⁇ f ' -phenylpropionamide was removed according to proce- dure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 3.1 mg of 2-( ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-/ ⁇ T- phenyl-3-(piperidin-3-yl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 2%.
  • 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CD 3 OD; ⁇ , ppm
  • 8.74-8.69 m, 1 H)
  • Step I ⁇ /-Fmoc- ⁇ -(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol,
  • Step II Fmoc protection of 2-(/V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(/V ' -Fmoc-amino)- ⁇ f ' - phenylacetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-2-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)- ⁇ / ' -phenylacetamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino-2-(/V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-/V ' -phenylacetamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to the procedure described in step III of exam- pie 1.
  • Step IV Boc protecting group of 2-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2- ⁇ / ' -(1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl)amino- ⁇ /"-phenylacetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1.
  • Step I 4-(/V-Fmoc-amino)-1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 466.5 g/mol, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) and aniline (38 ⁇ l, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm 3 , 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 230 mg of 4-(N- Fmoc-amino)- ⁇ / ' -phenyl- ⁇ /"-Boc-piperidine-4-carbamide as yellowish solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of the product after step I was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. 4-Amino- ⁇ /-phenyl- ⁇ / ' -Boc- piperidine-4-carbamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 4-Amino- ⁇ /-phenyl- ⁇ / ' -Boc-piperidine-4-carbamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 7 mg of 4-( ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-/V ' -phenyl- piperidine-4-carbamide as a clear film, yield 5%.
  • Step I ⁇ /- ⁇ -Fmoc- ⁇ -(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (44 ⁇ l, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm 3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 227 mg of N- benzyl-2-( ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino)-3-(V " -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of ⁇ /-benzyl-2-(V ' -Fmoc-amino)-3-piperidin-4-yl- propionamide was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino- ⁇ /-benzyl-3-( ⁇ / ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide was used without further purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino- ⁇ /-benzyl-3-(A/ ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1.
  • Step I ⁇ /-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (46 ⁇ l, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm 3 , 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 236 mg of N- benzyl-2-(/V ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-( ⁇ / " -Fmoc-amino)acetamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of ⁇ /-benzyl-2-( V ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(/V " -Fmoc- amino)acetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino- ⁇ /-benzyl-2-(/V ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)acetamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino- ⁇ /-benzyl-2-(V ' -Boc-piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1.
  • Step I ⁇ /- ⁇ -Fmoc- ⁇ -(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (44 ⁇ l, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm 3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 227 mg of N- benzyl-3-( ⁇ / ' -Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-( ⁇ / " -Fmoc-amino)propionamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of ⁇ /-benzyl-3-(V ' -Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-( ⁇ / " -Fmoc- amino)propionamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino-/V-benzyl-3-( ⁇ / ' -Boc-piperidin-3-yl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1.
  • Step I A/- ⁇ -Fmoc- ⁇ -(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and 2-phenylethylamine (49 mg, 121.0 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 237 mg of 3-(/V- Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-( ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino)- ⁇ / " -(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as yellowish oil was obtained with quantitative yield.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of 3-(/V-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(A/ ' -Fmoc-amino)- ⁇ / " - (2-phenylethyl)propionamide was removed according to the procedure de- scribed in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino-3-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)- ⁇ / ' -(2-phenylethyl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1.
  • Step V 2- ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-4-yl)- ⁇ /'-(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide (19 mg, 465.6 g/mol, 0.041 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in 0.25 ml of dry DMF under argon and chilled to 0 °C.
  • Step II Fmoc protection of 3-( ⁇ /-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-( ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino)- ⁇ / " - (2-phenylethyl)propionamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III 2-Amino-3-(A/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)- ⁇ / ' -(2-phenylethyl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the proce- dure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 45 mg of 2- ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin- 3-yl)- V ' -(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 31 %.
  • Step V 2- ⁇ /-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-3-yl)- ⁇ / ' -(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide (54.8 ⁇ mol) was dissolved in methanol containing 3A molecular sieves and acetic acid (3.8 ⁇ l, 60.05 g/mol, 65.7 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq, Baker), (l-ethoxycyclopropoxy)trimethylsilane (13.2 ⁇ l, 173,42 g/mol, 65.7 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq, Acros) and finally sodium cyanoborohydride (4.3 mg, 62.84 g/mol, 65.7 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq, Acros) were added.
  • Step I (2S,4S)-1 -A/-Boc-4-( ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (236.8 mg, 337.4 g/mol, 0.70 mmol , 1 eq, Neosystem), DIG (110 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm 3 , 0.70 mmol, 1 eq) and HOBt (95 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 0.70 mmol, 1 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF/DCM (1/1 , 5 ml).
  • Step II Boc protection was removed by dissolving the (2S,4S)- ⁇ /-benzyl-1- ⁇ f-Boc-4-( ⁇ /''-Fmoc-amino)pyrrolidine-2-carbamide in 5 ml of 25 vol-% TFA in DCM. After 2 hours solvent and excess of TFA were evaporated. Product was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III (2S,4S)- ⁇ /-Benzyl-4-( ⁇ / ' -Fmoc-amino)-1 -pyrrolidine-2-carbamide (0.39 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 ml, dry) and 4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (112 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 1.2 eq, May- bridge) in THF (2 ml, dry) and finally TEA (64 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.2 eq, Baker) were added. After overnight stirring, solvent was evaporated. Residue was purified with flash chromatography, and the product was used directly for the following step.
  • Step IV Fmoc protection was removed by dissolving the product after step III in 5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF. After 45 minutes stirring, solvent and excess of piperidine were evaporated. Flash chromatographic purification gave 124 mg of (2S,4S)-4-amino- ⁇ /-benzyl-1- ⁇ / ' -(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- pyrrolidine-2-carbamide as a white solid, yield 89%.
  • reaction was complete after overnight stirring at 50 °C.
  • the reaction mixture was quenched with water and solvent was evaporated.
  • the residue was dissolved in DCM and washed three times with water.
  • Organic phase was dried with Na 2 SO and evaporated.
  • Residue was purified with flash chromatography to give 34.2 mg of (2S,4S)- ⁇ /-benzyl-4-(A/ ' -isopropylamino)-1- ⁇ / " -(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbamide as a white solid, yield 89%.
  • Step I Rink amide resin (168.2 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.12 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and finally once with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
  • Step II Fmoc-L-Phe-OH (136.9 mg, 387.44 g/mol, 0.35 mmol, 3 eq) and DIG (55 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm 3 , 0.35 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF and after 5 minutes mixed with the resin. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-L-Phe-OH and DIG in dry DMF was introduced. After additional 3 hours of agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and once with THF.
  • Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
  • acetic anhydride 100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol
  • DIPEA 17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol
  • Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior the treatment with piperidine/DMF.
  • Step V ⁇ /-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (112.7 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.23 mmol, 2 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
  • Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
  • Step VII Fmoc protection of the amino acid attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior the treatment with piperidine/DMF.
  • Step VIII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (81.0 mg, 226.62 g/mol, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (3.0 ml), mixed with the resin and finally TEA (49.5 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DMF, once with THF and finally thrice with DCM.
  • Step IX Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (3.0 ml) for 45 minutes. Red solution was collected and evaporated. 70 mg of (1 ' S)-/V-(r-carbamoyl-2'- phenylethyl)-2-( ⁇ / ' -(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as a dark oil was obtained and further purified with RP-HPLC to give 28.2 mg of (1 ' S)- ⁇ /-(1 ' -carbamoyl-2 ' -phenylethyl)-2-( ⁇ / ' -(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino- 2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide; overall yield 59%.
  • Step I Rink amide resin (219.3 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.15 mmol) was washed twice with dry DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-
  • Step II Fmoc-L-Phe-OH (169.3 mg, 387.44 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) and DIG (72 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm 3 , 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF and after 5 minutes mixed with the resin. After 4 hours, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-L-Phe-OH and DIG in dry DMF was introduced. After overnight agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF. Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with acetic anhydride (100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol) and
  • Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treat- ment with piperidine/DMF.
  • Step V ⁇ /-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (221.3 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
  • Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
  • Step VII For Fmoc deprotection, resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step VIII.
  • Step VIII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (69.6 mg, 226.68 g/mol, 0.31 mmol, 2 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (2.5 ml), mixed with the resin and TEA (47 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.31 mmol, 2 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, twice with MeOH, twice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
  • Step IX Resin (0.15 mmol) was swollen with dry DMF (2.5 ml) and DBU (117 ⁇ l, 152.24 g/mol, 1.018 g/cm 3 , 0.77 mmol, 5 eq, Acros) was added. Methyl iodide (48 ⁇ l, 141.94 g/mol, 2.28 g/cm 3 , 0.77 mmol, 5 eq, Acros) was then introduced dropwise to the mixture. The resin was first agitated overnight at RT and after that for 5 hours at 55 °C. Solvent was then filtered and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and twice with THF.
  • Step X Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 45 minutes. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 55.6 mg of the crude product as dark oil was obtained. The product was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 8.8 mg of (1 ' S)- ⁇ /-(r-carbamoyl-2 ' -phenylethyl)-2- ⁇ / ' -methyl- ⁇ / ' -(1 - naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as white solid; yield 11 %.
  • Trityl resin (125.3 mg, 1.5 mmol/g, 0.19 mmol) was washed twice with dry DMF prior use.
  • Fmoc-phenylalaninol 210.6 mg, 373.45 g/mol, 0.56 mmol, 3 eq, Advanced ChemTech
  • DIPEA 97 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.56 mmol, 3 eq
  • solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-phenylalaninol and DIPEA in dry DMF was introduced.
  • After overnight agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
  • Step II Possibly unreacted chloro groups were capped by treating the resin with MeOH (300 ⁇ l, 32.04 g/mol, 0.79 g/cm 3 , 7.4 mmol) and DIPEA (100 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol) in dry DCM (1.7 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DCM, twice with MeOH, once with DMF and once with THF.
  • MeOH 300 ⁇ l, 32.04 g/mol, 0.79 g/cm 3 , 7.4 mmol
  • DIPEA 100 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol
  • Step III For Fmoc deprotection, resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step IV.
  • Step IV ⁇ /-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (270.9 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0,56 mmol, 3 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using same coupling agents and procedure as described in step II of example 12.
  • Step V Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with acetic anhydride (100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
  • acetic anhydride 100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol
  • DIPEA 17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol
  • Step VI Fmoc protection of the attached amino acid was removed according to procedure described in step III.
  • Step VII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (85.2 mg, 226.68 g/mol, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (2.5 ml), mixed with the resin and TEA (52 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, twice with MeOH, twice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
  • Step VIII Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 5 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 45 minutes. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 34.5 mg of crude product as a yellow oil was obtained. The product was further purified with RP- HPLC to give 11.3 mg of (1 'S)- ⁇ /-(1 '-hydroxymethyl-2 ' -phenylethyl)-2- ⁇ / ' - (1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as white solid; yield 12.5%.
  • Step I 2-V-(1-Naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino- ⁇ / ' -phenethyl-2-(piperidin-3- yl)acetamide (123 mg, 451.59g/mol, 0.27 mmol, 1 eq) prepared by a similar procedure as described in example 1 was dissolved in 4 ml of dry DCM/DMF (4/1 ) under argon and TEA (112 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.81 mmol, 3 eq) was added to the solution.
  • Step I H-L-Phe-NH 2 hydrochloride (276 mg, 200.7 g/mol, 1.38 mmol, 1.5 eq, Advanced ChemTech) was dissolved in dry DMF (2.5 ml) and TEA (229 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.8 eq, Baker) was added to the solution.
  • Step II Fmoc-protection of (1 ' S,2S)-V-(1 ' -carbamoyl-2 ' -phenylethyl)-2-( ⁇ f- Fmoc-amino)-3-(3- ⁇ / " -Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1.
  • (rS,2S)-2-Amino- ⁇ /-(r- carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3- ⁇ / ' -Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was used without purification for step III.
  • Step III (1 'S,2S)-2-Amino- ⁇ /-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3- ⁇ / ' -Trt- imidazol-4-yl)propionamide (0.41 mmol) was sulfonylated with 3- benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl chloride (95 mg, 232.71 g/mol, 0.41 mmol, 1.0 eq, Maybridge) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
  • Step IV Trityl protection was removed by dissolving the (1 ' S,2S)-2- ⁇ /-(3- benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino- ⁇ / ' -(r-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3-/V " - Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide in 4% TFA in DCM (4 ml). Thiophenol (400 ⁇ l) was added and mixture was stirred overnight at RT. Solvent was then evaporated and the product was purified with flash chromatography.
  • Binding affinity at the human somatostatin receptor subtypes The affinity of the compounds of the invention for the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1 , SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5) was determined in competition binding assays with ( 125 l-Tyr)- [Leu 8 ,DTrp 22 ]-somatostatin-28 ( 125 l-LTT-sst-28).
  • the biological material for these experiments consisted of membranes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with one of the five human somatostatin recep- tor subtypes.
  • Membranes (3-20 ⁇ g of total protein per sample) and trace amount of 125 l-LTT-sst-28 were incubated in 10 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgC , 5 mg/ml of BSA and 30 ⁇ g/ml bacitracin, pH 7.6 with six concentrations of the compounds. Each concentration was run in duplicate. Nonspecific binding was defined by 1 ⁇ M somatostatin-14 (sst-14) and corresponded to 5-25% of total binding.
  • sst-14 somatostatin-14
  • Kj Affinity constants

Abstract

The invention relates to (hetero)arylsulfonylamino based peptidomimetics of formula (I), wherein R1, R3, A, B, D, Q, h and j are defined as disclosed, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof. Compounds of formula (I) possess high affinity and selectivity for the somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 and can be used for the treatment or diagnosis of diseases or conditions wherein an interaction with SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 is indicated to be useful.

Description

Somatostatin receptor 1 and/or 4 selective agonists and antagonists
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to (hetero)arylsulfonylamino based peptidomimetics, which are useful for treating or diagnosing medical disorders related to somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4.
Background of the Invention Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide found endogenously in two major forms made up of 14 (sst-14) or 28 (sst-28) amino acids. The shorter sst-14 is identical in sequence to the C-terminal half of sst-28. Somatostatin is produced widely in the body and acts both systemically and locally to inhibit the secretion of various hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters. The biological effects of somatostatin are mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, of which five subtypes (SSTR1-5) have been cloned in humans (Reisine and Bell 1995; Patel 1999). The affinities of the two endogenous forms of somatostatin on the five subtypes are relatively similar (sst-28 has been reported to have a moderate preference for the SSTR5). However, the five subtypes are differentially expressed in different tissues and do also show some differences in their interaction with a number of signalling pathways. Thus, the pleiotropic physiological responses mediated by somatostatin are a reflection of its widespread distribution and the existence of multiple receptor subtypes. Based on their sequence similarity and their affinity towards a number of octapeptide and hexapeptide analogs to somatostatin, the family of five somatostatin receptor subtypes can be divided into two subfamilies: one sub- family made up of SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 and another subfamily made up of SSTR1 and SSTR4. The former possesses high and the latter rather low affinity towards the aforementioned hexapeptide and octapeptide analogs (Hoyer et al. 1995). Due to the availability of high affinity and selective ligands, the physiology of the SSTR2,3,5 subfamily has been more thoroughly character- ized and it appears that the 'classical' effects of somatostatin, such as very potent inhibition of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon and gastric acid release, are mediated either primarily or exclusively via members of this subfamily. Even though the physiology and pathophysiology of the subtypes SSTR1 and SSTR4 are less well understood, there have been a number of findings about the role of these subtypes described in scientific publications and the patenting literature. US6,124,256 reported that, given their localisation in the vascular wall and their time-related induction during the proliferative stage, SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 may be the optimal subtypes to prevent fibropro- liferative vasculopathy via a somatostatin receptor based therapy. In agree- ment with this, Curtis et al. (2000) have described SSTR1 and SSTR4 to represent the predominant subtypes expressed in human blood vessels and have proposed the use of SSTR1- or SSTR4-selective agonists for the treatment of endothelial cell-mediated proliferative diseases. Aavik et al. (2002) have demonstrated that a purportedly SSTR1- and SSTR4-selective peptide analogue of somatostatin (CH-275) is able to prevent intimal hyperplasia after rat carotid denudation injury. Taken together, these findings may explain why two peptide analogues of somatostatin, octreotide and lanreotide, which possess very high preferences for the subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5 but have rather low affinities for the subtypes SSTR1 or SSTR4, failed to show efficacy in clinical trials aim- ing at the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (Eriksen et al. 1995; van Essen et al. 1995). Due to the fact that SSTR1 activation causes antiproliferative effects, SSTR1 -selective agonist may be useful for the treatment of SSTR1 bearing tumors. For example, it has been described that SSTR1 receptors are ex- pressed in prostate cancer (Sinisi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 1997; Reubi et al. 2001 ) but not in normal prostate tissue. Independent of its functional properties as an agonists or an antagonist, any SSTR1 selective ligand may be useful for the diagnosis of prostate tumors or tumors in other tissues expressing the SSTR1 subtype. WO97/03054 and US6,221 ,870 describe benzo[g]quinoline-derived
(WO097/03054) or ergoline-derived (US6,221 ,870) SSTR1 -selective antagonist as lowering aggressive behavior in mice and, based on this observation, suggest such compounds to be useful for the treatment of depression, anxiety, affective disorders and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. According to Bito et al. (1994) the SSTR4 subtype is expressed at high levels in the rat hippocampus where somatostatin has been reported to play a significant role in the regulation of membrane conductance. Since the hippocampus is a brain structure closely linked to learning and memory as well as mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, the prominent role of the SSTR4 subtype in the hippocampus suggests that SSTR4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have therapeutic potential. Employing in situ hybridisation, Mori et al. (1997) have shown that in the rat eye SSTR4 expression predominates in the posterior iris epithelium and ciliary body. In addition, the authors have observed that somatostatin lowers intraocular pressure (iop) and, based on these observations, they have suggested that SSTR4-selective ligands may be useful as anti-glaucoma agents. Somatostatin has a very short biological half-life and is therefore unsuitable for therapeutic use. A number of shorter hexa- and octapeptide ana- logs of somatostatin with improved biological stability have been identified (e.g. patents US 4,485,101 , US5,409,894 or WO97/47317). However, these abbreviated peptide analogs are heavily biased in favour of the SSTR2,3,5 subfamily and do not show any significant interaction with the subtypes SSTR1 or SSTR4. In contrast, WO97/14715 and Rivier et al. (2001 ) describe a group of SSTR1 preferring undecapeptide agonists. However, besides their often rather short biological half-lives peptides also possess other problematic properties, which make them unsatisfactory as medicines. For example, peptides have a very limited ability to penetrate membranes. This is one of the reasons, why it is in most cases impossible to apply peptides via an oral route and why pep- tides generally do not reach the central nervous system. In recent years, a number of nonpeptide somatostatin agonists have been identified. Besides the already mentioned SSTR1 -selective antagonists reported in WO97/03054 and US6,221 ,870, WO97/43278 describes a number of thiourea-based compounds that preferentially interact with the somatostatin SSTR4 and the histamin H3 subtype. US6,329,389 and US6,352,982 provide SSTR4-selective compounds centred around tetrahydroquinoline or 4,1- benzoxazepine scaffolds. Rohrer et al. (1998) have been able to identify subtype-selective agonists for each of the five somatostatin receptor subtypes by employing a combinatorial chemistry strategy which incorporated the generally accepted hypothesis on the structure-activity-relationship of somatostatin receptor active compounds that the amino acid residues 8 and 9 in sst-14 (which consist of a tryptophan and a lysine) are essential for proper ligand-receptor interaction. The current invention describes a new class of somatostatin recep- tor ligands in the form of sulfonamido-peptidomimetics. These compounds are in part related to sulfonamido-peptidomimetics, which have been presented in Brussaard et al. (1989), WO02/24192 and WO03/026575 in the context of another G-protein coupled receptor family, namely neuropeptide FF receptor. Sulfonamide derivatives of monocyclic or bicyclic amino acids have also been described in US6.271.252 and US6.221.888 as cell adhesion molecule (CAM) antagonists which inhibit leukocyte adhesion and leukocyte adhesion-mediated pathologies.
Summary of the invention The present invention relates to non-peptide compounds possessing a high degree of selectivity towards the two receptor subtypes in the SSTR1/SSTR4 somatostatin receptor subfamily. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, based on their agonism or antagonism at SSTR1 or SSTR4 receptor, a wide variety of therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications may be prepared from the compounds of this invention: 1. Compounds of the invention are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The treatment of affective disorders includes bipolar disorders, e.g. manic- depressive psychoses, extreme psychotic states e.g. mania and excessive mood swings for which a behavioural stabilization is being sought. The treatment of anxiety states includes generalized anxiety as well as social anxiety, agoraphobia and those behavioural states characterized by social withdrawal, e.g. negative symptoms. 2. Compounds of the invention, depending on their agonistic or an- tagonistic character on the SSTR1 or SSTR4, are advantageous in diseases involving pathological vascular proliferation, e.g. angiogenesis, restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization. The an- giogenic disease may for example be age-related macular degeneration or vascular proliferation associated with surgical procedures, e.g. angioplasty and AV shunts. Other possible uses are the treatments of arteriosclerosis, plaque neovascularization, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial angiogenesis, valvular disease, myocardiac infarction, coronary collaterals, cerebral collaterals and ischemic limb angiogenesis. 3. Compounds of the invention are also indicated for the treatment of diseases connected to pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals. Such conditions may be high intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or deep ocular infections. Treatable diseases may e.g. be glaucoma, stromal keratitis, iritis, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis. Other diseases connected to the eye may be ocular and corneal angiogenic conditions, for exam- pie, corneal graft rejection, retrolental fibroplasia, Osier-Webber Syndrome or rubeosis. 4. Compounds of the invention are also useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms connected to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, Doan syn- drome and orthostatic hypotension. 5. Compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of a number of tumors such as e.g. the proliferation of adenoma cells, thyroid cancer, large bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, Gl tumors, cholan- giocarcinoma, hepatic cancer, vesical cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, os- teosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumors, thymoma, paragangliomas, prostate carcinomas, sarcomas, gas- troenteropancreatic tumors, gastric carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, ependymomas, renal cancers, leukemia e.g., leukemia of basophilic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 6. Compounds of the invention can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs (such as brain, blood vessels or tumors) possessing SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors. 7. Compounds of the invention are useful for targeting tumors with
SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors using a compound of the invention conjugated with anti-cancer drugs directly or using a suitable spacer. 8. Finally, compounds of the invention are useful for wound healing, ovulation, menstruation, placentation, peptic ulcers, psoriasis, rheumatoid ar- thritis and Crohn's disease.
Detailed description of the Invention The invention relates to the use of compounds having general formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where interaction with somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful,
Figure imgf000008_0001
(I) wherein Q is 1) H, 2) phenyl, or 3) a group of formula
R4 R5 wherein phenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from Ra; A is a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens and the said ring can be unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R2 or -(CH2)s-N(R2)2; or A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens and the said ring can be unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R2 or - (CH2)S-N(R2)2; or A and R3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered ring where the said ring is substituted by a group -(CH2)S-N(R2)2;
Possible structures of A (or A and B together) include, but are not restricted to, the following:
Figure imgf000009_0001
*
Figure imgf000009_0002
wherein asterisk (*) indicates the point of attachment; B is part of a ring system together with A; or B is H or methyl; D is aryl or heteroaryl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one to four groups selected from Rd; R1 is or H or (Cι-C6)alkyl; R2 is independently 1 ) H, 2) (CrC6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, 6) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(Cι-C6)alkyl or 7) -C(=NRb)NRbRb; wherein Rb and Rb can also form a 5 to 6 membered unsaturated or saturated ring; or R2 and R2 together with the atom(s) to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; R3 is 1 ) H, 2) (C C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl or 5) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl; R4 is 1 ) H, 2) (C C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) Cy, 6) Cy-(Cι-C6)alkyl, 7) Cy-(C2-C6)alkenyl or 8) Cy-(C2-C6)alkynyl; wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and Cy are each optionally substi- tuted with one to two substituents selected from Rd; R5 is 1 ) H, 2) (C C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(C1-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl, 8) heteroaryl-(C1-C6)alkyl or 9) -(CH2)kC(O)NHRb; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from Rd; or R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3 to 7 membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; Ra is independently 1 ) H, 2) halogen, 3) -ORb, 4) (d-C6)alkyl, 5) -CF3; Rb is independently 1 ) hydrogen, 2) (Chalky., 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) Cy or 6) Cy-(C C4)alkyl; Rd is independently 1 ) a group selected from Rc, 2) (d-CβJalkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(Cι-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl-(C1-C6)alkyl, 8) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or 9) heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from Rc; Rc is independently 1 ) a group selected from Ra, 2) -N02, 3) -SRb, 4) -NRbRb, 5) -CN or 6) -NRbC(O)Rb; h is an integer 0 or 1 ; k is an integer 0 or 1 ; j is an integer 0 to 2; s is an integer 0 or 1 ; and Cy is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl. "Alkyl", as well as other groups having the prefix "alk", such as alkoxy, alkanoyl, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (Cι-C6)alkyl, (C C3)alkyl. Exam- pies of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, te/ι.-but.yl, pentyl, πeo-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and the like. "Alkenyl" means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon- carbon double bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkenyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C2-C6)alkenyl, (C2-C8)alkenyl. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like. "Alkynyl" means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon- carbon triple bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Size of the alkynyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C2-C6)alkynyl, (C2-Cs)alkynyl. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propargyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 2-heptenyl, and the like. "Cycloalkyl" means mono- or bicyclic saturated carbocyclic rings, each of which having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The term also includes mono- cyclic rings fused to an aryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion. Size of the cycloalkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C3-C )cycloalkyl, (C5- Cιo)cycloalkyl. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, indanyl, and the like. "Aryl" means mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings containing only carbon atoms. The term also include aryl group fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion. Size of the aryl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C6-Cι2)aryl. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro- benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl, 1 ,4-benzodioxanyl, and the like. "Heteroaryl" means a mono- or bicyclic aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, with each ring containing 5 to 6 atoms. The term also include heteroaryl group fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl group in which the point of attachment is on the aromatic portion. Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, triazinyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, py- razinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothio- phenyl, furo(2,3b)pyridyl, quinolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl, and the like. "Heterocyclyl" means mono- or bicyclic saturated rings containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S, each of said ring having from 5 to 8 atoms in which the point of attachment may be carbon or nitrogen. The term also includes monocyclic heterocycle fused to an aryl or a heteroaryl group in which the point of attachment is on the non-aromatic portion. Furthermore, the term also includes partially unsaturated monocyclic rings that are not aromatic, such as 2- and 4-pyridones attached through the nitrogen. Other examples of heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, imidazolinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuro(2,3-b)pyridyl, benzoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroi- soquinolinyl, dihydroindonyl, and the like. The term "cycloalkyl-alkyl", as employed herein, refers to a "cycloalkyl", as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the cycloalkyl and the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. (C3- C7)cycloalkyl(CrC6)alkyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkyl(Cι-C2)alkyl. Representative examples of cycloalkyl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclohexylmethyl, 1- cyclohexylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, and the like. The term "aryl-alkyl", as employed herein, refers to a "aryl", as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an (Cι-C6)alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the aryl or alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. aryl-(Cι-C6)alkyl, (Cβ- Cι2)aryl-(CrC3)alkyl. Representative examples of aryl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-naphthylmethyl, 1-(2- indanyl)ethyl, 2- tetrahydronaphthylethyl, and the like. The term "heteroaryl-alkyl", as employed herein, refers to a "heteroaryl", as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. heteroaryl-(Cι- Ce)alkyl, heteroaryl-(Cι-C2)alkyl. Representative examples of heteroaryl-alkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-(2-pyridyl)propyl, 2-benzothiophenylmethyl, 4- (2-quinolyl)butyl, and the like. The term "Cy-alkyl", as employed herein, refers to a "Cy", as defined above, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined above. Size of the alkyl can further be specified by adding the number of carbons in front of the group, e.g. Cy-(Cι-C6)alkyl, Cy-(Cι-C3)alkyl. Representative examples of Cy-alkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 1-(2- naphthyl)ethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, and the like. The term "halogen", as employed herein, refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine. The compounds of formula I, as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, are referred to below as the compounds of the invention, unless otherwise indicated. The invention includes within its scope all the possible stereoisom- ers of the compounds, including geometric isomers, e.g. Z and E isomers (cis and trans isomers), and optical isomers, e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers. Furthermore, the invention includes in its scope both the individual isomers and any mixtures thereof, e.g. racemic mixtures. The individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be separated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods. For the separation of optical isomers, e.g. enantiomers, from the mixture thereof the conventional resolution methods, e.g. fractional crystallisation, may be used. Some of the compounds may also exist as tautomers, namely hav- ing different points of attachment of hydrogen. For instance, ketones can exist also in their enol form (keto-enol tautomerism). The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with the compounds of the inven- tion. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, e.g. acid addition salts with both organic and inorganic acids are well known in the field of pharmaceuticals. Non-limiting examples of these salts include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, benzo- ates, salicylates and ascorbates. Pharmaceutically acceptable esters, when applicable, may be prepared by known methods using pharmaceutically ac- ceptable acids that are conventional in the field of pharmaceuticals and that retain the pharmacological properties of the free form. Non-limiting examples of these esters include esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and ter.-butyl esters. The pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of the invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. Formulations can for instance enable for oral, buccal, topical, intranasal, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or administration by inhalation or insufflation. Compounds of the invention may also be formulated for sustained delivery. For oral administration, forms of suitable compositions include but are not limited to tablets, chewable tablets and capsules. These may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinized maize starch), disintegrants (e.g. potato starch), fillers (e.g. lactose) or lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate). Tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art. For oral administration, possible liquid preparations include but are not limited to solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may exist as dry powder for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle prior use. These liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable agents, such as sus- pending agents, non-aqueous vehicles, preservatives and emulsifyiers. A possible dose of the active compounds of the invention for oral, parenteral, buccal or topical dose to the adult human is between 0.1 and 500 mg of the active compound per unit dose, which may administered, for instance, 1 to 4 times in a day. It is well recognized that the precise dose, the route of administration and the dosing interval can be determined by those skilled in the art. It is also well recognized that these variables depend on multiple factors including but not restricted to activity of the therapeutic compound, the formulation thereof, pharmacokinetic properties (such as absorption, distribution, metabo- lism and excretion) of the therapeutic compound, the nature and location of the target tissue or organ and the issues connected to the state of a disease or disorder in a patient in need of treatment. Additionally, when the compounds of the invention are administered with additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, one or more pharmaceutical compositions may be used for the delivery of all the agents, which may be administered together, or at different times, as determined by those skilled in the art. The compounds of the current invention can be viewed as consisting of three different motifs: an 'aromatic part', a 'carboxylic acid' and a 'sulfon- ylamino' part. Thus, the compounds of the invention are named as amides wherein the 'carboxylic acid' forms the parent structure, which is amidated by the 'aromatic part' and further substituted by the 'sulfonylamino' and an addi- tional basic function. However, compounds in examples 4, 10 and 11 are named as derivatives of piperidine and pyrrolidine due to their structural differences. Naming is exemplified with the following structures:
Figure imgf000016_0001
2-/V-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-A/'-phenyl-2-piperidin-4-ylacetamide
Figure imgf000016_0002
3-(Λ/-cyclopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2- phenylethyl)propionamide. One preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those wherein Q is
Figure imgf000016_0003
and R5 is -C(O)NH2. For this purpose R4 is preferably Cy or Cy-(CrC3)alkyl where Cy is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; even more preferred Cy is phenyl. Preferred substituents for R4 in this embodiment are selected from halogen, (Cι-C3)alkyl and -O(Cι-C3)alkyl. Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those wherein Q is
Figure imgf000017_0001
and R5 is hydrogen or (Cι-C3)alkyl and R4 is phenyl or benzyl, optionally substituted at positions 2 or 3 with one to two substituents selected from Rc. Preferred substitutients for R4 are selected from halogen and (C-ι-C3)alkyl. Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where R1 is (Cι-C3)alkyl or more preferably hydrogen. Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where k is 0. Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where A contains a saturated 6 membered heterocyclic ring and j is 0. For this purpose the said ring contains at least one nitrogen in position 3 or 4. For the purpose of A, R2 is preferably hydrogen or (Cι-C3)alkyl. Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where A contains a saturated 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring and j is 1. For this purpose the said ring contains at least one nitrogen in position 3 or 4. For the purpose of A, R2 is preferably hydrogen or (Cι-C3)alkyl. Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where B is hydrogen. Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where R3 is hydrogen or (CrC6)alkyl. Yet another preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula I are those where D is aryl, which is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd. In a more preferred embodiment D is naphthyl, which is optionally substituted with one to two groups selected from Rd and preferred substitutions are selected from halogen, (Cι-C6)alkyl, -NRbRb and - ORb. Even more preferred substitutions are halogen and (Cι-C3)alkyl. In another aspect the invention provides novel compounds of Formula II,
Figure imgf000017_0002
(II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein
R1 , R3, A, B, Q, h and j are as defined above under formula I, and R4. when Q is a group of formula R5 , then R4 is defined above under formula I; R5 is 1 ) H, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(d-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl, 8) heteroaryl-(Cι-C6)alkyl or 9) -C(O)NH2; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to four substituents selected from Rd; or R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; R6 is independently 1 ) H, 2) halogen, 3) -NO2l 4) -NRbRb, 5) -CN, 6) -ORb, 7) -SRb, 8) -C(O)Rb, 9) (d-C6)alkyl, 10) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 11 ) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 12) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or 13) -CF3; L is C(R6), S or N; t is an integer from 0 to 3; X is a bond or C(R6); and Rb and Rd are as defined above under Formula I; with the proviso that when R5 is -C(O)NH2 and j is 0, then A is not 4-pyridinyl or 2-pyrrolidinyl. In a more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula II, Q is
R4 R5 R1 is H; R2 is H or (C C6)alkyl; R3 is H or (Cι-C3)alkyl; R4 is phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by a group selected from Ra as defined above under formula I; R6 is H, halogen, (d-C6)alkyl or -CF3; t is an integer 0 to 1 , j is an integer 0 to 1 ; A is selected from
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein asterisk (*) indicates the point of attachment; B is H; L is C(R6), X is C(R6) and R5 is as defined above under formula II.
Experimental part
List of abbreviations:
ACN acetonitrile
Boc terf-butyloxycarbonyl BSA bovine serum albumin
DBU 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
DCM dichloromethane
DIG diisopropylcarbodiimide
DIPEA Λ/,Λ/-diisopropylethylamine DMF Λ/,Λ/-dimethylformamide
EDTA ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid
ESI electrospray ionization
Fmoc 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
HEPES Λ/-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-Λ/'-2-ethanesulfonic acid HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
LC liquid chromatography
MS mass spectrometry
PG protecting group RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
TEA triethylamine
TFA trifluoroacetic acid
THF tetrahydrofuran
TLC thin layer chromatography TMOF trimethyl orthoformate
TMS tetramethylsilane
TRIS tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
Trt triphenylmethyl, trityl Compounds of the invention can be prepared using the following general synthetic schemes. Scheme 1. Solution phase synthesis scheme for the compounds of the invention
Figure imgf000021_0001
1 eq 1 eq
Figure imgf000021_0002
1) DIG, HOBt, DMF/DCM (1/1 , dry) 2) Removal of PG 3) TEA, THF/DMF (dry) 4) Removal of possibly remaining protecting groups
Scheme 2. Solid phase synthesis scheme for the compounds of the invention*
Rink — NHFmoc Rink— NH2 +
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0002
Cleavage
Figure imgf000022_0004
Figure imgf000022_0003
* For the sake of simplicity of the scheme, h and k as defined in formula (I) and formula (II) are presented with values of 0. However, it is emphasised that within the scope of the invention both can independently De selected from 0 or 1. 1) 20 % piperidine in DMF (dry) 2) DIG, DMF (dry) 3) AC20, DIPEA, DMF (dry) 4) TEA, THF (dry)
It's evident for a person skilled in the art that these general schemes can be further modified for example by using different protecting groups (e.g. those described in T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, "Protective Groups in Or- ganic Synthesis", 2nd ed. Wiley, 1991 , New York, US), or by adding or remov- ing steps in between or after the described steps, which enable additional synthetic modifications including, but not limited to, examples given.
Starting materials Rink and Trityl resins were obtained from Advanced ChemTech, UK. The cyclic sidechain aminoacid derivatives were purchased from Novabio- chem, Switzerland. DIC, HOBt, and piperidine were products of Acros Organ- ics, Belgium. DIPEA was from Fluka AG, Germany. All the other reagents or solvents were purchased from Aldrich or Merck, Germany, if not otherwise specified. The reagents were used as such and solvents were purified and dried according the methods described in W.L.F. Armareggo and D.D. Perrin, "Purification of Laboratory Chemicals", 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996, Bath, Great Britain.
General description of MS analysis Molecular weights of the compounds were determined with Micro- mass Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Essential MS parameters were: cone voltage 30 V, capillary voltage 3.5 kV, low mass resolution on MS1 15, high mass resolution on MS1 15, ion energy on MS1 1.0, source temperature 110 °C, desolvation temperature 250 °C and desolvation gas flow 700 l/h. Samples were introduced by Waters Alliance 2695 HPLC. Flow rate of 0.3 ml/min was formed of 10% water and 90% MeOH eluent (containing 0.01% HCOOH). Sample volume of 10 μl was injected through a Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 10 mm Cι8 precolumn.
General description of LC-MS analysis For LC-MS analysis the gradient started from 100% water (contain- ing 0.01% HCOOH) (A) which changed linearly in ten minutes to 100% ACN (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (B). In addition, the Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 50 mm Cis column with a corresponding precolumn was flushed for two minutes with B. Flow rate was 0.4 ml/min and 10 μl of sample was injected. Some essential MS parameters were increased compared to standard MS analysis: desolvation temperature to 350°C and desolvation gas flow to 900 l/h. UV chromatogram was recorded with Waters 996 diode array detector. General description of NMR analysis NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker DMX 500 spectrometer operating at 500.13 MHz for 1H. CD3OD was used as solvent and TMS as internal standard. In case of the product being a mixture of diastereomers, only the signals corresponding to one of the diasteromers are given.
General description of Flash Chromatography purification Flash Chromatographic purification was conducted with Argonaut FlashMaster II Automated Purification System (Argonaut Technologies, UK) using normal phase columns (Supelco DSC-Si 20 g). Flow rate was 7 ml/min and detection wavelength 230 nm. Standard elution program was 25 minutes with the following gradient: 100% DCM for 3 minutes, followed by gradual increase up to 25% MeOH during 17 minutes and a gradual increase up to 100% MeOH during the final 5 minutes. After MS verification, fractions containing the product were combined and evaporated.
General description of RP-HPLC purification Semi-preparative RP-HPLC purifications were done with Waters 616 pump, controlled by Waters 600 controller unit. Instrument was equipped with Waters 2487 UV detector and Waters fraction collector. Xterra Prep Cιβ RP 10 X 150 mm column with 7.8 X 20 mm precolumn was used for purifica- tions. Flow rate was 6.6 ml/min and the detection wavelength 254 nm. Gradient started with water (containing 0.3% HCOOH) (A) which was linearly changed to ACN (containing 0.3% HCOOH) (B) within ten minutes. In addition, column was flushed with B for two minutes. Fraction collector was programmed to collect 30 s fractions of the run. The fractions were analysed by MS.
General description of LC purity analysis HPLC purity of the compounds was determined using Waters 616 pump, controlled by Waters 600 controller unit. Instrument was further equipped with Waters 2487 UV detector (detection wavelengths 254 nm and 220 nm). Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 50 mm Cι8 column with corresponding precolumn and a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min was used. Linear gradient starting from water (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (A) to acetonitrile (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (B) over 17 minutes and then 100% B for 1 minute was applied. Example 1
Synthesis of 2-(/V-(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-ΛT-phenyl-2-piperidin-4- ylacetamide
Step I Λ/-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol,
0.41 mmol, 1 eq), DIC (65 μl, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm3, 0.41 mmol, 1 eq) and HOBt (56 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 0.41 mmol, 1 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF/DCM (1/1 , 5 ml). After 5 minutes, aniline (38 μl, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm3 0.41 mmol, 1 eq) was added to the reaction mixture. After overnight stirring, solvent was evaporated and the brownish residue was dissolved in 20 ml DCM and washed three times with 10 ml water. Organic phase was dried with Na2SO4 and evaporated. Residue was purified with flash chromatography. 181 mg of 2-(/V- Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-A/'-Fmoc-amino-Λ/"-phenylacetamide was obtained with 79% yield.
Step II Fmoc protection was removed by dissolving the product in 3 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF. After 45 minutes stirring, solvent and excess of piperidine were evaporated. Obtained 2-amino-2-( V'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-Λ/"- phenylacetamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-2-(Λ/'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-Λ/"-phenylacetamide (0.32 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 ml, dry) and 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) in THF (5 ml, dry) was added. Finally TEA (64 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 1.2 eq, Baker) was added. After 15 min- utes, some precipitate was observed. After overnight stirring solvent was evaporated and the residue purified with flash chromatography to give 2-(/V- Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-Λ/"-phenylacetamide, which was used immediately for the following step.
Step IV For Boc deprotection, 2-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(Λ/'-(1-naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino)-Λ/"-phenylacetamide was dissolved in 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (5 ml) and mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Solvent evaporation gave 73 mg (yield 54%) of 2-(Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-V'-phenyl-2-piperidin-4- ylacetamide as a brown oil. The product was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 14 mg clear film, yield 10%.
Figure imgf000026_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.72 (d, 1 H), 8.25 (d, 1 H), 7.94 (d,1 H), 7.84 (d, 1 H),7.68 (t, 1 H), 7.57 (t, 1 H), 7.46 (t, 1 H), 7.12 (t, 2H), 7.00 (t, 1 H), 6.90 (d, 2H), 3.71 (d, 1 H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.10 (d, 1 H), 1.97 (m, 1 H), 1.73 (d, 1 H), 1.61 (m, 1 H), 1.45 (m, 1 H).
Example 2
Synthesis of 2-(/V-(1 -naphthalenesuIfonyl)amino)-W-phenyl-3-(piperidin- 3-yl)propionamide
Step I Λ/-α-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and aniline (38 μl, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 238 mg of 3-(/V- Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-Fmoc-amino-Λ/"-phenylpropionamide as yellowish oil was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-3-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-phenyl- propionamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-amino-3-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-phenylpropionamide
(0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to procedure described in step III of example 1.
Step IV Boc protecting group of 3-(V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl)amino-Λf'-phenylpropionamide was removed according to proce- dure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 3.1 mg of 2-(Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-/\T- phenyl-3-(piperidin-3-yl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 2%.
Figure imgf000027_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.74-8.69 (m, 1 H), 8.48 (br s,
1 H), 8.25 (d, 1 H), 7.98-7.92 (m, 1 H), 7.88-7.82 (m, 1 H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 1 H), 7.57 (m, 1 H), 7.47 (m, 1 H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 2H), 7.03-6.99 (m, 1 H), 6.90 (d, 1 H), 6.84 (d, 1 H), 3.83-3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (d, 1 H), 3.23 (d, 1 H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, 1 H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1 H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.29 (m, 1 H).
Example 3
Synthesis of 2-Λ/-(1 -naphthalenesuIfonyI)amino-ΛT-phenyl-2-(piperϊdin-3- yl)acetamide
Step I Λ/-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol,
0.42 mmol, 1 eq) and aniline (38 μl, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm3 , 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 233 mg of 2-(A/-Boc-piperidin- 3-yl)-2-(V'-Fmoc-amino)-Λ/"-phenylacetamide as yellowish solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of 2-(/V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(/V'-Fmoc-amino)-Λf '- phenylacetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-2-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-phenylacetamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-2-(/V-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-/V'-phenylacetamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to the procedure described in step III of exam- pie 1. Step IV Boc protecting group of 2-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-phenylacetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 32 mg of 2-V-(1-naphthalene-sulfonyl)amino-Λ/'-phenyl- 2-(piperidin-3-yl)acetamide as a clear film, yield 24%.
Figure imgf000028_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.73 (d, 1 H), 8.47 (d, 1 H), 8.26 (m, H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, 1 H), 7.70 (m, 1 H), 7.59 (m, 1 H), 7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.14 (m, 1 H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, 1 H), 4.00-3.94 (m, 1 H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.26 (m, 1 H).
Example 4
Synthesis of 4-(Λ/-(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-ΛT-phenyl-piperidine-4- carbamide
Step I 4-(/V-Fmoc-amino)-1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 466.5 g/mol, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) and aniline (38 μl, 93.0 g/mol, 1.022 g/cm3, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 230 mg of 4-(N- Fmoc-amino)-Λ/'-phenyl-Λ/"-Boc-piperidine-4-carbamide as yellowish solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of the product after step I was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. 4-Amino-Λ/-phenyl-Λ/'-Boc- piperidine-4-carbamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III 4-Amino-Λ/-phenyl-Λ/'-Boc-piperidine-4-carbamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to procedure described in step III of example 1. Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 7 mg of 4-(Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)-/V'-phenyl- piperidine-4-carbamide as a clear film, yield 5%. MS-ESI+ (m/z): 410 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.77 (d, 1 H), 8.49 (s, 1 H), 8.21 (d, 1 H), 8.05 (d, 1 H), 7.92 (d, 1 H), 7.72 (t, 1 H), 7.59 (t, 1 H), 7.49 (t, 1 H), 7.22- 7.16 (m, 4H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1 H), 3.13-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.36- 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.22 (m, 2H).
Example 5
Synthesis of Λ/-benzyl-2-Λf -(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-4- yl)propionamide
Step I Λ/-α-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (44 μl, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 227 mg of N- benzyl-2-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)-3-(V"-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of Λ/-benzyl-2-(V'-Fmoc-amino)-3-piperidin-4-yl- propionamide was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-Λ/-benzyl-3-(Λ/'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide was used without further purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-Λ/-benzyl-3-(A/'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1. Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 21 mg of Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthaIenesulfonyl)amino- 3-(piperidin-4-yl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 15%.
Figure imgf000030_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.76 (d, 1 H), 8.27 (d, 1 H), 8.18 (d, 1 H), 8.06 (d, 1 H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 1 H) 7.60-7.57 (m, 1 H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.20 (m, 1 H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.71- 3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.18-3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.37 (m, 1 H), 1.79- 1.74 (m, 1 H), 1.62-1.60 (m, 1 H), 1.56-1.51 (m, 1 H), 1.44-1.38 (m, 1 H), 1.26- 1.14 (m, 2H), 1.04-0.94 (m, 2H).
Example 6
Synthesis of Λ/-benzyl-2-ΛT-(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4- yl)acetamide
Step I Λ/-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (200 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (46 μl, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm3 , 0.42 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 236 mg of N- benzyl-2-(/V'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(Λ/"-Fmoc-amino)acetamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of Λ/-benzyl-2-( V'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(/V"-Fmoc- amino)acetamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Obtained 2-amino-Λ/-benzyl-2-(/V'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)acetamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-Λ/-benzyl-2-(V'-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1. Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 52 mg of Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino- 2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as a clear film, yield 37%.
Figure imgf000031_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.71 (d, 1 H), 8.21 (d, 1 H), 8.15
(d, 1 H), 8.02 (d, 1 H), 7.69 (t, 1 H), 7.64 (t, 1 H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 1 H), 7.23-7.19 (m,
3H), 6.94-6.92 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.61 (d, 1 H), 3.29-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.81 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 1 H), 1.55-1.47 (m, 1 H), 1.39-
1.31 (m, 1 H).
Example 7
Synthesis of Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-3- yl)propionamide
Step I Λ/-α-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and benzylamine (44 μl, 107.2 g/mol, 0.981 g/cm3 , 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography, 227 mg of N- benzyl-3-(Λ/'-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/"-Fmoc-amino)propionamide as a light yellow solid was obtained with a quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of Λ/-benzyl-3-(V'-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/"-Fmoc- amino)propionamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-/V-benzyl-3-(Λ/'-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1. Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 42 mg of Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino- 3-(piperidin-3-yl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 29%.
Figure imgf000032_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.73-8.69 (m, 1 H); 8.25-8.21
(m, 1 H), 8.17-8.14 (m, 1 H), 8.04-8.01 (m, 1 H), 7.73-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.51
(m, 1 H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.98 (m, 1 H), 6.87-6.86 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.77 (m, 3H), 3.46-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.85-2.68 (m, 1 H), 2.62-2.48 (m, 1 H), 2.05-1.65
(m, 2H), 1.60-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.36 (m, 1 H), 1.23-1.06 (m, H).
Example 8
Synthesis of 3-(Λ/-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-ΛT-(1 -naphthalene-sulfonyl)- amino-ΛT'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide
Step I A/-α-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and 2-phenylethylamine (49 mg, 121.0 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 237 mg of 3-(/V- Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)-Λ/"-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as yellowish oil was obtained with quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of 3-(/V-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-2-(A/'-Fmoc-amino)-Λ/"- (2-phenylethyl)propionamide was removed according to the procedure de- scribed in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-3-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-Λ/'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1. Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 46 mg of 2-Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin- 4-yl)-Λ/'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 31 %.
Figure imgf000033_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.74 (d, 1 H), 8.37 (s, 1 H), 8.26 (d, 1 H), 8.19 (d, 1 H), 8.18 (d, 1 H), 8.05 (d, 1 H), 7.75 (t, 1 H), 7.68 (t, 1 H), 7.61 (t, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 1 H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.17 (m, 1 H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.94 (m, 1 H), 2.55-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.42 (m, 1 H), 1.90-1.84 (m, 1 H), 1.65-1.59 (m, 1 H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 1 H), 1.34-1.06 (m, 4H), 1.01-0.91 (m, 1 H).
Step V 2-Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-Λ/'-(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide (19 mg, 465.6 g/mol, 0.041 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in 0.25 ml of dry DMF under argon and chilled to 0 °C. DBU (7.7 μl, 152.2 g/mol, 1.018 g/cm3, 0.051 mmol, 1.3 eq) and isopropyl iodide (10.3 μl, 169.9 g/mol, 1.70 g/cm3,0.10 mmol, 2.5 eq, Acros) were added and after addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 16 h, solvent was evaporated and purified with silica gel chromatography (mobile phase from 5 to 10% of MeOH in DCM) to give 14 mg (yield 66%) of the final product, 3-(/V- isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide, as a white solid.
Figure imgf000033_0002
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.73 (m, 1H), 8.39 (s br, 1 H),
8.25 (m, 1 H), 8.19 (m, 1 H), 8.06 (m, 1 H), 7.77-7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 1 H), 7.60 (m, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.10 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 1 H), 3.32 (m, 1 H, shielded), 3.24-3.18 (m, 1 H), 3.11 (t, 2H), 2.97 (m, 1 H), 2.56-2.40 (m, 3H), 1.68 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (m, 1 H), 1.32-1.20 (m, 10 H), 1.12-0.98 (m, 2H).
Example 9
Synthesis of 3-(W-cyclopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino-Λf'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide Step I Λ/-α-Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-D,L-alanine (200 mg, 494.6 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) and 2-phenylethylamine (49 mg, 121.0 g/mol, 0.40 mmol, 1 eq) were coupled using the same procedure and coupling agents as described in step I of example 1. After flash chromatography 237 mg of 3-(/V- Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)-Λ/"-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as yellowish oil was obtained with quantitative yield.
Step II Fmoc protection of 3-(Λ/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)-Λ/"- (2-phenylethyl)propionamide was removed according to the procedure described in step II of example 1. Product was used without purification for step III.
Step III 2-Amino-3-(A/-Boc-piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide (0.32 mmol) was sulfonylated with 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (88 mg, 226.7 g/mol, 0.38 mmol, 1.2 eq) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
Step IV Finally, Boc protecting group was removed according to the proce- dure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting brown oil was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 45 mg of 2-Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin- 3-yl)- V'-(2-phenylethyl)propionamide as a clear film, yield 31 %.
Step V 2-Λ/-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide (54.8 μmol) was dissolved in methanol containing 3A molecular sieves and acetic acid (3.8 μl, 60.05 g/mol, 65.7 μmol, 1.2 eq, Baker), (l-ethoxycyclopropoxy)trimethylsilane (13.2 μl, 173,42 g/mol, 65.7 μmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) and finally sodium cyanoborohydride (4.3 mg, 62.84 g/mol, 65.7 μmol, 1.2 eq, Acros) were added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 hours, filtered and the filtrate was evaporated. Residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with aq. NaHCO3 and water. Organic phase was dried over Na2SO and evaporated. The product was purified with silica column chromatography (mobile phase 5% MeOH in DCM) to give 8.9 mg of 3-(/V- cyclopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2-phenyl- ethyl)propionamide as a white solid, yield 32%.
Figure imgf000035_0001
i 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.71 (t, 1 H), 8.24 (m, 1 H), 8.15 (m, 1 H), 8.00 (m, 1 H), 7.70 (m, 1 H), 7.67-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.00 (m, 5H), 3.78-3.61 (m, 1 H), 3.07 (t, 1 H), 2.99-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.48 (m, 1 H), 2.30 (m, 1 H), 2.12-1.92 (m, 1 H), 1.73-0.75 (m, 8H), 0.58-0.30 (m, 5H).
Example 10
Synthesis of (2S,4S)-4-amino-Λ -benzyl-1 -Λf -(4-methyl-1 -naphthalenesulfo- nyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbamide
Step I (2S,4S)-1 -A/-Boc-4-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (236.8 mg, 337.4 g/mol, 0.70 mmol , 1 eq, Neosystem), DIG (110 μl, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm3, 0.70 mmol, 1 eq) and HOBt (95 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 0.70 mmol, 1 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF/DCM (1/1 , 5 ml). After 5 minutes, ben- zylamine (78 μl, 107.16 g/mol, 0,981 g/cm3 0.70 mmol, 1 eq) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred overnight at RT and after that 4 hours at 55 °C. Solvent was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in 20 ml EtOAc and washed three times with 10 ml water. Organic phase was dried with Na2SO and evaporated. Flash chromatographic purification gave 209 mg of (2S,4S)-V-benzyl-1-/V'-Boc-4-(A/"-Fmoc-amino)pyrrolidine-2-carbamide; yield 55%.
Step II Boc protection was removed by dissolving the (2S,4S)-Λ/-benzyl-1- Λf-Boc-4-(Λ/''-Fmoc-amino)pyrrolidine-2-carbamide in 5 ml of 25 vol-% TFA in DCM. After 2 hours solvent and excess of TFA were evaporated. Product was used without purification for step III.
Step III (2S,4S)-Λ/-Benzyl-4-(Λ/'-Fmoc-amino)-1 -pyrrolidine-2-carbamide (0.39 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 ml, dry) and 4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (112 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 1.2 eq, May- bridge) in THF (2 ml, dry) and finally TEA (64 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 1.2 eq, Baker) were added. After overnight stirring, solvent was evaporated. Residue was purified with flash chromatography, and the product was used directly for the following step.
Step IV Fmoc protection was removed by dissolving the product after step III in 5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF. After 45 minutes stirring, solvent and excess of piperidine were evaporated. Flash chromatographic purification gave 124 mg of (2S,4S)-4-amino-Λ/-benzyl-1-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- pyrrolidine-2-carbamide as a white solid, yield 89%.
Figure imgf000036_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.83 (d, 1 H), 8.15 (t, 2H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1 H), 7.30-7.18 (m, 5H), 4.36 (m, 1 H), 4.31-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.26-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 1 H), 1.76 (m, 1 H).
Example 11
Synthesis of (2S,4S)-/v-benzyl-4-(ΛT-isopropylamino)-1 -ΛT'-(4-methyl-1 - naphthalenesulfonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbamide (2S,4S)-4-amino-A/-benzyl-1-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- pyrrolidine-2-carbamide (35.0 mg, 423.5 g/mol, 0.08 mmol) prepared in exam- pie 10 was dissolved in TMOF and acetone (9.1 μl, 58.1 g/mol, 0.79 g/cm3, 0.12 mmol, 1.5 eq, Prolabo), acetic acid (7.0 μl, 60.1 g/mol, 1.05 g/cm3, 0.12 mmol, 1.5 eq, Baker) and finally sodium triacetoxyborohydride (26.3 mg, 211.9 g/mol, 0.12 mmol, 1.5 eq, Acros) was added. According to TLC analysis, reaction was complete after overnight stirring at 50 °C. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in DCM and washed three times with water. Organic phase was dried with Na2SO and evaporated. Residue was purified with flash chromatography to give 34.2 mg of (2S,4S)-Λ/-benzyl-4-(A/'-isopropylamino)-1-Λ/"-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbamide as a white solid, yield 89%. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.88 (m, 1 H), 8.17 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 1 H), 7.30-7.19 (m, 5H), 4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.31-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.62 (m, 1 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.06 (m, 1 H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.35- 2.27 (m, 1 H), 1.86-1.79 (m, 1 H), 0.89-0.81 (m, 6H). Example 12
Synthesis of (1 S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(Λ/'-(1-naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
Step I Rink amide resin (168.2 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.12 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and finally once with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
Step II Fmoc-L-Phe-OH (136.9 mg, 387.44 g/mol, 0.35 mmol, 3 eq) and DIG (55 μl, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm3, 0.35 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF and after 5 minutes mixed with the resin. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-L-Phe-OH and DIG in dry DMF was introduced. After additional 3 hours of agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and once with THF.
Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (100 μl, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm3, 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 μl, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm3, 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior the treatment with piperidine/DMF.
Step V Λ/-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (112.7 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.23 mmol, 2 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II. Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
Step VII Fmoc protection of the amino acid attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior the treatment with piperidine/DMF.
Step VIII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (81.0 mg, 226.62 g/mol, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (3.0 ml), mixed with the resin and finally TEA (49.5 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, thrice with DMF, once with THF and finally thrice with DCM.
Step IX Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (3.0 ml) for 45 minutes. Red solution was collected and evaporated. 70 mg of (1 'S)-/V-(r-carbamoyl-2'- phenylethyl)-2-(Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as a dark oil was obtained and further purified with RP-HPLC to give 28.2 mg of (1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino- 2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide; overall yield 59%.
Figure imgf000038_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.65 (d, 1 H), 8.21 (d, 1 H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.98 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.13 (m, 5H), 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.38 (d, 1 H), 3.19 (m, 1 H), 3.03-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.51 (m, 3H), 1.55-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.99 (m, 1 H), 0.86-0.75 (m, 2H). Example 13
Synthesis of (1 'S)-Λ -(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(ΛT-isopropyl- piperidin-4-yl)-2-(/V "-(1 -naphthalenes u If onyl)amino)acetamide (Compound 1) (1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(Λf-(1 -naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide prepared in example 12 was further alkylated according to procedure described in step V of example 8.
Figure imgf000039_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.68 (d, 1 H), 8.16 (m, 1 H), 8.12 (d, 1 H), 7.98 (d, 1 H), 7.70-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.50 (t, 1 H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.06 (m, 2H), 4.10 (t, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.20 (m, 2H, shielded), 2.82-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.46 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.24 (m, 4H), 1.22 (d, 6H).
Example 14
Synthesis of (1 'S)-Λ -(1 -carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ '-methyl-Λ/'-(1 - naphthalenesulfonyl)amϊno-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
Step I Rink amide resin (219.3 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.15 mmol) was washed twice with dry DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-
% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
Step II Fmoc-L-Phe-OH (169.3 mg, 387.44 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) and DIG (72 μl, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm3, 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF and after 5 minutes mixed with the resin. After 4 hours, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-L-Phe-OH and DIG in dry DMF was introduced. After overnight agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF. Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with acetic anhydride (100 μl, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm3, 1.06 mmol) and
DIPEA (17 μl, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm3, 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DMF, twice with
MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treat- ment with piperidine/DMF.
Step V Λ/-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (221.3 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0.46 mmol, 3 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
Step VII For Fmoc deprotection, resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step VIII.
Step VIII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (69.6 mg, 226.68 g/mol, 0.31 mmol, 2 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (2.5 ml), mixed with the resin and TEA (47 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 0.31 mmol, 2 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, twice with MeOH, twice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM. Step IX Resin (0.15 mmol) was swollen with dry DMF (2.5 ml) and DBU (117 μl, 152.24 g/mol, 1.018 g/cm3, 0.77 mmol, 5 eq, Acros) was added. Methyl iodide (48 μl, 141.94 g/mol, 2.28 g/cm3, 0.77 mmol, 5 eq, Acros) was then introduced dropwise to the mixture. The resin was first agitated overnight at RT and after that for 5 hours at 55 °C. Solvent was then filtered and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and twice with THF.
Step X Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 45 minutes. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 55.6 mg of the crude product as dark oil was obtained. The product was further purified with RP-HPLC to give 8.8 mg of (1 'S)-Λ/-(r-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ/'-methyl-Λ/'-(1 - naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as white solid; yield 11 %.
Figure imgf000041_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.50 (d, 1 H), 8.38 (s, 1 H, br), 8.27 (m, 1 H), 8.20 (d, 1 H), 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1 H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 4H), 7.12 (m, 1 H), 4.81 (m, 1 H, shielded), 3.84 (d, 1 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 3.00-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.70 (m, 1 H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1 H), 1.45 (m, 1 H), 0.83-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.49 (m, 1 H).
Example 15
Synthesis of (1 'S)-Λ -(1 '-hydroxymethyI-2'-phenylethyl)-2-ΛT-(1-naphtha- lenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (Compound 2)
Step I Trityl resin (125.3 mg, 1.5 mmol/g, 0.19 mmol) was washed twice with dry DMF prior use. Fmoc-phenylalaninol (210.6 mg, 373.45 g/mol, 0.56 mmol, 3 eq, Advanced ChemTech) and DIPEA (97 μl, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm3, 0.56 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF and after 5 minutes mixed with the resin. After 4 hours, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with same amounts of Fmoc-phenylalaninol and DIPEA in dry DMF was introduced. After overnight agitation solvent was again filtered out and resin washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
Step II Possibly unreacted chloro groups were capped by treating the resin with MeOH (300 μl, 32.04 g/mol, 0.79 g/cm3, 7.4 mmol) and DIPEA (100 μl, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm3, 0.1 mmol) in dry DCM (1.7 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DCM, twice with MeOH, once with DMF and once with THF.
Step III For Fmoc deprotection, resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, twice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step IV.
Step IV Λ/-Fmoc-(1-Boc-piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-glycine (270.9 mg, 480.6 g/mol, 0,56 mmol, 3 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using same coupling agents and procedure as described in step II of example 12.
Step V Possibly unreacted amino groups were acetylated by treating the resin with acetic anhydride (100 μl, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm3, 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 μl, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm3, 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 30 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed twice with DMF, twice with MeOH, once with DCM and once with THF.
Step VI Fmoc protection of the attached amino acid was removed according to procedure described in step III.
Step VII 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (85.2 mg, 226.68 g/mol, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Acros) was dissolved in dry THF (2.5 ml), mixed with the resin and TEA (52 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq, Baker) was added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, twice with MeOH, twice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
Step VIII Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 5 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 45 minutes. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 34.5 mg of crude product as a yellow oil was obtained. The product was further purified with RP- HPLC to give 11.3 mg of (1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-hydroxymethyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ/'- (1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as white solid; yield 12.5%.
Figure imgf000043_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.21-8.19 (m, 1 H), 8.17-8.13 (m, 1 H), 8.02-7.97 (m, 1 H), 7.90-7.84 (m, 1 H), 7.70-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.24-7.11 (m, 5H), 4.11-4.03 and 3.87-3.79 (m, 1 H), 3.61-3.58 and 3.39-3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.49-3.46 (m, 1 H), 3.22-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.41 and 2.33-2.28 (m, 1 H), 1.57-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.07- 1.00 (m, 1 H).
Example 16
Synthesis of 2-((W-carbamimidoyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λf -(1 -naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide
Step I 2-V-(1-Naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino-Λ/'-phenethyl-2-(piperidin-3- yl)acetamide (123 mg, 451.59g/mol, 0.27 mmol, 1 eq) prepared by a similar procedure as described in example 1 was dissolved in 4 ml of dry DCM/DMF (4/1 ) under argon and TEA (112 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 0.81 mmol, 3 eq) was added to the solution. /V,/V'-Bis(-'e/f-butoxycarbonyl)-V"-triflylguanidine (160 mg, 391.4 g/mol, 0.41 mmol, 1.5 eq) was dissolved in 1.0 ml of dry DCM and added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After 18 h, solvent was evaporated and residue purified with silica column chromatography (mobile phase from 5 to10% of MeOH in DCM) producing 50 mg of 2-((Λ/-(V',Λ/"-diBoc- carbamimidoyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'"-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/""-(2- phenylethyl)acetamide as a light yellow solid, yield 27%. Step II The Boc protecting groups of the previous product were removed according to the procedure described in step IV of example 1. Resulting 2-((V- carbamimidoyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2- phenylethyl)acetamide was further purified with silica column chromatography (mobile phase from 5 to 10% of MeOH in DCM), producing 18 mg of yellowish solid; yield 58%.
Figure imgf000044_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.73-8.66 (m, 1 H), 8.29-8.22 (m, 1 H), 8.17 (m, 1 H), 8.01 (m, 1 H), 7.71 (m, 1 H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.18
(m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 1 H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.47 (m, 1 H), 2.99-2.91 (m,
2H), 2.87-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 1 H), 2.34-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.50 (m, 2H),
1.40-1.26 (m, 2H), 1.13-1.07 (m, 1 H).
Example 17
Synthesis of (1 S,2S)-2-/V-(3-Benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino-W'-(r- carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide
Step I H-L-Phe-NH2 hydrochloride (276 mg, 200.7 g/mol, 1.38 mmol, 1.5 eq, Advanced ChemTech) was dissolved in dry DMF (2.5 ml) and TEA (229 μl, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm3, 1.8 eq, Baker) was added to the solution. After 30 minutes, a solution containing Fmoc-L-His(Trt)-OH (568.8 mg, 619.72 g/mol, 0.92 mmol, 1 eq), DIG (216 μl, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm3, 1.38 mmol, 1.5 eq) and HOBt (174 mg, 135.12 g/mol, 1.38 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dry DCM (2.5 ml) was added. After overnight stirring, solvent was evaporated and the brownish resi- due was dissolved in 20 ml DCM and washed three times with 10 ml water and three times with aq. KH2PO4-solution. Organic phase was dried with Na2SO and evaporated. Residue was purified with flash chromatography. 314 mg of (1 'S,2S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(/V'-Fmoc-amino)-3-(3-Λ/"-Trt- imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was obtained with 45% yield.
Step II Fmoc-protection of (1 'S,2S)-V-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-(Λf- Fmoc-amino)-3-(3-Λ/"-Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was removed according to procedure described in step II of example 1. (rS,2S)-2-Amino-Λ/-(r- carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3-Λ/'-Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was used without purification for step III.
Step III (1 'S,2S)-2-Amino-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3-Λ/'-Trt- imidazol-4-yl)propionamide (0.41 mmol) was sulfonylated with 3- benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl chloride (95 mg, 232.71 g/mol, 0.41 mmol, 1.0 eq, Maybridge) according to the procedure described in step III of example 1.
Step IV Trityl protection was removed by dissolving the (1 'S,2S)-2-Λ/-(3- benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/'-(r-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-(3-/V"- Trt-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide in 4% TFA in DCM (4 ml). Thiophenol (400 μl) was added and mixture was stirred overnight at RT. Solvent was then evaporated and the product was purified with flash chromatography. 79 mg of (1 'S, 2S)-2-/V-(3-benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/'-(r-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)- 3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)propionamide was obtained, yield 52%.
Figure imgf000045_0001
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD; δ, ppm): 8.12 (s, 1 H), 8.01 (m, 1 H), 7.91 (m, 1 H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 5H), 7.06 (d, 1 H), 6.44 (s, 1 H), 4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 1 H), 3.14 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (m, 1 H), 2.77 (m, 1 H), 2.53 (m, 1 H).
Example 18
Additional compounds (including but not restricted to those described below) were prepared according to methods described in examples 1-17 but using corresponding starting materials.
Name MS-ESI+ (m/z) Example
2-N-(5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-
(piperidin-3-yl)-Λf-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- 526 1 naphthyl)propionamide (Compound 3) 2-A/-(3-benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino-3-
(piperidin-3-yl)-Λ/'-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- 498 1 naphthalenyl)propionamide (Compound 4) 2-/V-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/'-(2- phenylethyl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (Com- 466 1 pound 5)
Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino-3-(piperidin-3-yl)propionamide 466 1
(Compound 6)
2-(Λ/-isopropylpiperidin-3-yI)-2-Λf-(4-methyl-1- naphthaienesulfonyl)amino-Λf'-(2-phenylethyl)- 508 8 acetamide (Compound 7)
2-(A/-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-/V'-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(2-phenylethyl)- 508 8 acetamide (Compound 8)
Λ/-benzyl-2-(Λ/'-isopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/"-(4- methyl-1-naphthaIenesulfonyl)amino)acetamide 494 8
(Compound 9)
A/-benzyl-3-(/V'-isopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-(Λ/"-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)propionamide 508 8
(Compound 10)
2-(/V-isopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-2-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-phenylacetamide 480 8
(Compound 11)
2-( V-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-/\f-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-phenylacetamide 480 8
(Compound 12)
2-/V-(5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λf- 464 cyclohexyl-2-(piperidin-3-yI)acetamide
2-/V-(3-benzo[b]thiophenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/'- 436 cyclohexyl-2-(piperidin-3-yl)acetamide
(1 'S, 2S;-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)-3-
(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-(Λ/'-(4-methyl-1 -naphthalene- 556 12 sulfonyl)amino)propionamide (Compound 13)
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ/'-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-3- 523 12 yl)propionamide (Compound 14)
(1 'S)-2-Λ/-(4-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonyl)- 537, 539 12 amino-Λf-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2- (piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
(1 'S)-/V-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-cyclohexylethyl)-2-Λ/'-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4- 515 12 yl)acetamide (Compound 15)
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ/'-(2- phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4- 537 12 yl)acetamide
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λ/'-(4- methyl-2-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonyl)amino-2- 607, 609 12
(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2',2'-diphenylethyl)-2-/V'-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4- 585 12 yl)acetamide (Compound 16)
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoylmethyl-2'-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)-
2-/V'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2- 573 12
(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
Λ/-benzyl-2-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino-3-(piperidin-4-yl)propionamide 466 1
(Compound 17)
2-(A/-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-/\/'-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 534 1
1-naphthyl)acetamide (Compound 18)
Λ/-(2-carbamoyl-2-indanyl)-2-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)- 521 1 acetamide (Compound 19)
Λ/-benzyl-2-(Λ/'-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-(Λ/"-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)acetamide 494 8
(Compound 20)
(1 'S)-A/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-2-Λf-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2-(piperidin-4- 509 12 yl)acetamide (Compound 21)
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-Λ/'-
(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-2- 548 12
(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide
A/-Benzyl-3-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino-3-(piperidin-4-yl)propionamide Λ/-Benzyl-3-(/V'-isopropylpiperidin-3-yl)-3-(Λ/"-(4- 508 8 methyl-1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)propionamide
(1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '-carbamoyl-2'-phenylethyl)-3-Λ/'-(4- methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3-(piperidin-3- 523 12 yQpropionamide
Example 19
Binding affinity at the human somatostatin receptor subtypes The affinity of the compounds of the invention for the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1 , SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5) was determined in competition binding assays with (125l-Tyr)- [Leu8,DTrp22]-somatostatin-28 (125l-LTT-sst-28). The biological material for these experiments consisted of membranes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with one of the five human somatostatin recep- tor subtypes. Membranes (3-20 μg of total protein per sample) and trace amount of 125l-LTT-sst-28 were incubated in 10 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgC , 5 mg/ml of BSA and 30 μg/ml bacitracin, pH 7.6 with six concentrations of the compounds. Each concentration was run in duplicate. Nonspecific binding was defined by 1 μM somatostatin-14 (sst-14) and corresponded to 5-25% of total binding. After 60 min at room temperature, incubations were terminated by rapid vacuum filtration through GF/B glass fiber filter mats (presoaked at 4°C in 200 ml of 10 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCI2, pH 7.6) and three 5 ml washes with ice-cold wash buffer (20 mM TRIS, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCI2, pH 7.4). The filters were then dried, impregnated with scintillate and their ra- dioactivity was measured by scintillation counting. The analysis of the experiments was carried out by nonlinear least square curve fitting. Affinity constants (Kj) were calculated from the IC50 values according to the Cheng-Prusoffs equation (Cheng and Prusoff, 1973). Experiments were repeated a minimum of three times. Using the aforementioned protocol, the following test results were obtained. Kj (SSTR1) Ki (SSTR2) Ki (SSTR3) K| (SSTR4) Ki (SSTR5) Compound / nM / nM / nM / nM / nM
Compound 20 3.7 ± 0.6 > 10 000 780 ± 30 13 + 4 > 8 000
Compound 21 > 1 000 > 10 000 > 10 000 3.2 ± 0.4 > 10 000
Besides these, a set of compounds had K| less than 300 nM for SSTR1. Among this set were for example: Compound 1 Compound 3 Compound 4 Compound 5 Compound 6 Compound 7 Compound 8 Compound 9 Compound 10 Compound 11 Compound 12
Furthermore, another subset had Kj less than 300 nM for SSTR4. Among this set were for example: Compound 2 Compound 13 Compound 14 Compound 15 Compound 16 Compound 17 Compound 18 Compound 19 References ■ Aavik et al. (2002), Elimination of vascular fibrointimal hyperplasia by somatostatin receptor 1 ,4-selective agonist. FASEB J 16:724-6 ■ Bito et al. (1994), Functional coupling of SSTR4, a major hippo- campal somatostatin receptor, to adenylate cyclase inhibition, arachidonate release and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. J Biol Chem 269:12722-12730
■ Bonini et al. (2000), Identification and characterization of two G protein-coupled receptors for NPFF. J Biol Chem. 275:39324- 39331
■ Bourguignon et al. (1997), Analogs of NPFF, a neuropeptide which modulates morphine analgesia. Proceedings of the XlVth International Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry, Awouters F (ed.), Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 35-44
■ Brussaard et al. (1989), Peripheral injection of DNS-RFa, a FMRFa agonist, suppresses morphine-induced analgesia in rats. Peptides 10:735-739
■ Cheng and Prusoff (1973) Relationship between the inhibition constant (KI) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent inhibition (150) of an enzymatic reaction, Biochem. Pharmacol. 22:3099-3108
■ Curtis et al. (2000), Somatostatin receptor subtype expression and function in human vascular tissue. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278:H1815-1822
■ Eriksen et al. (1995), Randomized double-blind Scandinavian trial of angiopeptin versus placebo for the prevention of clinical events and restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. Am Heart J 130:1-8 ■ Gicquel et al. (1994), Structure-activity study of neuropeptide FF: contribution of N-terminal regions to affinity and activity. J Med Chem. 37:3477-3481
■ Hoyer et al. (1995), Classification and nomenclature of soma- tostatin receptors.T\ PS 16:86-88
■ Mazarguil et al. (2001), Structure-activity relationships of neuropeptide FF: role of C-terminal regions. Peptides 22:1471-1478
■ Mori et al. (1997), Differential expression of somatostatin receptors in the rat eye: SSTR4 is intensely expressed in the iris/ciliary body. Neurosci Lett 223:185-188
■ Patel (1999), Somatostatin and its receptor family. Front Neuro- endocrinol 20:157-198
■ Payza et al. (1993), Neuropeptide FF receptors: structure-activity relationship and effect of morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:88-94
■ Reisine and Bell (1995), Molecular biology of somatostatin receptors. Endocrinological Reviews 16:427-442
■ Reubi et al. (1997), A selective analog for the somatostatin sstl- receptor subtype expressed by human tumors. Eur J Pharmacol 345:103-1 10
■ Reubi et al. (2001 ), Somatostatin receptor sst1-sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradio- graphy with subtype-selective ligands. Eur J Nucl Med 28:836- 846
■ Rivier et al. (2001 ), Potent somatostatin undecapeptide agonists selective for somatostatin receptor 1 (sstl). J Med Chem 44:2238-2246
■ Rohrer et al. (1998), Rapid identification of subtype-selective agonists of the somatostatin receptor through combinatorial chemistry. Science 282:737-740 ■ Sinisi et al. (1997), Different expression patterns of somatostatin receptor subtypes in cultured epithelial cells from human normal prostate and prostate cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2566- 2569
■ van Essen et al. (1997), Effects of octreotide treatment on restenosis after coronary angioplasty: results of the VERAS study. Circulation 96:1482-1487
■ Yang et al. (1985), Isolation, sequencing, synthesis and pharmacological characterisation of two brain neuropeptides that modu- late the action of morphine. Proc Natl Acad Sci 82:7757-7781

Claims

Claims 1. The use of a compound of Formula
Figure imgf000053_0001
(I)
wherein, Q is 1 ) H, 2) phenyl or 3) a group of formula
R4 R5 ι wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from Ra; A is a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens, the said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R2 and -(CH2)S-N(R2)2; or A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered ring containing 0 to 2 nitrogens, said ring being unsubsituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from R2 and -(CH2)S-N(R2)2; or A and R3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered ring, said ring being substituted by a group -(CH2)S-N(R2)2; B is part of a ring system together with A; or B is H or methyl; D is aryl or heteroaryl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one to four groups selected from Rd; R1 is or H or (d-C6)alkyl; R2 is independently 1) H, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, 6) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(Cι-C6)alkyl or 7) -C(=NRb)NRbRb; wherein symbols R together may form a 5 to 6 membered unsatu- rated or saturated ring; or R2 and R2 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; R3 is 1 ) H, 2) (Cι-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-Ce)alkynyl or 5) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl; R4 is 1 ) H, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) Cy, 6) Cy-(Cι-C6)alkyl, 7) Cy-(C2-C6)alkenyl or 8) Cy-(C2-C6)alkynyl; wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and Cy are each optionally substi' tuted with one i to two substituents selected from Rd; R5 is 1 ) H, 2) (Cι-Cβ)alkyl. 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(d-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl, 8) heteroaryl-(C1-C6)alkyl or 9) -(CH2)kC(O)NHRb; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from Rd; or R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 3 to 7 membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; Ra is independently 1 ) H, 2) halogen, 3) -ORb, 4) (d-C6)alkyl, 5) -CF3; Rb i s independently 1) hydrogen, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) Cy or 6) Cy-(d-C4)alkyl; Rd is independently 1 ) a group selected from Rc, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(d-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl-(d-C6)alkyl, 8) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or 9) heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each option' ally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from Rc; Rc is independently 1 ) a group selected from Ra, 2) -NO2, 3) -SRb, 4) -NRbRb, 5) -CN or 6) -NRbC(O)Rb; h is an integer 0 or 1 ; k is an integer 0 or 1 ; j is an integer 0 to 2; s is an integer 0 or 1 ; and Cy is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl; or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where an inter- action with somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful. 2. The use according to claim 1 , where the compound is an agonist. 3. The use according to claim 1 , where the compound is an antagonist. 4. The use according to claim 1 , where the compound is SSTR1 selective. 5. The use according to claim 1 , where the compound is SSTR4 selective. 6. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IA
Figure imgf000056_0001
(IA)
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, A, B, D and j are as defined in claim 1 ; and R4 is benzyl optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from Ra as defined in claim 1. 7. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IB
Figure imgf000057_0001
(IB)
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, A, B, D and j are as defined in claim 1 ; R4 is phenyl or benzyl, optionally substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from Ra as defined in claim 1 ; and R5 is H or (d-C6)alkyl. 8. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IC
Figure imgf000057_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, D and Q are as defined in claim 1 ; and R2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl. 9. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is a compound of formula ID
Figure imgf000058_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, D, Q and j are as defined in claim 1 ; and R2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl. 10. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IE
Figure imgf000058_0002
(IE)
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, A, B, Q and j are as defined in claim 1 ; R6 is independently 1 ) H,
2) halogen,
3) -NO2,
4) -NRbRb,
5) -CN,
6) -ORb,
7) -SRb,
8) -C(O)Rb,
9) (d-C6)alkyl,
10) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 11 ) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 12) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or 13) -CF3; wherein Rb is as defined in claim 1 ; L is C(R6), S or N; t is an integer from 0 to 2; and X is a bond or C(R6).
11. The use according to any of the claims 1 to 10 wherein R3 is H or methyl.
12. The use according to any of the claims 1 to 9 wherein D is naphthyl, 4-alkyl-naphthyl, benzothiophenyl or indolyl.
13. The use according to any of the claims 1-13, wherein the compound is 2-(/V-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1 -naphthalene- sulfonyl)amino-Λ/"-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 -naphthyl)acetamide, (1 'S)-Λ/-(1 '- carbamoyl-2'-(1 H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(Λ/'-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino-2-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide or Λ/-benzyl-2-(Λ/'-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)- 2-(/V"-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)acetamide.
14. The use according to claim 1 where the disease or condition is depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, AHDH, angiogenesis, restenosis, new blood vessel sprouting, arteriosclerosis, diabetic angiopathy, diabetic retinopa- thy, cancerous tumours and tumour metastasis, high intraocular pressure or age-related macular degeneration.
15. A compound of Formula II
Figure imgf000059_0001
(ll)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R1 , R3, A, B, Q, h and j are as defined in claim 1 ; and when R4.
Q is a group of formula R5 , then R4 is as defined in claim 1 ; R5 is 1) H, 2) (C C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(Cι-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl, 8) heteroaryl-(CrC6)alkyl or 9) -C(O)NHRb; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one to four substituents selected from Rd; or R4 and R5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a
3 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the said ring may be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; or the said ring can be fused to aryl or heteroaryl which can be substituted with one to three substituents selected from Rd; R6 is independently 1 ) H, 2) halogen, 3) -NO2, 4) -NRbRb, 5) -CN, 6) -ORb, 7) -SRb, 8) -C(O)Rb, 9) (C C6)alkyl, 10) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 11 ) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 12) (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or 13) -CF3; Rb and Rd are as defined in claim 1 ; L is C(R6), S or N; t is an integer from 0 to 2; X is a bond or C(R6); with the proviso that when R5 is -C(O)NH2 and j is 0, A is not 4- pyridinyl or 2-pyrrolidinyl.
16. A compound according to claim 15, which is a compound of
Formula 11 A,
Figure imgf000061_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, A, L, X, j and t are as defined in claim 15; R4 is phenyl or benzyl; which can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents se- lected from Ra; Ra is as defined in claim 15; R5 is H or (d-Ce)alkyl; and R6 is independently selected from H, halogen or (d-Cδ)alkyl.
17. A compound according to claim 15, which is a compound of Formula MB,
Figure imgf000061_0002
(IIB)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, R6, L, Q, X, h and t are as defined in claim 15; R2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl; and when R4
Q is a group of formula R , then R4 is as defined in claim 15; and R5 is 1 ) H, 2) (d-C6)alkyl, 3) (C2-C6)alkenyl, 4) (C2-C6)alkynyl, 5) aryl, 6) aryl-(d-C6)alkyl, 7) heteroaryl or 8) heteroaryl-(Cι-C6)alkyl.
18. A compound according to claim 15, which is a compound of Formula MC,
Figure imgf000062_0001
(IIC)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R3, R6, L, Q, X, j and t are as defined in claim 15; and R2 is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl.
19. A compound according to any of claims 15 to 18, wherein R3 is
H or methyl.
20. A compound according to any of claims 15 to 18, wherein L is C(R6), X is a bond or C(R6) and R6 is H.
21. A compound according to any of the claims 15 to 18, wherein L and X is C(R6) and R6 is independently selected from H, (d-C6)alkyl or halo- gen.
22. A compound according to any of the claims 15 to 18, wherein L is N or S and X is a bond.
23. A compound according to any of claims 15 to 19, wherein the compound of Formula II is 2-(/V~isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-ΛT-(4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-/V"-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 -naphthyl)acetamide, Λ/-benzyl-2-(/V'-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-(/V"-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)- amino)acetamide or Λ/-Benzyl-3-Λ/'-(4-methyl-1 -naphthalenesulfonyl)amino-3- (piperidin-4-yl)propionamide.
24. A process for preparing a compound as claimed in any of claims 15 to 23, comprising reacting an amidated amino acid of Formula III,
Figure imgf000063_0001
(III) wherein R1 , R3, A, B, Q, h and j are as defined in any one of claims
15 to 22, with a sulfonyl acid derivative of Formula IV,
Figure imgf000063_0002
wherein W is OH or a halogen, especially CI or Br, and where the compounds of Formula III and IV being optionally protected.
25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula II according to claim 15 as an active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier and/or excipient.
26. The use of a compound of formula II according to claim 15 for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs, such as brain, vessels or tumors, possessing SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors.
27. The use of a compound of formula II according to claim 15 for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in mammals where an interaction with somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4 is indicated to be useful.
28. The use according to claim 27 where the disease or condition is depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, AHDH, angiogenesis, restenosis, new blood vessel sprouting, arteriosclerosis, diabetic angiopathy, diabetic retinopa- thy, cancerous tumours and tumour metastasis, high intraocular pressure or age-related macular degeneration.
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WO2005082845A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-09 Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd Novel therapies with somatostatin receptor agonists
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005082844A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-09 Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd Treatment of diseases by using a somatostatin receptor agonist
WO2005082845A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-09 Oy Juvantia Pharma Ltd Novel therapies with somatostatin receptor agonists
WO2006123020A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Juvantia Pharma Ltd Oy Peptidomimetics selective for the somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 and/or 4
JP2008540618A (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-11-20 ブルスター，ジークフリート Peptidomimetics selective for somatostatin receptor subtype 1 and / or 4

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