WO2006049018A1 - 高分子電解質形燃料電池 - Google Patents
高分子電解質形燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006049018A1 WO2006049018A1 PCT/JP2005/019369 JP2005019369W WO2006049018A1 WO 2006049018 A1 WO2006049018 A1 WO 2006049018A1 JP 2005019369 W JP2005019369 W JP 2005019369W WO 2006049018 A1 WO2006049018 A1 WO 2006049018A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling fluid
- supply pipe
- polymer electrolyte
- gas
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte used for a portable power source, an electric vehicle power source, a home cogeneration system, and the like, and particularly relates to improvement of a fastening portion thereof.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of a conventional fuel cell 200 composed of a laminate 110 in which two or more unit cells 101 shown in FIG. 9 are laminated.
- a unit cell 101 which is a basic configuration of a conventional fuel cell, mainly includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 111 that selectively transports cations (hydrogen ions), and a pair of gas diffusion electrodes disposed on both sides thereof. 112, 113.
- the electrodes 112 and 113 are a catalyst layer in which a carbon powder supporting an electrode catalyst (for example, platinum metal) is mixed with a polymer electrolyte having hydrogen ion conductivity, and air permeability and electronic conductivity formed on the outer surface of the catalyst layer.
- a gas diffusion layer made of carbon paper with water repellent treatment.
- a gas seal material 114 such as a gasket is disposed across the polymer electrolyte membrane 111.
- the sealing material 114 is integrated with the gas diffusion electrodes 112 and 113 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- Reacting gas (fuel gas or oxidant gas) is supplied to the gas diffusion electrodes 112 and 113 to the portions of the separator plates 116 and 117 that are in contact with the MEA, respectively, and the generated gas and surplus gas are carried.
- Gas passages 118 and 120 for leaving are formed.
- the gas flow paths 118 and 120 can be provided separately from the separator plates 116 and 117. However, as shown in FIG. 9, the gas flow paths 118 and 120 are configured by providing grooves on the surfaces of the separator plates 116 and 117. It is common.
- ME A and separator plates 116 and 117 constitute a unit cell 101, and MEAs and separator plates 116 and 117 are alternately stacked via a cooling unit (not shown) (that is, the unit cell 101 is combined with 10 units).
- the laminated body 110 shown in FIG. 10 is configured. Then, the laminate 110 is sandwiched between the end plate 130 through the current collector plate 122 and the insulating plate 123, and both ends are fixed with the fastening bolts 135 and nuts 136, and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 200 is placed. It is common to do this.
- the separator plates 116 and 117 are made of carbon plates and are in contact with the gas diffusion electrodes 112 and 113. Are formed with flow paths 118, 120 for supplying fuel gas or oxidant gas to the electrodes 112, 113 and flow paths 119, 121 for circulating a cooling fluid for cooling the fuel cell.
- a fuel gas inlet side hold and an oxidant gas inlet side hold (not shown) for supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas to these flow paths 118 and 120
- cooling fluid inlet side manifolds (not shown) for supplying the cooling fluid to the flow paths 119 and 121 are provided in the surface of the separator plates 116 and 117 or outside the separator plates 116 and 117, respectively.
- the fuel gas supply pipe 124, the oxidant gas supply pipe 126, and the cooling fluid supply pipe 128 are connected in a state of extending in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of each main surface of the MEA. Speak.
- a fuel gas outlet side hold and an oxidant gas outlet side hold for discharging fuel gas and oxidant gas from these flow paths 118, 120, and flow Cooling fluid outlet side manifolds (not shown) for discharging the cooling fluid from the passages 119 and 121 are provided in the surface of the separator plates 116 and 117 or outside, respectively.
- the fuel gas discharge pipe 125, the oxidant gas discharge pipe 127, and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 129 are connected so as to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of each MEA. ! RU
- an end plate is used.
- the discharge pipe 129 is integrally coupled to the end plate 130 or configured to be in physical contact with the end plate 130 (for example, Patent Document 1). .
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-22720
- the conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell 200 has the following points to be improved. That is, since the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 exhibits high conductivity in a state where it absorbs moisture, the reaction gas is supplied to the fuel cell in a moistened state. In particular, considering the stability and durability of fuel cell performance, the reaction gas to be supplied should be 100% relative humidity or higher. There is a need to.
- the fuel cell when used for cogeneration purposes, it is desirable to recover the heat of the exhaust gas and the cooling fluid.
- the amount of heat that can be recovered has decreased and the heat recovery efficiency has been reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the end plate generates heat from a fuel gas supply pipe, an oxidant gas supply pipe, a fuel gas discharge pipe, and an oxidant gas discharge pipe. And prevent condensation of reaction gas in the above supply pipe and flooding in the gas flow path of the separator plate, making stable operation easy and reducing exhaust gas and cooling fluid power. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly reliable polymer electrolyte fuel cell that enables efficient heat recovery.
- a membrane electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane and a force sword, and an anode separator plate and a cathode separator plate disposed with the membrane electrode assembly sandwiched therebetween
- a fuel cell comprising a laminate having a battery and a pair of end plates sandwiching the laminate
- the stack includes a fuel gas inlet side manifold and a fuel gas outlet side manifold for supplying and discharging fuel gas to and from the unit cell, and an oxidant for supplying and discharging oxidant gas to the unit cell. It has a gas inlet side hold and an oxidant gas outlet side hold,
- the inlet of the fuel gas inlet side and the inlet of the oxidant gas inlet side of the manifold respectively extend in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the unit cell.
- a fuel gas supply pipe and an oxidant gas supply pipe are connected, and the outlet direction of the fuel gas outlet side and the outlet of the oxidant gas outlet are respectively in the normal direction of the main surface of the single battery.
- a fuel gas discharge pipe and an oxidant gas supply pipe extending in a direction substantially parallel to the
- the pair of end plates are located at positions corresponding to the fuel gas supply pipe, the oxidant gas supply pipe, the fuel gas discharge pipe, and the oxidant gas discharge pipe.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a notch for allowing the fuel gas discharge pipe and the oxidant gas discharge pipe to escape is provided.
- the “laminate” in the present invention may be a laminate having one single cell or a laminate having two or more unit cells.
- a laminated body is formed by arranging a current collecting plate and an insulating plate on both sides of one or two or more unit cells.
- the “end portion” of a laminate that also has a single cell force in the present invention refers to the end portions on both sides of the laminate. Any of them may be used. That is, the laminate in the present invention has a fuel gas inlet side hold, a fuel gas outlet side hold, an oxidant gas inlet side hold and an oxidant gas exit side hold, These are connected to a fuel gas supply pipe, an oxidant gas supply pipe, a fuel gas discharge pipe and an oxidant gas discharge pipe, respectively.
- the gas discharge pipe and the oxidant gas discharge pipe may be provided at either one end or the other end, respectively.
- the "direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the unit cell” refers to a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction formed only by the direction parallel to the normal direction, that is, at least the method It also means a direction partially including a direction parallel to the line direction.
- the fuel gas supply pipe, the oxidant gas supply pipe, the fuel gas discharge pipe, and the oxidant gas discharge pipe described above in the present invention are parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the unit cell. It may have a portion where the reaction gas flows in the direction, for example, a portion extending obliquely with respect to the normal direction or a portion extending perpendicularly.
- the fuel gas supply pipe, the oxidant gas supply pipe, the fuel gas discharge pipe and the oxidant gas discharge pipe are allowed to escape means that the end plate in the present invention is a fuel gas. It has a shape that does not come into contact with the supply pipe for oxidant gas, the supply pipe for oxidant gas, the discharge pipe for fuel gas, and the discharge pipe for oxidant gas.
- the end plate has the above-described configuration, whereby a fuel gas supply pipe, an oxidant gas supply pipe, a fuel gas discharge pipe, and an oxidation gas are supplied. Since the exhaust pipe for the agent gas is not in physical contact with the end plate, the heat of the supply pipe and the exhaust pipe is not deprived by the end plate. It is possible to suppress flooding in the gas flow path of the separator plate and to efficiently recover heat from the exhaust gas and the cooling fluid.
- the shape of the end plate does not contact the fuel gas supply pipe, the oxidizing gas supply pipe, the fuel gas discharge pipe, and the oxidant gas discharge pipe. like
- the shape it is possible to reliably prevent the heat of the above-mentioned supply pipe and discharge pipe force from being taken away by the end plate, and the dew condensation of gas in the above supply pipe and discharge pipe will cause the gas flow path of the separator plate.
- By suppressing flooding in the fuel cell it is possible to provide a highly reliable polymer electrolyte fuel cell that can perform stable operation and efficiently recover heat from exhaust gas or cooling fluid.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a basic configuration of a first embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a front view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 A rear view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of the first embodiment of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of this embodiment, which is composed of a laminate 10 in which two or more single cells 1 are laminated.
- 3 is a front view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (viewed from the direction of the arrow X).
- FIG. 4 is a rear view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (viewed in the direction of arrow Y).
- a unit cell 1 in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention basically includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 11 that selectively transports cations (hydrogen ions), and its It consists of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13 arranged on both sides.
- the gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13 mainly include a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer disposed on the outer surface of the catalyst layer.
- the catalyst layer is composed of a mixture of carbon powder supporting an electrode catalyst (for example, platinum metal) and a polymer electrolyte having hydrogen ion conductivity.
- the gas diffusion layer is made of, for example, carbon paper that has both air permeability and electron conductivity, for example, water-repellent treatment.
- a gas seal material 14 such as a gasket is disposed across the polymer electrolyte membrane 11.
- the sealing material 14 is integrated with the gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 to constitute a membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- conductive separator plates 16 and 17 are arranged for mechanically fixing the MEA and connecting adjacent MEAs electrically in series with each other.
- Reacting gases are supplied to the gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13 to the portions of the anode side and force sword side separator plates 16 and 17 that are in contact with the MEA, respectively.
- the gas passages 18 and 20 for carrying the gas away may be formed.
- the gas flow paths 18 and 20 can be provided separately from the separator plates 16 and 17. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20 is configured.
- MEA and separator plates 16 and 17 constitute a unit cell, and MEA and separator plates 16 and 17 are alternately stacked via a cooling unit (not shown).
- Laminated body 10 is configured by stacking up to 200 pieces. The laminated body 10 is sandwiched between the end plate 30 via the current collector plate 22 and the insulating plate 23, and these are fixed from both ends with fastening bolts 35 and nuts 36, whereby the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present embodiment. 100 is configured.
- the paralator plates 16 and 17 are made of carbon or metal flat plates. Further, on the surface in contact with the gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13, the flow paths 18 and 20 for supplying the fuel gas or the oxidant gas to the gas diffusion electrodes 12 and 13 and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 are cooled. Channels 19 and 21 for flowing a cooling fluid (for example, cooling water) are formed.
- a cooling fluid for example, cooling water
- a fuel gas inlet side manifold and an oxidant gas inlet side mask for supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas to the flow paths 18, 20 are provided.
- -A hold (not shown) and a cooling fluid inlet side hold (not shown) for supplying cooling fluid to the channels 19 and 21 are provided.
- a fuel gas supply pipe 24, an oxidant gas supply pipe 26, and a cooling fluid supply pipe 28 are connected to the MEA inlets at the inlets of the respective ends of the stacked body 10. That is, they are connected in a state extending in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the unit cell 1.
- the fuel gas outlet side manifold and the oxidant gas outlet side mask for discharging the fuel gas and the oxidant gas from the flow paths 18 and 20 are provided.
- -A hold (not shown) and a cooling fluid outlet side hold (not shown) for discharging the cooling fluid from the channels 19 and 21 are provided.
- the anode-side separator plate 16 constituting the unit cell 1 has a fuel gas flow path 18 on the surface facing the anode 12 and a cooling fluid flow path 19 on the back surface.
- the separator plate 17 on the side of the force sword constituting the unit cell 1 has an oxidant gas passage 20 on the surface facing the force sword 13 and a cooling fluid passage 21 on the back.
- the fuel gas flow path 18 communicates the inlet side manifold communicating with the fuel gas supply pipe 24 and the outlet side manifold communicating with the fuel gas discharge pipe 25.
- the oxidant gas flow path 20 communicates the inlet side manifold communicating with the oxidant gas supply pipe 26 and the outlet side manifold communicating with the oxidant gas discharge pipe 27.
- a flow passage 19 and a flow passage 21 form one cooling fluid flow path.
- the flow path of the cooling fluid communicates the inlet manifold that communicates with the cooling fluid supply pipe 28 and the outlet manifold that communicates with the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29.
- the fuel gas supply pipe 24, the oxidant, A gas discharge pipe 27 and a cooling fluid discharge pipe 29 are attached to the front end (left side in FIG. 2) of the laminate 10.
- a fuel gas discharge pipe 25, an oxidant gas supply pipe 26, and a cooling fluid supply pipe 28 are attached to the end of the laminated body 10 on the rear side (right side in FIG. 2). It has been.
- a fuel gas discharge pipe 25, an oxidant gas discharge pipe 27, and a cooling fluid discharge pipe 29 are MEA, that is, the unit cell 1 Are connected in a state extending in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the main body, and the fuel gas supply pipe 24 and the oxidant gas are connected to the inlets of the respective mall ends at the end of the laminate 10.
- the supply pipe 26 and the cooling fluid supply pipe 28 are connected in a state extending in a direction substantially parallel to the normal direction of the main surface of the MEA, that is, the unit cell 1.
- moisture is deprived by the end plate, causing moisture condensation in the gas and flooding in the gas flow path, and reducing the efficiency of heat recovery from the exhaust gas and the cooling fluid.
- end plates 1A and 1B having a structure as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are used.
- the end plates 1A and IB sandwich the laminated body 10 through the panel 37, and are produced by providing partial cutouts on a flexible plate material.
- the panel 37 is positioned by providing a groove or a recess (not shown) having a shape corresponding to, for example, the panel 37 in the end plates 1A and IB and fitting into the groove or the recess.
- the end plates 1 A and IB are configured to have bolt holes at the four corners corresponding to the bolt holes provided at the four corners of the laminate 10.
- the front end plate 1A has a notch 2A at the left end corresponding to the fuel gas supply pipe 24 and the oxidant gas discharge pipe 27, and the lower end corresponding to the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29.
- the rear end plate 1B is provided with a notch 2B at the end corresponding to the fuel gas discharge pipe 25 and the oxidant gas supply pipe 26, and corresponds to the cooling fluid supply pipe 28. It has a notch 3B at its end. That is, due to the notches 2B and 3B, the end plate 1B does not physically contact the fuel gas discharge pipe 25, the oxidant gas supply pipe 26, and the cooling fluid supply pipe 28.
- the end plates 1A and IB described above can be manufactured by punching a plate material having appropriate elasticity.
- a plate material having a shape corresponding to a square or a rectangle which is the shape of the end face of the unit cell 1 is manufactured by punching so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the center portion.
- the punching process in order to eliminate contact with the supply pipe and discharge pipe for fuel gas, oxidant gas, and cooling fluid, the notch 2A and the notch 2B that allow these pipes to escape are easily and reliably formed. be able to.
- the end plates 1A and IB have the above-described configuration, so that the fuel gas supply pipe 24 and the fuel gas discharge pipe 25 attached to the end of the laminate 10 are provided.
- the oxidant gas supply pipe 26, the oxidant gas discharge pipe 27, the cooling fluid supply pipe 28, and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29 are not in contact with each other. Therefore, the end plates 1A and IB can prevent condensation of water vapor due to humidification of the reaction gas flowing through the supply pipe and the discharge pipe, which does not take heat from the supply pipe and the discharge pipe.
- the reaction gas and cooling fluid that are exhausted can continue to retain their heat.
- the position of the panel 37 can be selected relatively freely in the plane portions of the end plates 1A and IB.
- the present embodiment it is possible to suppress flooding due to condensation in the reaction gas flow path and to improve the thermal efficiency of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. That is, the above supply pipe and discharge pipe are not thermally related to the end plates 1A and IB. Therefore, heat dissipation through the end plates 1A and IB is avoided. As a result, condensation of humidified water and heat generated by the polymer electrolyte fuel cell caused by heat dissipation through the end plates 1A and IB are avoided. It is possible to reduce inconveniences such as loss.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the second embodiment is obtained by replacing the end plate 30 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the configuration other than the end plate is the same as that of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a front view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (a view also showing the directional force of arrow X).
- the pair of end plates 30 that sandwich the laminate 10 via the panel 37 is produced by punching a flexible plate, and the shape of the unit cell 1 (square ) In the form of a cross having four strip-shaped pieces 31 having bolt holes corresponding to the bolt holes provided at the four corners. That is, due to the cutout portions 30A, 30B, 30C and 30D, the end plate 30 does not physically contact the fuel gas supply pipe 24, the oxidant gas discharge pipe 27 and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29. Yes.
- a nut 36 is screwed onto the tip of the bolt 35 loosely engaged with the bolt holes at the four corners of the laminate 10 and the end plate 30, and is interposed between the end plate 30 and the end of the laminate 10.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of this embodiment is configured by constantly applying a fastening pressure to the laminate 10 by the panel 37.
- a total of five panel 37 are used, one arranged at the center of the end plate 30 and the other arranged at the same central force of the four pieces 31.
- end plate 30 In order to effectively relieve the stress based on the local strain generated in the laminate 10 by the stagnation of the end plate 30, as shown in FIG. It has a point-symmetric shape, and the position where the fastener is mounted and the position where the panel 37 is mounted are It is preferable that they are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the central portion. Also end plate
- end plate on the back side (arrow Y side in FIG. 2) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment also has the same shape as the end plate 30 described above.
- the thermal efficiency of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be improved. That is, since the supply pipe and the discharge pipe are not physically in contact with the end plate 30 and are not thermally related to each other, heat dissipation through the end plate 30 is avoided, and as a result, the heat passing through the end plate 30 is avoided. Condensation of humidified water caused by heat dissipation and thermal loss of polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be reduced.
- the fastening pressure by the bolt 35 and the nut 36 that fasten the pair of end plates 30 as fasteners is always applied to the laminate 10 via the panel 37.
- the end plate 30 has a cross shape, and the four strip-shaped pieces 31 are flexible so that they can be squeezed independently of the other pieces. Therefore, even when local distortion occurs in the laminate 10 due to thermal expansion or the like, the portion of the end plate 30 corresponding to the panel 37 to which the distortion is applied can be held. In this way, the difference in reaction force against each panel 37 from the laminate 10 that receives the fastening pressure by the fastener is absorbed by the stagnation of the end plate 30.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the third embodiment is obtained by replacing the end plate 30 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the configuration other than the end plate is the same as that of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 according to an embodiment (a view also showing a directional force indicated by an arrow X).
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 according to an embodiment (a view also showing a directional force indicated by an arrow X).
- the end plate 40 in the present embodiment includes a central square portion 41 and four strip-shaped pieces 42, and the pieces 42 are formed from the corners of the portion 41. In addition, it is configured to extend outward on a line connecting the corner and the center of the portion 41. That is, due to the cutouts 4 OA, 40B, 40C, and 40D, the end plate 40 does not physically contact the fuel gas supply pipe 24, the oxidizing gas discharge pipe 27, and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29. Have.
- the piece 42 has bolt holes at positions corresponding to the bolt holes provided at the four corners of the laminate 10.
- the end plate 40 of the present embodiment has a point-symmetric shape with respect to the center thereof, as in the second embodiment, and the position where the fastener is mounted and the panel 37 are Positional force to be mounted It is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the central part.
- the end plate on the back side (the arrow Y side in FIG. 2) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment also has the same shape as the end plate 40 described above.
- the fastening pressure by the bolt 35 and the nut 36 that fasten the pair of end plates 4 as fasteners is always applied to the laminate 10 through the panel 37.
- the end plate 40 has a substantially cross shape, and the four strip-shaped pieces 42 are flexible so that they can be squeezed independently of the other pieces. Therefore, such as thermal expansion Therefore, even when local strain is generated in the laminate 10, the portion of the end plate 40 corresponding to the panel 37 to which the strain is applied can be squeezed. In this way, the difference in reaction force against each panel 37 from the laminate 10 that receives the fastening pressure by the fastener is absorbed by the stagnation of the end plate 40.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the fourth embodiment is obtained by replacing the end plate 30 in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the configuration other than the end plate is the same as that of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a front view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (a view also showing the directional force of arrow X).
- the end plate 50 in the present embodiment includes a central square portion 51 and four strip-shaped pieces 52, and the pieces 52 are formed from the corners of the portion 51. In addition, it is configured to extend outward on a line connecting the corner and the center of the portion 51. In other words, the end plate 50 is not physically in contact with the fuel gas supply pipe 24, the oxidizing agent gas discharge pipe 27, and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29 due to the notches 50 A, 50 B, 50 C and 50 D. have.
- the piece 52 has bolt holes at positions corresponding to the bolt holes provided at the four corners of the laminate 10. Further, four substantially equilateral triangular openings 53 are provided in the central portion 51 of the end plate 50. Further, in the same manner as in the third embodiment described above, a total of nine panel 37 that are interposed between the end plate 50 and the laminated body 10 are arranged, and the central portion of the portion 41, the vicinity of the four corner portions, And it is distribute
- the end plate 50 of the present embodiment has a point-symmetric shape with respect to the center thereof, as in the second embodiment, and the position where the fastener is mounted and the panel 37 are Positional force to be mounted It is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the central part.
- the end plate on the back side (arrow Y side in FIG. 2) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment also has the same shape as the end plate 50 described above.
- the fastening pressure by the bolt 35 and the nut 36 that fasten the pair of end plates 50 as fasteners is constantly applied to the laminate 10 through the panel 37.
- the end plate 50 has a substantially cross shape, and the four strip-shaped pieces 52 are flexible so that they can be squeezed independently of the other pieces. Therefore, even when local strain occurs in the laminate 10 due to thermal expansion or the like, the portion of the end plate 50 corresponding to the panel 37 to which the strain is applied can be held. In this way, the difference in reaction force against each panel 37 from the laminate 10 that receives the clamping pressure by the fastener is absorbed by the stagnation of the end plate 50.
- the end plate 50 has the substantially equilateral triangular opening 53 as described above, whereby the laminate 10 is fastened to form the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100.
- the amount of stagnation that is, the degree of stagnation
- FIG. 8 is a front view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (a view also showing the directional force of arrow X).
- the end plate 60 in this embodiment includes a central circular portion 61 and four strip-shaped pieces 62, and the pieces 62 are formed from the peripheral edge of the portion 61. It is configured to extend radially.
- the end plate 50 is configured so that it does not come into physical contact with the fuel gas supply pipe 24, the oxidant gas discharge pipe 27, and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 29 due to the good cutouts and notches 60A, 60B, 60C and 60D. Have.
- the piece 62 has bolt holes at positions corresponding to the bolt holes provided at the four corners of the laminate 10, and the central portion 61 of the end plate 60 is circular. Further, in the same manner as in the third embodiment described above, a total of nine panel 37 that are interposed between the end plate 60 and the laminate 10 are arranged, and the center of the portion 61, the vicinity of the four corners, and It is arranged between the panels near the adjacent corners.
- the end plate 60 of the present embodiment has a point-symmetric shape with respect to the center thereof, as in the second embodiment, and the position where the fastener is mounted and the panel 37 are Positional force to be mounted It is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the central part.
- end plate on the back side (arrow Y side in FIG. 2) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment also has the same shape as the end plate 60 described above.
- the fastening pressure by the bolt 35 and the nut 36 that fasten the pair of end plates 60 as fasteners is always applied to the laminate 10 through the panel 37.
- the end plate 60 has a substantially cross shape, and the four strip-shaped pieces 62 are flexible so that they can be squeezed independently of the other pieces. Therefore, even when local strain occurs in the laminate 10 due to thermal expansion or the like, the portion of the end plate 60 corresponding to the panel 37 to which the strain is applied can be held. In this way, the difference in reaction force against each panel 37 from the laminate 10 that receives the clamping pressure by the fastener is absorbed by the stagnation of the end plate 60.
- the shape of the end plates arranged on both sides of the laminate 10 is the same, but it is different between one side and the other side as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It is also possible to use a shaped end plate.
- the inlet side manifold and the outlet side holder of the cooling fluid are communicated between the anode side separator plate and the adjacent force sword side separator plate.
- the cooling fluid channel may not be provided between the single cells, and for example, a cooling fluid channel may be provided for every two cells.
- a single separator plate having a fuel gas channel on one side and an anode side separator plate and a force sword side separator plate having an oxidant gas channel on the other side is provided. It can also be used together.
- conductive carbon particles having an average primary particle diameter of 30 nm were supported with 50% by weight of platinum particles having an average particle diameter of about 30 A. This was used as the power sword side catalyst powder.
- platinum particles and ruthenium particles having an average particle diameter of about 30 A were supported on the same conductive carbon particles as described above at 25% by weight. This was used as the catalyst powder on the anode side.
- Each of these catalyst powders was dispersed in isopropanol, and the resulting dispersion was A sword catalyst paste and an anode catalyst paste were prepared by mixing an ethyl alcohol dispersion of one fluorocarbon sulfonic acid powder.
- a force sword catalyst paste is used as a raw material and is applied to one side of a 250 ⁇ m thick carbon non-woven fabric using a screen printing method to form a force sword catalyst layer, and an anode catalyst paste is used as a raw material.
- an anode catalyst layer was formed by coating on one side of another carbon non-woven fabric having a thickness of 250 m.
- the amount of catalytic metal contained in the electrode thus formed was 0.5 mg / cm 2 and the amount of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid was 1.2 mgZcm 2 .
- the carbon non-woven fabric having the anode catalyst layer and the carbon non-woven fabric having the force sword catalyst layer are formed in the central portion of the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane having an area slightly larger than these electrodes.
- the two catalyst layers were joined by hot pressing so that each catalyst layer was in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- As the polymer electrolyte membrane a thin film of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (Naphion 112 (trade name) manufactured by DuPont, USA) was used. Further, a MEA was fabricated by hot-pressing a gasket punched out in the same shape as the outer periphery of the separator plate with a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched around the outer periphery of the electrode.
- a comparative polymer electrolyte fuel cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the end plate was a square plate-like end plate that has been used in the past. However, the positions of the piping and the panel were the same as in the second embodiment.
- the amount of heat recovered by the cooling fluid (W) was measured by a method of calculating using the flow rate of cooling water (LZhr), specific heat CFZ kg-k), and temperature rise (K). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention is useful for a portable power source, a power source for an electric vehicle, a domestic cogeneration system, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2004-318314 | 2004-11-01 | ||
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6093765A (ja) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-25 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JPS62271366A (ja) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池のスタツク締付構造 |
JPS62271364A (ja) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH08130028A (ja) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH08203553A (ja) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-08-09 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH1012262A (ja) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JP2003331905A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
-
2005
- 2005-10-21 WO PCT/JP2005/019369 patent/WO2006049018A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6093765A (ja) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-25 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JPS62271366A (ja) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池のスタツク締付構造 |
JPS62271364A (ja) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH08130028A (ja) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH08203553A (ja) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-08-09 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH1012262A (ja) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JP2003331905A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
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