WO2006006222A1 - システム全体の電力消費の変動が小さくなる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 - Google Patents
システム全体の電力消費の変動が小さくなる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006006222A1 WO2006006222A1 PCT/JP2004/009855 JP2004009855W WO2006006222A1 WO 2006006222 A1 WO2006006222 A1 WO 2006006222A1 JP 2004009855 W JP2004009855 W JP 2004009855W WO 2006006222 A1 WO2006006222 A1 WO 2006006222A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- fuel cell
- control unit
- load
- power consumption
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system control method, and a building in which fluctuations in power consumption of the entire system are reduced.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that increases the power consumption of a power load on the condition that the load control unit receives a permission notice from the fuel cell control unit that the power consumption can be increased.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system control method and a building.
- a load device that operates using electric power supplied from an electric power system may fluctuate power consumption in a time of about 10 milliseconds.
- a time of about 10 milliseconds In order to fluctuate the amount of power generated by the fuel cell, generally several hundred milliseconds are required.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2003-199254 A
- a fuel cell consumes power consumed by a load device before the load device consumes power.
- the power could not be generated in advance.
- the load equipment may stop operating or may malfunction.
- it is not preferable to generate sufficient power with respect to the demand power in advance by the fuel cell because it is wasteful.
- the load device may stop operating or may malfunction.
- the fuel cell system increases the power consumption of the fuel cell, the power load operated by the power generated by the fuel cell, and the power load.
- the power control unit transmits power request information in advance, and when the request information is received from the request control unit, the fuel cell can supply more power to the power load.
- the power consumption of the power load on condition that the permission notification indicating that the power consumption may be increased is received from the fuel cell control unit and the fuel cell control unit that transmit the permission notification indicating that the power consumption may be increased.
- a load control unit that increases the fuel cell control unit, when the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be made higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency, transmits a permission notice to the load control unit.
- the request control unit transmits power request information in advance when it is necessary to increase the power consumption of the power load, it is necessary to increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell in advance before increasing the power consumption. Can do.
- the load control unit increases the power consumption of the power load on the condition that the fuel cell control unit has received a permission notice indicating that the power consumption can be increased. Become.
- the fuel cell control unit permits the load control unit when the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be made higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency. Since the notification of permission is transmitted, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be kept high.
- the fuel cell control unit notifies the load control unit of an allowable increase in power consumption.
- the load control unit increases the power consumption within an allowable range received from the fuel cell control unit. For this reason, even when the amount of power generation that the fuel cell can increase is small, the power and amount of power generation can be used effectively.
- the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment further includes an operation mode table indicating the power consumption of the power load according to the operation mode of the power load.
- the amount of power consumption that needs to be increased compared to the power consumption is determined with reference to the operation mode table, and the required increase amount is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit.
- the amount of power generated by the fuel cell can be increased in advance by the amount of power consumption required by the power load.
- the load control unit determines, using the operation mode table, an operation mode that can be changed within the allowable power consumption range, and changes to the operation mode. Therefore, the most preferable operation mode can be selected within the allowable power range.
- a plurality of fuel cells are provided.
- the fuel cell control unit is provided for each fuel cell, and each fuel cell control unit transmits a permission notice to the load control unit.
- the request control unit transmits power request information for requesting power to each of the plurality of fuel cell control units. For this reason, permission notification can be created only by determining whether or not each fuel cell has power generation capacity. This makes it possible to respond at high speed.
- the fuel cell control unit needs to reduce the number of fuel cells to be driven in order to maintain the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency, the power consumption of the power load
- An instruction to reduce the power consumption is given to the load control unit that reduces the power consumption.
- the fuel cell control unit stores the priority of each of the plurality of power loads in advance, and when request information is received from the request control unit of the power load having a higher priority, the priority of the power load having a lower priority is stored. Instructs the load control unit to reduce power consumption.
- the load control unit needs to make a transition in order to reduce the power consumption by the required power.
- the operation mode to be determined is determined with reference to the operation mode table, and the operation mode is changed. For this reason, even when the power is insufficient, the power S can be reduced without stopping completely.
- a fuel cell system control method includes a request control step of transmitting power request information in advance when it is necessary to increase the power consumption of a power load operated by the power generated by the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell transmits a permission notice indicating that the power consumption may be increased on condition that the fuel cell can further supply power to the power load.
- a control step a load control step for increasing the power consumption of the power load on the condition that the permission notification that the power consumption can be increased is received from the fuel cell control unit, and a power load operation mode.
- a building includes a fuel cell, a power load that operates on the power generated by the fuel cell, and a power request information in advance when the power consumption of the power load needs to be increased.
- a request control unit that sends a request, and a permission that indicates that the power consumption may be increased on condition that the fuel cell can further supply power to the power load when request information is received from the request control unit
- a fuel cell control unit for transmitting the notification, a load control unit for increasing the power consumption of the power load on condition that a permission notification indicating that the power consumption may be increased is received from the fuel cell control unit, and a power load
- the load control unit includes an operation mode table indicating the power consumption of the power load according to the operation mode, and the load control unit determines the operation mode in which the transition can be made within the allowable power consumption range. Determining with a transition to the operation mode.
- the request control unit when the request control unit needs to increase the power consumption of the power load, transmits the power request information in advance.
- the amount of power generation can be increased.
- the load control unit increases the power consumption of the power load on the condition that the fuel cell control unit has received a permission notice indicating that the power consumption can be increased.
- the fuel cell control unit transmits a notification of permission to the load control unit when the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be made higher than the predetermined power generation efficiency, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is kept high. That power S.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a fuel cell system 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a heating device 48a.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power load 44a.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between generated power and power generation efficiency in a plurality of fuel cells 40.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram showing a communication sequence in which the power load 44 requests power.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when power request information is received.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of time development of generated power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram showing an example of a communication sequence when a reduction in power consumption is requested.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when a reduction in power consumption is requested.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the fuel cell system 30.
- FIG. 13 is a sequence diagram showing a communication sequence for requesting power.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when power request information is received.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when a selection notification is received. It is a chart.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the power generated by the fuel cell 40 and the power consumption consumed by the power load 44.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a consumption pattern of power consumed by the power load 44.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of time development of power consumed by the power load 44 and the storage battery.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power path.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a computer 500 that each of the fuel cell control unit 50, the request control unit 66, and the load control unit 58 has.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An object of the present embodiment is to provide a fuel cell system in which fluctuations in power consumption of the entire system are reduced.
- the fuel cell system 30 is collectively referred to as a plurality of residences (110a to 110c, hereinafter 110), for example.
- the apartment house may be one in which a plurality of houses 110 are provided in one building and each of a plurality of buildings provided in different areas is used as the house 110.
- Residence 110b and residence 110c have the same components as residence 110a. By identifying the constituents of the dwelling 110b and dwelling 110c with the symbols b and c at the end, the dwelling 110 is identified. That is, fuel The pond system 30 includes a plurality of fuel cells (40a-40c, hereinafter collectively referred to as 40), a plurality of power loads (44a-44c, hereinafter collectively referred to as 44), and a plurality of heating devices (48a-48c, hereinafter).
- a fuel cell control unit 50 is also provided.
- the fuel cell 40a is provided in the residence 110a and supplies power to the heating device 48a. Further, the fuel cell 40a is provided so as to be able to supply power to any power load 44. Therefore, when the fuel cell 40a generates power consumed by one power load 44, the fuel cell 40a also supplies power to the other plurality of power loads 44 even when the fuel cell 40a is in partial load operation. By generating power from 40a, it is possible to drive the fuel cell 40a with higher operating efficiency.
- the fuel cell 40a is, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC).
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- the fuel cell 40a reforms city gas, propane gas, etc. supplied to each residence to generate hydrogen gas as fuel, and also uses hydrogen gas supplied from the outside as fuel. It can be anything.
- the fuel cell 40a includes a battery.
- the fuel cell 40a can be used as a power source for causing the fuel cell system 30 to function in an emergency, and can also be used as a power source for starting up the fuel cell system 30. May be.
- the main hot water storage tank 42a stores hot water heated by heat generated in the fuel cell 40a and hot water heated by the heating device 48a. In addition, the main hot water tank 42a heats the heat load 54a. Supply.
- the sub hot water tank 52 stores hot water heated by the heating device 48d, and supplies hot water to a hot water facility different from the hot water facility to which the main hot water tank 42a supplies hot water.
- the home determination unit 62a determines whether or not the user is at home.
- the home determination unit 62a detects, for example, the lock information of the lock provided on the door of the residence 110a, and determines that the home is not home when locked from the outside of the residence 110a. If you are locked from, stay home. Further, the home determination unit 62a may detect whether or not the user is at home by detecting the amount of fluctuation in power consumption or heat consumption. For example, the user may be at home when the amount of fluctuation in power consumption is greater than a predetermined reference amount, and may be out of home when the amount of fluctuation in power consumption is less than or equal to a predetermined reference amount.
- the home determination unit 62a may include an infrared sensor and determine whether or not the user is at home by detecting infrared energy emitted from the human body.
- the infrared sensor may be a pyroelectric infrared sensor, for example.
- the hot water supply history management unit 60a manages the consumption of hot water and the history of the amount of hot water produced by the fuel cell 40a.
- the hot water supply history management unit 60a detects the amount of hot water supplied from the main hot water tank 42a as the consumption amount of hot water. Further, the hot water supply history management unit 60a detects the amount of hot water supplied to the main hot water tank 42a as the amount of hot water produced by the fuel cell 40a and the heating device 48a.
- the day is divided into hourly time zones, and the consumption of hot water and the history of the amount of hot water produced in each time zone are managed.
- the hot water supply history management unit 60a may manage the amount and temperature of hot water as the consumption of hot water and the production of hot water by the fuel cell 40a and the heating device 48a. That is, the hot water consumption is detected by multiplying the hot water temperature of the main hot water tank 42a by the supply water temperature and the volume of the hot water supplied from the main hot water tank 42a.
- the temperature of the hot water supplied from the fuel cell 40a to the main hot water tank 42a is subtracted from the temperature before the fuel cell 40a is cooled by the cooling water supplied to the fuel cell 40a.
- the product of the volume of hot water supplied to the main hot water tank 42a may be detected as the amount of hot water produced by the fuel cell 40a.
- the temperature of the hot water supplied from the heating device 48a to the main hot water tank 42a is subtracted from the temperature of the hot water supplied to the heating device 48a before being heated. Multiplying the volume of hot water supplied to the It may be detected as the amount of hot water produced by device 48a.
- the hot water supply history management unit 60a also uses hot water consumption and production when the home determination unit 62a determines that the person is at home, and hot water consumption when it is determined that the person is not at home. And the production volume history are managed respectively.
- the power load 44a is operated by the power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the power load 44a requests power from the fuel cell control unit 50 in advance before consuming power.
- 50 increases the power generated by the fuel cell 40 in advance when power is requested from the power load 44a.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the heating device 48a.
- the heating device 48a warms water using surplus power generated by the fuel cell 4 Oa.
- the heating device 48a is a heat pump 46a that heats water by transferring external heat to water. Since the heat pump 46a warms the water by transferring the external heat quantity to the water, it can supply a large amount of heat with a small amount of electric power.
- the ratio of heat demand to electric power demand is larger than the ratio of the amount of heat produced by the fuel cell 40a to the power generated by the fuel cell 40a, the heat pump 46a is driven by using surplus power to efficiently generate heat. Can supply. For this reason, it is possible to appropriately balance the demand for electricity and the demand for heat.
- the heating device 48b of the residence 110b and the heating device 48c of the residence 110c have the same components as the heating device 48a. That is, the heating device 48b and the heating device 48c have a heat pump 46b and a heat pump 46c, respectively. In addition, the operation of the heat pump 46b and the heat pump 46c is the same as that of the heat pump 46a, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the power load 44a.
- the power load 44a includes a load unit 64a, an operation mode table 56a, a load control unit 58a, and a request control unit 66a. Further, the power load 44b of the residence 110b and the power load 44c of the residence 110c have the same components as the power load 44a. B at the end of the sign of each component of the power load 44b, The component of the power load 44 is identified by adding c to the end of the sign of each component of the power load 44c.
- the operation of each component of the power load 44a will be described below.
- the load unit 64a consumes power supplied from the fuel cell 40.
- the operation mode table 56a indicates the power consumption of the power load 44a according to the operation mode of the power load 44a.
- the operation mode table 56a stores the power consumption information in association with the operation mode information. For example, when the power load 44a is a cooling device and has operation modes of rapid cooling and normal cooling, the power consumption required to operate in each operation mode corresponding to each operation mode of rapid cooling and normal cooling Is stored in the operation mode table 56a.
- the request control unit 66a transmits power request information to the fuel cell control unit 50 in advance when it is necessary to increase the power consumption of the power load 44a. At this time, the power consumption that needs to be increased is determined with reference to the operation mode table 56a, and the required increase amount is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50 as power request information. Further, the request control unit 66a transmits period information indicating a period for requesting power and time limit information indicating a time limit for starting power consumption to the fuel cell control unit 50 as power request information. At this time, the request control unit 66a may determine the period information and the time limit information based on an instruction or the like by a user who uses the power load 44a.
- the request control unit 66a determines the power consumption to be increased, the time limit for starting power consumption, and the period for power consumption based on the target temperature, the target time, and the current temperature instructed by the user. Each is calculated and transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50 as power consumption, time limit information, and period information of the power request information.
- the load control unit 58a When the load control unit 58a receives the permission notification from the fuel cell control unit 50, the load control unit 58a increases the power consumption of the power load 44a within the allowable range. At this time, the load control unit 58a uses the operation mode tape 56a to determine an operation mode that can be changed within the allowable power consumption range, and controls the load unit 64a to enter the operation mode. Transition.
- the load control unit 58a, the request control unit 66a, and the fuel cell control unit 50 are connected by a communication network such as an Ethernet (registered trademark). Another method is load control.
- the data communication signal between the unit 58a, the request control unit 66a, and the fuel cell control unit 50 may be modulated to a frequency sufficiently higher than the frequency of the power source and superimposed on the power line.
- each component of the power load 44a has been described above, but each component of the power load 44b and the power load 44b operates in the same manner as each component of the power load 44a. To do.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 when the fuel cell control unit 50 receives the request control unit 66 force request information, if the power can be supplied, the allowable power consumption can be increased. The increase amount is notified to the load control unit 58 as a permission notification. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice to the load control unit 58 when the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 40 can be made higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the generated power and the power generation efficiency in the plurality of fuel cells 40.
- the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 40 depends on the power generated by the fuel cell 40. For this reason, even in a system in which a plurality of fuel cells 40 are connected, the overall power generation efficiency depends on the generated power as shown in FIG. In a system in which a plurality of fuel cells 40 are connected, when the reference efficiency that is the lower limit of the overall power generation efficiency is determined, the range of the total amount of power that the fuel cell 40 should generate is determined.
- the total power generated by the fuel cell 40 is between the first lower limit power (P1) and the first upper limit power (P2), between the second lower limit power (P3) and the second upper limit power (P4), Or, if the difference is between the third lower limit power (P5) and the third upper limit power (P6), the power generation efficiency is equal to or higher than the reference efficiency.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 controls the power generation amount of the plurality of fuel cells 40 so that the total power generated by the plurality of fuel cells 40 falls within a predetermined power range.
- the overall power generation efficiency can be made to be equal to or higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 is the case where the required power is below the maximum generated power that can be generated by the fuel cell 40, and the power generated by the fuel cell 40 when the required power is generated.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice to the load control unit 58 when the total amount is within a range of power that is equal to or higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram showing a communication sequence in which the power load 44 requests power.
- the request control unit 66b is required to increase the power consumption when it is necessary to increase the power consumption of the power load 44b.
- the request information is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50 (S200).
- the fuel cell control unit 50 makes a request determination based on the power request information from the request control unit 66b (S202). If it is determined in S202 that the output of the fuel cell 40b needs to be increased, the output of the fuel cell 40b is increased (S204). When the output of the fuel cell 40b increases and the preparation for supplying the requested power is completed (S206), a permission notification indicating that the power consumption may be increased is transmitted to the load control unit 58b (S208). When the load control unit 58b receives the permission notification, the load control unit 58b controls the load unit 64b to consume the power amount within the permitted range, so that the power load 44b starts power consumption (S209).
- the request control unit 66a transmits the power request information to the fuel cell control unit 50 (S210).
- the fuel cell control unit 50 makes a request determination based on the power request information from the request control unit 66a (S212). If it is determined in S212 that the fuel cell 40a needs to be activated, the fuel cell 40a is activated (S214). When the fuel cell 40a is activated and ready to supply the requested power (S216), a permission notice indicating that the power consumption may be increased is transmitted to the load control unit 58a (S218).
- the load control unit 58a receives the permission notification, the load control unit 58a controls the load unit 64a to consume the power amount within the allowable range, so that the power load 44a starts power consumption (S219).
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when the power request information is received. Based on the request information from the request control unit 66, the fuel cell control unit 50 determines whether or not power can be supplied for a specified period (S230). If power can be supplied, a permission notice is transmitted to the load control unit 58 (S234), and the process ends.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 determines whether the power load 44 can be tolerated even if the power is less than the requested power. For example, the request control unit 66 transmits information indicating whether or not the power load 44 can operate with lower power than the requested power to the fuel cell control unit 50 together with the requested power as power request information. The request control unit 66 may transmit the lower limit power at which the power load 44 can operate with reference to the operation mode table 56 to the fuel cell control unit 50 as power request information together with the requested power. Accordingly, the fuel cell control unit 50 determines whether or not the power load 44 can be tolerated even if the power is less than the requested power.
- S240 if the power load 44 cannot tolerate less power than the requested power, the processing of S236 is performed.
- a permission notification indicating a conditional determination result, or a conditional permission notification. Is transmitted to the load control unit 58, and the process is terminated.
- the permission notice indicating the conditional judgment result transmitted in S238 may include information indicating the time when the fuel cell 40 can supply power and the amount of power.
- a permission notice indicating a conditional judgment result can start the supply of power when the fuel cell 40 supplies the requested power while generating with generated power that is higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency. It may also include the amount of power that can be supplied at the present time or before the deadline.
- conditional permission notice transmitted in S238 may include information indicating the amount of power when the fuel cell 40 can supply power.
- the conditional permission notice when the fuel cell 40 is started in S236 includes the time when the requested power can be supplied, and also includes the amount of power that can be supplied at the present time or before the deadline. It may be a thing.
- a permission notice indicating a conditional determination result or a conditional permission is obtained in S242.
- a notification of permission is transmitted to the load control unit 58, and the process is terminated.
- the permission notification indicating the conditional determination result transmitted in S242 may include information indicating the time when the fuel cell 40 can supply power and the amount of power.
- the permission notice indicating the conditional determination result indicates that the time when the fuel cell 40 can start supplying power when supplying the requested power while generating power with the generated power that is higher than the predetermined power generation efficiency.
- the fuel cell 40 may include an amount of power that can be supplied by the present time or before the deadline while generating power with generated power that is higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency.
- the conditional permission notice transmitted in S242 may include information indicating the amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40.
- the conditional permission notice may include the amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 with a power generation power that is higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency and can be supplied by the present time or by the deadline.
- the load control unit 58 When the load control unit 58 receives a permission notification indicating a conditional determination result or a conditional permission notification from the fuel cell control unit 50, the load control unit 58 is permitted to be notified by the permission notification.
- the operation mode that can be changed within the power range may be judged from the operation mode table 56 and may be changed to the operation mode. Further, the load control unit 58 may control the load unit 64 to start power consumption at a designated time based on the time when the power can be received, which is notified by the permission notification.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50.
- state information state information, time information, time limit information, period information, and power information related to the power load 44 are stored in association with the power load 44.
- state information either the request or consumption state indicating the power consumption state of the power load 44 is stored.
- the time information stores the time when power supply to the power load 44 is started or the time when power is requested from the power load 44.
- a time limit for starting power consumption when power is requested from the power load 44 is stored.
- the period information stores the period during which the power load 44 consumes power.
- the power information stores the power consumed by the power load 44.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the horizontal axis shows the time, and the vertical axis shows the total power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- Power load 44 When it is necessary to increase the power consumption, the request control unit 66 transmits request information indicating that power is consumed to the fuel cell control unit 50 at a time (tO) earlier than the time when the power consumption is increased.
- the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 uses the time limit for starting power consumption (time tl), the period during which power is consumed (a period obtained by subtracting the time t2 and time tl), and the power to be increased as fuel information as request information. It is transmitted to the battery control unit 50.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 is designated for the designated period (time 2 minus the time tl) by the designated time limit (time tl).
- the power generated by the fuel cell 40 is increased so that power can be supplied.
- the request control unit 66 when the request control unit 66 needs to increase the power consumption of the power load 44, power request information is transmitted in advance. Before the power consumption is increased, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 can be increased in advance. Further, the request control unit 66 determines the amount of power consumption that needs to be increased compared to the current power consumption when attempting to change the operation mode with reference to the operation mode table 56, and increases the power consumption. Since the required amount is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 can be increased in advance by the amount of power consumption required by the power load 44.
- the request control unit 66 transmits period information indicating a period for requesting power to the fuel cell control unit 50, the time when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases after the power consumption of the power load 44 increases is determined. Can know in advance. For this reason, it is possible to appropriately determine whether or not the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 should be increased or decreased.
- the load control unit 58 increases the power consumption of the power load 44 on condition that the fuel cell control unit 50 has received a permission notice indicating that the power consumption may be increased. The fluctuation of power consumption becomes smaller. For this reason, even a relatively small fuel cell 40 can stably supply electric power. In addition, since the load control unit 58 increases the power consumption within the allowable range received from the fuel cell control unit 50, even if the amount of power generation that the fuel cell 40 can increase is small, Such power generation can be used effectively. Further, the load control unit 58 uses the operation mode table 56 to determine an operation mode that can be changed within the allowable power consumption range, and at this time, the operation mode is changed to an operable operation mode. Is most preferable within the range of power An operation mode can be selected.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 should increase the power consumption of the other power load 44 at the timing when the power consumption of one power load 44 decreases.
- a permission notice is transmitted to the load control unit 58 of the power load 44 of the system.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 may receive a notification that the power consumption will decrease from the request control unit 66 in advance, and may increase the power consumption of the other power load 44 when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 detects that the power consumption of the power load 44 has decreased by decreasing the output voltage or output current, and in that case A permission notice may be sent.
- fluctuations in power consumption of the entire system can be reduced. For this reason, fluctuations in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40 are reduced, and as a result, energy loss that occurs when the amount of power generated is changed can be reduced. Further, the fuel cell 40 can be continuously driven with high efficiency.
- the power consumption may change in a time of about 10 milliseconds.
- a time of about several hundred milliseconds is required to vary the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40. Therefore, if the generated power of the fuel cell 40 is varied, the power generated until the generated power value of the fuel cell 40 reaches the demand power value is wasted.
- the power generated by the fuel cell 40 is increased in order to cope with the increase in power consumption of the power load 44, the power generated by the fuel cell 40 does not reach the power required by the power load 44. Since the power load 44 cannot effectively consume the power, the power generated by the fuel cell 40 during that time is wasted.
- the power generated by the fuel cell 40 is reduced to cope with the reduction in the power consumption of the power load 44, the power generated by the fuel cell 40 is generated until the reduced power consumption is reached. The power consumed is wasted without being consumed.
- the temperature of the reformer is increased before the fuel cell 40 having the reformer is started from a stopped state. Energy is needed. Therefore, if the fluctuation in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40 is large, energy is wasted.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 calculates in advance the time when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases, and may increase the power consumption at this time. Is transmitted to the load control unit 58 of the other power load 44. Further, when the fuel cell control unit 50 receives the power request information and the period information from the plurality of request control units 66, the power load 44 increases the power consumption so that the fluctuation of the output power is reduced. The timing is scheduled, and a permission notice is transmitted to the load control unit 58 so that each power load 44 increases the power consumption at the scheduled timing. At this time, the fuel cell control unit 50 notifies the load control unit 58 of information indicating a time when power can be supplied to the power load 44.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 determines the amount of power consumed by the power load 44, the start time of power consumption, and the power consumption period based on the power request information received from the request control unit 66. Manage in association with 44. As a result, the time when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases can be calculated in advance, so that the fuel cell control unit 50 can increase the power consumption of the power load 44 so as to reduce the fluctuation of the output power. Can be scheduled. Information indicating the time to start the power consumption is transmitted to the load control unit 58 together with the permission notification so that each power load 44 increases the power consumption at the scheduled timing.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 can control the load S to consume power continuously. For this reason, fluctuations in power consumption of the entire fuel cell system 30 are reduced. In addition, since the load whose power consumption approximates can be operated continuously, the fluctuation of the power consumption of the entire fuel cell system 30 is further reduced.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 consumes power using the heating device 48 and transmits water until the power consumption of the power load 44 increases after the permission notification is transmitted to the load control unit 58. Warm up.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 uses the heating device 48 to heat the water by heating the fuel cell 40 until it can actually supply power to the power load 44. Do it. As a result, even when the response of the power load 44 is slow, it is possible to prevent fluctuations in the power consumption of the entire fuel cell system 30 during that time.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 turns off the power load 44 in order to keep the total power consumption value smaller than the maximum power generation amount of the fuel cell 40.
- the load control unit 58 is instructed to reduce the power consumption.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 when it is determined in advance based on the request information from the power load 44 that the power consumption exceeds the maximum power generation amount, the fuel cell control unit 50 has the maximum power consumption. By requiring the power load 44 to reduce power consumption so as not to exceed the amount of power generation, the power supply system is kept stable.
- the load control unit 58 When the load control unit 58 receives an instruction to reduce power consumption from the fuel cell control unit 50, the load control unit 58 reduces power consumption. At this time, the load control unit 58 reduces the power consumption by the required power. In addition, the load control unit 58 determines an operation mode that needs to be changed in order to reduce the power consumption by the requested power with reference to the operation mode table 56, and makes a transition to the operation mode. As a result, even when power is insufficient, power consumption can be reduced without stopping completely. In this way, it is possible to appropriately prevent the peak value of the total power consumption from exceeding the maximum amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 includes the number of fuel cells 40 that are driven to maintain the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 40 higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency.
- the power control unit 58 instructs the load control unit 58 to reduce the power consumption.
- FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a communication sequence when a reduction in power consumption is requested.
- the request control unit 66b transmits power request information for increasing the power consumption of the power load 44b to the fuel cell control unit 50 (S250).
- the fuel cell control unit 50 makes a request determination based on the power request information from the request control unit 66b (S252). If it is determined in S252 that the power consumption of the power load 44a needs to be reduced, the load control unit 58a is instructed to reduce the power consumption of the power load 44a (S254). At this time, the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits information indicating the amount of power to be reduced to the load control unit 58a.
- the load control unit 58a When the load control unit 58a receives an instruction to reduce the power consumption from the fuel cell control unit 50, the load control unit 58a controls the load unit 64a to reduce the specified power consumption, thereby reducing the power consumption of the power load 44a. (S255). At this time, the load control unit 58a may refer to the operation mode table 56a, select an operation mode that can operate even when power consumption is reduced, and control the power load 44a to transition to the operation mode. When the power consumption of the power load 44a is reduced, and preparation for supplying the power required by the power load 44b is completed, the fuel cell control unit 50 performs load control to indicate that the power consumption may be increased. The data is transmitted to the unit 58b (S256). When receiving the permission notification, the load control unit 58b controls the load unit 64b, so that the power load 44b starts power consumption (S258).
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when a reduction in power consumption is requested.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 determines whether or not the maximum power generation amount is exceeded when the power requested by the request control unit 66b is supplied (S260). If the maximum power generation amount is exceeded, the load control unit 58a is instructed to reduce the power consumption of the power load 44a so as not to exceed the maximum power generation amount that should reduce the power consumption of the currently supplied power load 44a (S264). ). When the power consumption of the power load 44a decreases and the preparation for supplying the power required by the power load 44b is completed, a permission notice indicating that the power consumption may be increased is transmitted (S266).
- the maximum power generation amount is not exceeded when the power requested by the request control unit 66b is supplied in S260, it is determined whether the fuel cell 40 can be operated at an efficiency higher than a predetermined power generation efficiency. (S262). If the fuel cell 40 can be operated at an efficiency higher than the predetermined power generation efficiency, it is determined whether the fuel cell 40 is ready to supply power (S268). If the fuel cell 40 is ready to supply power, the process proceeds to S266. If the fuel cell 40 is not ready to supply power in S268, the process of S268 is executed until the preparation is completed. In S262, the power generation efficiency determined in advance If the fuel cell 40 cannot be operated with higher efficiency, the process proceeds to S264.
- the priority order of power load 44a and power load 44b is determined, and control is performed to instruct load control unit 58a to reduce power consumption when power load 44a has a low priority. Moyole. When the priority of the power load 44b is lower than that of the power load 44a, a non-permission notice may be transmitted to the power load 44b.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 reduces the power requested from the power load 44b to the power load 44a when power is requested from the power load 44b when the fuel cell 40 is operating at the maximum power generation amount.
- the power load 44b is controlled so that the reduced power is consumed.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 instructs to reduce the power consumption of the power load 44a having a low priority, and the reduced power is Control is performed so that the power load 44b having a higher priority is consumed.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 when the power consumption of the power load 44 increases faster than a predetermined speed, the fuel cell control unit 50 once consumes the load control units 58 of the other power loads 44. An instruction to lower the power is given, and then a part of the power load 44 is allowed to increase the power consumption again.
- the power consumption may change in a time of about 10 milliseconds, whereas the load responsiveness of the fuel cell 40 is generally several hundred milliseconds, so it cannot immediately respond to the power demand.
- the load control units 58 of the plurality of other power loads 44 to reduce the power consumption, the power consumption fluctuation speed is kept below a predetermined speed.
- the increase in power consumption is permitted again for the power load 44 instructed to reduce the power consumption.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 stores the priority of each of the plurality of power loads 44 in advance, and when the request information is received from the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 having a high priority, Instructs the load control unit 58 of the lower-priority power load 44 to reduce power consumption. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 determines each power consumption based on the required amount and period information of power consumption received from each request control unit 66 and the time when each power load 44 starts to increase power consumption. Power load 44 determines the amount of power currently consumed When new request information is received from the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 having a higher priority, a new request is obtained by reducing the power consumption of any power load 44 having a lower priority. It is determined whether power corresponding to the information can be supplied.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 manages the time when the increase in power consumption is started, the period during which power is consumed, and the amount of power consumption for a plurality of power loads 44 that are permitted to consume power. By doing so, it is possible to determine the amount of power consumed by the plurality of power loads 44 at an arbitrary time. Therefore, when new request information is received from the power load 44 with a higher priority, the power corresponding to the new request information is reduced by reducing the power consumption of any power load 44 with a lower priority. It can be determined whether it can be supplied.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the fuel cell system 30.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment except that the fuel cell control unit 50 is provided for each fuel cell 40. It has the same configuration as the form. That is, in the fuel cell system 30 of this embodiment, each residence 110 includes a fuel cell control unit (50a-50c, hereinafter collectively referred to as 50).
- the components used in the first embodiment are used for the components other than the fuel cell control unit 50.
- each component of each residence 110 excluding the fuel cell control unit 50 and the power load 44 is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the power load 44 of this embodiment requests power from all the fuel cell controllers 50 in advance before consuming power. At this time, the fuel cell control unit 50 notifies the power load 44 that power can be consumed when the power of the corresponding fuel cell 40 can be increased.
- the request control unit 66a transmits power request information for requesting power to all the fuel cell control units 50 when it is necessary to increase power consumption.
- the load control unit 58a increases the power consumption on condition that the total value of the power notified from the plurality of fuel cell control units 50 exceeds the required power. Further, when receiving the permission information from the fuel cell control unit 50, the load control unit 58a selects which fuel cell 40 power to receive, and the fuel cell control unit of one or more selected fuel cells 40. 5 Sends selection notification to 0. At this time, the load control unit 58a includes one or more fuel cells 40 Select one or more fuel cells 40 to receive power so that the total power received from the battery matches the required power. At that time, the load control unit 58a selects the one or more fuel cells 40 to receive power as the first selection requirement, and receives the power at the earliest time. The second selection requirement may be used. In addition, the load control unit 58a determines the magnitude of power received from each selected fuel cell 40, and notifies the selected magnitude of power to the fuel cell control unit 50 of each selected fuel cell 40.
- each component of the power load 44a has been described above, but the operation of each component of the power load 44b and the power load 44c is the same as the operation of each component of the power load 44a. Is omitted.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 in the present embodiment further increases the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 on condition that the selection notification is received from the load control unit 58a. At this time, the fuel cell control unit 50 increases the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 by the magnitude of the power notified from the load control unit 58a. Therefore, since the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 can be increased by the minimum amount required by the power load 44, the fuel cell 40 can be operated efficiently. Further, according to the present embodiment, the power load 44 can operate even when the power consumption increased by the power load 44 cannot be covered by a single fuel cell 40. Further, a minimum amount of power can be generated in advance in each fuel cell 40.
- FIG. 13 is a sequence diagram showing a communication sequence for requesting power.
- the request control unit 66a starts power consumption that needs to be increased, period information indicating a period for requesting power, and consumption to the fuel cell control unit 50a, the fuel cell control unit 50b, and the fuel cell control unit 50c.
- Time limit information indicating the time limit is transmitted as power request information (S300).
- the fuel cell control unit 50a makes a request determination based on the received power request information (S302), and when the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40a can be increased, the load control unit 58a is notified of permission. Is transmitted (S306). Similarly, the fuel cell control unit 50b also makes a request determination based on the received power request information (S303), and when the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40b can be increased, notifies the load control unit 58a of permission. Send (S308). Fuel cell controller 5 Oc makes a request determination based on the received power request information (S304), and cannot increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40c.
- the load control unit 58a selects which fuel cell 40 to receive power from, and determines the magnitude of power received from each selected fuel cell 40 (S310).
- the load control unit 58a transmits a selection notification to the selected fuel cell control unit 50a (S312), and transmits a cancellation notification to the unselected fuel cell control unit 50b (S314).
- the fuel cell control unit 50a that has received the selection notification performs a selection process based on the selection notification.
- the fuel cell control unit 50b that has received the cancellation notification performs a cancellation process based on the cancellation notification (S318).
- the fuel cell control unit 50a that has received the selection notification supplies power based on the selection notification (S320).
- the load control unit 58a detects that power is supplied, the load control unit 58a controls the load unit 64a to start power consumption (S322).
- the first selection requirement is to receive power from the smallest number of fuel cells 40, and the power control unit 58 receives power earliest. Is the second selection requirement.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50.
- (A) shows a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50a
- (b) shows a management table managed by the fuel cell control unit 50b.
- state information, time information, time limit information, period information, and power information regarding the power load 44 are stored in association with the power load 44.
- state information either a request or consumption state indicating the power consumption state of the power load 44 is stored.
- the time information stores the time when power supply to the power load 44 is started or the time when power is requested from the power load 44.
- the time limit information stores a time limit for starting power consumption when power is requested from the power load 44.
- the period information stores a period during which the power load 44 consumes power. In the power information, the power consumed by the power load 44 is stored.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 can determine the amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 at an arbitrary time.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when power request information is received.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 receives power request information from the request control unit 66. Based on the information, it is determined whether or not power can be supplied before the designated time limit (S340). If power can be supplied, the time limit for starting power supply, the period for supplying power, the power that can be supplied are stored in the management table (S342), and a permission notice is sent to the load control unit 58 (S344). The process is terminated. If power cannot be supplied in S340, the process ends.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing details of the operation of the fuel cell control unit 50 when a selection notification is received.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 determines whether or not a selection notification has been received (S350). When the selection notification is received, preparation for supplying power is started (S352). Next, it is determined whether or not preparation for supplying power is completed (S354). When preparation for supplying power is completed, power is supplied (S356). If preparation for supplying power is not completed in S354, the determination in S354 is repeated until preparation for supplying power is completed.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 deletes the corresponding power request information from the management table (S360), and ends the process.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40 and the power consumption consumed by the power load 44.
- (A) shows an example of the power consumed by the power load 44b and the power load 44a among the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40a
- (b) shows the generated power generated by the fuel cell 40b.
- An example of the power consumed by the power load 44c is shown.
- the fuel cell control unit 50a Based on the request information from the request control unit 66a, the fuel cell control unit 50a notifies the load control unit 58a of the power that can be consumed by the power load 44a and the time when the consumption can be started (time t2) as a permission notification. (Time tO).
- the fuel cell control unit 50b also notifies the load control unit 58a of the power that can be consumed by the power load 44a and the time when the consumption can be started (time tl) based on the request information from the request control unit 66a. Time tO).
- the load control unit 58a receives the permission notification from the fuel cell 40a and the fuel cell 40b, the load control unit 58a sends a selection notification to the fuel cell control unit 50a of the fuel cell 40a so that power can be received from the smallest number of fuel cells 40. Transmitting, receiving power from the fuel cell 40a, and controlling to consume power (from time t2 to time t3).
- the fuel cell control unit 50 is provided for each fuel cell 40, and each fuel cell control unit 50 sends a permission notice to the load control unit 58. Therefore, it is possible to send a permission notice only by determining whether or not there is a surplus power generation capacity in each fuel cell. For this reason, it is possible to respond at high speed. Further, each fuel cell 40 can independently determine whether or not to supply power to the power load 44 without providing a central control unit that controls the plurality of fuel cells 40. Therefore, a new fuel cell 40 can be added without changing the control method of the entire system.
- Another modification of the fuel cell system is a system in which the fuel cell 40 in the first and second embodiments is a device that simultaneously generates power and supplies heat using fossil fuel or hydrogen gas as fuel. is there.
- Such equipment is, for example, a gas engine or a gas turbine. It is obvious that this modification can also obtain the same effects as those described in the above embodiment.
- the demand control unit 66 of the power load 44 supplies the power required for the power load 44 to perform the intended series of operations to the fuel cell control unit 50.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 consumes power to the load control unit 58 when the fuel cell 40 can supply power necessary for performing the intended operation of the power load 44.
- a permission notice indicating that it may be accepted is transmitted.
- the power load 44 stores a power consumption pattern necessary for performing a desired operation in advance as a period and a power value for each period.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a consumption pattern of power consumed by the power load 44.
- the power load 44 consumes w2 power during the period from time uO to time ul with uO as the reference time. Furthermore, the power consumption is changed at time ul and w4 power is consumed for the period up to time u2. Further, in the consumption pattern 2, the power load 44 consumes power of w3 during a period from time u3 to time u4 with u3 as a reference time. Furthermore, the power consumption is changed at time u4, and wl power is consumed until time u5. Further, the power load 44 may store the power consumption pattern in each operation mode in the operation mode table 56.
- the power load 44 can perform a part of the operation and another operation at intervals in order to perform the target operation, the power load 44 can perform a plurality of consumptions for performing the target operation.
- a pattern may be stored. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, in order to perform the intended operation, some operations and other operations are performed in consumption patterns 1 and 2, respectively. When the power shown in consumption pattern 2 is consumed, if some operations and other operations can be performed at intervals, store consumption pattern 1 and consumption pattern 2 respectively. Good.
- the request control unit 66 selects a consumption pattern necessary for the target operation, and requests the fuel cell control for request information indicating the power consumption pattern in advance. Send to part 50. In addition, the request control unit 66 transmits to the fuel cell control unit 50 a time limit until the start of power consumption indicated by the consumption pattern.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 receives request information from a plurality of request control units 66, the fuel cell control unit 50 follows the power consumption pattern indicated by the request information based on the power consumption for each period indicated by the request information.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 When the supply of power is started by the requested deadline, the total amount of power consumed by the power load 44 exceeds the maximum amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 at any time indicated by the request information. Determine whether or not. The total amount of power consumed by the power load 44 When the maximum amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 is not exceeded at any time, the fuel cell control unit 50 starts the power consumption indicated by the consumption pattern Determine. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notification indicating the time to start power consumption to the load control unit 58. The total value of the power consumed by the power load 44 When the maximum amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 is exceeded at any time, the fuel cell control unit 50 does not send a permission notice to the load control unit 58 .
- the load control unit 58 starts consuming electric power on condition that the permission notification is received from the fuel cell control unit 50. At this time, power consumption indicated by the consumption pattern is started at the time when the power consumption received from the fuel cell control unit 50 is started. In this way, the power load 44 can consume power for performing the intended operation.
- the request control unit 66 Request information indicating a power consumption pattern necessary for performing the operation and request information indicating a power consumption pattern necessary for performing another operation are transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50. Further, the request control unit 66 transmits to the fuel cell control unit 50 a time limit until the start of power consumption indicated by each consumption pattern. The fuel cell control unit 50 receives a plurality of consumption parameters from the request control unit 66. When new request information indicating a turn is received, the power consumption for each period indicated by the request information is calculated based on the request information already received from the request control unit 66.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 when the fuel cell control unit 50 starts supplying power in accordance with a plurality of consumption patterns indicated by the new request information by the time limit for starting power consumption, the fuel cell control unit 50 consumes the power at any time.
- the time for starting the power consumption indicated by each consumption pattern is determined so that the total value of the generated power does not exceed the maximum amount of power that the fuel cell 40 can supply. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice indicating the time when the power consumption indicated by each consumption pattern can be started to the load control unit 58.
- the power load 44 consumes the amount of power required for each of the part of operations and other operations that can be performed at intervals of time in the time period in which the fuel cell 40 can supply them. By doing so, the intended operation can be performed.
- the request control unit 66 transmits request information indicating the power consumption pattern to the fuel cell control unit 50 of each fuel cell 40 in advance.
- each fuel cell control unit 50 receives new request information from the request control unit 66
- each of the fuel cell control units 50 creates a new one based on the change over time of the total amount of power supplied to the power load 44.
- the power supply pattern indicating the period during which the power can be supplied in the period indicated by the new request information and the power value for each period is loaded as a permission notification.
- the control unit 58 is notified.
- the load control unit 58 When the load control unit 58 receives the permission notice, the power required by the power load 44 is within the range of the power supply pattern indicated by the received fuel cell control unit 50 power. In order to receive the electric power indicated by the consumption pattern, the electric power receiving pattern indicating the period and the electric power value for each period that can receive electric power from each fuel cell 40 is determined. Further, a selection notification indicating the power receiving pattern received from each fuel cell 40 is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50 of each fuel cell 40. The fuel cell control unit 50 controls the power generated by the fuel cell 40 based on the power reception pattern indicated by the selection notification received from the load control unit 58 and transmits the power to the power load 44.
- the power load 44 performs the intended operation. It is possible to prevent the operation of the fuel cell 40 from stopping due to a shortage of power generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the fuel cell system 30 further includes a storage battery that accumulates electric power generated by the fuel cell 40 and supplies electric power to the electric power load 44.
- An apartment house can be equipped with a single storage battery.
- Each of the houses 110 can be equipped with a storage battery.
- Each fuel cell 40 may include a storage battery.
- the storage battery supplies the power to the fuel cell 40. Control is performed to supply power from the storage battery until the fuel cell 40 can supply power, provided that the amount of power until it can be supplied within the time limit. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice indicating that power may be consumed to the load control unit 58.
- the storage battery includes a request control unit 66 and a load control unit 58, and when the storage amount stored in the storage battery is lower than a predetermined storage amount, request information for requesting electric power is sent to the fuel cell control unit. Send to 50. At this time, the amount of power required for charging the storage battery is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 receives the request information from the request control unit 66 of the storage battery, the fuel cell control unit 50 is based on the amount of power consumed by the power load 44 and the period of power consumption received from the request control unit 66 of the power load 44. Thus, the time when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases is determined, and at which time the power for charging the storage battery is supplied.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice for charging the storage battery at the time when the power consumption of the power load 44 decreases.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 receives the request information from the storage battery request control unit 66
- the fuel cell control unit 50 consumes the amount of power consumed by the power load 44 and the power received from the request control unit 66 of the power load 44. Based on the time spent, the time when the power consumed by the power load 44 decreases is determined.
- the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 40 becomes higher than a predetermined efficiency by charging the storage battery at the time when the power consumed by the power load 44 decreases, a notification of permission to supply power to the storage battery is given. It is transmitted to the control unit 58.
- Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the time evolution of the power consumed by the power load 44 and the storage battery.
- the power load 44c sometimes consumes power P7 at Iju6.
- the total amount P8 of the amount of power consumed by the power load 44b and the power load 44c at the time u6 is the maximum amount of power that can be generated by the fuel cell 40.
- the power load 44b temporarily stops power consumption at time iju7 after time u6, and then consumes the same amount of power as that consumed at time u7 from time u9. Scheduled to resume. Further, the power load 44a requests the same amount of power as the power consumed by the power load 44b at the time Iju6 with the time u6 as the deadline.
- the fuel cell 40 cannot supply power to the power load 44a during the period from time u6 to time u7.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 controls to supply power from the storage battery to the power load 44a.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 sets the time to start discharging at time u6 so that the amount of power discharged from the storage battery is minimized, and gives a permission notice indicating that power consumption starts from time u6. Sent to the load controller 58a.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 is scheduled in advance so that the power load 44a terminates power consumption at time u8 prior to time u9. Therefore, from time u8 to time u9, a permission notice indicating that power can be consumed is transmitted to the load control unit 58 of the storage battery so as to charge the storage battery. In this way, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40 is kept substantially constant at the power P8.
- the storage battery further includes a control unit having the same function as the fuel cell control unit 50 of the fuel cell 40.
- the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 transmits power request information to the fuel cell control unit 50 and the storage battery control unit.
- the storage battery control unit is a request control unit 66 for the power load 44.
- a permission notification indicating the amount of power that can be supplied is transmitted to the load control unit 58 of the power load 44.
- the load control unit 58 of the power load 44 determines which fuel cell 40 or storage battery the power is received from when the permission notification is received from the plurality of fuel cell control units 50 or the storage battery control unit.
- the load control unit 58 determines the amount of power received from the fuel cell 40 and the storage battery so that the amount of power received from the storage battery is minimized, and selects the power amount received from each fuel cell 40 or the storage battery.
- the notification is transmitted to the fuel cell control unit 50 or the storage battery control unit.
- the storage battery request control unit 66 transmits, to the fuel cell control unit 50, request information for requesting electric power for charging the storage battery when the storage amount stored in the storage battery is lower than a predetermined storage amount. To do.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notification indicating the amount of power that can be supplied to the load control unit 58 of the storage battery.
- the load control unit 58 of the storage battery selects the fuel cell 40 that receives the power based on the amount of power indicated by the received permission notification, and the fuel cell control unit 50 of the selected fuel cell 40
- a selection notification indicating the amount of power received from the fuel cell 40 is transmitted.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 receives a selection notification from the storage battery, the fuel cell control unit 50 supplies the electric energy indicated by the selection notification to the storage battery.
- the power load 44 can be supplied by supplying power from the storage battery. Can work. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 in the first embodiment or the storage battery control unit in the second embodiment can determine in advance whether or not the storage battery can supply the power required by the power load 44. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power load 44 from wastefully consuming the power of the storage battery. In addition, the fuel cell control unit 50 in the first embodiment or the load control unit 58 of the power load 44 in the second embodiment is configured so that the amount of power supplied from the storage battery to the power load 44 is minimized. Therefore, the amount of power supplied to the power load 44 is determined, so that the capacity of the storage battery can be reduced.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the power path.
- Fuel cell 40 and power load 44 Are connected to the power line 74, respectively.
- the power relay device 76 connects a plurality of power lines 74.
- the power relay device 76 transmits power between the connected power lines 74.
- a power path is formed by the power line 74 and the power relay device 76 so that power can be supplied from the fuel cell 40 to any power load 44.
- the power relay device 76 connects a plurality of power lines 74, such as a transformer.
- the power relay device 76 connects power lines 74 having different power loss rates.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 stores in advance position information on the power path of the fuel cell 40 and the power relay device 76. That is, the fuel cell control unit 50 stores information for identifying the power line 74 connected to each fuel cell 40 in association with the fuel cell 40. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 associates the information for identifying all the power lines 74 connected to the power relay device 76 and the power loss rate in the power relay device 76 with the power relay device 76.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 further stores the power loss rate in all the power lines 74 in association with the power lines 74.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 stores the positional information on the power path of the fuel cell 40 and the power relay device 76 in advance, so that the power line 74 connected to the power load 44 is given.
- the power path from the fuel cell 40 to the power load 44 can be known. For example, in a route search of a car navigation system, as is well known, from a start point to a destination based on node information indicating a road-to-road connection point and link information indicating a road connecting each node. Get directions for.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 calls the power relay device 76 (node) and the power line 74 (link) that store in advance the power path from the fuel cell 40 (starting place) to the power load 44 (destination). Can be searched.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 can calculate the amount of power transmission loss from the power loss rate in the power line 74 and the power relay device 76 on the retrieved power path and the amount of power to be transmitted.
- the power load 44 stores information for identifying the power line 74 to which the power load 44 is connected as position information on its power path.
- the request control unit 66 transmits the positional information on the power path of the power load 44 to the fuel cell control unit 50 together with the request information indicating the amount of increase in the power consumed. To do.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 transmits the request information and the position information of the power load 44 to the request control unit 66.
- the power path for supplying power to the power load 44 is searched from each fuel cell 40, and the power line 74 and the power relay device 76 that form the power path are determined to determine the power in the power path. Calculate the loss rate.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 calculates the amount of power transmission loss in the power path based on the power loss rate in the power path and the increase amount of power received from the request control unit 66.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 increases the amount of power generated by the plurality of fuel cells 40 so that the total amount of power transmission loss on the power path is minimized.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 determines the amount of power requested from the request control unit 66.
- the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 40 is increased by the total amount of transmission loss on the power path.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 calculates a transmission loss when power is transmitted using each power path.
- the power path that minimizes the power transmission loss is selected. For example, when transmitting power over a long distance, if power transmission loss can be minimized by transmitting power using a high-voltage power path, power is transmitted using a high-voltage path.
- the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 transmits power request information to the fuel cell control unit 50 provided in each of the fuel cells 40.
- the request control unit 66 of the power load 44 transmits position information on the power path of the power load 44 to each fuel cell control unit 50.
- Each fuel cell control unit 50 stores position information on the power path of each fuel cell 40, and the position information of the fuel cell 40 and the position of the power load 44 received from the request control unit 66 are stored. Based on the information, the power path for supplying power to the power load 44 is determined. Further, the fuel cell control unit 50 notifies the load control unit 58 of the power loss rate in the power path and the allowable increase in power.
- the load control unit 58 is a combination that minimizes the power transmission loss based on the amount of power that can be supplied by the fuel cell 40 and the power loss rate received from each fuel cell control unit 50.
- the fuel cell 40 is selected, and the fuel cell control unit 50 of the selected fuel cell 40 transmits a selection notification indicating the amount of power to be increased.
- the fuel cell control unit 50 When a selection notification is received, the amount of transmission loss is calculated from the amount of increase in power indicated by the selection notification and the power loss rate in the power path, and is expressed as the sum of the amount of increase in power and the amount of transmission loss.
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 is controlled to generate the generated power amount.
- the power transmission loss from the fuel cell 40 to the power load 44 can be reduced.
- the amount of power received by the power load 44 can be prevented from being insufficient due to transmission loss.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the computer 500 included in each of the fuel cell control unit 50, the request control unit 66, and the load control unit 58.
- the computer 500 stores a program that causes the fuel cell system to function as the fuel cell system 30 described with reference to FIGS.
- the computer 500 includes a CPU 700, a ROM 702, a RAM 704, a communication interface 706, a hard disk drive 710, a flexible disk drive 712, and a CD-ROM drive 714.
- the CPU 700 operates based on a program stored in the ROM 702, RAM 704, hard disk drive 710, flexible disk 720, and / or CD-ROM 722.
- a program for causing the fuel cell system 30 to function causes the computer 500 to function as the fuel cell control unit 50, the request control unit 66, and the load control unit 58 described with reference to FIG. Make the fuel cell system work.
- the computer 500 included in each of the fuel cell control unit 50, the request control unit 66, and the load control unit 58 causes the corresponding fuel cell control unit 50, request control unit 66, and load control unit 58 to function.
- a program may be stored.
- the communication interface 706 communicates with, for example, the fuel cell 40, the power load 44, the heating device 48, the heat load 54, the main hot water tank 42, the hot water supply history management unit 60, the home determination unit 62, and the sub hot water tank 52. Receives information on each status, etc., and transmits control signals to control each.
- the hard disk drive 710, ROM702, or RAM704 as an example of a storage device stores setting information, a program for operating the CPU 700, and the like.
- the program is stored on a recording medium such as flexible disk 720 or CD-ROM 722.
- the flexible disk drive 712 reads the program from the flexible disk 720 and provides it to the CPU 700.
- the CD-ROM 722 stores a program
- the CD-ROM drive 714 reads the program from the CD-ROM 722 and provides it to the CPU 700.
- the program may be read from the recording medium directly into the RAM and executed, or after being installed in the hard disk drive 710 and read into the RAM 704 and executed. Furthermore, the above program may be stored on a single recording medium or a plurality of recording media. The program stored in the recording medium may provide each function in cooperation with the operating system. For example, the program may ask the operating system to perform some or all of the functions and provide the functions based on a response from the operating system.
- a recording medium for storing the program in addition to a flexible disk and a CD-ROM, an optical recording medium such as DVD and PD, a magneto-optical recording medium such as MD, a tape medium, a magnetic recording medium, and a flash memory You can use semiconductor memory such as IC cards and miniature cards.
- a storage device such as a hard disk or RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium.
- the request control unit 66 transmits power request information in advance when it is necessary to increase the power consumption of the power load 44. Therefore, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 can be increased in advance before increasing the power consumption.
- the load control unit 58 increases the power consumption of the power load 44 on the condition that the fuel cell control unit 50 receives a permission notice indicating that the power consumption can be increased. Becomes smaller.
- the load control unit 58 increases the power consumption received from the fuel cell control unit 50 within an allowable range, even if the power generation amount that the fuel cell 40 can increase is small, Power and power generation can be used effectively.
- the request control unit 66 refers to the operation mode table 56 to determine the amount of power consumption that needs to be increased compared to the current power consumption when attempting to change the operation mode.
- the fuel cell system Since the data is transmitted to the control unit 50, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 40 can be increased in advance by the amount of power consumption required by the power load 44.
- the load control unit 58 uses the operation mode table 56 to determine an operation mode that can be changed within the allowable power consumption range, and changes to the operation mode. The most preferred operating mode can be selected.
- the load control unit 58 determines the operation mode that needs to be changed in order to reduce the power consumption by the required power with reference to the operation mode table 56, and makes a transition to the operation mode. Even if it is insufficient, it is possible to reduce power consumption without stopping completely.
- each fuel cell control unit 50 transmits a permission notice to the load control unit 58. Therefore, whether or not there is a power generation surplus in each fuel cell. It is possible to create permission notices only by judging whether or not. For this reason, it is possible to respond at high speed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2004/009855 WO2006006222A1 (ja) | 2004-07-09 | 2004-07-09 | システム全体の電力消費の変動が小さくなる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 |
JP2006527659A JP4024829B2 (ja) | 2004-07-09 | 2004-07-09 | システム全体の電力消費の変動が小さくなる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 |
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PCT/JP2004/009855 WO2006006222A1 (ja) | 2004-07-09 | 2004-07-09 | システム全体の電力消費の変動が小さくなる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006092882A (ja) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-04-06 | Meidensha Corp | 電力の供給不足を未然に防ぎつつ電力を有効に利用できる燃料電池システム、燃料電池システム制御方法および建造物 |
JP2006278151A (ja) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 発電量制御システム、発電量制御方法、及び演算装置 |
JP2007194137A (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-08-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池制御システム、燃料電池システム制御方法、及びプログラム |
JP2011234469A (ja) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-17 | Denso Corp | 系統連系運転装置および車両用電源装置 |
JP2013131449A (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-04 | Kyocera Corp | 電力制御システム、制御装置、及び電力制御方法 |
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JP2007194137A (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-08-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池制御システム、燃料電池システム制御方法、及びプログラム |
JP2011234469A (ja) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-17 | Denso Corp | 系統連系運転装置および車両用電源装置 |
JP2013131449A (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-04 | Kyocera Corp | 電力制御システム、制御装置、及び電力制御方法 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2006006222A1 (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
JP4024829B2 (ja) | 2007-12-19 |
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