WO2005082253A1 - Application de medicaments pendant une tomodensitometrie - Google Patents

Application de medicaments pendant une tomodensitometrie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005082253A1
WO2005082253A1 PCT/IB2005/050576 IB2005050576W WO2005082253A1 WO 2005082253 A1 WO2005082253 A1 WO 2005082253A1 IB 2005050576 W IB2005050576 W IB 2005050576W WO 2005082253 A1 WO2005082253 A1 WO 2005082253A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
drug
heart
patient
drugs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2005/050576
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Koehler
Michael Grass
Original Assignee
Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh, Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. filed Critical Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh
Priority to JP2006553741A priority Critical patent/JP2007522861A/ja
Priority to US10/598,004 priority patent/US8615289B2/en
Priority to EP05702982A priority patent/EP1718210B1/fr
Priority to AT05702982T priority patent/ATE527940T1/de
Publication of WO2005082253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005082253A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/541—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/503—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the heart
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B8/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agent, e.g. microbubbles introduced into the bloodstream

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of drug application during a CT scan.
  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling a local application of drugs to a part of the body of a patient during a CT scan, a CT scanner system adapted for controlling a local application of drugs, to a computer program for controlling the local application of drugs and to a use of containers for controlling a local application of a drug to a part of the body of a patient during a CT scan.
  • Local application of drugs to a part of the body of a patient is well known in the field of medical practice. For example, in the case of dental surgery, the dentist may apply an anesthetic locally to that part of the mouth of the patient where the surgery is to be carried out.
  • the local application is hereby performed by injecting the anesthetic manually into the tissue of the patient.
  • the temporal resolution of the cardiac CT images depends sensitively on the ratio between heart beat rate and the gantry rotation frequency.
  • the heart beat rate may drop at the beginning as a reaction of the heart to the inflow of contrast agent.
  • the heart beat rate may increase again as a result of the reduced oxygen content in the blood since the patient holds his breath.
  • the heart beat rate may also be influenced by factors like stress, fear, emotion caused by the noise of the apparatus and so on.
  • the varying heart beat rate leads to a spatially varying temporal resolution and prohibits the use of a patient-specific gantry rotation time in order to optimize the temporal resolution. Therefore, in order to avoid motion artifacts or a spatially varying temporal resolution, the heart beat rate has to be kept constant during the cardiac CT scan.
  • the above object may be solved by a method of controlling a local application of drugs to a part of the body of a patient during a CT scan, wherein the drugs are transported in containers suitable for introduction into a bloodstream of the patient.
  • the containers prevent an application of the drugs, wherein a first drug is transported in a first container.
  • a local application of the first drug to the part of the body is achieved.
  • this exemplary embodiment of the present invention allows for a delivery of the drugs by the bloodstream to the part of the body to which the drugs have to be applied before the containers are ruptured and therefore release the drug.
  • a heart beat rate of the heart of a patient is monitored, wherein the part of the body the drugs are locally applied to is the heart of the patient.
  • the first drug is locally applied to the heart of the patient by rupturing the first container or micro- bubble in proximity to the heart and the rupturing of the first container is performed on the basis of the heart beat rate, resulting in a controlled change of the heart beat rate.
  • the heart beat rate of the patient is monitored during the cardiac CT scan and, if a change in the heart beat rate is detected, for example a decrease of the heart beat rate, the first container, which is located in proximity to the heart of the patient, is ruptured and therefore the first drug is released and applied to the heart of the patient.
  • the application of the first drug results in a change of the heart beat rate, for example an increase of the heart beat rate.
  • the first container has a first resonance frequency, such that when an ultrasonic energy pulse with a first frequency corresponding to the first resonance frequency is applied to the first container, a rupture of the first container occurs and the first drug is released from the first container.
  • the rupturing is hereby performed by means of a destruction device, wherein the destruction device generates focused ultrasound pulses, which have a first frequency corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the first container.
  • the destruction device generates focused ultrasound pulses, which have a first frequency corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the first container.
  • focusing the ultrasound pulses for the rupturing or destruction of the first container allows for a localized release of the first drug, for example, in proximity to the heart of the patient.
  • the first container may only rupture, if not only an ultrasonic energy pulse is applied to the first container, but also the applied ultrasonic energy pulse has a certain first frequency, which corresponds to a resonance frequency of the first container.
  • the first container has a first resonance frequency, such that when an electro-magnetic energy beam with a first frequency corresponding to the first resonance frequency is applied to the first container, a rupture of the first container occurs and the first drug is released from the first container, wherein the rupturing of the first container is performed by means of a destruction device.
  • the destruction device generates a beam of electro-magnetic radiation and the electro-magnetic radiation has a first frequency corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the first container.
  • this may allow for a local destruction or rupturing of the first container by a very well focused and easily tunable electro-magnetic radiation beam of a first frequency.
  • a second drug is transported in a second container, wherein the first container has a first resonance frequency and the second container has a second resonance frequency.
  • the first resonance frequency is different from the second resonance frequency. Therefore, according to this exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a local application of a first drug or a second drug may be provided, wherein the first drug is applied by rupturing the first container and the second drug is applied by rupturing the second container. Since the resonance frequency of the first container is different from the resonance frequency of the second container, a selective destruction or a rupturing of the first and second containers may be performed.
  • the application of the first drug increases the heart beat rate and the application of the second drug decreases the heart beat rate. Therefore, by selectively destroying either the first container or the second container in the vicinity of the heart, the heart beat rate may effectively be controlled.
  • the containers are micro-bubbles.
  • the micro-bubbles may have a structure and materials such as, for example, disclosed in the US 2002/0151792 Al, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the micro-bubbles may contain a contrast agent, which is visible in images registered by means of a nuclear medical imaging system.
  • the micro-bubbles may be suitable for introduction into a blood stream of a subject, such as a patient, animal or mammal.
  • a CT scanner system which is adapted for controlling a local application of drugs to a part of the body of a patient during a CT scan, comprising a CT scanner, a monitoring device, a data processing device and a destruction device.
  • the drugs are transported in containers suitable for introduction into a bloodstream of the patient and preventing an application of the drugs, wherein a first drug is transported in a first container.
  • the CT scanner is adapted for acquisition of an image of the part of the body and the monitoring device is adapted for monitoring a heart beat rate of the heart of a patient during the CT scan.
  • the destruction device is adapted for rupturing the first container in proximity to the part of the body, resulting in a local application of the first drug to the part of the body and the data processing device is adapted for triggering the rupturing of the first container on the basis of the heart beat rate.
  • this may allow for a controlled local application of drugs during a CT scan.
  • the first drug is locally applied to the heart of the patient on the basis of the heart beat rate, wherein the first container has a resonance frequency.
  • the destruction device is adapted for generating either focused ultrasound pulses or a beam of electro-magnetic radiation.
  • the frequency of the one of focused ultrasound pulses and the beam of electro-magnetic radiation corresponds to the resonance frequency of the first container.
  • this may allow for a selective destruction or rupturing of the first container by setting the frequency of either the focused ultrasound pulses or the beam of electro-magnetic radiation to the resonance frequency of the first container.
  • the present invention also relates to a computer program, which may, for example, be executed on a processor.
  • Such computer programs may be part of for example, a CT scanner system.
  • the computer programs, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, are set forth in claim 10. These computer programs may be preferably loaded into working memories of data processors.
  • the data processors are thus equipped to carry out exemplary embodiments of the methods of the present invention.
  • the computer programs may be stored on a computer readable medium, such as a CD-ROM.
  • the computer programs may also be presented over a network such as the Worldwide Web, and may be downloaded into the working memory of a data processor from such networks.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 11 relates to the use of containers for controlling a local application of a drug to a part of the body of a patient during a CT scan. It may be seen as the gist of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention that only containers comprising a certain drug and which are located in the vicinity of the part of the body of a patient to which a certain drug has to be applied are ruptured or destroyed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of an embodiment of a computed tomography (CT) scanner system comprising a destruction device according to the present invention.
  • CT computed tomography
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a feedback loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow-chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a data processing device according to the present invention for executing an exemplary embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows the mean temporal resolution versus heart rate at a rotation time of 0.42 seconds.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a CT (computed tomography) scanner system according to the present invention.
  • CT computed tomography
  • the scanner depicted in Fig. 1 is a cone beam CT scanner.
  • the CT scanner depicted in Fig. 1 comprises a gantry 1, which is rotatable around a rotational axis 2. The gantry is driven by means of a motor 3.
  • Reference numeral 4 designates a source of radiation such as an x-ray source, which, according to an aspect of the present invention, emits a polychromatic radiation.
  • Reference numeral 5 designates an aperture system which forms the radiation beam emitted from the radiation source to a cone shaped radiation beam 6.
  • the cone beam 6 is directed such that it penetrates an object of interest 7 arranged in the center of the gantry 1, i.e. in an examination region of the CT scanner and impinges onto the detector 8.
  • the detector 8 is arranged on the gantry 1 opposite the source of radiation 4, such that the surface of the detector 8 is covered by the cone beam 6.
  • the detector 8 depicted in Fig. 1 comprises a plurality of detector elements.
  • the object of interest is disposed on a conveyor belt 19.
  • the conveyor belt 19 displaces the object of interest 7 along a direction parallel to the rotational axis 2 of the gantry 1. By this, the object of interest 7 is scanned along a helical scan path.
  • the conveyor belt 19 may also be stopped during the scans to thereby measure single slices.
  • a movable table is used instead of providing a conveyor belt 19, for example, in medical applications, where the object of interest 7 is a patient.
  • a movable table is used.
  • the detector 8 is connected to the calculation unit 18.
  • the calculation unit 18 receives the detection result, i.e. the read-outs from the detector element of the detector 8, and determines a scanning result on the basis of the read-outs.
  • the detector elements of the detector 8 may be adapted to measure the attenuation caused to the cone beam 6 by the object of interest.
  • the calculation unit 18 communicates with the motor control unit 17 in order to coordinate the movement of the gantry 1 with motor 3 and 20 or with the conveyor belt 19.
  • the calculation unit 18 may be adapted for reconstructing an image from read-outs of the detector 8.
  • the image generated by the calculation unit 18 may be output to a display (not shown in Fig. 1) via an interface 22.
  • the calculation unit which may be realized by a data processing device may also be adapted to perform a triggering of the rupturing or destruction of the first container on the basis of a heart beat rate of the heart of a patient. According to an aspect of the present invention, the heart beat rate of the heart of the patient is monitored and evaluated.
  • the data processing device may trigger a destruction device 23 to emit a focused ultrasound pulse 24.
  • the ultrasound pulse 24 is focused on the neighborhood of the heart of the patient or on the heart itself and has a frequency which corresponds to a resonance frequency of containers or micro-bubbles containing a drug.
  • these micro-bubbles are visible to an ultrasound imaging system and may furthermore be visible in a nuclear medical imaging system such as, for example, PET or SPECT.
  • the micro-bubbles may comprise a radio pharmaceutical such as, e.g.
  • the micro-bubbles are designed such that they are suitable for introduction into a bloodstream of a subject, for example a patient.
  • the micro-bubbles may have diameters within the range of about 1 to lO ⁇ m. Details with respect to the material of the micro-bubbles and the construction of the micro- bubbles may, for example, be taken from US 2002/0151792 Al, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Furthermore, as may be taken from Fig.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a feedback loop according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the feedback loop may be implemented in a CT scanner system, as depicted in Fig. 1.
  • a monitoring device 29 monitors or measures the heart beat rate of the heart 28 of a patient during a cardiac CT scan. Information about the monitored heart beat rate is transmitted from monitoring device 29 to a data processing device 27 via line 32.
  • the data processing device 27 is adapted for triggering the rupturing or destruction of containers 30 on the basis of the heart beat rate.
  • the data processing device 27 sends a triggering signal to the destruction device 23 via line 33.
  • the destruction device 23 is adapted for rupturing the containers 30, which are located in proximity to the heart of the patient by emission of focused ultrasound pulses 24, resulting in a local application of the drug contained in the micro-bubbles 30 to the heart of the patient.
  • Destruction device 23 generates a focused beam of ultrasound pulses 24, which is aimed at the heart 28 of the patient or at the neighborhood of the heart, where the containers or micro-bubbles 30 are located. Therefore, only the containers 30 in the vicinity of the heart 28 are destroyed.
  • the micro-bubbles 30 may comprise a cavity (not shown in Fig. 2).
  • the wall of the micro-bubbles or containers 30 have a controlled fragility, such that a rupture can be created in the wall by means of a pre-determined ultrasound energy.
  • the cavity of the micro-bubbles 30 contains a drug such as adrenalin for increasing the heart beat rate or acetic choline for decreasing the heart beat rate. Both drugs, adrenalin and acetic choline, are part of a normal human control loop for the heart beat rate. Adrenalin acts on the entire heart muscle, while acetic choline acts on the sinus node only.
  • both drugs act locally and directly on the heart. Both drugs do not pass the cell membranes and act by modifying the permeability of the cell membranes for certain ions. This way of acting is known to be very fast and consequently these two drugs can be used to control the heart beat rate during a CT scan.
  • the cavity may contain air or other suitable gas allowing for sufficient compressibility and oscillation capability of the micro-bubble in case it is subjected to ultrasound.
  • the wall may be made of a lipid material.
  • the micro- bubble may be a gas-filled microsphere or comprise liposomes containing the drug for local application.
  • the drug may be located in cavities of the microsphere or liposomes, in the walls or may be attached to an outside of the walls of the microsphere or liposomes.
  • the drug may be arranged in the microsphere or liposomes in the same manner as the therapeutic compounds of the therapeutic drug delivery system disclosed in the US 5,580,575, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • composition of the walls of the microsphere or liposomes according to this exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be the same as of the microsphere or liposomes comprising the therapeutic compounds of the therapeutic drug delivery system disclosed in the US 5,580,575, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the gas-filled microspheres or liposomes are visible in ultrasound imaging.
  • the two drugs are transported in different containers.
  • Adrenalin which increases the heart beat rate
  • acetic choline which decreases the heart beat rate
  • the first container has a first resonance frequency
  • the second container has a second resonance frequency, wherein the first resonance frequency is different from the second resonance frequency.
  • first containers and the second containers may have different resonance frequencies, they may be addressed individually by the destruction device 23. Therefore, it may be possible to destroy or rupture the first container type by means of a focused ultrasound pulse 24 with a first frequency and at the same time not to destroy or rupture the second container type, which may be located in the vicinity of the first container type. On the other hand, by changing the frequency of the focused ultrasound pulse 24, it may be possible to address and therefore to destroy or rupture the second container type in the vicinity of the heart 28 without effecting the first container type.
  • containers 31 are not influenced by the ultrasound pulses 24 and are therefore not destroyed.
  • containers 30 and 31 may comprise two different types of containers, namely first containers with a first resonance frequency and second containers with a second resonance frequency.
  • the first containers comprise a first type of drug and the second containers comprise a second type of drug.
  • the assembly depicted in Fig. 2 is designed in the form of a feedback loop.
  • the drugs may also be comprised in the wall of the micro-bubble.
  • the beam 24 may be an electromagnetic energy beam with a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the first container or the second container 30.
  • the resonance frequency may be a frequency of a vibration mode or a deformation oscillation of the container or micro- bubble, or the resonance frequency may correspond to a transformation energy or energy difference between two energy states of a molecule of the container.
  • step SI the first and second containers are applied to the bloodstream of a patient in step S2, e.g. by an injection.
  • step S3 by means of the bloodstream of the patient, the containers are transported to the region of interest of the patient to be examined, e.g. the heart of the patient.
  • step S4 the CT scan starts, for example, by acquisition of projection data of the heart of the patient.
  • step S5 a measurement of the actual heart beat rate is performed, e.g.
  • the measured heart beat rate is evaluated.
  • the injected containers have been transported to the heart of the patient by means of the bloodstream.
  • the data processing device which evaluates the heart beat rate observes a change in the heart beat rate, it may trigger a destruction of micro-bubbles in the vicinity of the heart.
  • the micro-bubbles may then be destroyed by means of a focused ultrasound pulse at the resonance frequency of the micro-bubbles, leading to a local delivery of the drugs.
  • the micro-bubbles used for the transportation of the drugs must have different sizes and thus different resonance frequencies in order to allow a delivery of only one of the two drugs at a time.
  • the data processing device For example, if the data processing device observes an increase of the heart beat rate, it triggers a destruction of the second type of micro-bubbles, namely the micro-bubbles containing acetic choline, which decreases the heart beat rate. After destruction of the micro-bubbles in step S8 by the destruction device, the drugs are applied locally to the heart of the patient, resulting in a change of the heart beat rate in step S9. Then, in step S10, the data processing device decides whether the CT scan continues or whether it is finished. If the CT scan continues, the method jumps back to step S5 and the heart beat rate is again measured.
  • the second type of micro-bubbles namely the micro-bubbles containing acetic choline
  • Fig. 4 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a data processing device according to the present invention for executing an exemplary embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention. The data processing device depicted in Fig.
  • the 4 comprises a central processing unit (CPU) or image processor 151 connected to a memory 152 for storing an image depicting an object of interest, such as a patient.
  • the data processor 151 may be connected to a plurality of input/output network or diagnosis devices, such as an MR device or a CT device.
  • the data processor may furthermore be connected to a display device 154, for example, a computer monitor, for displaying information or an image computed or adapted in the data processor 151.
  • An operator or user may interact with the data processor 151 via a keyboard 155 and/or other output devices, which are not depicted in Fig. 4.
  • the image processing and control processor 151 may connect to, for example, a motion monitor, which monitors a motion of the object of interest.
  • a motion monitor which monitors a motion of the object of interest.
  • the motion sensor may be an exhalation sensor.
  • the motion sensor may be an electrocardiogram (ECG).
  • the y-axis shows the mean temporal resolution from 0.00 to 0.50 sec.
  • the six different curves represent the mean temporal resolution versus the heart rate at six different relative pitches.
  • the uppermost curve represents a pitch of 0.30
  • the dotted curve below represents the mean temporal resolution at a relative pitch of 0.27
  • the curve below this represents the mean temporal resolution at a relative pitch of 0.24
  • the curve below represents the mean temporal resolution at a relative pitch of 0.21
  • the second lowest curve represents the mean temporal resolution at a relative pitch of 0.18
  • the lowest curve represents the mean temporal resolution versus heart rate at a relative pitch of 0.15.
  • the gating of each curve is positioned at 85% RR and the rotation time is 0.42 sec. Before the scan, the relative pitch is selected, e.g.
  • the mean temporal resolution is about 70 milli-seconds. If the heart beat rate of the patient increases to 95 bpm, the temporal resolution decreases to about 200 milli-seconds. Therefore, an increase in the heart beat rate of about 10% results in a reduction of the mean temporal resolution by a factor 2 to 3. Therefore, in order to obtain an acceptable mean temporal resolution, it may be advantageous to keep the heart beat rate constant during data acquisition. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this may be achieved by rupturing certain containers comprising respective drugs at a time determined by a monitoring algorithm on the basis of the heart beat rate (which may be monitored by an electro-cardiogram) of the patient. By doing so, a fast change of the heart beat rate may be triggered, allowing for a reduction in variations of the heart beat rate of the patient during a cardiac CT scan and therefore resulting in an improved image quality of an image of the heart.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'application locale contrôlée sur certaines parties du corps d'un patient peut revêtir une importance majeure pendant une tomodensitométrie cardiaque. L'application locale des médicaments est rendue possible par l'emploi d'enveloppes qui empêchent la libération de médicaments et dont la rupture n'est possible que si elles se trouvent à proximité de la partie du corps du patient sur laquelle les médicaments doivent être appliqués. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention cité à titre d'exemple, la rupture de l'enveloppe et donc l'application des médicaments peuvent être déclenchées par un algorithme de contrôle qui évalue les changements de pouls chez le patient. Cette méthode offre l'avantage de pouvoir déterminer avec précision le moment d'administration des médicaments et donc de vérifier rapidement le pouls pendant une tomodensitométrie cardiaque.
PCT/IB2005/050576 2004-02-20 2005-02-15 Application de medicaments pendant une tomodensitometrie WO2005082253A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006553741A JP2007522861A (ja) 2004-02-20 2005-02-15 Ｃｔスキャン中の薬剤投与
US10/598,004 US8615289B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2005-02-15 Drug application during a CT scan
EP05702982A EP1718210B1 (fr) 2004-02-20 2005-02-15 Application de medicaments pendant une tomodensitometrie
AT05702982T ATE527940T1 (de) 2004-02-20 2005-02-15 Medikamentenanwendung während eines ct-scans

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04100688 2004-02-20
EP04100688.3 2004-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005082253A1 true WO2005082253A1 (fr) 2005-09-09

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US (1) US8615289B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1718210B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007522861A (fr)
CN (1) CN100496403C (fr)
AT (1) ATE527940T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005082253A1 (fr)

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FR2923152A1 (fr) * 2007-11-06 2009-05-08 Gen Electric Procede d'acquisition d'une image radiologique tridimensionnelle d'un organe en mouvement
JP5062764B2 (ja) * 2006-04-26 2012-10-31 株式会社日立メディコ 磁気誘導型ドラッグデリバリーシステム

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ATE527940T1 (de) 2011-10-15
US20080027307A1 (en) 2008-01-31
CN100496403C (zh) 2009-06-10
EP1718210A1 (fr) 2006-11-08
CN1921801A (zh) 2007-02-28

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