WO2006033471A1 - 電子写真ベルト、電子写真ベルトの製造方法および電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真ベルト、電子写真ベルトの製造方法および電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006033471A1 WO2006033471A1 PCT/JP2005/018061 JP2005018061W WO2006033471A1 WO 2006033471 A1 WO2006033471 A1 WO 2006033471A1 JP 2005018061 W JP2005018061 W JP 2005018061W WO 2006033471 A1 WO2006033471 A1 WO 2006033471A1
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- Prior art keywords
- belt
- electrophotographic
- electrophotographic belt
- thickness
- tube
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/01—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G15/0105—Details of unit
- G03G15/0131—Details of unit for transferring a pattern to a second base
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
- G03G15/162—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support details of the the intermediate support, e.g. chemical composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G2215/0103—Plural electrographic recording members
- G03G2215/0119—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G2215/0151—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies characterised by the technical problem
- G03G2215/0158—Colour registration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transfer material conveying belt used in an electrophotographic apparatus or an intermediate transfer belt.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic belt, and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic belt.
- electrophotographic belts such as transfer material conveying belts and intermediate transfer belts are often used in color electrophotographic apparatuses.
- These electrophotographic belts are usually stretched around two or more rollers and installed in the electrophotographic apparatus, and are rotated by at least one roller (drive roller) among the rollers.
- Color electrophotographic devices using electrophotographic belts are roughly classified into the following two types.
- toner images of different colors respectively formed on the surface of a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members are transferred onto a transfer material transported by a transfer material transport belt or
- This is a so-called tandem type color electrophotographic apparatus that sequentially transfers images to an intermediate transfer belt.
- the second type uses one electrophotographic photosensitive member and an intermediate transfer belt. After the intermediate transfer belt rotates four times, it is transferred to the transfer material in a batch. This is a 4-pass color electrophotographic apparatus.
- one of the characteristics required for the transfer material conveyance belt and intermediate transfer belt is the stability of the peripheral speed. If the peripheral speed is not stable, toner images of different colors cannot be superimposed on the desired position on the transfer material or intermediate transfer belt on the transfer material conveyance belt, and color misregistration will occur. . There are several factors that can cause fluctuations in the peripheral speed, but the thickness of the electrophotographic belt itself is uneven thickness.
- the intermediate transfer belt is rotated once to transfer the next color. Therefore, the fluctuations in the peripheral speed caused by the uneven thickness of the intermediate transfer belt and the color shift caused by the fluctuations in the peripheral speed are canceled in principle. Therefore, the 4-pass color electrophotographic apparatus is more advantageous in suppressing color misregistration than the tandem color electrophotographic apparatus.
- color misregistration is not completely eliminated, and color misregistration that occurs due to fluctuations in peripheral speed may occur.
- the electrophotographic belts currently used in the market can be broadly classified into three types from the viewpoints of materials and manufacturing methods.
- the first is a so-called thermosetting resin belt in which a conductive agent or the like is added to a resin (precursor) before thermosetting, and then solidified by a curing reaction by heating.
- a typical example is a belt using a polyimide resin disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 00 1-0 6 4 3 89 (Patent Document 1).
- Thermosetting resin belts are often manufactured by a so-called centrifugal molding method in which a coating material that is a raw material for a belt is applied in a mold and the coating material is uniformly spread in the mold by centrifugal force. For this reason, the obtained belt is advantageous in that it has excellent thickness uniformity. Therefore, this type of belt is generally considered advantageous for color misregistration.
- thermosetting resin belts are not suitable for low-cost production because they take a long time to evaporate the thermosetting solvent. .
- the second is a so-called rubber belt made by adding a conductive agent to unvulcanized rubber and then polishing the vulcanized rubber.
- the rubber belt can be made into a belt having excellent durability by inserting a core such as fiber.
- the third is a so-called thermoplastic resin belt obtained by extruding a thermoplastic resin composition obtained by adding a conductive agent to a thermoplastic resin into a tube shape and cutting it into a predetermined length.
- Thermoplastic belts are most advantageous for cost reduction because they enable low-cost production by continuous extrusion.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of bringing a tube extruded from an annular die into contact with a temperature-controlled mandrel and blowing a temperature-controlled gas. ing. Since the tube extruded by this method is manufactured in contact with the mandrel, the minute protrusions on the inner peripheral surface are crushed and flattened, and the thickness unevenness is within ⁇ 5%.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a belt with a thickness variation of 5% or less can be obtained by changing the temperature of the annular die in the circumferential direction. It is stated that
- the thickness unevenness could not be reduced sufficiently.
- the present inventors speculate that this is because the annular die is usually made of metal. In other words, since metal has good heat conduction, when the temperature of the annular die is changed in the circumferential direction, heat is also transferred to the heated surroundings. As a result, since the circumferential temperature distribution in the annular die becomes a process, it is difficult to remove minute uneven thickness. Eventually, the resulting belt produced a large color shift.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-11 4 4 0 2 5 discloses that a thickness variation of ⁇ 5% can be obtained by blowing air having different amounts and pressures to a plurality of locations of the extruded tube. It is stated that the following belts can be obtained.
- the adjacent nozzle and the nozzle Since there was a gap between them, and the thickness correction effect could not be obtained in the gap, the thickness unevenness could not be reduced sufficiently. If the number of nozzles is increased, the gap will be reduced, but the amount of air per nozzle will decrease, so the thickness compensation effect will not be obtained in the gap between the nozzles, resulting in uneven thickness. could not be reduced sufficiently.
- the obtained belt produced a large color shift. Disclosure of the invention
- the conventional technology of reducing the thickness unevenness in the circumferential direction to within ⁇ % does not always result in a color misregistration that is small, and the few color misregistrations are small, and the belt is selected. Even then, there was a problem that color misregistration deteriorated due to repeated use.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic belt comprising a thermoplastic resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin.
- the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured values were measured.
- the difference is 2% or more and 20% or less of the arithmetic mean value
- t n (n l, 2 ⁇ 2 0) [ ⁇ m]
- the electronic center belt is characterized in that the center of gravity Z obtained by the above is 2.0 (/ im) or less.
- the present invention also provides an electrophotographic apparatus comprising the above electrophotographic belt, a driving roller for rotationally driving the electrophotographic belt, and a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members disposed around the electrophotographic belt. It is.
- an electrophotographic belt in which color misregistration is sufficiently suppressed from the beginning to after repeated use can be provided using a low-cost thermoplastic resin composition, and the electrophotographic belt can be provided.
- An electrophotographic apparatus having the same can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an electrophotographic apparatus having a transfer material conveying belt and a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing an electrophotographic apparatus having an intermediate transfer belt and a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a 4-pass electrophotographic apparatus having an intermediate transfer belt.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the thickness of the electrophotographic belt by 1 mm in the circumferential direction by a length corresponding to 5% of the inner circumferential length of the electrophotographic belt.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the circumferential thickness of the electrophotographic belt.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram when the wavelength of the uneven thickness is equal to half the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt.
- Fig. 7 shows the case where the wavelength of the uneven thickness is equal to 1/3 of the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a case where the thickness is changed around a specific position.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an inflation molding machine.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an air ring.
- Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the heater, heat sink, and insulator installed inside the air ring.
- Figure 12 shows how the heater is sandwiched between heat sinks.
- Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an electrophotographic belt thickness measuring machine.
- Figure 14 shows the image output pattern for color shift measurement.
- Fig. 15A is a diagram showing the observation direction when determining the average particle size of graphite before slicing.
- Fig. 15 B is a diagram showing the observation direction when calculating the average particle size of graphite after slicing.
- the present inventors have found that even if the thickness unevenness of the electrophotographic belt is simply reduced, a sufficient suppression effect against color misregistration cannot be obtained. I understood. In other words, even when an electrophotographic belt having a small color misregistration was selected at the initial stage of use, the color misregistration sometimes deteriorated when this belt was repeatedly used. On the contrary, it was found that there are some electrophotographic belts that have a large color shift at the beginning of use, or that do not deteriorate even further when used repeatedly.
- the inventors of the present invention have described the strip-shaped portion 10 2 having an arc length of 5% of the inner circumferential length of the electrophotographic belt 10 1.
- the relationship between the measured value when the thickness was measured and the color shift was examined.
- the film thickness of the strip-like portion 102 having an arc length of 5% of the inner circumference length was measured at three locations in the axial direction (see Fig. 13), and 5% of the inner circumference length was The belt circumference is 18 °, which corresponds to 20 °, which is a measurement range (position is arbitrary) of film thickness unevenness in a short period.
- the present inventors have effectively improved the color misregistration due to repeated use when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value is 2% or more, preferably 3% or more of the arithmetic average value. I found that it can be suppressed.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value needs to be 20% or less of the arithmetic average value, and preferably 15% or less.
- the electrophotographic vector of the present invention Noreto has a short period variation in thickness in the range of 2-20%. Further, a more preferable range of the unevenness of the short cycle of the thickness is 3 to 15%.
- the thickness is measured by a length corresponding to 5% of the inner peripheral length of the electrophotographic belt in order to define the short cycle unevenness of the thickness.
- the technical reasons are as follows. That is, the winding amount (length) of the electrophotographic belt around the driving roller for rotating the electrophotographic belt is usually around 5% (about 3 to 7%) of the inner circumferential length of the electrophotographic belt. Therefore, if the measured length of the thickness is 5% of the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt, the unevenness of the thickness of the electrophotographic belt at the portion where the electrophotographic bell is attached to the drive roller will be described. Can be expressed almost. Next, a technique for reducing the initial color misregistration will be described.
- the short-period unevenness in the thickness of the electrophotographic belt does not significantly affect the initial color shift, and the long-period unevenness in the thickness of the electrophotographic belt is the initial color. It was found that the deviation was greatly affected. Therefore, the present inventors conducted a detailed study on the unevenness of the long period of the thickness, and introduced the value Z defined by the above equation (1) as one parameter for defining the unevenness of the long period of the thickness. did. Here, the technical meaning of Z will be described.
- the measurement is performed while rotating the electrophotographic belt in one direction. If the thickness of the measurement the measurement position) of the constant starting position is 0 °, the measurement position, 0 °, the measurement position of 18 ° (t 2), measuring the position of 36 ° (t 3), ' ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 342 ° so on (measurement position t 20), so that the thickness ⁇ is measured every 18 °.
- n is an integer of 1 to 20.
- Cartesian coordinates Cartesian coordinates
- the Cartesian coordinate is a coordinate with the X axis in the horizontal direction and the Y axis in the vertical direction. The origin point is the intersection of the X and Y axes.
- the X component (tx n ) of each t n in XY Cartesian coordinates is expressed as t solicitXcos (l8X (nl) °), and the Y component (ty n ) of each t n is t n Xsin (18X (n_l) °) (where n is an integer from 1 to 20).
- each tx n (where n is an integer from! To 20)
- the total sum of each ty n (where n is an integer from 1 to 20) is Y
- the value of Z obtained by Equation (1) is ,
- each t n is plotted in XY Cartesian coordinates, it corresponds to the distance between the center of gravity of a closed plane formed by connecting 20 adjacent points (t n ) with a straight line and the origin 0 of the XY Cartesian coordinates .
- the value of Z defined by the equation (1) is regarded as a parameter expressing the thickness deviation (thickness deviation) of the electrophotographic belt, that is, the long cycle irregularity of the thickness. ing.
- the waveform of the pie chart is that each t n (where n is an integer from 1 to 20) is plotted on the circle coordinates, and 20 adjacent points (t n ) are straight lines.
- This is the outline of a closed plane made by tying (see Figure 5).
- Figs. 5 to 8 after plotting each t n in circular coordinates, the coordinate system is replaced from circular coordinates to XY orthogonal coordinates.
- the center of gravity Z is not affected by uneven thickness as shown in Fig. 6 when the wave force is expressed by a sin wave having a wavelength of 1Z2 that is the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt. Equal to the origin of If the waveform is represented by a sine wave with an inner circumference of 1 to 3 of the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt, it will not be point-symmetric with the origin as the center of symmetry, which will affect the center of gravity Z. The effect is negligible, and the center of gravity Z is almost equal to the origin (see Fig. 7). Similarly, in the case of a sine wave having a length of l Zm (m is an integer of 2 or more) of the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt, it can be seen that the center of gravity Z is equal (almost equal) to the origin.
- the waveform of this pie chart is not a point symmetry with the origin as the center of symmetry, so strictly speaking, the wavelength of the inner circumference l zm of the electrophotographic belt is The sin wave possessed has a slight effect on the value of the center of gravity Z, as much as the symmetry is lost, and the effect on the center of gravity Z due to the loss of symmetry increases as the number of measurement points increases.
- the present inventors first determined that if n is 16 or more, the value of the center of gravity Z and the initial color It was found that there was a close relationship with the gap. Based on this result, the present inventors set the number of measurement points to 20. This is because the number 2 0 has the following technical meaning in addition to the reason that the number is 16 or more.
- a sin wave having a wavelength equal to the inner peripheral length of the electrophotographic belt affects the center of gravity Z.
- the center of gravity Z is also affected when the thickness has changed by a specific position (see Fig. 8, for example).
- a specific position see Fig. 8, for example.
- an electrophotographic belt is manufactured by extrusion molding, there is a minute non-uniformity in the gap of the die lip due to the distortion of the annular die (low roundness), and the thickness is only at a specific position. The situation is likely to change.
- the center of gravity Z is 2.0 or less, preferably 1.5 ⁇ or less.
- the lower limit of ⁇ ⁇ is about 0. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . .
- the electrophotographic belt of the present invention is an electrophotographic belt made of a thermoplastic resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin.
- the content of the thermoplastic resin in the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition.
- thermoplastic resins polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and cycloaliphatic polyester resins are used from the two viewpoints of durability of electrophotographic belts and easy acquisition of unevenness in the short cycle of thickness.
- alicyclic polyester resin include polycyclohexylene 'dimethylene' terephthalate.
- polyamide and polyvinylidene fluoride are more preferable.
- polyamides aliphatic polyamides such as Polyamide 11, Polyamide 12, Polyamide 6—10, Polyamide 6—12 are preferred.
- Aliphatic polyamides have a lower water absorption rate compared to polyamide 6 and so on, so it is possible to reduce fluctuations in the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt due to the environment (fluctuations in high-temperature, high-humidity environments and low-temperature, low-humidity environments). it can. If fluctuations in the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt due to the environment are small, changes in the tension of the electrophotographic belt due to the environment are reduced, and a stable tension can be obtained. In particular, when the electrophotographic belt becomes longer and the tension decreases in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the electrophotographic belt and the driving roller slip and color misalignment is likely to occur.
- Polyamide may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resin one type
- copper iodide potassium iodide is used as the thermoplastic resin composition. It is preferable to contain 0.01 to 1% by mass with respect to the total mass.
- polyvinylidene fluoride resin As with polyamide, a particularly preferred resin is polyvinylidene fluoride resin.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is a homopolymer of 7-polyvinylidene, and vinylidene fluoride and a comonomer.
- the comonomer used for copolymerization include hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, and the content of the comonomer is about 5 to 15 mol%.
- a homopolymer having a high tensile elastic modulus is less susceptible to minute peripheral speed irregularities during belt driving, and is more advantageous for color shift than a copolymer.
- poly (vinylidene fluoride) resin there are a head-to-head bond and a head-to-T. Ai 1 bond. There are many cases where power is mixed. Their ratio does not affect the effect of the present invention.
- Polyvinyl fluoride Den resin also has a low water absorption rate, so fluctuations in the inner circumference of the electrophotographic belt due to the environment can be reduced, and a stable tension can be obtained regardless of the environment in which the electrophotographic belt is used. As a result, it is possible to prevent color misregistration from occurring due to slippage between the electrophotographic belt and the driving roller due to the increase in the circumference of the electrophotographic belt in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the size of graphite of 1 to 20 ⁇ is a size that can easily contribute to the formation of irregularities (short-period irregularities) on the surface of an electrophotographic belt. '
- the equivalent area diameter of graphite is obtained as follows. First, as shown in Fig. 15-5, slice the electrophotographic benolet on a plane parallel to the belt surface. The slicing surface shall be the center position with respect to the thickness direction of the belt. Observe the sliced surface directly above with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Fig. 15 B). The observation magnification is a magnification at which about 50 to 100 graphite particles are observed in the observation field of the scanning electron microscope. From the observed field of view, randomly select 30 graphite particles. Obtain the observation area (area when observed with a scanning electron microscope) of the 30 selected graphite particles. Next, calculate the arithmetic average of the 30 observation areas. Finally, the diameter of a circle having the same area as the arithmetic average value is calculated, and this is used as the arithmetic average value of the area equivalent diameter of graphite.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the added mass of graphite is preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition. If the amount of graphite added is less than 1% by mass, the effect of adding graphite 2005/018061
- the electrophotographic belt tends to be brittle.
- polysulfide sulfides a crosslinked type and a linear type, both of which can be used in the present invention. From the viewpoint of improving the durability of an electrophotographic belt, a linear type polyphenylene sulfide is used. Two-lens sulfide is preferred.
- polyphenylene sulfide when polyphenylene sulfide is used, it is preferably used in combination with polyamide.
- Polyphenylene sulfide has a higher melting point and a different melt viscosity than polyamide. Therefore, when polyamide and polyphenylene sulfide are used in combination in the production of an electrophotographic belt, in order to more evenly mix the polyamide and polyphenylene sulfide, It is preferable to use those.
- the particle size of the granular polysulfide is preferably smaller than the thickness of the electrophotographic belt to be produced. If the mixing of the polyamide and the polyester sulfide is uniform, the durability is not easily lowered due to the non-uniform mixing.
- Polycyclohexylene 'dimethylene' terephthalate is generally obtained by reacting terephthalic acid as an acid component with hexanedimethanol as an alcohol component.
- terephthalic acid as an acid component
- hexanedimethanol as an alcohol component.
- a resin synthesized by replacing a part of terephthalic acid 'with isophthalic acid is used, a tougher electrophotographic belt can be obtained.
- a tougher electrophotographic belt can be obtained by adding an olefin resin containing a glycidyl group or an olefin resin containing any anhydride such as maleic anhydride to the thermoplastic resin composition.
- polyamide polyphenylene sulfide
- polyvinylidene fluoride polyvinylidene fluoride
- alicyclic polyester resin four types of polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and alicyclic polyester resin can be mixed and used. This In this case, the total of these components is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition.
- thermoplastic resin composition for an electrophotographic belt of the present invention includes not only polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride and alicyclic polyester resin, but also other thermoplastic resins and thermal resins.
- a curable resin can also be used.
- thermoplastic resins other than polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride and cycloaliphatic polyester resins include the following resins. -Polyolefin, ethylene monobutyl alcohol copolymer, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, ABS resin, polyacetal, methacrylic resin, modified polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, thermoplastic polyimide, poly Ether 'Etherketone, Aliphatic polyketone, Polymethylpentene, Fluoropolymer (, Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, Fluoropolymer-propylene copolymer, 4 Such as fluorinated ethylene), liquid crystal polymer, etc.
- glycidyl methacrylate and / or maleic anhydride and a copolymer of Z or ethyl acrylate and ethylene, which are one kind of polyolefin, are particularly preferable.
- the copolymer has a high toughness due to the unit derived from ethylene, and has a good affinity with the polyamide / polyphenylene sulfide / alicyclic polyester resin. Effectively improves the durability of the electrophotographic belt.
- the content of the copolymer is 1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition. It is preferable. If the content is too small, the durability improvement effect However, if the amount is too large, the durability decreases. The reason why the durability is lowered when the content of the copolymer is too large is not clear. If the polyamide is used only when polyphenylene sulfide is used in the case of poly (vinylidene fluoride) cycloaliphatic polyester resin, the relative content of these will be reduced, and the effect of improving the durability will be reduced. The present inventors think that it may be small.
- a low resistance resin containing a polyether unit such as polyetheresteramide or polyetheresteramide may be added to the thermoplastic resin composition for an electrophotographic belt of the present invention.
- the low-resistance resin means a resin having a volume resistivity of 10 0 1 (3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- thermoplastic resin composition for an electrophotographic belt of the present invention includes perfluorocarbon.
- thermoplastic resin composition for an electrophotographic belt of the present invention contains i 0 to 40% by mass of inorganic powder with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition, whereby the above-mentioned. It becomes easy to form unevenness of a short period of thickness. The present inventors consider the reason as follows.
- melt viscosity of the entire thermoplastic resin composition is increased, melt fracture is likely to occur during the production of an electrophotographic belt, and unevenness of the above-mentioned thickness is likely to occur.
- a preferable content of the organic powder is 12 to 30% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition, and a more preferable content is 13 to 2 with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition. 6% by mass.
- silica As the inorganic powder other than carbon black, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, talc, and Myopy silica are preferable, and silica is more preferable.
- silica it is particularly preferable that silica obtained by a dry process is treated with dimethyldichlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, octylsilane, or dimethylsilicone oil.
- the content of carbon black in the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably 5 to 15 mass%, more preferably 6 to 14 mass%, based on the total mass of the plastic resin composition.
- thermoplastic resin composition 1-35 mass% is preferable with respect to the total mass of a thermoplastic resin composition, and, as for content of inorganic powder other than carbon black in a thermoplastic resin composition, 2-25 mass% is more preferable.
- the total amount is 10 to 40 with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composition as described above. It is preferable to make it mass%.
- tube means a cylindrical shaped product, and the thickness is not particularly limited.
- thermoplastic resin composition is obtained by blending a thermoplastic resin with a conductive agent, and a tube of the thermoplastic resin composition is formed by extruding the thermoplastic resin composition from an annular die. At this time, it is preferable to pull the tube in the pushing direction without bringing a mandrel or the like into contact with the inner peripheral surface or outer peripheral surface of the tube extruded from the annular die. This is because the surface of the tube immediately after being extruded from the annular die has streaks parallel to the extrusion direction due to the influence of minute melt fractures and minute scratches on the annular die. This can be utilized as the short-period unevenness of the thickness described above.
- the streak may be crushed due to contact with the mandrel or the like, or the protruding portion of the streak may be rubbed to reduce the height It becomes. As a result, the lines that existed immediately after extrusion are smoothed.
- the thinner Since the cup before solidification is stretched by pulling and becomes thin, the slower the solidification, the thinner. On the other hand, the portion sprayed with the low-temperature gas is solidified relatively quickly and is not stretched very much. As a result, the thick part is thinner and the thin part is not too thin, and the uneven thickness can be reduced.
- the temperature difference between the hottest gas and the coldest gas is preferably 5 to 100 ° C ′. If the temperature difference is less than 5 ° C, the effect of removing uneven thickness will be poor. If the tube thickness is so large that the temperature difference must be greater than 100 ° C, it will be difficult to pull the tube straight up.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an air ring.
- a heat insulating member may be provided between adjacent heaters. Without a heat insulation member, the heat of adjacent heaters interferes and the effect of individual control is reduced.
- the gas flow path (air channel) inside the air ring is divided in the circumferential direction. It is better not to. It is preferable that the distance from the heater to the outlet is from 100 to 60 O mm. If it is closer than 10 O mm, the non-uniformity of the gas flow due to the heater shape is not alleviated, which causes uneven thickness. If it is farther than 60 mm, the wind flowing through the adjacent heaters will mix, and the temperature difference between the winds will disappear, so the effect of reducing uneven thickness will be poor. It is preferable that the heat capacity is small because the temperature control response of the gas is improved.
- the upper limit of the preferred range of heat capacity of the heat sink depends on the output of the heater.
- the heat capacity of the heat sink attached to it [J ZK] is, 0. 5 0 W H is preferably [J ZK] or less, 0. 1 5 W H [ J / K It is more preferable that
- the lower limit of the preferred range of the heat capacity [j ⁇ ] of the heat sink is determined from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the heat sink. Because, in general, the smaller the heat capacity of the heat sink, the thinner the heat sink and the lower the mechanical strength. Specifically, the heat capacity [J / K] of the heat sink is preferably 2 [J / K] or more, and more preferably 3 [J / K] or more.
- the heat capacity of the heat sink is preferably in the range of 2 to 100 [J / K], and the range of 3 to 30 [J / K] is More preferred.
- the heat capacity of the heat sink is preferably in the range of 2 to 50 [J / K], and more preferably in the range of 3 to 15 [J / K] ⁇ .
- the number of heaters is preferably at least 20 which is the same as the number of measurement points when measuring unevenness of the long period of thickness. Increasing the number of heaters to 20 or more and making finer adjustments is more preferable. However, if the number of heaters is increased too much, adjacent heaters will easily interfere with each other. About 100.
- a belt having a small thickness unevenness is produced by a known production method such as centrifugal molding.
- This is belt 1.
- tube 2 is prepared in advance by extrusion from a circular die (known extrusion molding). This is tube 2.
- the surface of the tube 2 has streaks parallel to the extrusion direction.
- the tube 2 may have a large center Z (for example, greater than 1.5 ⁇ , greater than 2.).
- Materials for tube 2 include tetrafluoroethylene monoperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene monohexafluoroethylene propylene copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene ethylene copolymer. Polymers are preferred.
- the belt 1 is covered with a tube 2 sealed at both ends, and a metal tube is further covered thereon, and then air is introduced into the tube 2 to expand the tube 2.
- the metallic tube is heated.
- the heating temperature is preferably in the range of Tm—10 to Tm + 40, where T m [° C.] is the melting point of the thermoplastic resin composition for belt 1.
- the belt 1 is a belt with little unevenness in the long period of thickness, and the stripes of the tube 2 are transferred to the belt 1 so that unevenness in the short period of thickness is also given.
- the electrophotographic belt of the present invention can also be obtained.
- the volume resistivity of the electrophotographic belt of the present invention is 10 8 to 10 1 3 [ ⁇ ⁇ c m].
- the volume resistivity is preferably in the range of 10 9 to 10 13 [ ⁇ ⁇ cm].
- an electrophotographic belt having a volume resistivity that is too small When an electrophotographic belt having a volume resistivity that is too small is used as a transfer material conveyance belt, the ability to reliably adsorb the transfer material and convey the transfer material at a constant speed, particularly in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, reduces color misregistration. Is likely to occur. On the other hand, if an electrophotographic belt with too large volume resistivity is used as a transfer material transport belt, the transfer current becomes difficult to flow, and a higher transfer voltage is required, so abnormal discharge during transfer is likely to occur. And image defects are likely to occur.
- the volume resistivity is preferably in the range of 10 8 to 10 12 [ ⁇ ⁇ cm].
- a punch-through image an image in which a portion having a low density is generated
- the toner on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is directly transferred (primary transfer) onto the electrophotographic belt, which is an intermediate transfer belt, not a transfer material.
- the volume resistivity of the electrophotographic belt is too low, the substantial voltage applied to the transfer nip increases, abnormal discharge occurs, and primary transfer becomes difficult to complete.
- the transfer current becomes difficult to flow and a higher transfer voltage is required, so that abnormal discharge during transfer is likely to occur. And image defects are likely to occur.
- the thickness of the electrophotographic belt was measured as follows. ⁇ Measuring machine>
- a measuring machine in which three thickness gauges are installed at positions separated from each other by 10 O mm, and the thickness of the electrophotographic belt can be measured at three locations simultaneously.
- Outline of measuring machine The schematic configuration is shown in Fig.13. In FIG. 13, 3 0 1 is gauge 1, 3 0 2 is gauge 2, and 3 0 3 is gauge 3.
- the thickness gauge has a repeated measurement accuracy of 1 / m or less.
- Linya gauge LBG 2-0 1 0 5 L manufactured by Mitutoyo
- the shape of the tip of the probe was a shape having a part of a spherical surface with a diameter of 5 mm.
- the measuring machine with the configuration shown in Fig. 1-3 intermittently feeds the stretched electrophotographic belt by an arbitrary distance by rotating the roller for stretching the electronic photographic belt by an arbitrary angle intermittently. It has a mechanism that can.
- the arithmetic mean value ⁇ of these measured values, the calculation of the center of gravity Z, and the thickness of the electrophotographic belt are measured. Used to calculate short cycle irregularity.
- the volume resistivity of the electrophotographic belt was measured as follows.
- Sample box Sample box for measurement of ultrahigh resistance meter TR 4 2 (manufactured by adopantest)
- the metal used for the main electrode is 22 mm in diameter and 10 mm in thickness, and the guard ring electrode has an inner diameter of 41 mm.
- a metal having an outer diameter of 49 mm and a thickness of 10 mm was used.
- a circular specimen having a diameter of 56 mm was cut out from the electrophotographic belt to be measured.
- a vapor deposition film electrode was provided by performing Pt—Pd vapor deposition on the entire surface.
- a main electrode film with a diameter of 25 mm and a guard ring electrode film with an inner diameter of 38 mm and an outer diameter of 50 mm are concentrically provided by the same Pt—Pd vapor deposition film. It was.
- the Pt—Pd vapor-deposited film was obtained by using a mild sputtering E1030 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) and performing a vapor deposition operation for 2 minutes at a current value of 15 mA.
- Measurement mode Program mode 5
- the diameter of the driving roller for rotationally driving the electrophotographic belt of the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 3 O mm, more preferably in the range of 12 to 28 mm. As the diameter of the driving roller increases, the electrophotographic apparatus tends to increase in size. On the other hand, the smaller the diameter of the driving roller, the smaller the amount of electrophotographic belt wound around the driving roller. If the amount of winding of the electrophotographic belt around the driving roller 1 is small, the back surface of the electrophotographic belt and the surface of the driving roller will slip and cause color misalignment due to repeated use.
- a rubber layer having a thickness of 0.05 to 5 mm on the surface of the driving roller.
- the wedge effect due to short-period unevenness of the thickness of the electrophotographic belt is increased, and the deterioration of color misregistration due to repeated use is effectively reduced.
- the rubber layer is too thin, the effect of increasing the wedge effect becomes poor.
- the rubber layer is too thick, the amount of change in the diameter of the drive roller due to the thermal expansion of the rubber becomes large. As a result, the rotation speed of the electrophotographic belt changes, and color misregistration easily occurs.
- the average thickness (average thickness) of the electrophotographic belt of the present invention is preferably in the range of 70 to 150 jum, and more preferably in the range of 80 to 120 zm. If the average thickness is too thin, the mechanical strength of the electrophotographic belt will be insufficient, and it will break easily during repeated use. On the other hand, if the average thickness is too thick, the electrophotographic belt becomes stiff and smooth rotation drive becomes difficult.
- part means “mass part”.
- pellet Using a twin screw extruder, a pellet-like thermoplastic resin composition (hereinafter also referred to as “pellet”) having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- the air ring 200 inside the air ring 200, 200 heaters (cartridge heater 201) per unit (20) are installed on a pitch circle with a diameter of 700 mm (each The heaters are equally spaced).
- a pair of heat sinks 204 (copper plates) were attached to each heater so as to sandwich each heater (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).
- a ceramic rod (insulator 2 0 2) is sandwiched between adjacent heat sinks, and serves as a heat insulating material between the heat sinks and fills the gaps between the heat sinks.
- the gap tends to deteriorate the uniformity of the air volume at the air ring outlet and the unevenness of the long period of thickness.
- the inside of the air ring is not partitioned in the circumferential direction.
- the flow rate in the circumferential direction is made uniform inside, and it comes out from the ejection port 20 3 in FIG. Since the interior of the air ring is not partitioned, the gas flow rate at the air ring outlet 20 3 is equal (uniform) at any position.
- An air ring that is not partitioned inside is advantageous in order to obtain a belt with less color misregistration, that is, a belt with a low Z.
- the height of the stabilizer plate 170 was adjusted such that the lower end thereof touches the tube after the extruded tube has solidified.
- the stabilizer 1 70 is brought into contact with the tube before it solidifies, the minute irregularities of the tube are reduced by the stabilizer, and the short-period unevenness of the thickness is reduced, while the portion in contact with the stabilizer is The thickness of the part that is not in contact will be different, and the unevenness of the long period of thickness will be worsened.
- the die lip of the annular die has an outer diameter of 10 O mm and an inner diameter of 98.4 mm.
- the molten pellets were extruded from the die lip into a ring (tube shape), and air was introduced into the tube to expand the tube diameter to 15 3 mm in the drawing process.
- the ratio between the tube diameter in the solidified state and the outer diameter of the die lip is the blow ratio.
- the blow ratio is 1.5 3.
- the blow ratio is 1.2 or more, the tube is sufficiently stretched in the circumferential direction, so that a durable electrophotographic belt excellent in circumferential strength can be obtained.
- the professional ratio is preferably 3.5 or less.
- the tube take-up speed by the pinch roll 180 is preferably 3 to 2 O m / min, and more preferably 5 to 15 mZm in. In this embodiment, it was 9 m / min. If the take-up speed is too slow, the tube diameter will not be stable and inflation will become unstable. If the take-up speed is too high, melt fracture tends to occur, and the short-cycle unevenness of the thickness tends to exceed 20%.
- 1 0 0 is a single screw extruder
- 1 1 0 is a hopper
- 1 4 0 is a die
- 1 5 0 is an air intake / exhaust passage for adjusting the tube diameter
- 1 90 is a cutter
- T is a force It is a tube in a folded state after being cut by a utter 1 90.
- inflation molding was started with 20 heaters all turned off.
- the blower output (not shown) connected to the air supply port 210 so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is about 5 mm, that is, the flow rate and flow velocity of air blown from the air ring outlet. Adjusted.
- the temperature of the intake air is not controlled.
- the flow rate and flow rate of the air blown from the air ring outlet can be adjusted so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 1 to 3 O mm, preferably 2 to 2 O mm. preferable. If it is closer than 1 mm, the tube tends to come into contact with the spout, making it difficult to take it out stably.
- the air is blown out from the air ring outlet so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet 203 is 12 mm.
- the amount and flow rate were adjusted. Note that the distance between the tube and the air ring outlet 203 in FIG. 10 refers to a part of a conical surface formed from the lower end ( ⁇ 130) to the upper end ( ⁇ 150) of the outlet, and the tube Say the shortest distance to the surface.
- the state of the heater OFF corresponds to the case of molding using a normal air ring, and the tube obtained at this time is referred to as tube A.
- the thickness of tube A was measured at 20 locations in the circumferential direction so that the position of the 20 heaters corresponded to the measurement position of the thickness of tube A.
- the thickness is measured at three locations in the axial direction using a measuring device as shown in Fig. 13 and corresponds to three measured values (gauge 1 to gauge 3). Was the thickness at the measurement position. Table 3 shows the measurement results.
- the thickness of the tube A in the circumferential direction is 96.0 to 104.9 m, and is within 10 0 ⁇ ⁇ 5% or less.
- the center of gravity was 2.17 ⁇ m.
- the heater output was cycle controlled with 5 seconds as one cycle, that is, the output was 1%, and the heater was energized for 0.05 seconds within one cycle.
- cycle control it is preferable to set the cycle period to 30 seconds or less. If it is longer than 30 seconds, the degree of change in thickness will increase because the degree to which the temperature of the wind changes in conjunction with the heater ON / OFF will increase. Although there is no lower limit for the period, it is practically 0.1 second or more.
- the method of controlling the input power to the heater is not limited to this, and other control methods such as a position control method may be used.
- Heater control is started from the heater OF F state so that the heater output shown in Table 4 is reached, and the tube obtained after 5 minutes from the start of control is referred to as tube B.
- Table 5 shows the results of measuring the thickness of tube B.
- the temperature of the wind at 20 locations in the circumferential direction was measured by holding a thermocouple with a wire diameter of 50 ⁇ over the air ring outlet, and it was 28 ° C at the lowest temperature and 45 ° C at the highest. Met. In other words, the temperature difference of the wind was 17 ° C.
- the short cycle unevenness of the thickness of the tube B was measured. Again, in order to reduce the effect of measurement error, three points were measured in the axial direction and the average value was used. The results are shown in Table 6. The irregularity of the short period of the thickness was 2.8%.
- the tube B was cut to a predetermined width, and a meandering prevention guide was attached to obtain the electrophotographic belt of the present invention. The inner circumference of the obtained electrophotographic belt was 48 Omm.
- the obtained electrophotographic belt was incorporated in the electrophotographic apparatus (color electrophotographic apparatus) having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the outer diameter of the driving roller 21 is 22 mm, and a rubber layer having a thickness of 1 mm is provided on the surface thereof.
- the rotation axes of adjacent drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive members (hereinafter also referred to as “photosensitive drums”) are separated from each other by 45 mm.
- 1 Y, 1 1 ⁇ , 1 1 C, 1 1 B K are photosensitive drums, respectively, and are driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed (process speed ') in the direction of the arrow.
- the first color component image ′ for example, a yellow color component image
- the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 Y is uniformly charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by the primary charger 2 during the rotation process, and then receives image exposure 3 by an image exposure means (not shown). In this way, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the first color component image of the color image (in this example, the yellow color component image) is formed.
- the electrostatic latent image is developed into a yellow component image by the first developing device (yellow color developing device 4 1).
- a first color (yellow) toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1 Y.
- toner images of the second to fourth colors are also formed on the photosensitive drums 11M, 11C, and 11BK at a predetermined timing.
- the transfer material conveying belt 24 has the same peripheral speed as the photosensitive drums 1 Y, 1 1, 1 1 C, 1 1 BK in the direction of the arrow or a predetermined peripheral speed difference (in many cases).
- the transfer material transport belt is driven to rotate at a peripheral speed that is faster than the photosensitive drum.
- the transfer material P is fed from the paper feed roller 1 1 to the transfer material conveyance belt 24, and the transfer material P is adsorbed to the transfer material conveyance belt 24, and the transfer material conveyance belt 24 rotates. As a result, the transfer material P is conveyed.
- the force required to transport the transfer material P upward against the gravity increases the adsorption force of the transfer material P to the transfer material conveying belt 24. Does not have special means for. -For this reason, in the apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the adsorption of the transfer material P to the transfer material transport belt 24 tends to become unstable and color misalignment is likely to occur. Can be suitably used for such an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the transfer roller 2 through the bias power source 2 8 A transfer bias is applied to 2.
- the toner image on the photosensitive drum is transferred to the transfer material P. That is, the transfer material P in the order of the yellow toner image as the first color component, the magenta toner image as the second color component, the cyan toner image as the third color component, and the black toner image as the fourth color component.
- the layers are sequentially transferred onto the top.
- the transfer bias at this time is, for example, about 1 to 3 kV. In this example, the transfer bias was set to +1 0 0 0 [V] (+1 [kV]).
- the transfer material transport belt 24 was cleaned by applying a bias having the same polarity as the toner to the transfer roller 22 so that the toner on the transfer material transport belt 24 is returned to the photosensitive drum.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1—Y ⁇ l 1 BK has a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ , and the potential (V d) before image exposure is ⁇ 700 [V], and after image exposure.
- the primary charging opto-exposure was performed so that the potential (VI) was -15 0 [V].
- 10 is a paper guide
- 13 is a cleaning member for a photosensitive drum
- 15 is a fixing device
- 26 is a tension roller.
- the rotation speed of the transfer material conveying belt 24 was 50 mm / s.
- Figure 14 shows the image output pattern for 33 color misalignment measurement.
- each line of the image output pattern for color misregistration measurement the absolute value of how much the other three color horizontal lines are shifted in the vertical direction with respect to the black horizontal line was measured.
- the maximum value measured in each row was defined as the amount of color misregistration [ ⁇ ] in the page.
- the image output environment was 23 ⁇ 2 ° C and 50 ⁇ 10% RH.
- the amount of color misregistration is shown by the following criteria.
- Example 1 A 30 B 39 H 1 J 10 L 20 5X10 10 Example 2 C 35 D 55 K 5 L 5 1X10 12 Example 3 A 60 J 15 L 25 3X 10 8 Example 4 C 60 ⁇ 5 L 35 5X 10 lz Example 5 A 10 B 76 H 4 ⁇ 6 N 4 9X10 11 Example example 6 a 50 B 34 ⁇ 14 M 2 1X10 » example 7 F 60 B 22 I 1 ⁇ 10 L 7 2X10 10 same embodiment as in example 8 G 75 I 10 ⁇ 10 L 5 9X10 10 example 9 example 1 10 Same as Example 1 Example 11 Same as Example 1 Example 12 P 90 J 7 L 3 9X10 "
- Zinc oxide Zinc oxide 1 type, average particle size 0.6 xm, manufactured by Sakai Chemical
- M Talc (Microace P-3, average particle size, 5.1 ⁇ , manufactured by Nihon Talc)
- ⁇ Surface of silica by dry method Dimethyl silicone oil treated (Aerosil RY 200 Nippon Aerosil average particle size 12 nm)
- Example 1 0.74 2.8 AA A Good Example 2 0.33 2.0 AA B Good Example 3 1.50 20.0 AA Somewhat uneven density (practical range)
- Example 4 1.99 15.1 BB Good
- Example 5 0.51 2.3 AA B Good
- Example 6 0.49 5.0 AA AA Good
- Example 7 0.01 6.1 AA AA Good
- Example 8 0.05 4.1 AA AA Good
- Example 9 0.20 3.5 AA AA Good
- Example 10 1.00 2.6 AA AA Good
- Example 11 Same as Example 1 AA A Good Example 12 0.10 2.8 AA A Good Example 13 0.10 3.5 AA AA Good Comparative Example 1 2.17 2.7 CC Good Comparative Example 2 0.55 24 AA Concentration unevenness from the beginning (unusable) Table 3
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 8 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF. Started to control. At 5 minutes after the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 28 ° C, the maximum was 50 ° C, and the temperature difference was 2 2. ° C. An electrophotographic belt (transfer material transport belt) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the tube after 5 minutes from the start of the heater control, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. Tables 7 and 8 show the thickness measurement results, and Table 2 shows the color shift evaluation results.
- composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 15 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF.
- the heater control was started. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the wind temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 27 ° C, the maximum was 32 ° C, and the temperature difference was 5. there were.
- An electrophotographic belt transfer material transport belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using a tube that had passed 5 minutes after the start of heater control, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The thickness measurement results are shown in Table 9 and Table 10, and the color shift evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the unevenness of the short period of the thickness was as large as 20.0%. This is probably because the amount of inorganic powder is as large as 40% by mass. The value of the center of gravity Z was 1.50. For this reason, the color misregistration was small even at the initial stage and after the endurance of 100000 sheets.
- composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 1 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF. Started to control. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 30 ° C, the maximum was 96 ° C, and the temperature difference was 6 ° C. 6 ° C.
- An electrophotographic belt transfer material transport belt
- Tables 11 and 12 show the thickness measurement results, and Table 2 shows the results of color shift evaluation.
- the value of the center of gravity Z was 1.99 / xm.
- the initial color misregistration was larger than the other examples, but was within the practical range.
- the unevenness of the short cycle of the thickness was as large as 15.1%, so that the color misregistration did not deteriorate even after the endurance of 100000 sheets.
- the reason why the irregularity of the short cycle of the thickness is large is thought to be due to the large amount of inorganic powder of 40% by mass.
- composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 2 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF. Started to control. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 26 ° C, the maximum was 56 ° C, and the temperature difference was 3 It was 0 ° C. An electrophotographic belt (transfer material transport belt) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using a tube that had passed 5 minutes after the start of heater control, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The thickness measurement results are shown in Tables 13 and 14, and the color shift evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the value of the center of gravity Z was 0.5 1 ⁇ .
- the initial color misregistration was small, but the irregularity of the short cycle of thickness was as small as 2.3%, so the color misregistration after durability was slightly worse. However, it is still at a practical level after 100.000 sheets.
- composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 30 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF.
- the heater control was started. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 29 ° C, the maximum was 56 ° C, and the temperature difference was 27 ° C. C.
- An electrophotographic belt transfer material conveying belt
- Tables 15 and 16 show the thickness measurement results, and Table 2 shows the color shift evaluation results.
- the value of the center of gravity Z was 0.49 ⁇ .
- the color shift was small both at the beginning and after endurance.
- Example 1 The composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was inflation molded in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air volume) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 2 O mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF.
- the heater control was started. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 35 ° C, the maximum was 120 ° C, and the temperature difference was 85 ° C. ° C.
- An electrophotographic belt transfer material conveying belt
- the value of the center of gravity Z was 0.0 1 ⁇ m.
- the color shift was small both at the beginning and after endurance.
- Example 59 The composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was inflation molded in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output (air flow) is determined so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 8 mm, and the heater output is determined based on the thickness data when the heater is OFF. Started to control. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same manner as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 29 ° C, the maximum was 69 ° C, and the temperature difference was 4 It was 0 ° C.
- An electrophotographic belt transfer material transport belt
- Tables 19 and 20 show the thickness measurement results, and Table 2 shows the color shift evaluation results.
- the value of the center of gravity Z was 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the color shift was small both at the beginning and after endurance.
- Example 1 Using pellets having the same composition as in Example 1, a tube was molded using an inflation molding machine shown in FIG.
- the heater carrier heater
- the heater provided inside the air ring is 2 00 [W] per one
- each heater was provided with a copper plate heat sink and a ceramic insulator.
- the heat capacity per heat sink is 3 [J / K] o
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the inflation molding was started with all the heaters set to OFF, the output of each heater was determined based on the thickness measurement result, and the heater control was started. In this example, since there are 60 heaters, the thickness was measured at 60 locations in the circumferential direction, and the gain was determined in the same manner as in Example 1 to determine the output of each heater. .
- the heater control is the same cycle control as in Example 1, but one cycle was set to 1 second.
- the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet was 3 mm, and the take-off speed was 15 m / min.
- the tube diameter was set to 17.5 mm, and the blow ratio was set to 1.'97.5. Otherwise, an electrophotographic belt (transfer material conveying belt) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the inner circumference of the transfer material conveyance belt obtained from the tube after 5 minutes from the start of the heater control was 6 20 mm. '
- the thickness was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 at a 31 mm pitch using the apparatus shown in FIG. The results are shown in Table 21.
- Table 22 shows the measurement results of unevenness in the short period of thickness.
- the resulting transfer material conveying belt was incorporated into an electrophotographic apparatus (color electrophotographic apparatus) having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the rotation axes of adjacent photosensitive drums are separated from each other by 65 mm.
- the diameter of the drive roller is 20.
- Other electrophotographic operations were the same as in Example 1.
- Table 2 shows the results of 1 0 0 0 0 image output.
- the resulting transfer material conveying belt was incorporated into an electrophotographic apparatus (color electrophotographic apparatus) having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the centers of the rotation axes of adjacent photosensitive drums are 45 mm apart from each other.
- Other electrophotographic operations were the same as in Example 1.
- Table 2 shows the results of outputting 10,000 images.
- Replacement paper (Rule 2 ⁇ ) It is rotationally driven at a predetermined peripheral speed (process speed) in the direction of the arrow.
- the centers of rotation axes of adjacent photosensitive drums are 45 mm apart from each other.
- the process of forming the first color component image (for example, a yellow color component image) will be described below.
- the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 Y is uniformly charged with a predetermined polarity and potential by the primary charger 2 during the rotation process, and then receives image exposure 3 by an image exposure means (not shown). In this way, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the first color component image of the color image (in this example, the yellow color component image) is formed. .
- the electrostatic latent image is developed into a yellow component image by the first developing device (yellow color developing device 4 1). In this way, the first color on the photosensitive drum 1-Y
- a yellow toner image is formed. Then, at predetermined timing, toner images of second to fourth colors are also formed on the photosensitive drums 11M, 1-C and 11BK.
- the intermediate transfer belt 5 has the same peripheral speed as that of the photosensitive drums 1 1 Y, 1 1 1, 1-C, 1-BK in the direction of the arrow, or a predetermined peripheral speed difference with respect to them ( (The material transport belt is faster than the photosensitive drum) and is driven to rotate.
- a transfer bias is applied to the transfer roller 22 through a bias power source 28.
- the toner image on the photosensitive drum is transferred (primary transfer) to the intermediate transfer belt 5. That is, the yellow toner image as the first color component, the magenta toner image as the second color component, the cyan toner image as the third color component, and the black toner image as the fourth color component are arranged on the intermediate transfer belt 5 in this order. The layers are transferred sequentially.
- the transfer bias (primary transfer bias) at this time is, for example, about 1 to 3 kV.
- the intermediate transfer belt 5 continues to rotate as it is, and the transfer material P force is passed between the intermediate transfer belt 5 and the secondary transfer roller 7 at a predetermined timing through the paper feed roller.
- the transfer bias (secondary transfer bias) at this time is, for example, about +500 V to 13 kV.
- the intermediate transfer belt 5 is cleaned by applying a bias having the same polarity as the toner to the transfer roller 22 so that the toner of the intermediate transfer belt 5 is returned to the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 11 Y ⁇ l— ⁇ has a charge transport layer with a thickness of 20 im, the potential (Vd) before image exposure is -700 [V], and the potential (VI) after image exposure is -Primary charging and exposure were performed so as to be 1 50 [V].
- the rotation speed of the intermediate transfer belt 5 was 50 mm / s.
- the surface of the drive roller 21 is made of a rubber layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and its outer diameter is 14.3 mm.
- the winding angle of the intermediate transfer belt 5 around the driving roller 21 is 140. It was. Therefore, the winding amount is 17.5mm, 3.6% of the total inner circumference (17.5mm ⁇ 480mm).
- 8 is a secondary transfer counter roller
- 9 is a tally member for the intermediate transfer belt
- 10 is a paper feed guide
- 1 1 is a paper feed roller
- 1 3 is a cleaning member for the photosensitive drum
- 1 5 is a fixing device
- 21 is a driving roller
- 26 is a stretcher. 29 and 31 are bias power supplies.
- Table 2 shows the results of outputting 10,000 images. -As is clear from Table 3, the center of gravity Z was 0.74 ⁇ , and the short-period unevenness of the thickness was 2.8%, so the color shift was small.
- composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet is 10mm. 8061
- the blower output (air volume) was determined, the heater output was determined based on the thickness data in the heater OFF state, and the heater control was started. After 5 minutes from the start of control, the air temperature was measured at the air ring outlet in the same way as in Example 1. The minimum temperature was 28 ° C and the maximum temperature was 35 ° C. 7 ° C.
- An electrophotographic belt (transfer material transport belt) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the tube after 5 minutes from the start of the heater control, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The thickness measurement results are shown in Tables 28 and 29, and the color shift evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the center of gravity Z is as small as ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the initial color misregistration was small, but the unevenness of the short cycle of the thickness was as small as 2.8%. Although it was within the range, it was slightly worse than the initial stage.
- the reason why the short period thickness irregularity is small is thought to be because the amount of inorganic powder is as small as 10% by mass.
- Example 13 The composition was changed to T in Table l, and the tube was subjected to inflation molding in the same manner as in Example 12.
- the difference between Example 13 and Example 12 is the presence or absence of graphite It is
- An electrophotographic belt (transfer material conveyance belt) was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 using a tube that had passed 5 minutes after the start of heater control, and the same evaluation as in Example 12 was performed.
- Tables 30 and 31 show the thickness measurement results, and Table 2 shows the color shift evaluation results.
- the center of gravity Z force S 0.10 im was small, so the initial color shift was small. Further, by adding black lead, the unevenness of the short period of the thickness increased from 2.8% force of Example 12 to 3.5%, and the color misregistration after 100 000 sheets durability was good.
- Example 2 The tube A obtained in the manufacturing process of Example 1 was incorporated as a transfer material conveying belt in the electrophotographic apparatus (color electrophotographic apparatus) having the configuration shown in FIG. The same evaluation was performed. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- Table 25 shows the results of thickness measurements at 5 mm of the inner circumference, that is, at a distance of 24 mm at 1 mm intervals.
- the thickness accuracy of the electrophotographic belt is 96.0 to 10.9. 9 ⁇ , that is, 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 5% or less, which is good at first glance. However, since the center of gravity Z was 2. 17 ⁇ , the color shift was large from the beginning.
- Example 1 The composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the tube was inflation molded in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the blower output was adjusted so that the shortest distance between the tube and the air ring outlet was 2 O mm, the heater gain was determined, and heater control was started.
- a transfer material conveyance belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using a tube after 5 minutes from the start of control, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- the thickness measurement results are shown in Tables 26 and 27, and the color shift evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006536441A JPWO2006033471A1 (ja) | 2004-09-24 | 2005-09-22 | 電子写真ベルト、電子写真ベルトの製造方法および電子写真装置 |
| US11/345,342 US7979004B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-02-02 | Electrophotographic belt, production method of electrophotographic belt, and electrophotographic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-277567 | 2004-09-24 | ||
| JP2004277567 | 2004-09-24 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/345,342 Continuation US7979004B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-02-02 | Electrophotographic belt, production method of electrophotographic belt, and electrophotographic apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006033471A1 true WO2006033471A1 (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
Family
ID=36090210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/018061 Ceased WO2006033471A1 (ja) | 2004-09-24 | 2005-09-22 | 電子写真ベルト、電子写真ベルトの製造方法および電子写真装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7979004B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2006033471A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006033471A1 (ja) |
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| JP2009157068A (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | ベルト転写装置及びこれを用いた画像形成装置 |
| JP2009269382A (ja) * | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-19 | Akira Shimizu | 偏肉調整型エアーリング |
| US10866543B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2020-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic belt and electrophotographic image forming apparatus |
| JP2022546715A (ja) * | 2019-09-05 | 2022-11-07 | ランダ コーポレイション リミテッド | 可撓性基材の周期性パターンを検査することによるデジタル印刷システムの制御および監視 |
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| JP5014455B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-12 | 2012-08-29 | シャープ株式会社 | 転写装置及び画像形成装置 |
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| JP4902810B1 (ja) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-03-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 |
| JP5079134B2 (ja) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-11-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像ローラ、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
| EP2733549B1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2016-04-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developer carrier, process cartridge for electrophotography, and electrophotographic image-forming device |
| JP5723354B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2015-05-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像部材、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真用画像形成装置 |
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| US9482986B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2016-11-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus |
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| JP6815889B2 (ja) | 2016-02-26 | 2021-01-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像ローラ、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置 |
| JP6891065B2 (ja) | 2016-07-29 | 2021-06-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置、電子写真プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真画像形成装置 |
| US10310447B2 (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2019-06-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus |
| JP7057154B2 (ja) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-04-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像部材、電子写真プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置 |
| US10935903B2 (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2021-03-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing roller, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| WO2020003088A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | An intermediate transfer member for a digital printing system |
| JP7158943B2 (ja) | 2018-07-31 | 2022-10-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真用部材、電子写真プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置 |
| US10994528B1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-05-04 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Digital printing system with flexible intermediate transfer member |
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| JP2004237261A (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-26 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 塗布方法、塗布装置、及び無端ベルト |
| JP2005266772A (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-29 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 無端ベルトの製造方法および無端ベルト |
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| JP2886350B2 (ja) | 1990-12-27 | 1999-04-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 抵抗制御エンドレスベルト材の製造方法 |
| JPH11344025A (ja) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-12-14 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corp | シームレスチューブ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001064389A (ja) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-03-13 | Suzuka Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 導電性ポリイミド及び該導電性ポリイミドを用いた電子写真装置用中間転写ベルト |
| US7208211B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2007-04-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic belt member, process for producing electrophotographic belt member, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| US6737133B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2004-05-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic seamless belt, and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic seamless belt |
| US6600893B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2003-07-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Transfer member, process for producing transfer member, and image forming apparatus having transfer member |
| US7299003B2 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2007-11-20 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Fixing unit and image forming apparatus providing a quick start-up and reduction in energy consumption |
| US20060067747A1 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic endless belt, process for producing electrophotographic endless belt, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| US20060226572A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic endless belt, electrophotographic apparatus, and process for producing electrophotographic endless belt |
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2005
- 2005-09-22 JP JP2006536441A patent/JPWO2006033471A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-09-22 WO PCT/JP2005/018061 patent/WO2006033471A1/ja not_active Ceased
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2006
- 2006-02-02 US US11/345,342 patent/US7979004B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004237261A (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-26 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 塗布方法、塗布装置、及び無端ベルト |
| JP2005266772A (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-29 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 無端ベルトの製造方法および無端ベルト |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009157068A (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | ベルト転写装置及びこれを用いた画像形成装置 |
| JP2009269382A (ja) * | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-19 | Akira Shimizu | 偏肉調整型エアーリング |
| US10866543B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2020-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic belt and electrophotographic image forming apparatus |
| JP2022546715A (ja) * | 2019-09-05 | 2022-11-07 | ランダ コーポレイション リミテッド | 可撓性基材の周期性パターンを検査することによるデジタル印刷システムの制御および監視 |
| JP7759314B2 (ja) | 2019-09-05 | 2025-10-23 | ランダ コーポレイション リミテッド | 可撓性基材の周期性パターンを検査することによるデジタル印刷システムの制御および監視 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7979004B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
| JPWO2006033471A1 (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
| US20060127617A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
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