WO2006083036A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006083036A1 WO2006083036A1 PCT/JP2006/302309 JP2006302309W WO2006083036A1 WO 2006083036 A1 WO2006083036 A1 WO 2006083036A1 JP 2006302309 W JP2006302309 W JP 2006302309W WO 2006083036 A1 WO2006083036 A1 WO 2006083036A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell module
- cell
- current collector
- negative electrode
- module assembly
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
- H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0252—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form tubular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
- H01M8/0278—O-rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel electrolytic erosion reservoir including a cell module assembly in which two or more cell modules each having a hollow electrolyte membrane are integrally fixed.
- a fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy by supplying fuel and an oxidant to two electrically connected electrodes and causing the fuel to oxidize electrochemically. Unlike thermal power generation, it is not subject to the Carnot cycle, so it exhibits high energy conversion efficiency.
- a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a fuel cell that uses a solid polymer electrolyte membrane as an electrolyte, and is advantageous in that it can be easily downsized and operated at a low temperature. It is attracting attention as a power source for mobile objects. In solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, when hydrogen is used as the fuel, the reaction of the formula (1) proceeds at the anode.
- the electrons generated by the formula (1) pass through an external circuit and work with an external load. Reach the power sword. Then, the proton produced by the equation (1) moves in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane from the anode side to the cathode side by electroosmosis while being hydrated with water.
- a fuel cell is a clean power generator that has no emissions other than water.
- a planar membrane / electrode joint obtained by mainly providing a catalyst layer serving as an anode and a force sword on the other surface of a planar solid polymer electrolyte membrane is obtained.
- a fuel cell stack has been developed that is obtained by stacking a plurality of flat single cells produced by further providing gas diffusion layers on both sides of the body and finally sandwiching them with a planar separator. I came.
- a proton conductive polymer membrane with a very thin film thickness is used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- This film thickness is already less than 100 um; the mainstream is less than um.
- the catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, separators, etc. are each being made thinner, but there is a limit to improving the power density per unit volume even by making all these members thinner. Therefore, to meet the demand for miniaturization, It is expected that it will no longer be able to respond sufficiently.
- a sheet-like carbon material having excellent corrosivity is usually used for the separator. This carbon material itself is also expensive. Further, in order to distribute the fuel gas and the oxidant gas almost uniformly over the entire surface of the planar membrane / electrode assembly, the gas is usually disposed on the surface of the separator. Since the groove that becomes the flow path is microfabricated, the processing makes the separator very expensive, raising the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell.
- the flat unit cell is surely sealed around the periphery of the unit cells stacked in multiple layers so that fuel gas and oxidant gas do not leak from the gas flow path.
- problems such as the technical difficulty to install and the power generation efficiency may decrease due to the deflection and deformation of the planar membrane-electrode assembly.
- solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells have been developed that use a cell module with electrodes on the inner and outer surfaces of a hollow electrolyte membrane as a basic power generation unit.
- a fuel cell having such a hollow cell module it is not necessary to use a member corresponding to a separator used in a flat type. Since different types of gas are supplied to the inner surface and the outer surface for power generation, it is not necessary to form a gas flow path. Therefore, cost reduction is expected in its production. Furthermore, since the cell module has a three-dimensional shape, the specific surface area relative to the volume can be increased compared to a flat single cell, and the power generation output density per volume can be expected to improve.
- a suitable number of hollow cell modules are aligned with a predetermined interval in parallel in the longitudinal direction so that the reaction gas can be uniformly and smoothly supplied to the outer surface of the cell module, and fixed together.
- a cell module assembly is formed, and the cell module assembly is used alone, or two or more cell module assemblies as required. Are connected in series or parallel and incorporated into the fuel cell.
- the cell module assembly is a dead-end type that opens only at the end. In this case, it is necessary to produce two types of cell module assemblies in which the positions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are interchanged, or to provide a complicated gas flow path for supplying the reaction gas to the inner surface of the cell module. There is. .
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a cell in which two or more cell modules having a hollow electrolyte membrane with electrodes provided on the inner surface and outer surface thereof are assembled. When module assemblies are connected in series, It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell that can easily increase the contact area of contact points between cell assemblies or can simplify the structure for connection between cell module assemblies. .
- the second object of the present invention is to achieve the above first object, and it is not necessary to alternately switch the positions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell module assembly, and it is also produced when a dead-end type cell module is used.
- the purpose is to provide a fuel cell that is easy to handle. Disclosure of the invention
- the fuel cell of the present invention has a pair of electrodes provided on an inner surface and an outer surface of a hollow electrolyte membrane, and a current collector connected to each of the pair of electrodes, and at least one end portion is opened.
- a pair of electrodes provided on an inner surface and an outer surface of a hollow electrolyte membrane, and a current collector connected to each of the pair of electrodes, and at least one end portion is opened.
- each cell An outer surface gas flow path for allowing reaction gas to flow on the outer surface side of the module, and one end side of the cell module included in the cell module row are arranged near the one end side of the cell module, and the current collector on the positive electrode side of each cell module is integrated and collected.
- the plurality of cell module assemblies that are adjacently connected in series are electrically connected at the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly, so that the area of the electrical contact is widened. It is excellent in electrical connection between cell module assemblies.
- the structure for electrical connection between the cell module assemblies is simple.
- cell module assemblies can be connected in series in an array in which the directions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are aligned. Therefore, even when a dead-end type cell module is used, it is not necessary to produce a cell module assembly in which the arrangement of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is alternately changed and to provide a complicated reaction gas channel. ⁇
- each cell module assembly is provided with a flow path connection portion that opens to a contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly, and the adjacent flow path connection portions are in contact with each other.
- it can be set as the structure which connected the gas flow path for inner surfaces of each cell module assembly.
- it is preferable to provide a gas seal material around the flow path connection portion in order to ensure the gas sealing property of the gas flow path for the inner surface in the flow path connection portion.
- the gas seal material include an o-ring, a convex gasket, and an adhesive, but an O-ring is particularly preferable.
- the fuel cell of the present invention has a structure in which the inner gas passages of the cell module assemblies incorporated in the fuel cell are connected, a gas seal material such as an o-ring is connected to the connection portion of the inner gas passage Even in the case of providing, it is possible to secure a sufficient area of electrical contact with the adjacent cell module assembly, and it is excellent in conduction.
- the positive and Z or negative electrode output portions of the cell module assembly form a pillar structure that bridges between the upper and lower ends of the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly, they are adjacent to each other.
- the contact area between the negative electrode output portion and the positive electrode output portion between the cell module assemblies can be increased, and at the same time, the cell module array included in the cell module assembly can be captured.
- the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode output portion constitutes such a column structure, it is necessary to electrically insulate the joint portion with the current collector portion of the opposite electrode.
- the positive electrode or negative electrode current collector of the terminal cell module assembly connected in series is provided with an output terminal that conducts with the outside of the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell of the present invention is excellent in conduction between cell module assemblies connected in series, a large current can be taken out.
- productivity is excellent in maintenance.
- the cell module assembly can be connected in series without changing the positions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, even when using a so-called dead-end type cell module, the positions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternated. There is no need to create two different cell module assemblies or to provide a complicated gas flow path structure. Therefore, it is excellent in productivity.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tubular cell module used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular cell module shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing one embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention, and is a perspective view of two adjacent cell module assemblies.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the cell module assembly shown in FIG. 3 as viewed from the wide front side (negative electrode output portion 14 side).
- FIG. 5 is a view seen from the wide front side with the negative electrode output portion 14 removed from the cell module assembly shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a view of two adjacent cell module assemblies shown in FIG. 3 as viewed from the narrow side.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cell module assembly shown in FIG. 3 cut along a plane parallel to the narrow side surface.
- 1 is a hollow electrolyte membrane (perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane), 2 is an anode (inner surface side electrode), 3 is a force sword (outer surface side electrode), 4 is a negative electrode side current collector, 5 is a positive electrode Side current collector, 6 is a cell module, 7 is a cell module row, 8 (8 A, 8 B) is a partition wall, 9 (9 A, 9 B) is an internal gas channel, 10 is an external gas channel, 1 1 (1 1 A, 1 1 B) is a cylindrical housing, 1 2 is a negative current collector, 1 3 is a positive current collector, 1 4 is a negative output, 1 5 is a positive output, and 16 is Opening, 17 is an O-ring, 18 is an insulating material, and 19 is an output terminal.
- the fuel cell of the present invention has a pair of electrodes provided on an inner surface and an outer surface of a hollow electrolyte membrane, and a current collector connected to each of the pair of electrodes, and at least one end portion is opened.
- a fuel cell in which two or more cell module assemblies in which two or more cells are assembled are adjacently connected in series, each cell module assembly having two or more cell modules in parallel in the longitudinal direction, and A cell module row in which the open ends or the closed ends are aligned in the same direction, and the outer surface of the cell module between the open end and the body of the cell module included in the cell module row
- a partition wall that divides the space on the side, and is provided on the open end side of the cell module included in the cell module row by the partition wall.
- An inner surface gas flow path that is provided on the body side of the cell module included in the cell module row by the partition wall, and that allows the reaction gas to flow to the outer surface side of each cell module; Arranged in the vicinity of one end side of the cell modules included in the module row, and arranged in the vicinity of the positive electrode current collecting part for collecting current by collecting the current collecting materials on the positive electrode side of each cell module; A negative electrode current collector that collects and collects current collectors on the negative electrode side of the module, and a positive electrode that is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode current collector and is provided on a contact surface with an adjacent cell module assembly Or a negative electrode output part is provided.
- the cell module assemblies are adjacent to each other with the same polarity current collectors aligned in the same direction, and the positive electrode output unit is disposed on the contact surface of one of the adjacent cell module assemblies.
- a negative output portion is disposed on the contact surface of the cell module assembly, and these are connected in series.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hollow cell module constituting a cell module assembly in the fuel cell of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow cell module of FIG.
- the cell module 6 includes a tube-shaped solid polymer electrolyte membrane (perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane) 1 and an anode provided on the inner surface side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 ( In this embodiment, it has a fuel electrode) 2 and a force sword (in this embodiment, an air electrode) 3 provided on the outer surface side.
- a columnar current collector is disposed as the negative electrode side current collector 4 on the surface of the anode 2, and a net of the metal wire 5 a and a rod current collector 5 b are disposed as the positive electrode side current collector 5 on the surface of the force sword 3. It is arranged.
- Hydrogen gas outer surface on the hollow inner surface of the cell module having such a structure (substantially, the portion exposed to the inner surface side gas flow path formed by the groove 4a provided on the outer surface of the negative electrode side current collector 4)
- fuel or oxidant is supplied to the anode and power sword to generate electricity.
- the cell module 6 in FIG. 1 has hollow portions open at both ends, and the fuel gas flows into the hollow from one end and flows out from the other end. If the cell module 6 in FIG. 6 can sufficiently supply the reaction gas to the inner surface side of the hollow electrolyte membrane, only one end of the hollow portion may be opened and the other end may be sealed.
- a fuel electrode using hydrogen as a fuel is provided as an inner surface side electrode as in this embodiment, hydrogen gas containing almost no non-reactive components can be supplied as a fuel gas into the hollow of the cell module, 'Also, because the diffusibility of hydrogen molecules is high, it is possible to consume the reaction gas supplied into the hollow space, so that the reaction gas can be sufficiently supplied even in the hollow portion where one end is sealed. Can do.
- Examples of the method of sealing one end of the cell module include a method of injecting resin or the like into the hollow one end, but is not particularly limited.
- the cell module 6 has a tubular electrolyte membrane.
- the hollow electrolyte membrane in the present invention is not limited to the tubular shape, and has a hollow portion, and a fuel or an oxidant flows into the hollow portion. By so doing, it is only necessary that the reaction component necessary for the electrochemical reaction can be supplied to the electrode provided inside the hollow.
- the inner diameter, outer diameter, length, etc. of the tubular solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 are not particularly limited, but the outer diameter of the tubular electrolyte membrane is preferably from 0.01 to 10 mm, More preferably, it is 0.1 to L mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Tube electrolyte membranes with an outer diameter of less than 0.01 mm are currently difficult to manufacture due to technical problems, while those with an outer diameter of more than 10 mm are difficult to manufacture. However, the output per unit volume of the obtained cell module may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane is preferably thin from the viewpoint of improving the proton conductivity. However, if it is too thin, the function of sequestering the gas decreases, and the permeation amount of non-proton hydrogen increases. End up. However, compared to conventional fuel cells in which flat cells for fuel cells are stacked, a fuel cell manufactured by collecting a large number of hollow cell modules can take a large electrode area, so it is slightly thicker. Even when a membrane is used, sufficient output can be obtained. From this point of view, The fluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane has a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 60 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 50 to 55 ⁇ m.
- the preferable range of the inner diameter is 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, and still more preferably 0.1 to 0.1 mm. 3 ⁇ 4> at ⁇ 0.5 mm.
- the electrode area per unit volume can be increased as compared with a fuel cell having a flat cell.
- a fuel cell having a high output density per unit volume can be obtained even by using an electrolyte membrane that does not have proton conductivity as high as that of a fluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane in addition to perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin, materials such as those used in electrolyte membranes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be used.
- Fluorine ion exchange resins other than sulfonic acid resins polystyrene-based cation exchange membranes with sulfonic acid groups and other hydrocarbons such as polyolefins as skeletons, at least sulfonic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, and phosphoric acid groups, etc.
- Having a basic type such as polybenzimidazole, polypyrimidine, polybenzoxazole, etc., which are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1 1-5 0 3 2 6 2
- Examples thereof include polymer electrolytes such as solid polymer electrolytes composed of a complex of a basic polymer doped with a strong acid in the molecule and a strong acid.
- Solid polymer electrolyte membranes using such electrolytes are fibril-like, fine-cloth-like, non-woven-like, perforated porous sheets. It can be reinforced with a leucocarbon polymer or by coating an inorganic oxide or metal on the membrane surface.
- perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membranes include commercially available products such as Nafion manufactured by DuPont of the United States and Fremion manufactured by Asahi Glass.
- a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane which is a kind of proton conductive membrane and one of solid polymer electrolyte membranes, is described as an electrolyte membrane.
- the electrolyte membrane used in the fuel cell of the invention is not particularly limited. Even if it is proton-conductive, other ion-conductive materials such as hydroxide ions and oxide ions (o 2- ) can be used. It may be a thing.
- the proton-conducting electrolyte membrane is not limited to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane as described above, but is obtained by impregnating a porous electrolyte plate with a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, a proton conductor made of porous glass, Drogled phosphate glass, organic-inorganic hybrid proton conductive membrane with proton conductive functional groups introduced into the surface and pores of nanoporous glass, inorganic metal fiber reinforced electrolyte polymer, etc. Can be used.
- the present invention when the present invention is applied to a solid oxide fuel cell or to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using hydroxide ions as a charge carrier, oxygen ions Or a solid electrolyte membrane that conducts ions as other charge carriers, such as hydroxide and hydroxide.
- Electrode membrane perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane
- Each electrode 2 and 3 provided on the inner surface and outer surface of electrode 1 is an electrode material used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. It can be formed using a material. Usually, an electrode is used in which a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer are laminated in order from the electrolyte membrane side.
- the catalyst layer includes catalyst particles, and may include a proton conductive material for improving the utilization efficiency of the catalyst particles.
- a proton conductive material a material used as a material for the electrolyte membrane may be used. it can.
- catalyst particles catalyst particles in which a catalyst component is supported on a conductive material such as a carbonaceous particle or a carbon material such as carbonaceous fiber are preferably used. Since the fuel cell of the present invention has a cell module having a hollow shape, the electrode area per unit volume can be increased as compared with a fuel cell having a flat cell. Even if the components are used, a fuel cell having a high power density per unit volume can be obtained.
- the catalyst component is not particularly limited as long as it has a catalytic action on the hydrogen oxidation reaction in the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction in the power sword.
- platinum Pt
- ruthenium Ru
- iridium Ir
- rhodium Rh
- palladium Pd
- osmium Os
- tungsten W
- lead Pb
- iron Fe
- Cr chromium
- cobalt C o
- Nickel N i
- Gallium (Ga) Aluminum (A 1) and other metals, or alloys thereof .
- An alloy made of Pt and Pt and another metal such as Ru is preferable.
- a porous conductive material mainly composed of carbonaceous particles and carbon materials such as Z or carbonaceous fibers can be used.
- carbonaceous particles and carbonaceous fibers The size may be appropriately selected in consideration of the dispersibility in the solution when the gas diffusion layer is produced, the drainage property of the obtained gas diffusion layer, and the like.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- It is preferable to perform water-repellent processing by impregnating a tetrafluoroethylene polymer or a mixture thereof, or forming a water-repellent layer using these substances.
- each electrode provided on the inner surface and outer surface of the hollow electrolyte membrane, the material used for the electrode, etc. may be the same or different.
- the method of providing a pair of electrodes on the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited.
- a tubular electrolyte membrane is prepared.
- the method for preparing the tubular electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited, and a commercially available electrolyte membrane formed in a tube shape can also be used.
- a solution containing electrolyte and catalyst particles is applied and dried on the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular electrolyte membrane to form a catalyst layer, and carbonaceous particles and Z or carbonaceous fibers are formed on the two catalyst layers.
- a gas diffusion layer may be formed by applying and drying a solution containing it. At this time, the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer are formed so that a hollow portion exists on the inner surface of the gas diffusion layer formed on the inner surface side of the electrolyte membrane.
- a tube material tubular carbonaceous material containing a carbonaceous material such as carbonaceous particles and / or carbonaceous fibers is used as a gas diffusion layer of the inner surface side electrode (anode). Apply a solution containing electrolyte and catalyst particles to the outer surface of the gas diffusion layer.
- the inner surface side electrode catalyst layer is formed by drying the cloth to form the inner surface side electrode, and then the solution containing the electrolyte is applied to the outer surface of the catalyst layer and dried to form the electrolyte membrane layer, and then the electrolyte membrane
- a method of forming a gas diffusion layer of the outer electrode by forming a catalyst layer of the outer electrode (force sword) on the outer surface of the layer and applying and drying a solution containing a carbon material on the outer surface of the catalyst layer. It is done.
- the tubular carbonaceous material can be obtained, for example, by dispersing a carbon material such as carbonaceous particles and epoxy and / or phenolic resin in a solvent, forming into a tubular shape, thermosetting, and firing. It is done.
- the solvent used when forming the electrolyte membrane, the catalyst layer, and the gas diffusion layer may be appropriately selected according to the material to be dispersed and / or dissolved, and the coating method for forming each layer is also used. It is possible to appropriately select from various methods such as spraying and screen printing.
- the cell module having a hollow shape used in the fuel cell of the present invention is not limited to the configuration exemplified above, and a layer other than the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer may be provided for the purpose of enhancing the function of the cell module. good.
- the anode is provided inside the air electrolyte membrane and the force sword is provided outside, but the force sword may be provided inside and the anode may be provided outside.
- Negative electrode side current collector (in this embodiment, an internal current collector disposed on the inner surface side electrode surface) 4 is a columnar current collector having an outer diameter in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cell module.
- a groove 4 a extending in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the module is formed.
- the gap between this groove and the inner surface side electrode 2 is a gas flow in the hollow for supplying hydrogen gas. It becomes a road.
- As the groove 4 a at least one groove extending in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the cell module is necessary, and grooves having various patterns or directions are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cell module as necessary. Is done.
- the metal wire 5 a net is alternately arranged with cell modules and rod-shaped current collectors 5 b in parallel. Can be manufactured by braiding the metal wire 5a so that the outer peripheral surfaces of both are covered with a net.
- Examples of the metal used as the positive electrode side or negative electrode side current collector include, for example, A1, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ta, Ti, Zr, Sm, In, and the like. At least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals or their alloys such as stainless steel is preferred. The surface may be coated with Au, Pt, conductive resin, or the like. Of these, stainless steel and titanium are particularly preferable because of excellent corrosion resistance.
- the thickness of the wire, the density of the braid, the thickness of the rod-shaped current collector, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the current collector 5 made up of the columnar current collector 4 and the metal wire 5a and the rod-shaped current collector 5b is used, but the current collectors 4 and 5 are not particularly limited, and are electrically conductive materials. If it consists of, the shape is arbitrary.
- the current collector may be a columnar shape, a wire shape, a rod shape, a linear shape, or a tubular shape.
- These current collectors can be made of carbon adhesive or Ag paste, if necessary. It is fixed on the electrode with an electric adhesive.
- the fuel cell of the present invention comprises two or more cell module assemblies in which two or more cell modules as described above are aligned and fixed and assembled together.
- the cell module assembly according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing one embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention, and is a perspective view of two adjacent cell module assemblies.
- Fig. 4 is a view of the cell module assembly shown in Fig. 3 as viewed from the wide front side (negative electrode output 14 side)
- Fig. 5 is a view of the cell module assembly shown in Fig. 3 from the negative electrode. It is the figure which removed the output part 14 and was seen from the wide front side.
- Fig. 6 is a view of two adjacent cell module assemblies shown in Fig. 3 as viewed from the narrow side surface.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the cell module assembly shown in Fig. 3 as a narrow side surface. It is sectional drawing cut
- each cell module assembly 10 0 is the entire contact surface between adjacent cell module assemblies 100 (however, the inner surface gas channels 9 A and 9 B 1S A positive output part 15 or a negative output part 14 which is an electrical contact between the adjacent cell module assemblies 100.
- each cell module assembly 100 in the fuel cell of the present invention is a positive output unit 15 or a negative output unit that is an electrical contact between adjacent cell module assemblies 100 connected in series. 1 4 is provided on the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly. Yes. That is, each cell module assembly 100 has a negative output of the cell module assembly adjacent to the contact surface of the positive output portion 15 provided on the contact surface with the adjacent one of the cell module assemblies.
- Negative output part 14 provided on the contact surface with the other cell module assembly that is electrically connected to and adjacent to the output unit 14 is connected to the positive output of the cell module assembly adjacent to the corresponding contact surface. It is electrically connected to the unit 15 and is connected in series with the adjacent cell module assemblies 100.
- each cell module assembly 100 has a negative current collector 12 that integrates the negative current collector 4 of each cell module 6 and collects current in the vicinity of one end of each cell module 6.
- a positive current collector 13 that integrates and collects electric materials 5 is provided in the vicinity of the other end of each cell module 6, and the negative current collector 12 and the positive current collector 13 are the same. Arranged in the same direction. That is, the negative electrode output unit 14 connected to the negative electrode current collector 12 disposed on one end side of the cell module 6 included in each cell module assembly 100 and the other end side of the cell module 6 are disposed. The negative electrode output unit 14 and the positive electrode output unit 1 are connected so that the positive electrode output unit 15 connected to the positive electrode current collector unit 13 contacts the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly 100. 5 has a large area.
- the plurality of cell module assemblies 100 are electrically connected at the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly 100, so that The structure for connection is simple, and electrical connection can be made without being bulky.
- the area of the positive electrode output part 15 or the negative electrode output part 14 serving as an electrical contact point between adjacent cell module assemblies can be increased, It is excellent in conduction between cell module assemblies. Therefore, according to the fuel cell of the present invention, a large current can be taken out.
- the cell modules can be connected in series in an array with the orientation of the cells 100 aligned, even when using dead-end type cell modules, two types of cells with the positions of the positive and negative electrodes interchanged are used. There is no need to create a module assembly or form a complicated gas flow path. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of parts required for assembling the fuel cell.
- two or more cell modules 6 are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to each other and open ends (the negative current collector 4 is exposed).
- the open end and the open end with the positive current collector 5 extended are aligned in the same direction to form a cell module row 7.
- the plurality of cell modules 6 included in the cell module row are aligned at a predetermined interval, that is, an interval having a regularity, and are usually arranged at a constant interval (equal interval). If a plurality of cell modules are not arranged at equal intervals, the reaction gas flows between these cell modules and the flow of the reaction gas supplied to the outer electrode 3 of the cell module is not uniform. This is because there may be a difference in the gas supply amount and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell may deteriorate. In particular, if the spacing between the cell modules in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the reaction gas supplied to the outer surface of the cell module is not constant, the flow of the reaction gas tends to be greatly biased.
- the cell modules are arranged and aligned so that the distance between the cell modules in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the reaction gas supplied to at least the cell module outer surface flows is constant. As long as the distance between the cell modules in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the reaction gas supplied to the outer surface of the cell module is constant, the cell modules may be in close contact with each other in other directions. The distance between the cell modules in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the reaction gas supplied to the outer surface side of the cell module flows is not necessarily the same as the distance between the cell modules in the other directions. 3 to 7 show only a part of the cell module row 7.
- an inner surface gas flow path 9 (hydrogen gas in this embodiment) is allowed to flow to the inner surface side of each cell module 6.
- 9 A, 9 B) are provided on the body side of each cell module 6 included in the cell module row 7.
- an outer surface gas flow path 10 through which a reactive gas (air in the present embodiment) flows to the outer surface side of each cell module 6.
- These two inner gas passages 9 A and 9 B and the outer gas passage 10 are arranged between the two open ends of the cell module 6 included in the cell module row 7 and the body portion of the cell module 6. Gas sealability is ensured by the partition walls 8 (8A, 8B) partitioning the side space.
- One of the gas passages 9 A and 9 B for the inner surface is a supply passage (upstream) for supplying hydrogen gas into the cavity of the cell module, and the other is hydrogen gas (part of the hydrogen is consumed from the hollow of the cell module) This is a discharge path (downstream) through which unreacted hydrogen gas is discharged.
- the pressure difference determines which of 9 A and 9 B is upstream and which is downstream.
- the cell module 6 has one open end connected to the supply path of the gas flow path 9 for the inner surface and the other open end connected to the discharge path of the gas flow path 9 for the inner surface, so that hydrogen gas flows in the hollow. ing. As shown in FIG. 3, the two open ends of each cell module 6 are inserted into through-holes (not shown) provided in the partition wall 8 and connected to the inner gas flow path 9 respectively. .
- the open end may not penetrate through the partition wall 8, and may be disposed, for example, so that its tip is aligned with the surface of the partition wall 8 that is the inner surface of the inner reaction gas flow path 9.
- a locking structure is provided in which the end of the open end is locked to the through-hole ⁇ and the axial alignment of each cell module 6 is provided, and the tip is arranged in the through-hole by the locking structure. You may make it do.
- only the rod-shaped current collector 5b, which is a part of the negative electrode-side current collector 4 or the positive electrode-side current collector 5 may penetrate therethrough (see FIGS. 5 to 7).
- the through holes provided in the partition wall 8 preferably have an inner diameter into which each cell module 6 can be inserted, and are provided at predetermined intervals. Since the partition wall having such a through hole has a function as a positioning means that can automatically determine the position of each cell module 6, the cell modules can be efficiently aligned. As described above, the cell modules 6 included in the cell module row 7 are aligned with a predetermined interval, usually a constant interval (equal interval), and flow a reaction gas supplied to at least the outer side of the cell module. Between cell modules at right angles to the direction It is preferable that the cell modules are aligned so that the intervals of the are constant.
- the through holes provided in the partition walls 8 should be provided at equal intervals so that the intervals between the cell modules can be made constant. Is preferred.
- the length of the interval between the through holes may be determined as long as it can supply a sufficient amount of reaction gas to the outer surface of the cell module.
- Each cell module 6 inserted into the through hole of the partition wall 8 is usually fixed to the through hole by a potting process or the like. At this time, in order to prevent the potting material from flowing to the surface opposite to the surface of the partition wall 8 where the potting process is performed, the through hole provided in the partition wall 8 is at least in the opening on the surface side where the potting process is performed. It is preferable that the inner diameter of the cell module inserted into the through hole is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the cell module (the outer diameter including the current collector when the current collector of the outer electrode is inserted).
- the reaction for the inner surface is performed in a cylindrical case 1 1 A, 11 B (made of a conductive material) in which the partition wall 8 and the negative electrode current collector 12 or the positive electrode current collector 13 are integrated. Gas flow paths 9 A and 9 B are formed.
- the cylindrical housing 1 1 (1 1 A, 1 1 B) is open on the contact surface side with the adjacent cell module assembly 100, and the negative electrode output section disposed on the contact surface 14 and the positive electrode output portion 15 are also provided with an opening portion 16 that overlaps with the opening portion of the cylindrical casing 11.
- the gas flow path 9 for the inner surface of the adjacent cell module aggregates 100 is composed of a negative electrode output section 14 and a positive electrode output section of each cell module aggregate 100.
- a gas seal such as an O-ring 17 is provided around the flow path connection portion. It is preferable to provide a material.
- the connection part of the gas flow path for the inner surface and the gas seal are located in the vicinity of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode current collector. Due to the presence of materials, it is usually difficult to increase the contact area between adjacent cell module assemblies.
- the contact surface between the adjacent cell module assemblies is widely used as the positive electrode and the Z or negative electrode output part far from the positive electrode and / or negative electrode current collector. Therefore, the contact area between the negative electrode output portion 14 and the positive electrode output portion 15 can be increased. Therefore, even if a gas flow path connecting portion or a gas seal material (for example, an O-ring) is disposed on the contact surface, a sufficient contact area as an electrical contact between the cell module assemblies can be secured.
- a gas flow path connecting portion or a gas seal material for example, an O-ring
- the outer surface gas flow path 10 located between A and 8 B can supply and discharge the reaction gas into the cell module assembly 100 from the narrow side surface portion of the cell module assembly 100. It is summer.
- the cell module assembly 10 0 shown in FIG. 3 has the flat output portions 14 and 15 because the contact surfaces of the adjacent cell module assemblies are the flat output portions 14 and 15. Supply and discharge, but adjacent cell modules An opening serving as a connection portion of the outer surface gas flow path 10 of each cell module assembly 100 is provided on the contact surface with the assembly, and the outer surface gas flow paths of the adjacent cell module assemblies are connected to each other. Moyore.
- air is used as the reaction gas supplied to the outer surface of the cell module 6, so that the outer surface gas flow path 10 can freely enter and exit from the outside of the cell module assembly 100. It may be an open space or a closed space communicating with an air supply source and a discharge path.
- the partition wall 8 forms a part of the cylindrical housing 11 that forms the gas flow paths 9 A and 9 B for the inner surface and functions as the negative electrode current collector 12 or the positive electrode current collector 13.
- the partition wall 8 may be a structure integrated with other members constituting the cell module assembly 100, or may be a structure removable from the cylindrical housing 11.
- the partition wall 8 constitutes a part of the cylindrical housing 11 and is formed of a conductive material.
- the material forming the partition wall 8 is not particularly limited, and the cell is not limited. It is only necessary to have hardness and strength capable of supporting the module 6 and non-permeability to the reaction gas. For example, metal, resin, carbon material, glass, ceramics and the like can be mentioned.
- the partition wall 8 is formed of a conductive material, insulation with other members including the cell module 6 is performed as necessary.
- the configuration of the negative electrode output unit 14 and the positive electrode output unit 15 is not particularly limited as long as the negative electrode output unit 14 and the positive electrode output unit 15 are arranged on the contact surface between the adjacent cell module assemblies.
- one end is connected to the negative current collector 12 or the positive current collector 13 and the other end is fixed to any member.
- a part of a plate-like member provided on the contact surface and capturing the cell modules 6 included in the cell module row 7 may be formed of a conductive material, and the negative electrode current collector It may be configured to be connected to the unit 12 or the positive electrode current collector 13. Further, the shape is not particularly limited.
- the contact area between the output portions serving as electrical contacts is larger.
- the negative electrode output unit 14 and / or the positive electrode output unit 15 are arranged at the upper end of the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly 100. It is preferable to constitute a column structure that bridges between the lower end and the lower end. When the negative electrode output portion 14 and / or the positive electrode output portion 15 has such a column structure, the contact area between the output portions of the adjacent cell module assemblies 100 can be increased. At the same time, the cell module row 7 can be captured in the axial direction.
- each output section extends over the entire contact surface such as the flat plate shown in the figure if it bridges between the upper and lower ends of the contact surface with the adjacent cell module assembly 100.
- the contact surface may be narrow with respect to the left-right direction, or may have a plurality of such narrow column structures.
- a through structure such as a plurality of punch holes can be formed on the flat plate in the figure.
- the negative electrode output portion 14 and the positive electrode output portion 15 are matched with the adjacent cell module aggregates 100 as in this embodiment. It is preferable that it is flat form which forms the whole contact surface.
- the part where the output part and the collector part of the opposite electrode are fixed is electrically insulated.
- the negative output part 14 connected to the negative current collector 12 provided on the upper end side of each cell module assembly 100 is provided on the lower end side of the cell module assembly 100.
- the positive electrode current collector 13 and the insulating material 18 are joined to each other.
- the positive electrode output unit 15 connected to the positive electrode current collector 13 provided on the lower end side of each cell module assembly 100 is connected to the negative electrode provided on the upper end side of the cell module assembly 100.
- the current collector 1 2 and the insulating material 1 8 are joined together.
- This insulating material 18 is composed of a cylindrical housing 1 1 that functions as the positive electrode current collector 1 1 3 and a cylindrical housing that functions as the periphery of the opening on the negative electrode output 1 4 side of 1 B and the negative electrode current collector 1 2.
- the body 1 1 A is arranged so as to surround the opening on the positive electrode output section 15 side. .
- the insulating material 18 is not particularly limited as long as it can electrically insulate the negative electrode output unit 14 and the positive electrode current collector 13 and the positive electrode output unit 15 and the negative electrode current collector 12.
- An insulating adhesive that can be bonded and insulated can be used.
- Epo Examples include xy-based adhesives and silicone-based adhesives.
- each output part 14, 15 and each current collecting part 12, 13 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals, carbon materials, conductive ceramics, and conductive resins. . These conductive materials may be used alone or in combination. Specific examples of metal materials include at least one selected from Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ta, Ti, Zr, Sm, In, etc. Metals or their alloys such as stainless steel (SUS).
- the conductive material that forms the output section and current collector section may be selected as appropriate according to the structure of the cell module assembly. SUS and Ti are used for strength, and A 1 is used for weight reduction. From the viewpoint of T i and conductivity, Cu and A 1 are preferable.
- each current collector can be appropriately selected according to the environment to which each output unit is exposed.
- Ti, SUS, etc. are preferably used.
- the negative electrode side current collector 4 extended from the open end of each cell module 6 inserted into the through hole of the partition wall 8A is used as the gas for the inner surface. Crossing the channel 9 A, it is connected to the negative electrode current collector 12.
- the positive electrode current collector 5 extended from the open end of each cell module 6 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 1 3 across the gas flow path 9 B for the inner surface.
- each current collector (1 2, 1 3) is provided with a through hole into which the current collector (4, 5) can be inserted or a hole that does not penetrate, and the current collector of each cell module 6 is inserted into the hole. Then, it can be fixed with solder or the like, and a current collector can be connected to each current collector.
- the current collector is provided with a through-hole as described above, the through-hole is sealed as necessary to ensure the gas sealing property of the inner gas passage.
- the cylindrical housing 1 that forms the gas flow path 9 A or 9 B for the inner surface
- the arrangement and structure of the negative electrode current collector 12 and the positive electrode current collector 13 are not particularly limited as long as the positive electrode current collector 13 is provided near the one end and in the vicinity of the other end.
- the negative electrode current collector 12 and Z or the positive electrode current collector 13 may form part of the inner surface or the outer surface of the inner surface gas flow path 9 A or 9 B, or the inner surface gas flow It may be installed on the inner or outer surface of road 9A or 9B.
- the method of electrical connection between the negative current collector 12 and the negative output 14 to integrate the negative current collector 4 of each cell module 6, and the positive current collector 5 of each cell module 6 The electrical connection between the positive current collector 1 3 and the positive output 15 It is not limited.
- the cylindrical casing 11 A made of a conductive material and functioning as the negative electrode current collector 12 is welded and electrically connected to the negative electrode output 14 made of a conductive material.
- it may have a structure in which the cylindrical casing 11 A and the negative electrode output portion 14 are integrally formed.
- a cylindrical housing 11 B made of a conductive material and functioning as the positive electrode current collector 13 and a positive electrode output portion 15 made of a conductive material are welded and electrically connected.
- the cylindrical housing 11 B and the positive electrode output portion 15 may have a structure integrally formed.
- the cell module assembly arranged at one end usually has an output terminal 19 for conducting electrical connection with the outside of the fuel cell.
- an output terminal (not shown) that conducts electricity to the outside of the fuel cell is provided in the positive electrode current collector 13.
- the cell module assembly of the present invention is not limited to the form shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, and the number of cell modules constituting one cell module assembly, the arrangement form, etc. are not particularly limited. .
- the negative electrode current collector 12 is disposed on the upper end side of the cell module assembly 100
- the positive electrode current collector 13 is disposed on the lower end side of the cell module assembly 100.
- the reverse configuration may be used.
- each of the inner gas passage 9 (9A, 9B) and the cell module including the supply passage and the discharge passage is provided.
- the cell module is connected to the open end of the In the case of the dead end type in which the hollow interior is open only, the cell module row is formed by aligning the open ends and the closed ends of each cell module in the same direction.
- the gas flow path for the inner surface consists only of a supply path for supplying the reaction gas into the hollow from the open end, and the open end is connected to the supply path.
- the partition wall 8 does not need to be provided on the closed end side of the cell module, and may be fixed to a member for fixing the cell module having no gas channel for the inner surface.
- the fixing member is preferably provided with guiding means for determining the positions of the cell modules included in the cell module row, such as hole grooves provided at predetermined intervals.
- the fixing member may also serve as a current collector.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention is useful as a fuel cell that is easy to downsize and operates at a low temperature and further improves the power generation performance and extends the life.
- it is suitable for use as a portable or mobile power source.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112006000323T DE112006000323T5 (de) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | Brennstoffzelle |
CN2006800040464A CN101116208B (zh) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | 燃料电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005028468A JP2006216410A (ja) | 2005-02-04 | 2005-02-04 | 燃料電池 |
JP2005-028468 | 2005-02-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006083036A1 true WO2006083036A1 (ja) | 2006-08-10 |
Family
ID=36777394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2006/302309 WO2006083036A1 (ja) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | 燃料電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080138695A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006216410A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101116208B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006000323T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006083036A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108296206A (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-20 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池双极板的清洗存放工装 |
Families Citing this family (7)
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JP5040098B2 (ja) | 2005-11-10 | 2012-10-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | チューブ型燃料電池 |
TWI317186B (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-11-11 | Optodisc Technology Corp | Column type fuel cell, series device thereof and stack thereof |
KR20130039513A (ko) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 고체산화물 연료전지 및 그 제조방법 |
DE102012219104A1 (de) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrochemische Zelle mit tubularem Trägergitter |
DE102015217944A1 (de) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrochemische Zelle sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrochemischen Zelle |
DE102016005144A1 (de) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Uniwell Rohrsysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verbundkörper mit integriertem Strömungsfeld und Stromsammler |
CN114792833B (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-06-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种高压组件、燃料电池模块以及车辆 |
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- 2006-02-03 CN CN2006800040464A patent/CN101116208B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-03 US US11/795,872 patent/US20080138695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-03 DE DE112006000323T patent/DE112006000323T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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CN108296206B (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2024-02-27 | 国鸿氢能科技(嘉兴)股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池双极板的清洗存放工装 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112006000323T5 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
CN101116208A (zh) | 2008-01-30 |
US20080138695A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
JP2006216410A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
CN101116208B (zh) | 2010-05-19 |
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