WO2006013055A1 - Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier - Google Patents

Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006013055A1
WO2006013055A1 PCT/EP2005/008170 EP2005008170W WO2006013055A1 WO 2006013055 A1 WO2006013055 A1 WO 2006013055A1 EP 2005008170 W EP2005008170 W EP 2005008170W WO 2006013055 A1 WO2006013055 A1 WO 2006013055A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpieces
annealing
heat treatment
steel
thermochemical diffusion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/008170
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Nierlich
Johann Volkmuth
Ulf Sjöblom
Original Assignee
Ab Skf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ab Skf filed Critical Ab Skf
Publication of WO2006013055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006013055A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heat treatment of steel workpieces.
  • Processes for heat treatment of steel workpieces are known in many designs.
  • the heat treatment serves in particular to increase the hardness of the workpieces.
  • the nature of the heat treatment has great influence on the properties of the workpieces, so that the choice of a suitable heat treatment process, in addition to the choice of a suitable composition of the steel, is essential for the service life of the workpieces. This is particularly true for workpieces that have to meet high quality requirements and are exposed to high stresses over a long service life. In such workpieces, the quality can be very sensitive to the details of the heat treatment.
  • Very high quality requirements are linked, for example, to rolling bearing parts. These quality requirements relate in particular to the strength, the service life and the structural stability against aging.
  • the heat treatment is aimed at the finest possible and uniform distribution of carbides, carbonitrides or nitrides in the surface layer. Such a carbide distribution can already be achieved to a good approximation with a method disclosed in EP 0 999 287 A1.
  • a heat treatment of steel workpieces by hardening is proposed, in which the workpieces are annealed before curing during an annealing period of up to 120 seconds and then cooled. The annealing is carried out at an annealing temperature of 1000 0 C to a maximum of just below the melting point of the steel.
  • the workpieces can be austenitized and then quenched, for example, in a salt bath, ie, a martensite hardening can be carried out.
  • the invention is based on the invention of designing a heat treatment of steel workpieces such that a thermodynamically stable structure is formed in the treated workpieces and the workpieces withstand high mechanical stresses over a long period of time.
  • the workpieces are subjected to a thermochemical diffusion process. Furthermore, the workpieces are exposed to at least one annealing treatment, which extends over a period of up to 120 seconds and is carried out at an annealing temperature which is at least 1000 0 C and reaches at most tightly below the melting point of the workpieces. In addition, the workpieces are hardened or bainitized.
  • the invention has the advantage that the accordingly treated workpieces have a very ' long life. In particular, they have a homogeneous microstructure that is thermodynamically more stable than without this treatment.
  • the surface layer of the workpieces contains very fine carbides in a uniform distribution, so that Voltage peaks can be reduced, which can occur on coarse, larger carbides. Due to the short annealing time, the heat treatment according to the invention is very economical.
  • thermochemical diffusion process and the annealing treatment before the actual curing and the thermochemical diffusion process are preferably carried out before the annealing.
  • the thermochemical diffusion method not only the carbides present in the starting material but also the carbides, carbonitrides or nitrides formed during the thermochemical diffusion process are uniformly distributed in the surface layer of the workpieces and their number significantly increased. This in turn leads to a reduction of local stress peaks and to a more homogeneous distribution of these structural constituents.
  • the thermochemical diffusion method is, for example, carburizing, carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing, nitriding or a combination of these methods. Other diffusion methods or diffusing elements are also possible.
  • the annealing treatment can be composed of a heating phase and a holding phase, wherein the workpieces are heated in the warming phase, so that they reach the annealing temperature at least in some areas and are annealed in the holding phase between 0.5 seconds and 100 seconds at the annealing temperature. This process can be repeated several times.
  • the workpieces are preferably heated by means of electromagnetic induction or with the aid of a laser. As a result, a great deal of heat energy can be transferred to the workpieces per unit time, so that very short heating phases can be realized. In particular, the workpieces are each only in their Edge zones annealed.
  • thermochemically treated parts or bainitization In the context of the heat treatment according to the invention, it is optionally possible to carry out curing of the thermochemically treated parts or bainitization. Hardening enables relatively short process times and low energy consumption. By bainitizing the workpieces can be given a particularly high toughness, so that they withstand large Wälzbelastept over a long period.
  • the workpieces are preferably made of bearing steel, in particular according to DIN EN ISO 683-17.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention can be used, for example, for workpieces which are designed as rolling bearing components, in particular as rolling bearing rings.
  • Rolling elements z. B. are designed as rollers or balls, but can also be treated.
  • the figure shows a schematic temperature-time diagram for illustrating a first embodiment of the heat treatment according to the invention.
  • On the abscissa is the time, plotted on the ordinate the workpiece temperature.
  • the workpieces in which the heat treatment is carried out consist of a bearing steel according to the standard DIN EN ISO 683-17, in particular of a hardening, low-alloy bearing steel.
  • the temperature profile exemplified in the figure refers to the heat treatment of workpieces made of a steel with the designation lOOCr ⁇ .
  • This steel contains, by mass, 0.93 to 1.05% carbon, 1.35 to 1.60% chromium, 0.25 to 0.45% manganese, 0.15 to 0.35% silicon and bis to 0.1% molybdenum.
  • the maximum phosphorus content is 0.025%, the maximum sulfur content 0.015%.
  • due to the production still small amounts of other elements may be included.
  • the workpieces are subjected to a mechanical soft machining, by which the workpieces are brought into a desired shape. This form can still deviate from the final shape of the workpieces by additions for further mechanical processing after the heat treatment.
  • the heat treatment begins with the workpieces being heated to a temperature intended for carrying out a thermochemical diffusion process.
  • the height of the temperature depends on the type of thermochemical diffusion process.
  • a carburizing or carbonitriding which in the figure with C / CN at significantly higher temperatures than nitrocarburizing or nitriding, which is designated in the figure as NC / N.
  • NC / N nitrocarburizing or nitriding
  • the workpieces are usually kept constant for a given time at the respective intended temperature. During this time, for example, carbides, carbonitrides or nitrides are formed in the surface layer of the workpieces. After the specified time, the workpieces are cooled to room temperature.
  • the annealing temperature is at least about 1000 0 C. Preferably come annealing temperatures from 1000 to 1200 0 C for use. In the diagram shown, the annealing temperature is 1100 0 C.
  • the Anicaraiphase lasts a maximum of 20 seconds.
  • the annealing temperature is usually achieved only in the edge zones of the workpieces.
  • the heating can be carried out in particular by electromagnetic induction, for example at a frequency of about 0.1 to 0.3 MHz or by means of a laser.
  • the workpieces are held at the annealing temperature.
  • the holding phase lasts about 0.5 to 100 seconds. In order to keep unwanted effects such as grain growth, scaling and decarburization within a reasonable range, the holding phase should be as short as possible. It is also possible, this annealing under a protective gas atmosphere, for. B. under nitrogen, perform.
  • the annealing produces a very fine edge structure in the workpieces.
  • the workpieces are cooled in air or at least to T ⁇ 550 ° C. under nitrogen, for example to room temperature. Thereafter, the workpieces are brought to Austenitmaschinestemperatur, which is typically about 820 to 900 0 C and held during a austenitizing period at this temperature. The previous annealing allows a relatively short duration of austenitizing because the partial dissolution of the carbides present is faster due to their fineness. In the illustrated embodiment, the Austenitmaschinesdauer is about 20 minutes. Then the workpieces are quenched, for example in a salt bath, so that hardening takes place.
  • the workpieces are tempered with the workpieces heated to a tempering temperature and held for a predetermined time. Finally, the workpieces are cooled back to room temperature.
  • the tempering can also be done in the manner described in DE 407 487 C2.
  • bainitization may be performed instead of curing.
  • the workpieces are quenched to a temperature just above the martensite starting point and kept at this temperature for a period of time, typically a few hours, until a sufficient transformation of the austenite into bainite has taken place.
  • the bainitization is carried out at a temperature of about 220 to 250 0 C.
  • internal compressive stresses are generated in the workpieces and thereby improving the durability of the workpieces even under high loads.
  • the toughness of the workpieces is improved compared to hardening.
  • the mixture is cooled to room temperature.
  • a partial Bainitumwandlung, as described in DE 198 49 681 C 1, is also advantageously possible.
  • thermochemical diffusion method As an alternative to the sequence shown in the figure, it is also possible to carry out the annealing before the thermochemical diffusion method.
  • This is a second embodiment of the heat treatment according to the invention.
  • the treated workpieces agree with respect to the material and the previous processing with the first embodiment and also the individual treatment steps that make up the heat treatment are each carried out in an analogous manner. However, these treatment steps are performed in a changed order. This manifests itself already in the first treatment step, which consists in the second embodiment that the workpieces are annealed.
  • thermochemical diffusion process After annealing and subsequent cooling of the workpieces, the thermochemical diffusion process is carried out. Since the thermochemical diffusion process is performed only after annealing, only the carbides already present in the starting material are partially dissolved and finely divided during annealing. The resulting in the thermochemical diffusion process, for example, carbides, carbonitrides or nitrides are not distributed as finely as is the case in the first embodiment of the heat treatment according to the invention.
  • the workpieces After the thermochemical diffusion process, the workpieces are cooled again and it then follows Austenitizing followed by hardening, bainitizing or partial bainitic ZMartens Zealandmaschinetung. After hardening, the workpieces are tempered. Even after the partial bainitizing a tempering can be performed.
  • the workpieces treated in this way differ from workpieces which have been treated according to the first exemplary embodiment of the process according to the invention, in particular with regard to the size and distribution of the carbonitrides or nitrides and also of the carbides, provided they have been formed by the thermochemical diffusion process.
  • a finer and more homogeneous distribution is present in each case than in the second embodiment.
  • the workpieces which are subjected to the heat treatment according to the invention are, for example, rolling bearing components, in particular rolling bearing rings.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention can also be used in other workpieces.
  • other steels can be used instead of 100Cr6. Both higher alloyed through hardening steels and case hardening steels are suitable. It can also be used tempered steels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique de pièces en acier. Selon ce procédé, les pièces sont soumises à une diffusion thermochimique puis exposées à au moins un traitement de recuit sur une durée allant jusqu'à 120 secondes, à une température de recuit comprise entre au moins 1 000 °C et une température maximale située juste en dessous du point de fusion des pièces. Ces pièces sont ensuite durcies ou soumises à une trempe bainitique.
PCT/EP2005/008170 2004-07-30 2005-07-28 Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier WO2006013055A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004037067A DE102004037067B3 (de) 2004-07-30 2004-07-30 Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken aus Stahl
DE102004037067.2 2004-07-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006013055A1 true WO2006013055A1 (fr) 2006-02-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2005/008170 WO2006013055A1 (fr) 2004-07-30 2005-07-28 Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102004037067B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006013055A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2045339A1 (fr) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-08 Ab Skf Pièce soumise à une usure par roulement en acier endurci et méthode de traitement thermique

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005035837B4 (de) * 2005-07-30 2013-04-11 Ab Skf Wälzlagerung
US7481896B2 (en) * 2006-05-03 2009-01-27 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Torque transferring low carbon steel shafts with refined grain size
DE102006055028A1 (de) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Schaeffler Kg Radialwälzlager, insbesondere zur Lagerung von Wellen in Windkraftgetrieben
EP2337960A1 (fr) 2008-09-30 2011-06-29 Aktiebolaget SKF Dispositif de chauffage de paliers
DE102010062011B3 (de) 2010-11-26 2011-12-01 Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von hochfesten Eisenlegierungen
DE102015207111B3 (de) * 2015-04-20 2016-08-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen Behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten Stählen

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2023064A1 (de) * 1969-06-09 1970-12-23 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Teilen eines Lagers,insbesondere Kugellagers,vornehmlich des Innenringes desselben
SU1595924A1 (ru) * 1988-06-13 1990-09-30 Таганрогский радиотехнический институт им.В.Д.Калмыкова Способ термической обработки стальных изделий
EP0999287A1 (fr) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-10 Skf Gmbh Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces en acier et l'utilisation des pièces obtenues
WO2000077265A1 (fr) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-21 Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture
EP1462669A2 (fr) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-29 Ntn Corporation Palier à roulement

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AT140838B (de) * 1932-02-18 1935-02-25 Vormals Skodawerke Ag Verfahren zur Oberflächenhärtung austenitischer Stähle oder Legierungen.
DE4007487A1 (de) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-12 Skf Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von maschinenelementen aus stahl
DE4330779A1 (de) * 1993-09-10 1995-03-16 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Gleichlaufgelenk mit einem Käfig mit kohlenstoffreichen aufgekohlten Schichten
DE19849681C1 (de) * 1998-10-28 2000-01-05 Skf Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Bauteilen aus Stahl oder Gußeisen

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2023064A1 (de) * 1969-06-09 1970-12-23 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Teilen eines Lagers,insbesondere Kugellagers,vornehmlich des Innenringes desselben
SU1595924A1 (ru) * 1988-06-13 1990-09-30 Таганрогский радиотехнический институт им.В.Д.Калмыкова Способ термической обработки стальных изделий
EP0999287A1 (fr) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-10 Skf Gmbh Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces en acier et l'utilisation des pièces obtenues
WO2000077265A1 (fr) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-21 Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture
EP1462669A2 (fr) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-29 Ntn Corporation Palier à roulement

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
ASTAPCHIK S A ET AL: "STRUCTURAL AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN STEELS AND ALLOYS IN LASER HEAT TREATMENT", METAL SCIENCE AND HEAT TREATMENT, CONSULTANTS BUREAU, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 33, no. 1 / 2, January 1991 (1991-01-01), pages 87 - 93, XP000261882, ISSN: 0026-0673 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199123, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M24, AN 1991-170100, XP002345794 *
SHUL'GA A A: "ELECTRON-BEAM TREATMENT OF BEARING STEELS", METAL SCIENCE AND HEAT TREATMENT, CONSULTANTS BUREAU, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 34, no. 7 / 8, 1 July 1992 (1992-07-01), pages 446 - 451, XP000338623, ISSN: 0026-0673 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2045339A1 (fr) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-08 Ab Skf Pièce soumise à une usure par roulement en acier endurci et méthode de traitement thermique
JP2009079294A (ja) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-16 Skf Ab 転がり負荷用に形成された、コアゾーンまで硬化する鋼からなる工作物および熱処理する方法

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