WO2006018560A1 - Microreacteur goutte - Google Patents
Microreacteur goutte Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006018560A1 WO2006018560A1 PCT/FR2005/050544 FR2005050544W WO2006018560A1 WO 2006018560 A1 WO2006018560 A1 WO 2006018560A1 FR 2005050544 W FR2005050544 W FR 2005050544W WO 2006018560 A1 WO2006018560 A1 WO 2006018560A1
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- ionic liquid
- drop
- functionalized
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- reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/18—Ring systems of four or more rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
- B01F33/302—Micromixers the materials to be mixed flowing in the form of droplets
- B01F33/3021—Micromixers the materials to be mixed flowing in the form of droplets the components to be mixed being combined in a single independent droplet, e.g. these droplets being divided by a non-miscible fluid or consisting of independent droplets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
- B01F33/3031—Micromixers using electro-hydrodynamic [EHD] or electro-kinetic [EKI] phenomena to mix or move the fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J14/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
- B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
- B01L3/502792—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
- C07C227/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions not involving the amino or carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/14—Preparation of ethers by exchange of organic parts on the ether-oxygen for other organic parts, e.g. by trans-etherification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/10—Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom
- C12P17/12—Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom containing a six-membered hetero ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/089—Virtual walls for guiding liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
- B01L2400/0427—Electrowetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0433—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces vibrational forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0442—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces thermal energy, e.g. vaporisation, bubble jet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
- B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
- G01N2035/1034—Transferring microquantities of liquid
- G01N2035/1046—Levitated, suspended drops
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drop microreactor, that is to say to a microreactor consisting of a drop of a particular liquid, the microreactor being without a wall, the interface of the particular liquid with the ambient medium and with the support on which the drop is deposited defining the limits of the microreactor.
- the present invention also relates to methods for carrying out chemical or biochemical reactions and / or mixtures using said drop microreactor, as well as to a lab on a chip comprising a microreactor according to the invention.
- the particular liquid used in the present invention is an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids.
- the present invention finds many applications, particularly in lab-on-a-chip where very small volumes of reaction media are generally used. It makes it possible, for example, to synthesize on a soluble support, syntheses in parallel, convergent syntheses, immobilizations on the ionic liquids of chemical or biological molecules that can be detected (target molecules) or detect (probe molecules), enzymatic reactions, homogenization of catalysts and homogeneous catalysts, process optimization, dangerous reactions, combinatorial chemistry reactions, etc.
- microsystems use drops of liquids in which the authors perform reactions. These microsystems are described for example in documents [4] and [5]. These drops of liquids may be aqueous or organic solvents.
- the displacement can also be achieved by electro-osmosis which requires the control of surface charges.
- the present invention precisely meets this need, and still others, explained below, by providing a microreactor characterized in that it consists of a drop comprising at least one ionic liquid.
- a method of implementing a chemical or biochemical reaction comprising the following steps: a drop of at least one ionic liquid on a surface; introducing into the at least one ionic liquid, before or after depositing it in the form of a drop, of at least one chemical or biochemical reagent, reacting chemically or biochemically, in said drop, the reagent with the ionic liquid or the reagents between them.
- the present invention still meets this need, and still others, explained below, by providing a method for mixing drops of ionic liquid comprising the following steps: depositing a first drop of at least a first ionic liquid on a surface; depositing a second drop of at least one second ionic liquid on said surface; optionally introducing into the first ionic liquid, before or after its deposition in the form of a drop on the surface, of at least a first chemical or biochemical reagent; optionally introducing into the second ionic liquid, before or after its dropwise deposit on the surface, at least one second chemical or biochemical reagent; - meeting the first drop and the second drop so as to form a single drop.
- the drops of ionic liquids identical or different in their volume and / or their content, each comprising or not, independently of one another, one or more reagent (s), and each including or not, independently l one of the other, a solvent, are mixed together, and therefore also their possible content, by combining said drops in a single drop.
- the step of joining the drops may be followed by a step of chemically or biochemically reacting, in the drop formed by their meeting, reagents when they are present in one and / or the other of the drops between them and / or with the first and / or the second ionic liquid (s), in particular when this (these) ionic liquid (s) is (are) functionalized.
- a method for implementing a chemical or biochemical reaction comprising the following steps: depositing a first drop of at least one first ionic liquid on a surface; depositing a second drop of at least one second ionic liquid on said surface; introducing into the first ionic liquid, before or after depositing in the form of a drop on the surface, at least one first chemical or biochemical reagent; introducing into the second ionic liquid, before or after its dropwise deposit on the surface, at least a second chemical or biochemical reagent; meeting, on said surface, the first drop and the second drop to form a single drop; and chemically or biochemically react in the drop formed by the first and second joined drops, said first reagent with said second reagent.
- the present invention aims to provide a new use of ionic liquids as a microreactor, more particularly for applications in analytical techniques and chemical and biochemical reactions carried out on laboratories on a chip. It therefore also relates to a laboratory on a chip comprising at least one microreactor according to the invention.
- the microreactor of the present invention is a reactor without wall: it is the interface of the ionic liquid with the ambient environment which defines the limits of the microreactor. Therefore, in the present description, it is also called "drop microreactor".
- ionic liquids on the basis of which the present invention is implemented, have a number of interesting physico-chemical properties described in document [9]. These properties include: their low volatilities and very low vapor pressures: ionic liquids have very low volatility and very low vapor pressures, unlike Volatile Organic Solvents (VOS) and solvents. aqueous so no evaporation problem when used in droplet format. They are especially less volatile than water and most organic solvents such as, for example, ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, toluene, acetonitrile, solvents whose temperature boiling point is less than or equal to 110 ° C.
- VOS Volatile Organic Solvents
- ionic liquids do not present this problem.
- their high thermal stability the ionic liquids are very thermally stable, some up to more than 400 0 C, in contrast to their low flammability, their high solubilization of salts as well as neutral organic molecules and polymers, and various materials such as transition metal complexes, for example such as catalysts; their recycling is easy. They can be functionalized and can then serve as soluble supports with a high specific load and make it possible to carry out reactions with the same reactivity as in aqueous or organic solution. chemical and biochemical reactions can easily be followed by modern analysis techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or high performance chromatography (HPLC) techniques; the purification of the reaction products is easy.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- HPLC high performance chromatography
- ionic liquids can also be cited, particularly for their interest in laboratory-on-a-chip applications: these liquids can be used in electrochemistry and have a large electrochemical window; and they are compatible with biological molecules such as enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), glycoproteins, lipids, etc.
- the at least one ionic liquid may be chosen from any suitable ionic liquids and onium salts known to those skilled in the art, as well as from their mixtures.
- the documents [9] and [10] describe examples of ionic liquids, onium salts and their mixtures that can be used to implement the present invention, as well as their physicochemical properties and their manufacturing method (s).
- the usable liquid liquid is in liquid form at room temperature, it can be represented by the formula A x + Xi " , in which A 1 + represents a cation, functional or not, or a mixture of cations in which either of the cations is functional, at least one of the cations is functional, and in which Xi " is a functional anion or not, or a mixture of anions in which either none of the anions is functional or at least one anions is functional.
- the expression "ionic liquid” generally means a salt or a mixture of salts whose melting point is between -100 ° C. and 250 ° C.
- ionic liquid means a pure ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids, functionalized or not, or a mixture of one or more ionic liquids, functionalized or not, with one or more reagents and / or solvents.
- non-functional ionic liquid or
- Microx ionic liquid means an ionic liquid capable of solubilizing one or more chemical or biological species such as inorganic or organic salts, organic molecules, polymers of natural or synthetic origin.
- nonfunctional ionic liquid therefore refers to a solvent consisting of an ionic liquid.
- solvents are non-volatile and have a very low vapor pressure. They are also polar and have the ability to dissolve functionalized onium salts that can then be used as supports soluble as described in [10]. They can be used pure or in mixture.
- ionic liquid or “task-specific ionic liquid” or “dedicated ionic liquid” is meant an ionic liquid of the formula indicated above, of which either the cation, the anion or both is ) carrier (s) of a function capable of reacting with a reagent present in the drop. They can be used pure or in mixture.
- the term “functional cation” refers to a molecular group that has at least one chemical function, a portion of this group carrying a positive charge.
- the term “functional anion” refers to a molecular group that has at least one chemical function, a portion of this group carrying a negative charge.
- the term “non-functional cation” refers to a molecular group that does not have a chemical function, a portion of this group bearing a positive charge.
- non-functional anion refers to a molecular group that does not have a chemical function, a portion of this group carrying a negative charge.
- the ionic liquid A 1 + Xi does not contain any functional ion, it is called" non-functionalized ionic liquid.
- It serves as an inert reaction medium or matrix with respect to the reactants but is capable of dissolving them.
- the ionic liquid A x + Xi has at least one functional ion, it is called” functionalized ionic liquid ". reaction medium and for another part of soluble support or matrix.
- said at least one ionic liquid can therefore be a functionalized or non-functionalized ionic liquid, but also a mixture of functionalized ionic liquid (s) and ionic liquid (s). non-functionalized.
- the drop of ionic liquid forming the microreactor may therefore comprise, in addition to the functionalized ionic liquid, an unfunctionalized ionic liquid, or, in addition to the nonfunctionalized ionic liquid, a functionalized ionic liquid.
- a mixture of non-functional tetralkylammonium salts or phosphonium salts may be used.
- the melting point of a mixture is lower than the melting point of the constituent of the mixture which melts at the lowest temperature. It may therefore be very important to use a mixture to have an ionic liquid with a reasonable melting point.
- Some functionalized salts especially those with large anions such as NTf2 "PF ⁇ " / BF 4 "or CF 3 SO 3 " , can be liquid at room temperature or melted at a low temperature, for example
- N N + . H.NTf 2 is liquid at room temperature.
- This ionic liquid is prepared by alkylation of Me 3 N according to the following reaction:
- Xi a non-functional anion or a mixture of non-functional anions.
- the term "ionic entity” refers to that portion of the cation or anion, which carries the charge, respectively positive or negative.
- the function Fi can be chosen in particular from the following functions: hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, amide, sulphone, primary amine, secondary amine, aldehyde, ketone, ethenyl, ethynyl, dienyl, ether, epoxide, phosphine (primary, secondary or tertiary), azide imine, ketene,
- the at least one ionic liquid may be chosen from an imidazolium salt, more generally an ammonium salt, a phosphonium salt, an onium salt or a mixture of these salts. As indicated above, these salts may be functionalized or non-functionalized.
- matrix ionic liquids that is to say unfunctionalized ionic liquids
- matrix ionic liquids there may be mentioned the following: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim] [BF 4 ]; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim] [PF 6 ];
- an ionic liquid as defined above in a stable composition containing in solution: at least one ionic liquid of formula Ai + Xi " , acting as the liquid matrix, and at least one functionalized ionic liquid ("task-specific"), for example a functionalized onium salt, of formula A 2 + X 2 " , as a reaction support, the functionalized onium salt, by for example, the functionalized ionic liquid, being dissolved in the unfunctionalized ionic liquid, to form a homogeneous phase,
- Ai + representing a non-functional cation or a mixture of cations in which none of the cations is functional
- Xi " representing a non-functional anion or a mixture of anions in which none of the anions is functional
- X 2 " representing an anion, functional or otherwise, or a mixture of anions in which none of the anions is functional or in which at least one of the anions is functional
- a 2 + and / or X 2 " represent (s) or include (s), respectively a functional cation and / or a functional anion
- said functional cations and functional anions corresponding to an ionic entity Y-, namely respectively cationic Y + - or anionic Y " -, optionally linked via an arm L, in particular an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, to at least one Fi, Fi function ranging from F 0 to F n , n being an integer varying from 1 to 10,
- the functional cation can be represented in the form Y + -L-Fi, and the functional anion
- the functional anion may represent, when k is equal to 0, a simple anion, corresponding to Y ⁇ Fi, in particular chosen from: OH “ , F “ , CN “RO”, RS “RSOJ, RCOj, RBFJ, wherein R represents an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- stable composition designates a homogeneous mixture composed of the liquid matrix A 1 + Xi " and of the salt (s) functionalized (s) A 2 + X 2 " .
- This composition is said to be stable insofar as it does not undergo spontaneous transformations over time. It can be verified that this composition is stable by spectroscopic analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), visible ultraviolet (UV), mass spectrometry or radiation methods. chromatography.
- the expression "functionalized ionic liquid” designates an entity of type A 2 + X 2 " in which the cation and / or the anion carries a function Fi as defined above.This function confers on said functionalized ionic liquid and on the stable composition , of which it forms part, chemical and / or physicochemical properties.
- the term “functionalized onium salt” refers to the ammonium, phosphonium and sulphonium salts, as well as all the salts resulting from the guaternization of an amine, a phosphine, a thioether or a heterocycle containing one or more of these heteroatoms, and bearing at least one function Fi.
- This expression also denotes an onium salt whose cation as defined above is not functionalized but whose anion carries a function Fi.
- This expression may also denote a salt whose anion and cation carry a function Fi.
- a preferred functionalized onium salt is especially chosen from the following:
- n being an integer from 0 to 20.
- a preferred non-functionalized onium salt is especially chosen from the following: imidazolium, pyridinium Me 3 N + -Bu or Bu 3 P + -Me, NTf 2 " anions, PF 6 " or BF 4 " .
- the ionic liquids can therefore be used pure or in a mixture, for example an ionic liquid with specific tasks at a certain concentration in another ionic liquid serving as the
- the functional salt dissolved in the matrix may be a liquid or a liquid. solid with high melting point, the important thing is that it is soluble in the matrix. It may also be an ionic liquid dissolved in a solvent or solvents, if appropriate chosen to be compatible with the techniques of displacement of the drop (s) when these techniques are implemented in the of the present invention.
- a liquid functionalized onium salt at a temperature below 100 ° C. may be a specific-task ionic liquid or a solution of a salt functionalized in a non-functional ionic liquid matrix.
- the ionic liquid forming the microreactor comprises at least one solvent
- it can be any solvent useful for implementing the present invention, preferably compatible with the ionic liquid (s) used (s). ), preferably miscible or partially miscible.
- the solvent is sufficiently miscible to allow the implementation of the mixture or the chemical reaction according to the present invention.
- the at least one solvent may be chosen for example from organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, trichlorethylene, dichloromethylene, toluene, acetonitrile, propionitrile, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran (THF ), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, heptane, hexane, pentane, petroleum ether, the
- Volatile solvents such as those mentioned above (VOS and above) that are miscible with ionic liquids can be used. These solvents evaporate, especially when heated.
- the ionic liquid forming the microreactor may also comprise at least one reagent.
- This (these) reagent (s) may (for example) be that (those) used (s) to perform, in the microreactor drop of the present invention, the reagent mixture (s) and / or the reaction (s) ) or biochemical (s). It may also be one or more reagent (s) used (s) for detecting and / or analyzing the initial and / or final products resulting from the chemical or biochemical reactions carried out in the microreactor.
- the at least one reagent can be introduced into the ionic liquid in powder form (solid), in liquid form or in solution.
- the introduction of the reagent can be done by simple deposition of the liquid reagent, in or on the ionic liquid before or after the deposition of the drop or drops on the surface.
- Homogenization of the ionic liquid / reagent mixture can then be carried out by example by stirring, or when it is a drop, for example by vibration or simple brownian agitation.
- the reagent to be introduced into the ionic liquid when the reagent to be introduced into the ionic liquid is volatile, it is advantageously possible to fix it in the microreactor of the present invention by using a specially functionalized ionic liquid to fix said reagent.
- a specially functionalized ionic liquid to fix said reagent.
- the solution is preferably carried out using a solvent chemically compatible with the ionic liquid, that is to say which does not react chemically with the ionic liquid, and preferably also, which does not interfere with the chemical or biochemical reaction that must be implemented in the drop.
- the solvent used must of course also be at least partially miscible with the ionic liquid. Examples of solvents usable for this purpose are given above.
- the reagent when the reagent is in liquid form or in solution, it is also possible to deposit a drop of this reagent solution on the surface near the drop of ionic liquid forming the microreactor of the present invention and to bring together these two drops in one drop in order to mix their contents.
- the combination of these two drops can be made for example by one of the displacement techniques described below, for example by electrowetting.
- the introduction of the reagent into the microreactor of the present invention may be by coalescing a drop of ionic liquid and a drop of reagent onto the surface.
- the drop (s) can (s) be deposited on the surface, for example of a lab-on-a-chip, by any known technique of the person skilled in the art, for example by a technique chosen from the group comprising a manual deposition, a deposition by an automated or non-automated drop dispenser, for example from an ionic liquid reservoir, or a deposition by fractionation of a larger drop deposited on the surface.
- each drop forming a microreactor has a volume such that it forms a drop.
- the drop when the drop has to be moved, this drop must be displaceable by the chosen displacement technique.
- the drop For example for use in a lab-on-a-chip, in general, the drop has a volume of 10 ⁇ l to a few microliters, for example.
- the drop When a technique of displacement of the drop on the surface is used, preferably the drop has a volume of 10 ⁇ l to 10 ⁇ l.
- the present invention thus makes it possible to carry out chemical or biochemical reactions in reactors without a small volume wall.
- the surface on which the drop is deposited is preferably a surface allowing the formation of a drop of ionic liquid without it spreading too much, especially in order to prevent contiguous drops whose coalescence was not expected to touch (unwanted contamination between drops deposited on the surface).
- It may be, for example, a silica surface, a glass surface, a Teflon surface, etc. This is in fact the surface on which the chemical or biochemical reaction is carried out using the drop microreactor of the present invention. It may be any surface suitable for making a lab-on-a-chip, and preferably compatible with ionic liquids.
- the material of the surface is therefore preferably compatible with the drop format and, where appropriate, with the chosen technique of displacement of the drop (s).
- a preferred surface for example a lab on a chip, is of course a surface having little adhesion with the ionic liquid (s) used, for example a hydrophobic or hydrophobic surface, for example a Teflon surface. .
- the surface may have one or more cavities (recesses) provided to receive the drop or drops; one or more projections; it can also be a flat surface without relief; or else a combination of hollows and / or projections and / or planar surface.
- the surface may be provided with a conductive wire (against electrode) allowing the
- This surface may be that of a lab-on-a-chip known to those skilled in the art, covered or not with a hood.
- a cover covering the drop or drops and intended to prevent evaporation of the ionic liquid is advantageously not mandatory. However, it may be required if the chemical reaction carried out requires particular conditions, for example an inert atmosphere, an argon flow, or a suction of toxic volatile products.
- a first drop of an ionic liquid and a second drop of an ionic liquid may be deposited on a surface, for example a lab on a chip.
- the expression "a first drop of an ionic liquid and a second drop of an ionic liquid” is understood to mean that at least two drops that are identical or different, either by the nature of the ionic liquid or by the nature of the reagent (s) introduced into the ionic liquid are deposited on said surface.
- the present description applies of course, independently, to each of the drops deposited on said surface.
- the present invention it is possible to deposit, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1000 or more drops on the same surface, these drops being identical or different. , by their volume and / or by nature of the ionic liquid and / or by the nature of the reagents introduced into the ionic liquid.
- the present invention therefore has a particular advantage, particularly by its ease of implementation, to perform on the same laboratory on a chip chemical and / or biochemical reactions in parallel, for example multiparametric reactions, for example on a sample to be analyzed.
- a first and a second drop can be combined.
- the expression “the first and second drops are combined” means that at least two drops deposited on the surface can be combined, in particular to mix them and / or to mix their contents, for example the first and second reagents.
- first and second reagents means at least two reagents, each of the drops may comprise one or more reagents, each of the drops may consist of a functionalized or non-functionalized ionic liquid.
- the combination of the two drops, or coalescence can therefore trigger the chemical or biochemical reaction (s) or simply perform a mixture of reagents and / or ionic liquids.
- one of the drops comprises a specific task ionic liquid and the other a matrix ionic liquid and a reagent
- the meeting, or bringing into contact, of these drops of ionic liquid makes it possible to performing the desired chemical reaction (s) between the reagent and the function carried by the ionic liquid.
- the implementation of the present invention may consist, according to a first example in the succession of the following steps, as illustrated schematically in Figure 1 attached: -i- on a surface, for example in a reaction chamber of a laboratory on a chip depositing a first drop of ionic liquid (LI A) consisting of an ionic liquid, or of an onium salt, functionalized with a function A capable of reacting or not with a reagent B, and
- LI A ionic liquid
- a second drop of a matrix ionic liquid containing a reagent B is deposited.
- the first and second drops are combined, for example by a displacement technique such as those mentioned above, and after an adequate time of chemical reaction between the function A and the reagent B, a drop (LI C) is obtained, in which the ionic liquid is functionalized by the product (C) of the reaction A + B.
- "" Indicates a chemical bond between the ionic liquid and the function or molecule that functions the ionic liquid. It may be for example a covalent bond, etc.
- the two drops of ionic liquid are matrix ionic liquids, each of the drops comprises one of the reagents A and B, and the bringing into contact (coalescence) of these two drops of LI makes it possible to perform a mixing reagents A and B in the LI drop formed from the two joined drops or a reaction between reagents A and B.
- the drops may not be functional ionic liquids, but only matrices. In the latter case, the reagents are simply in solution in these matrices which act as solvents.
- the implementation of the method of the invention may also consist, according to a third example, in the succession of the following steps, in addition to the above-mentioned steps, as illustrated diagrammatically in the appended FIG. 2:
- the drop of the preceding step -iv- is combined with the drop of ionic liquid, for example by a displacement technique such as those mentioned above, and
- a droplet (LI E) is obtained, in which the ionic liquid is functionalized by the product (E) of the C + D reaction.
- ionic liquids are all matrix ionic liquids
- three drops of ionic liquids, each comprising one of the reactants X, Y and Z, are obtained by combining a single drop comprising an X + Y + Z mixture.
- the present invention may also consist, according to a fifth example, in the implementation of a method for preparing a molecule M attached to an initial function F 0 , bonded, in the drop of ionic liquid, optionally via an arm
- L in particular an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with an ionic entity Y + -, forming part of the cation A 2 + of the functionalized salt used A 2 + X 2 " , and / or Y " -, forming part of of the anion X 2 " of the functionalized salt used A 2 + X 2 " , the cation being in the form Y + -LF 0 and / or the anion being in the form Y - (Dk-F 0 , k being equal to 0 or 1, which process comprises the following steps, written from the definitions of the ionic liquids provided above: a first addition of a reagent B 1 in a drop of ionic liquid of composition mentioned above and the reaction between said function F 0 , and the reagent Bi, leading to a function F 1 , linked to the ionic entity Y + -, forming part of the cation A 2 + of the functionalized salt A 2 + X 2 "
- n-1 successive additions of Bi reagents (optionally via a drop of ionic matrix liquid, solid reagents, liquid reagents, or a drop of aqueous Bi solution) in the ionic liquid drop of aforementioned composition, l ⁇ i ⁇ n, n ranging from 2 to 10, allowing, at each addition, the reaction between the reagent Bi and a function Fi -1 , leading to obtaining a function F 1 , la (nl ) th addition of the reagent B n to the function F n _! leading to obtaining the function F n , the n-1 additions being able to be represented according to one of the following reaction schemes:
- Reagents B 0 to B n can be introduced successively via a drop of matrix ionic liquid fused to the drop of functionalized ionic liquid.
- the molecule M is recovered at the end of the preparation process used.
- Document [10] describes this type of protocol that can be used in the present invention.
- drops of ionic liquids containing supported reagents can be fused, ultimately resulting in a multisel in solution in a LI matrix. We can then go back to the previous example and react unsupported reactants through fusion with drops of matrix ionic liquids containing these reagents.
- the matrix or functionalized ionic liquids used during the different reactions may be identical or different.
- said at least one first ionic liquid and said at least one second ionic liquid are independently selected from a functionalized or non-functionalized ionic liquid.
- the first ionic liquid may therefore comprise, in addition to the functionalized ionic liquid, an unfunctionalized ionic liquid, or else; in addition to the unfunctionalized ionic liquid, a liquid ionic functionalised.
- the second ionic liquid may comprise in addition to the functionalized ionic liquid, an ionic liquid. no . functionalized, or else, in addition to the unfunctionalized ionic liquid, a functionalized ionic liquid.
- first drop and the second drop may be the same or different and may have, independently, volumes as indicated above.
- the step of chemically or biochemically reacting the reagent or reagents with each other or with the function carried by an ionic liquid of a drop is carried out as any chemical or biochemical reaction step in a conventional reactor of the prior art, that is to say with walls, except that it is carried out in the microreactor drop of the present invention, that is to say in the drop of ionic liquid functionalized or not.
- microreactor of the present invention can be any chemical or biochemical reaction.
- Examples of possible reactions in the microreactor of the present invention include the following:
- Enzymatic reactions for example, reactions using lipases such as those described in document [12].
- Catalysis reactions for example, metathesis of olefins such as that described in document [13].
- Hazardous reactions examples that may be mentioned are reactions involving azides as described in document [14].
- Electrochemical reactions for example, the cathodic breaks of bonds as described in document [15]. - The heterogenization of catalysts and homogeneous catalysts.
- Target molecules proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), glycoproteins, lipids etc.
- probe molecules for example proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), glycoproteins, lipids etc.
- each of the drops forming a microreactor may be heated to allow conventional reactions of organic chemistry, for example up to 200 0 C or more, because of the non-volatility of W
- the chemical reactions carried out in the ionic liquids can be carried out at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperatures.
- the product (s) obtained during or after the chemical reaction (s) carried out in the drop of ionic liquid may (may) then be detected (s) or quantified (s). ) either directly within the lab-on-a-chip, for example by colorimetric or electrochemical detection or any other appropriate detection means known to those skilled in the art, or outside the lab-on-a-chip, for example by the high performance chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) techniques, spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- IR infrared
- UV visible ultraviolet
- MS mass spectrometry
- LC / MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- colorimetric or any other technique appropriate analysis known to those skilled in the art to detect the molecules to be analyzed.
- the analyzes may be carried out directly in the drop (for example by NMR, HPLC or another technique such as those mentioned above), or after release of the product of the reaction linked to the ionic liquid by cleavage (see Example 1), and / or extraction and / or purification of the product (s) resulting from the reaction carried out in the drop of ionic liquid.
- This extraction can be carried out for example by the technique described in document [10].
- it may further comprise a step of moving on the surface the ionic liquid or drops.
- This displacement of the drop (s) may have different objectives, among these, there may be mentioned for example that of bringing together two or more drops of ionic liquid deposited on the surface in the mixing (s) and reaction applications (s) chemical or biochemical above between the drops and their contents; but also that of moving a drop of ionic liquid from a reaction zone of a lab-on-a-chip to another reaction zone of said laboratory, or of a reaction zone of a laboratory-on-a-chip up to a detection zone of said laboratory.
- the displacement of the drip microreactors of the present invention can be achieved by any technique known to those skilled in the art to move a drop on a surface.
- a displacement technique chosen from: -
- a mechanical displacement for example by vibration, by capillarity, by means of a pusher or by transport on a mobile support.
- An example of transport on a mobile support that can be used in the present invention is a "treadmill" as described for example in document [16].
- Electrostatic displacement for example by electrowetting.
- the technique of displacement of drops of ionic liquid by electro-wetting has been discovered in the context of the present invention. Indeed, during their research, the inventors of the present were the first to demonstrate the property of ionic liquids can be moved on a surface in the form of drop, by electrowetting. This technique is particularly advantageous in the implementation of the method of the invention, particularly in "lab-on-a-chip" applications.
- electrowetting on dielectric described in document [5] can be used in which the forces used are electrostatic forces.
- the drop is based on an electrode array, from which it is isolated by a dielectric layer and a hydrophobic layer.
- the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic layer between the activated electrode and the drop permanently polarized by a counter electrode, acting as a capacitor, - the effects of electrostatic charge induce the displacement of drop on the activated electrode.
- the counter electrode is essential for the movement by electrowetting, it maintains an electrical contact with the drop during its movement.
- This counter electrode can be either a catenary (Ca) as described in [5], or a buried wire, or a planar electrode on the hood of confined systems.
- the electrodes can be made by depositing a metal layer, by the
- a metal selected from Au, Al, ITO, Pt, Cr, Cu, or by photolithography is then covered with a dielectric layer, for example Si 3 N 4 or SiO 2 .
- a deposition of a hydrophobic layer is performed, such as, for example, a Teflon deposit made by spinning.
- electrowetting technique gradually it is possible to move the drops of ionic liquids, and possibly to combine them to mix, to achieve complex protocols.
- Document [5] gives examples of implementations of adjacent electrode series for handling a drop in a plane usable in the present invention. This type of displacement can be used for example in biochemical, chemical or biological analysis devices in the medical field, environmental monitoring, quality control, etc.
- [17] discloses, for example, a dielectric liquid displacement control device operable in the present invention.
- a drop of liquid is placed between two planes comprising pairs of electrodes.
- the drop of liquid has a permittivity greater than its environment defined by the space between the two planes comprising the electrodes.
- the displacement is electrically controlled by applying electrical voltages to the electrode pairs.
- a displacement by thermal gradient or by electrocapillarity for example by the technique described in document [19].
- the technique involves dipping a drop of ionic liquid in a thermal gradient. This results in a fluid circulation at the interface of the drop effect Marangonie. This fluid circulation causes the movement of the drop.
- Displacement by pressure waves or acoustic waves for example by the technique described in document [20].
- the technique consists of propagating acoustic waves on a hydrophobic surface. The wave disturbs the wetting of the drop, and causes its displacement.
- the present invention allows the realization of chemical or biochemical reactions in small wallless reactors.
- the ionic liquids with specific tasks allow the realization of chemical reactions with the same reactivity as in solution.
- the reactions can be followed and the purification of the reaction products is easy, for example after cleavage.
- the microreactor drop of the present invention there is no clogging of channels, there is no loss of charge in hydrodynamic mode, for example when syringe pumps and pumps are used and it does not there are no dead volumes as with the microreactors of the prior art.
- unlike channels, with the present invention there is no problem of diffusion. The reactions remain constant and individualized.
- microsystem of the present invention is a microsystem at low manufacturing cost and compatible with an aggressive chemical environment, in particular by the solvents used, the working temperatures, the pressures, etc.
- Figure 1 schematic representation of a chemical reaction and / or biochemical manufacturing of a product C in a microreactor drop produced by the method of the present invention by combining a drop of ionic liquid functionalized with a function A (LI A ) and a drop of matrix ionic liquid comprising reagent B.
- LI A function A
- FIG. 2 schematic representation of a chemical and / or biochemical reaction for the production of a product E in a microreactor made by the method of the present invention by combining a drop of functionalized ionic liquid (LI A) and a drop of ionic matrix liquid comprising reagent B to form the product c immobilized on the ionic liquid (LI C), then by meeting LI C with a drop of ionic matrix liquid comprising the reagent D.
- LI A functionalized ionic liquid
- LI C ionic matrix liquid comprising reagent B
- Figure 3 schematic representation of the displacement of a drop of ionic liquid by electrowetting to implement the method of the present invention.
- Figure 6A-C diagram of a device for moving drops of ionic liquid by electrowetting for the implementation of the method of the present invention when it comprises a step of moving.
- Example 1 Implementation of the process of the present invention with displacement of the drops to make a chain with several chemical reactions: case of the Grieco reaction
- the drops used in this example have the following composition: drop 1: drop of 4-aminobenzoic acid supported on ammonium salt 1 (see reaction scheme below) in 1M solution in [tmba] [NTf 2 ] ; drop 2: drop of 2 equivalents of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1.2 equivalents of TFA in 0.5 M solution in [tmba] [NTf 2 ]; and drop 3: drop of 10 equivalents of indene in IM solution in [tmba] [NTf 2 ].
- the drop displacement technique used in this example is an electrowetting displacement technique whose operation is shown schematically in FIG. 6 (only one drop is shown in FIG. 6): the support (S) is structured so as to comprise a electrode network (E), a dielectric layer (D), a hydrophobic layer
- connection means connected to an electric generator (V).
- the drops (G) are based on the array of electrodes (FIG. 6A), from which they are isolated by the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic layer.
- the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic layer between the activated electrode and the drop under tension acts as a capacitance, the surface is charged and the drop polarized permanently by a counter electrode, acting as a capacitance, the effects of electrostatic charge induce the displacement of the drop on the activated electrode.
- the counter electrode is essential for the movement by electrowetting, it maintains an electrical contact with the drop during its movement.
- This counter electrode is here a catenary (Ca).
- the electrodes are made by depositing a gold layer, by photolithography. The substrate is then covered with a layer of SiO 2 . Finally, a deposit of a teflon layer is made by spinning.
- the drop is electrostatically attracted to the surface of this electrode (FIG. 6B).
- step by step it is possible to move the drops of ionic liquids and also to mix them by selectively activating one or the other of the electrodes of the electrode array.
- a catenary (Ca), arranged on the support, makes it possible to polarize the droplet.
- the aforementioned drops are moved to be successively joined.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the protocol used: the the era drop (1) is moved to the 2nd (2), the 2nd to the era and, after assembly of these two drops, the drop (1 + 2) formed by a mixture thereof is moved to the 3 rd (3) drop to form a drop (4).
- the resulting mixture is incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction of Grieco is then total.
- the droplet (1.5 .mu.l) is recovered in an eppendorf tube and washed several times with ether (3x20 .mu.l) in order to extract excess or secondary products from the ionic liquid.
- the ether solubilizes these products, but is not miscible with the chosen ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid is then rid of excess or secondary products.
- the product 2 is cleaved from the support after overnight incubation at room temperature in the presence of a 7N solution of NH 3 in methanol.
- the X treatment comprises the following successive steps:
- HPLC analysis of the reverse phase reaction shows the appearance of the final product with a retention time different from that observed for the functionalized starting salt.
- HPLC analysis conditions were as follows:
- Figure 4 is the trace of the chromatogram obtained on the drop of ionic liquid (1) specific task before implementation of the chemical reaction.
- FIG. 5 is the trace of the chromatogram obtained on the drop of ionic liquid (4) after chemical reaction and washes.
- FIG. 7 is the trace of the chromatogram allowing a follow-up of the cleavage carried out by means of the treatment X making it possible to release the product of the reaction.
- the No. 1 drop is converged to the other drop using the electrowetting technique.
- the applied voltage is 45 V.
- DCA dichloroacetic acid
- EWOD electrowetting displacement
- a first reaction mixture is prepared as follows: 50 mM phosphate-citrate buffer pH 6.5 (10 ml), o-phenylene diamine (OPD, 20 mg) and hydrogen peroxide (4 ⁇ l). A drop of this mixture of a volume of 0.5 ⁇ l is dissolved in matrix ionic liquid ([btma] [NTF 2 ]) (0.5 ⁇ l).
- a second reaction mixture is prepared as follows: matrix ionic liquid ([btma] [NTF 2 ]) (0.9 ⁇ l) and horse radish peroxidase (0.1 ⁇ l at 20 ⁇ M).
- the No. 2 drop is converged to the other drop using the electrowetting technique.
- the applied voltage is 45 V.
- Example 4 Implementation of the process of the present invention with displacement of drops to effect a reduction reaction
- the drops used in this example have the following composition: the
- drop 1 drop of aldehyde supported on an ammonium salt 4 (see reaction scheme below) in solution [0.5 M] in [bmim] [BF 4 ];
- drop 2 drop of BH 3 .pyridine (10 equivalents) in [bmim] [BF 4 ].
- the drops are then converged to one another by electrowetting by applying a voltage of 55 V. After melting the drops, the mixture obtained is incubated at room temperature (18-25 ° C.) for 2 hours.
- the drop (0.6 .mu.l) is recovered in an Eppendorf tube (registered trademark) and washed several times with ether (3x20 .mu.l) in order to extract the excess or secondary products from the ionic liquid.
- the ether solubilizes these products but is not miscible with the ionic liquid chosen.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/631,554 US20080124252A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2005-07-05 | Droplet Microreactor |
EP05790710A EP1771244A1 (fr) | 2004-07-08 | 2005-07-05 | Microreacteur goutte |
JP2007519852A JP2008505747A (ja) | 2004-07-08 | 2005-07-05 | 液滴マイクロリアクター |
US14/270,799 US20140322767A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2014-05-06 | Droplet microreactor |
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FR0407623 | 2004-07-08 | ||
FR0407623A FR2872715B1 (fr) | 2004-07-08 | 2004-07-08 | Microreacteur goutte |
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US11/631,554 A-371-Of-International US20080124252A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2005-07-05 | Droplet Microreactor |
US14/270,799 Continuation US20140322767A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2014-05-06 | Droplet microreactor |
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WO2006018560A1 true WO2006018560A1 (fr) | 2006-02-23 |
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EP (1) | EP1771244A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008505747A (fr) |
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WO (1) | WO2006018560A1 (fr) |
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JP2013511294A (ja) * | 2009-11-23 | 2013-04-04 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・エヌ・ヴェー | 除草剤耐性植物及びそれを識別するための方法 |
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US20080124252A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
FR2872715B1 (fr) | 2006-11-17 |
JP2008505747A (ja) | 2008-02-28 |
FR2872715A1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 |
EP1771244A1 (fr) | 2007-04-11 |
US20140322767A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
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