WO2005110444A1 - 眼疾患の治療又は予防剤 - Google Patents
眼疾患の治療又は予防剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005110444A1 WO2005110444A1 PCT/JP2005/009039 JP2005009039W WO2005110444A1 WO 2005110444 A1 WO2005110444 A1 WO 2005110444A1 JP 2005009039 W JP2005009039 W JP 2005009039W WO 2005110444 A1 WO2005110444 A1 WO 2005110444A1
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- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- spherical activated
- eye disease
- treating
- preventing
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/12—Ophthalmic agents for cataracts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for eye diseases comprising spherical activated carbon as an active ingredient.
- Oral administration of the agent for treating or preventing eye diseases according to the present invention is effective for treating or preventing eye diseases such as cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or fundus bleeding without side effects. .
- a human eyeball can be compared to a dark box having a light-transmitting portion similar to that of an optical lens system.
- the protective layer corresponding to the outermost layer of the dark box is composed of the sclera, which becomes a transparent cornea in front of the eyeball.
- Light entering through the cornea reaches the retina through the anterior chamber, the lens, and the vitreous.
- the retina which receives light, is equivalent to the camera film, and the two lenses, the cornea and the crystalline lens, are equivalent to the optical lens system.
- Cataract is a disease in which the lens becomes white and cloudy. If the lens becomes turbid, light will not reach the retina or diffuse reflection will occur, preventing a correct image from being formed on the retina. Since the lens is made up of about 65% water and 35% protein and a small amount of salt, the turbidity is thought to be caused by protein denaturation. At the same time, the cause of protein degeneration is currently unclear as a physiological phenomenon associated with aging. Techniques for preventing or treating such cataracts have also been proposed. For example, in medical practice, reducible daltathione eye drops, tiopronin tablets, pyrenoxine tablets, or vitamins are used.
- Patent Document 1 a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for cataract containing chlorella or chlorella extract as an active ingredient
- Patent Document 2 a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for cataract containing proanthocyanin oligomer as an active ingredient
- Patent Document 3 a preventive or therapeutic agent for cataract containing an extract thereof as an active ingredient
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-256207
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-10-59846
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2002-371001
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that when spherical activated carbon is orally administered to a cataract model rat, the onset of cataract can be significantly suppressed.
- the present invention is based on these findings.
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for eye diseases comprising spherical activated carbon as an active ingredient (hereinafter, the therapeutic or prophylactic agent for eye diseases of the present invention is referred to as a "pharmaceutical formulation" of the present invention). Name).
- a preferred embodiment of the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention is for oral administration.
- the spherical activated carbon has a particle size of 0.01 to 2 mm.
- the eye disease is cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or fundus bleeding.
- the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention is effective for prevention or treatment of various eye diseases such as cataracts without taking any side effect when taken as an oral drug, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the appearance frequency of cataracts in pharmacological test examples.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in blood glucose level in pharmacological test examples.
- the spherical activated carbon which is an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention, is not particularly limited as long as it is a spherical activated carbon that can be used for medical purposes. That is, spherical activated carbon that can be used internally for medical purposes is preferred.
- the spherical activated carbon preferably has a particle size of 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 2 mm. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.05 to 1 mm.
- the spherical activated carbon for example, the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-11-292770 or JP-A-2002-308785 can be used.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-11-292770 will be described, followed by the spherical activated carbon described in Japanese Patent No. 3522708.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-11-292770 is preferably a spherical activated carbon having a diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to Lmm. Further, it is preferably a spherical activated carbon having a specific surface area of 500 to 2000 m 2 Zg, more preferably 700 to 1500 m 2 Zg.
- the spherical activated carbon preferably has a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms and a void volume of 0.01 to 1 mLZg, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 mLZg.
- the specific surface area is a value measured by a methanol adsorption method using an automatic adsorption amount measuring device.
- the void volume is a value measured by a mercury intrusion porosimeter.
- the spherical activated carbon is compared to powdered activated carbon.
- a spherical activated carbon is one of the important factors, and it is important that the shape is substantially spherical.
- a spherical activated carbon derived from a petroleum-based pitch described later is particularly preferable because it is close to a true sphere.
- any activated carbon raw material for example, sawdust, coal, coconut shell, various pitches of petroleum or coal, or organic synthetic carbon is used. Molecules can be used.
- Spherical activated carbon can be produced, for example, by a method of activating carbonized raw materials. As a method of activation, it is necessary to maintain a purity that is acceptable for medical treatment, in which various methods such as steam activation, drug activation, air activation or carbon dioxide gas activation can be used.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-11-292770 includes granulated activated carbon of carbonaceous powder, spherical activated carbon of organic polymer firing, and spherical activated carbon derived from petroleum hydrocarbon (petroleum pitch). There is.
- Granulated activated carbon of carbonaceous powder power is, for example, after granulating carbonaceous powder raw material into small spheres with a binder such as tar or pitch, and then in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 600 to LOOO ° C. It can be obtained by firing, carbonizing, and then activating.
- a binder such as tar or pitch
- an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 600 to LOOO ° C. It can be obtained by firing, carbonizing, and then activating.
- an activation method Various methods such as steam activation, chemical activation, air activation or carbon dioxide activation can be used.
- the steam activation is performed, for example, in a steam atmosphere at a temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C.
- Spherical activated carbon fired with an organic polymer is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-1366, and can be produced as follows.
- a condensing type or polyaddition type thermosetting prepolymer is mixed with a curing agent, a curing catalyst, an emulsifier, and the like, emulsified in water with stirring, and reacted while stirring at room temperature or while heating.
- the reaction system is first in a suspended state, and by further stirring, a thermosetting resin globule appears. This is recovered, heated to a temperature of 500 ° C. or more in an inert atmosphere, carbonized, and activated by the above-described method to obtain a spherical activated carbon fired by an organic polymer.
- the spherical activated carbon derived from petroleum-based pitch preferably has a diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to: Lmm, a specific surface area of 500 to 2000 m 2 Zg, and more preferably 700 to 1500 m 2. Zg, the amount of pores having a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms is preferably 0.01 to 1 mLZg.
- the spherical activated carbon derived from petroleum pitch can be produced, for example, by the following two methods.
- the first method is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-76 (US Pat. No. 3,917,806) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 54-89010 (US Pat. No. 4,761,284).
- pitches made into small spheres in a molten state are made infusible with oxygen, and then heated and calcined at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C in an inert atmosphere, and then carbonized in a steam atmosphere. It is a method of activating at a temperature of 850 to 1000 ° C.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 59-10930 U.S. Pat. No.
- the spherical activated carbon as an active ingredient (1) a spherical activated carbon subjected to an ammonia treatment or the like, and (2) a spherical activated carbon subjected to an oxidation and Z or reduction treatment can be used.
- the spherical activated carbon that can be subjected to these treatments includes any of the above-mentioned spherical activated carbon derived from petroleum pitch, granulated activated carbon of carbonaceous powder, and spherical activated carbon of organic polymer firing. It may be.
- the above-mentioned ammonia treatment means, for example, that a spherical activated carbon is an aqueous ammonia solution containing 1 to: LOOO ppm of ammonia, and a volume ratio of the aqueous ammonia solution to the spherical activated carbon is 2 to 10; At a temperature of 0.5 to 5 hours.
- Examples of the activated carbon obtained by subjecting the above-mentioned spherical activated carbon derived from petroleum pitch to ammonia treatment include the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-56-5313 (US Pat. No. 4,761,284).
- spherical activated carbon treated with ammonia has a diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.1 to: Lmm, a specific surface area of 00 to 2000 m 2 Zg, preferably 700 to 1500 m 2 Zg, and a pore radius of Spherical activated carbon having a void volume of 0.01 to 1 mLZg and ⁇ of 6 to 8 at 100 to 75,000 angstroms can be exemplified.
- the oxidizing treatment means performing high-temperature heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere containing oxygen.
- oxygen As an oxygen source, pure oxygen, oxidized nitrogen, air, or the like can be used.
- reduction treatment means that high-temperature heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere inert to carbon, and the atmosphere inert to carbon is formed using nitrogen, argon, helium, or a mixed gas thereof. can do.
- oxidation of the preferably oxygen content from 0.5 to 25 volume%, more preferably in an atmosphere of oxygen containing Yuryou 3-10 volume 0/0, preferably from 300 to 700. C, more preferably at a temperature of 400-600 ° C.
- the reduction treatment is preferably performed in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 700 to: L 100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the spherical activated carbon which has been subjected to oxidation and Z or reduction treatment has a diameter of 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.1 to: Lmm, specific surface area force of 00 to 2000 m 2 Zg, preferably 700 to 1500 m 2 Zg, fine Spherical activated carbon having a pore volume of 0.01 to 1 mLZg with a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms is preferred.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 has a diameter of 0.01 to: Lmm, a specific surface area of at least 700 m 2 Zg determined by the BET method, and a pore diameter of 20 to 15,000. It is a spherical activated carbon having a pore volume of nm of 0.04 mLZg or more and less than 0.10 mLZg, total acidic groups of 0.30 to 1.20 meqZg, and total basic groups of 0.20 to 0.70 meqZg. .
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 has a specific range of pore volume.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm is not less than 0.04 mLZg and less than 0.10 mLZg.
- a spherical activated carbon having a total basic group of 0.20-1 OOmeq Zg see Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-293906 or Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-293907 can be used.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-11-292770 has a pore volume of a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms (that is, a pore volume having a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm) of 0.1 to 0.1 ⁇ m. lmLZg.
- a pore volume of a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms that is, a pore volume having a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm
- lmLZg a pore volume of a pore radius of 100 to 75,000 angstroms
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm is adjusted to not less than 0.04 mLZg and less than 0.10 mLZg, high adsorption characteristics to the toxic substance ⁇ -aminoisobutyric acid can be obtained.
- the adsorption characteristic for ⁇ -amylase which is a beneficial substance
- the pore volume of the spherical activated carbon with a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm increases, the absorption of beneficial substances such as digestive enzymes and the like becomes more likely to occur. Smaller is more preferable.
- the pore volume is too small, the amount of toxic substances adsorbed also decreases. Therefore, in the adsorbent for oral administration, the ratio (TZU) of the adsorption amount (T) of the toxic substance to the adsorption amount (U) of the beneficial substance, that is, the selective adsorption rate is important.
- the selective adsorption rate of spherical activated carbon can be evaluated as the ratio (TbZUa) of the adsorption amount (Tb) of DL- ⁇ -aminoisobutyric acid (toxic substance) to the adsorption amount (Ua) of oc amylase (beneficial substance). . That is, the selective adsorption rate is calculated by, for example, the following equation:
- Tb is the adsorption amount of DL- ⁇ -aminoisobutyric acid
- Ua is the adsorption amount of ⁇ -amylase
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 has an excellent selective adsorption rate in the range of a pore volume of 20 to 15000 nm and a pore volume of 0.04 mLZg or more and less than 0.10 mLZg, More excellent when the pore volume is more than 0.05 mLZg and less than 0.1 mLZg The selected selective adsorption rate is shown.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 has a diameter of 0.01 to 1 mm.
- the diameter is preferably 0.02-0.8 mm.
- the expression “the diameter is Dl to Du” is expressed in a cumulative particle size diagram created according to JIS K 1474 (described later in connection with the method of measuring the average particle size).
- Sieve opening corresponding to the range of Dl to Du means that the passing percentage (%) is 90% or more.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 has a specific surface area (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “SSA”) determined by the BET method of 700 m 2 Zg or more. Spherical activated carbon having an SSA of less than 700 m 2 Zg is not preferred because the toxic substance adsorption performance is reduced. SSA is preferably at least 800 m 2 Zg. The upper limit of SSA is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of bulk density and strength, SSA is preferably 2500 m 2 Zg or less.
- the total acidic group in the composition of the functional group, is 0.31 to 1.20 meqZg, and the total basic group is 0.20- It is 0.70meq Zg.
- the spherical activated carbon in which the total acidic group is 0.30 to: L20meqZg and the total basic group does not satisfy the condition of 0.20 to 0.70meqZg has the above-mentioned toxic substance adsorption capacity. Is undesirably low.
- the total acidic group is preferably 0.30 to: L 00 meq / g, and the total base group is preferably 0.30 to 0.60 meq / g.
- the composition of the functional groups is as follows: all acidic groups are 0.30 ⁇ : L 20meq / g, total base is 14 units SO.20 ⁇ 0.70meq / g, phenolic '14 hydroxyl group is 0.20 ⁇ 0.70meq / g g and carboxyl group are within 0.15 meqZg or less, and the ratio (aZb) of all acidic groups (a) to all basic groups (b) is 0.40-2.5,
- the relationship [(b + c) -d] between the group (b), the phenolic hydroxyl group (c) and the carboxyl group (d) is preferably 0.60 or more.
- the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic compound having a boiling point of 200 ° C or higher or an admixture thereof is added to a pitch such as petroleum pitch or coal pitch as an additive, and heated and mixed.
- a pitch such as petroleum pitch or coal pitch as an additive
- the above-mentioned pitch compact is dispersed and granulated in hot water at 70 to 180 ° C. with stirring to form microspheres. Further, the additive having a low solubility in the pitch and a high solubility in the additive is extracted and removed with a solvent having a high solubility in the additive, and the obtained porous pitch is oxidized. Oxidation with an agent results in a porous pitch that is infusible to heat. The infusible porous pitch thus obtained is further treated in a gas stream reactive with carbon (eg, steam or carbon dioxide gas) at a temperature of 800 to: LOOO ° C to obtain a porous carbonaceous material. You can get the quality.
- carbon eg, steam or carbon dioxide gas
- the porous carbonaceous material thus obtained is subsequently subjected to an atmosphere having an oxygen content of 0.1 to 50 vol% (preferably 1 to 30 vol%, particularly preferably 3 to 20 vol%) under an atmosphere of 300 to 800 ° C (rather preferably has three hundred and twenty to six hundred o C) and Sani spoon at a temperature of, further 800 to 1200 o temperature of C (preferably 800 ⁇ 100 0 ° C), under a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere
- an atmosphere having an oxygen content of 0.1 to 50 vol% preferably 1 to 30 vol%, particularly preferably 3 to 20 vol%
- an atmosphere of 300 to 800 ° C (rather preferably has three hundred and twenty to six hundred o C) and Sani spoon at a temperature of, further 800 to 1200 o temperature of C (preferably 800 ⁇ 100 0 ° C)
- a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere By performing a reduction treatment by a heating reaction, spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 can be obtained.
- the atmosphere containing a specific amount of oxygen pure oxygen, oxidized nitrogen, air, or the like can be used as an oxygen source.
- an atmosphere inert to carbon for example, nitrogen, argon, helium, or the like can be used alone, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the purpose of adding the aromatic compound to the raw material pitch is to lower the softening point of the raw material pitch to improve the fluidity to facilitate the microsphere shading, and to improve
- the purpose of the present invention is to make the molded body porous by extracting and removing its additives, and to facilitate the structure control and firing of the carbonaceous material by oxidation in a subsequent step.
- an additive for example, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, phenylnaphthalene, benzylnaphthalene, methylanthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, or the like can be used alone, or a mixture of two or more thereof can be used.
- the amount of calo added to the pitch is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 parts by weight of the aromatic compound per 100 parts by weight of the pitch.
- Mixing of the pitch and the additive is preferably performed in a molten state by heating in order to achieve uniform mixing.
- the mixture of the pitch and the additive is preferably formed into particles having a particle diameter of about 0.01 to Lmm in order to control the particle diameter (diameter) of the obtained porous spherical carbonaceous material. Molding May be carried out in a molten state, or may be a method such as pulverizing the mixture after cooling the mixture.
- Power of the mixture of the pitch and the additive Examples of the solvent for extracting and removing the additive include butane, pentane, and hexane.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as heptane, an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as naphtha or kerosene, or an aliphatic alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, or butanol.
- the additive By extracting the additive from the mixture molded body of pitch and additive with such a solvent, the additive can be removed from the molded body while maintaining the shape of the molded body. At this time, it is presumed that holes for the additive are formed in the molded product, and a pitch molded product having uniform porosity is obtained.
- the size of the through-hole (i.e., pore volume) of the additive is controlled by a conventional method, for example, by controlling the amount of the additive and the precipitation temperature (cooling temperature) of the additive in the step of forming the pitch compact into microspheres. Can be implemented. Also, the pore volume generated by the extraction of additives is affected by the infusibilization conditions. For example, if the infusibilization treatment is strong, the heat shrinkage due to the heat treatment becomes small, and the pores obtained by extracting the additive tend to be easily maintained.
- the porous pitch molded body thus obtained is then subjected to infusibilization treatment, that is, oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent, preferably at a temperature from room temperature to 300 ° C, to thereby prevent heat.
- infusible porous infusible pitch formed body can be obtained.
- the oxidizing agent used here is, for example, oxygen gas (O 2) or a mixed gas obtained by diluting oxygen gas (O 2) with air or nitrogen.
- Each physical property value of the spherical activated carbon described in JP-A-2002-308785 that is, the average particle diameter, the specific surface area, the pore volume, the total acidic group, and the total basic group are determined by the following methods. Measure.
- the average particle size is determined by drawing a horizontal line on the horizontal axis from the intersection of the vertical line at the 50% point on the horizontal axis and the particle size cumulative line in the cumulative particle size diagram to determine the sieve aperture (mm) at the intersection.
- average particle diameter is determined by drawing a horizontal line on the horizontal axis from the intersection of the vertical line at the 50% point on the horizontal axis and the particle size cumulative line in the cumulative particle size diagram to determine the sieve aperture (mm) at the intersection.
- a sample tube was filled with spherical activated carbon as a sample, and the following operation was performed while flowing helium gas containing 30 vol% of nitrogen into the sample tube to measure the amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the spherical activated carbon sample.
- helium gas containing 30 vol% of nitrogen into the sample tube to measure the amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the spherical activated carbon sample.
- the sample tube is cooled to -196 ° C, and nitrogen is adsorbed on the spherical activated carbon sample.
- return the sample tube to room temperature.
- the amount of nitrogen desorbed from the spherical activated carbon sample is measured with a thermal conductivity detector, and the amount is determined as the amount of adsorbed gas (V).
- V 1 / ( ⁇ ⁇ (1- ⁇ ))
- m is the amount of adsorption (cm 3 Zg) required to form a monolayer on the sample surface
- V is the actually measured amount of adsorption (cm 3 Zg)
- X is the relative pressure.
- the pore volume can be measured using a mercury porosimeter (for example, "AUTOPORE 9200" manufactured by MICROMERITICS).
- the pressure (0.07 MPa) force corresponding to a pore diameter of 15 m and the volume of mercury pressed into a spherical activated carbon sample up to the maximum pressure (414 MPa, equivalent to a pore diameter of 3 nm) are measured.
- the pore diameter is calculated by injecting mercury into the cylindrical pore of diameter (D) with pressure (P). If the surface tension of mercury is “ ⁇ ” and the contact angle between mercury and the pore wall is “0”, the following equation is obtained from the balance between the surface tension and the pressure acting on the pore cross section:
- the surface tension of mercury is set to 484 dyne Zcm
- the contact angle between mercury and carbon is set to 130 degrees
- the pressure P is set to MPa
- the pore diameter D is expressed by / zm. . 27 / P
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range of 20 to 15000 nm in the present invention corresponds to the volume of mercury injected from a pressure of 0.07 MPa to a pressure of 63.5 MPa.
- 0.05 g of spherical activated carbon sample lg pulverized to 200 mesh or less is added to 50 mL of a specified NaOH solution and shaken for 48 hours.Then, the spherical activated carbon sample is filtered and the NaOH consumption determined by neutralization titration is determined. Quantity.
- the spherical activated carbon which is an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention further includes spherical activated carbon having a small average particle diameter S described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-110575, that is, an average particle diameter. Is from 50 to 200 ⁇ m and the specific surface area determined by the BET method is 700 m 2 Zg or more, or the surface-modified spherical activated carbon having a small average particle size described in Japanese Patent Application No.
- the average particle size is 50-200 / ⁇
- the specific surface area determined by the BET method is 700 m 2 / g or more
- the total acidic groups are 0.30 meq / g to 1.20 meq Zg
- the total basicity is Surface-modified spherical activated carbon having a group of 0.20meqZg to 0.9meqZg can also be used.
- the spherical activated carbon as an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention further includes a spherical activated carbon having a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 1.4 or more according to an X-ray diffraction method described in WO2004 / 39380. Can be used. Still further, spherical activated carbon using a thermosetting resin described in WO2004 / 39381 as a carbon source can be used.
- the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is effective for the treatment or prevention of eye diseases such as cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or fundus bleeding, and particularly for the treatment or prevention of cataract, for example, oral administration. It does not cause side effects even if ingested.
- the onset of cataract can be significantly suppressed by orally administering spherical activated carbon to a cataract model rat.
- the spherical activated carbon is effective for treating or preventing aging and metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is clear that it is effective in treating or preventing other eye diseases other than cataract (eg, retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or fundus bleeding).
- Spherical activated carbon (preferably spherical activated carbon having a particle size of 0.01 to 2 mm), which is an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention, is used alone or, if desired, pharmaceutically or veterinarily. It can be administered to a subject in need of treatment or prevention of an eye disease [animal, preferably mammal (particularly human)] in an effective amount together with a usual carrier or diluent that can be used.
- the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention is preferably administered orally. The dosage depends on, for example, the subject (mammal, especially human), age, individual variation, and Z or medical condition.
- the daily dose for humans is usually 0.2 to 20 g in terms of spherical activated carbon, and the dose may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the symptoms.
- the administration may be performed once or divided into several times.
- the spherical activated carbon may be administered as it is or may be administered as an activated carbon preparation. When the spherical activated carbon is administered as it is, it can be administered as a slurry in which the spherical activated carbon is suspended in drinking water or the like.
- any dosage form such as granules, tablets, dragees, capsules, sticks, divided packages, or suspensions can be employed.
- capsules besides ordinary gelatin capsules, enteric capsules can be used if necessary.
- enteric capsules When used as granules, tablets, or sugar-coated tablets, they must be released into the original microparticles in the body.
- the content of spherical activated carbon in activated carbon preparations is usually 1 to: L00%.
- a preferred activated carbon preparation is a capsule, a stick, or a divided package. In the case of these preparations, the spherical activated carbon is directly enclosed in a container.
- a porous spherical carbonaceous material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 of Patent No. 3522708 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-308785).
- porous spherical pitch thus obtained was heated to 235 ° C using a fluidized bed while passing heated air, and then kept at 235 ° C for 1 hour to oxidize and heat.
- an infusible porous spherical silicon oxide pitch was obtained.
- the porous spherical oxide pitch was activated in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 50 vol% of steam at 900 ° C for 170 minutes using a fluidized bed to obtain a porous spherical activated carbon, which was further processed in a fluidized bed.
- Oxidation treatment at 470 ° C for 3 hours and 15 minutes in a mixed gas atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 18.5vol%, and then reduction in a fluidized bed at 900 ° C for 17 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere The treatment was performed to obtain a porous spherical carbonaceous material.
- the main characteristics of the obtained carbonaceous material are as follows.
- the control group was fed a high-fat diet, and the group to which spherical activated carbon was administered was fed a high-fat diet with a diet containing 5% spherical activated carbon, and bred until 31 weeks. During this administration period, the presence or absence of cataract was observed using blood glucose level and eye opacity as indexes.
- the frequency of occurrence of cataract was significantly lower in the group to which spherical activated carbon was administered than in the control group.
- ⁇ indicates the results of the control group (C)
- ⁇ indicates the results of the spherical activated carbon administration group (K).
- Fig. 2 even when spherical activated carbon was administered, the blood glucose level during the test period showed no significant difference from the control group.
- ⁇ indicates the results of the control group (C)
- ⁇ indicates the results of the spherical activated carbon administration group (K). Therefore, the suppression of the onset of cataract by administration of spherical activated carbon is surprisingly an intrinsic action of spherical activated carbon caused by another mechanism that is not mediated by blood sugar.
- a capsule was prepared by enclosing 200 mg of the spherical activated carbon obtained in Production Example 1 in a gelatin capsule.
- the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention that is, an agent for treating or preventing an eye disease, for example, by taking it as an oral drug is effective for preventing or treating various eye diseases including cataract without side effects.
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JP2004-148021 | 2004-05-18 | ||
JP2004148021 | 2004-05-18 |
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WO2005110444A1 true WO2005110444A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
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PCT/JP2005/009039 WO2005110444A1 (ja) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-18 | 眼疾患の治療又は予防剤 |
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JP (1) | JPWO2005110444A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200600099A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005110444A1 (ja) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11292770A (ja) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-26 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | マトリックス形成亢進抑制剤 |
JP2002308785A (ja) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 経口投与用吸着剤 |
-
2005
- 2005-05-18 TW TW094116160A patent/TW200600099A/zh unknown
- 2005-05-18 JP JP2006513615A patent/JPWO2005110444A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-05-18 WO PCT/JP2005/009039 patent/WO2005110444A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11292770A (ja) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-26 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | マトリックス形成亢進抑制剤 |
JP2002308785A (ja) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 経口投与用吸着剤 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PRESCOTT L. F. ET AL: "Treatment of quinine overdosage with repeated oral charcoal", BR J CLIN PHARMACOL, vol. 27, no. 1, 1989, pages 95 - 97, XP008052949 * |
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TW200600099A (en) | 2006-01-01 |
JPWO2005110444A1 (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
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